
BonIr > (^ /r 
G^yrightl^" 

COPYRIGHT DEi-OSir. 



/ ^ 



DIAGRAM, 



CONSTRUCTED BY CAPT. J. P. CADMAN, A. M., ST. LOUIS, ESPECIALLY FOR CAMPBELL'S 
GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Illustrating the remarkable progress of Missouri since her admission into the Union and 
showing the rank in population of 23 other States according to each census from 1820 to 
1870, and their ratio of increase during the last decade. 

Missouri, as will be noticed, was in 1820 23d in rank; in 1830, 21st; in 1840, i6th; 
in 1850, 13th; in i860, 8th; and in 1870, Fifth. 





c 
rt 

(A 

I 


1820. 
N. Y. 


1830. 

N. y. 


1840. 

N. Y. 


i8so. 
N. Y. 


j86o. 

N. Y. 


1870. 
N. Y. 


Pwcentage 

of increase bet 

i860 & 1870. 

12.94 


c 
I 


2 


Va. 


Pa. 


Pa. 


Pa. 


Pa. 


Pa. 


21.19 


2 


3 


Pa. 


Va. 


Ohio. 


Ohio. 


Ohio. 


Ohio. 


13.92 


3 


4 


N. C. 
Ohio. 
Ky. 


Ohio. 
N. C. 
Ky. 


Va. 

Tenn. 

Ky. 


Va. 
Tenn. 

Mass. 


111. 
Va. 
Ind. 


111. , 


48.36 

] 5152 

24.45 


4 


5 


Mo. 


5 


6 


Ind. 


6 


7 


Mass. 
S. C. 
Tenn. 


Tenn. 
Mass. 
S. C. 


N. C. 

Mass. 
Ge. 


Ind. 
Ky. 
Ga. 


Mass. 


Mass. 

Ky. 

Tenn. 


18.38 
23.98 
25.91 


7 


8 


Mo. 


8 


9 


Ky. 


9 


10 


Md. 


Ga. 


Ind. 


N.C. 


Tenn. 


Va. 


* 


10 


II 


Ga. 


Md. 


S. C. 


111. 


Ga. 


Iowa. 


76.91 


II 


12 


Me. 

N.J. 

Conn. 


Me. 
Ind. 
N.J. 


Ala. 

Me. 
111. 


Ala. 


N.C. 

Ala. 
Miss. 


Ga. 

Mich. 

N.C. 


35-73 
58.06 

24-55 


12 


^3 


Mo. 


13 


14 


S. C. 


H 


15 


N. H. 

Vt. 

La. 


Ala. 
Conn. 

Vt. 


Md. 


Miss. 

Me. 

Md. 


Wis. 

Mich. 
La. 


Wis. 

Ala. 
N.J. 


35-93 
26.17 

38-83 


15 


16 


Mo. 


16 


17 


Miss. 


17 


18 


Ind. 


N. H. 


N.J. 


La. 


S. C. 


Miss. 


34.26 


18 


19 


Ala. 


La. 


La. 


N.J. 


Md. 


Tex. 


54.10 


19 


20 


R. I. 

Miss. 
Del. 


111. 


Conn. 
Vt. 
N. H. 

Mich. 

R. I. 


Mich. 
Conn. 
N. H. 
Vt. 
Wis. 


Iowa. 
N.J. 

Me. 

Tex. 

Conn. 


Md. 
La. 
S. C. 

Me. 
Cal. 


19.74 

26.35 
30.01 

-0.22f 
54.68 


20 


21 


Mo. 


21 


22 


Miss. 
R. I. 
Del. 


22 


23 


Mo. 


23 


24 


111. 


24 



The increase in population in Missouri was, between 1820 and 1830, 110.94 per 
cent.; between 1830 and 1840, 173 per cent.; between 1840 and 1850, 77.75 per cent.; 
between 1850 and i860, 73.30 per cent.; and between i860 and 1870, 51.52 per cent. 

The increase of the United States was 22.63 per cent, between i860 and 1870. 

*The increase was 4.44 per cent., but the erection of West Virginia occasioned a loss 
to the State, as reduced, of 12.49 P^r cent. 

I Loss. 



CAMPBELL'S j.i 



GAZETTEER 



OF 



MISSOURI 



FROM ARTICLES CONTRIBUTED BY PROMINENT GENTLEMEN IN EACH 
i COUNTY OF THE STATE, AND INFORMATION COLLECTED AND COL- 

LATED FROM OFFICIAL AND OTHER AUTHENTIC SOURCES, 
BY A CORPS OF EXPERIENCED CANVASSERS, 

UNDER THE PERSONAL SUPERVISION OF THE EDITOR, 

R. a/ CAMPBELL, 

AUTHOR OF "CAMPBELL'S ATLAS OF MISSOURI," "CAMPBELL'S ATLAS OF ILLINOIS," 

"CAMPBELL'S SHIPPERS' GUIDE AND TRAVELERS' 

DIRECTORY," ETC., ETC. 



ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS AND ENGRAVINGS. 



ST. LOUIS: 

R. A. CAMPBELL, PUBLISHER. 

1874. 






Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1S74-, by 

ROBERT A. CAMPBELL, 
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 



Barns & Betoon, Becktold & Co . 

Printers :iiul Stereotypers, Binders 

215 JHne St., St Louis. 215 Pine st.. St. Louis. 



Ch^ 



*r 



PREFACE. 

The most careful observer and candid writer cannot, in making tours 
through the State, give as accurate information concerning its many 
important resources, as the intelligent, practical residents of each 
locality The Editor has not therefore relied mainly upon his personal 
observation, but has sought the best available authority in every 
department. He has invited over five hundred able and promment 
gentlemen in the different counties of the State to contribute informa- 
tion, descriptions and articles for the work. The parties addressed, with 
scarcely an exception, have either complied or secured some other com- 
petent person, who did the State good service by giving the information 
sought. The vast amounts of description, statistics and history thus 
obtained,— together with that selected from the works consulted, (see 
page 14,) have been woven into form and submitted to several prominent 
citizens of each county for criticism, correction and amendment. 
After the pages were electrotyped, proofs were sent to contributors and 
others, and errors in dates, figures, spelling of names, etc., were cor- 
rected regardless of time, trouble or expense. The Editor desires to 
acknowledge his indebtedness to these able and pains-taking contrib- 
utors, and to many others who have read proofs, verified statements, and 
in many ways enabled him to make the work more complete. Did it 
not appear partial, he would much like to name several whose assistance 
has been particularly valuable. He must in justice, however, acknow- 
ledge his especial obligations to his careful and efficient chief assistant, 
Mrs. J. M. Townsley, upon whom has devolved much of the editorial 
work, and to whom must be awarded a generous share of whatever 
praise the Gazetteer may merit. 

In such a work perfect accuracy is impossible. From the care taken, 
however, it is believed that but few errors will be found, and none of 
great importance. And the Editor feels justified in hoping that the 
Gazetteer will meet with the approval and patronage of a fact-loving 

P"^^^"- R. A. C. 

St. Louis, June, 1874. 

The publisher will be under obligations to anyone in any part of 
Missouri, who will furnish him with reliable information concerning 
changes occurring in the State, or for the correction of possible errors. 
All such additions and corrections will be made from time to time, as 
successive editions of this work are issued. ^ 



CONTENTS. 



List of Contributors 9 

Works Consulted 14 

MAPS AND 

Progress of Missouri.... facing title. 

Missouri, as admitted to the 
Union facing 

St. Louis in 1780, by Atiguste 
Chouteau facing 

Section illustrating the Geol- 
ogy of Missouri — 

facing 



Post-offices in Missouri and 
Index to descriptions 



15 



14 



ig 15 



30 



DIAGRAMS. 

Railway Map of Missouri — 

following 30 
Climatological Map of Missouri 3 1 

Political Map of Missouri 32 

Geological Map of Missouri, 

facing 33 

Climatological Diagrams — 

facing 728 



GENERAL ARTICLES. 



Topography 651 

Statistics 655 

Railroads 661 

Education 665 

History 675 

Changes in Government 700 

Religious Denominations 713 

Climate 723 

Lead 73i 



Iron 745 

Physical Geography 755 

Geology 755 

Mines and Useful Minerals.... 773 

Waters of Missouri 780 

Prairies 7^2 

Timber 783 

Soils 784 

Pottery Clays 79° 



COUNTIES. 
Adair 33 Carroll. 



Andrew 39 

Atchison 43 

Audrain 47 

Barry 5^ 

Barton 53 

Bates 55 

Benton 59 Clay 

Bollinger 63 ' Clinton 

Boone 65 



Carter "7 

Cass 119 

Cedar 125 

Chariton 129 

Christian i37 

Clark 141 

149 

161 

Cole 165 



Buchanan 73 Cooper 171 

Butler 83 Crawford i75 

Caldwell 87 Dade i79 

Callaway 93 Dallas 183 

Camden 99 Daviess 187 



Cape Girardeau 



103 



DeKalb 191 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 



Dent 193 

Douglas 197 

Dunklin 199 

Frankl in 201 

Gasconade 207 

Gentry 211 

Greene 215 

Grundy 221 

Harrison 225 

Henry 229 

Hickory 233 

Holt 235 

Howard 241 

Howell 255 

Iron 259 

Jackson . 265 

Jasper 273 

Jefferson 279 

Johnson 287 

Knox 293 

Laclede 295 

Lafayette 299 

Lawrence 303 

Le\yis 307 

Lincoln 311 

Linn 317 

Livingston 323 

McDonald 329 

Macon 333 

Madison 339 

Maries 345 

Marion 349 

Mercer 361 

Miller 365 

Mississippi 371 

Moniteau 375 

Monroe 379 

Montgomery 383 

Morgan 389 

New Madrid 393 

Newton 399 



Nodaway 403 

Oregon 407 

Osage 411 

Ozark. . . 415 

Pemiscot 417 

Perry 421 

Pettis 427 

Phelps 433 

Pike 439 

Platte 445 

Polk 451 

Pulaski 45 q 

Putnam 459 

Ralls 463 

Randolph 467 

Ray 471 

Reynolds 477 

Ripley 479 

St. Charles 481 

St. Clair 491 

St. Francois 495 

Ste. Genevieve 503 

St. Louis 509 

Saline 581 

Schuyler 587 

Scotland 591 

Scott 595 

Shannon 599 

Shelby .601 

Stoddard 605 

Stone 609 

Sullivan 613 

Taney 617 

Texas 619 

Vernon 621 

Warren 625 

Washington 629 

Wayne 637 

Webster 641 

Worth 645 

Wright 649 



Note.— Some counties and articles occupying more and others less space than calculated has resulted 
in the omission of pages 169, 170, 213, 214, 543, 344, 359, 360, 413, 414, 573—580 and 705—712, and in having 
8 extra pages between 81 and 83 and 2 extra pages between 123 and 125. 



CONTRIBUTORS TO 

CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER @ MISSOURL 



The general articles are furnished by the following able gentlemen, each of whom writes 
upon a Rubject in. which he is especially interested and well infonned : 



GEORGE EXGELMANN, M. D., etc., 
Ejt,- President of St. Louis Academy of Science. 

HON. GEORGE C. SWALLOW, M.D.,LL.D. 

Professor of Agriculture, Geology and Botany 

■in the Missouri State University, and 

Late State Geologist. 

HON. G. C. BROADHEAD, 

State Geologist. 

Col WM. F. SWITZLER, 
.Editor of the Statesman, Columbia. 

HON JOHN MONTEITH, 

State Superintendent of Public Schools. 



Prof. W. T. HARRIS, LL.D., 

Superintendent of Sf. Tenuis Public Schools and 
President of St. Louis Academy of Science. 

PROF. E. P. POWELL, 

St. Louis. 

R. O. THOMPSON, M. E., 

St. Louis. 

H. M. THOMPSON, ESQ., 
St. Louis. 

Capt. J. P. CADAIAN, A. M., 

St. Louis. 



The following named gentlemen have contributed the History, Description and Statistics 
•of the Counties, Cities, Villages, etc. : 



A. ACKERMAN, ESQ., Attorney at Law, 

Warrenton, Warren County. 
T. S. ADAMS, Esq., Lutesville, Bollinger Co. 
.JOS. H. ALES^VNDER, ESQ., Cashier of 

Union Savings Bank, St. Charles. 
Hon. ALBERT O.ALLEN, Editor of if ecorf?, 

New Madrid. 
D. C. ALLEN, ESQ., Attorney at Law, Lib- 
erty, Clay County. 
B,EV. J. W. ALLEN, St. Louis. 
J. G. ANDERSON, Esq., Real Estate Agent, 

Steelville, Crawford County. 
SCHUYLER ANDREWS, ESQ., Deputy Cl'k 

and Recorder of Deeds, Green ville,WajTie 

County. 
.J. W. ARMSTRONG, ESQ., Editor Rustic, 

Stoutland, Camden County. 
O. D. AUSTIN, ESQ., Editor Record, Butler, 

Bates County. 
JAS. BARNES, ESQ., Sturgeon, Boone Co. 
P. BARRICKLOW, ESQ., Salem, Dent Co. 
J.F. BEATTY, Esq., Editor of Gazette, Milan 

Sullivan County. 
Hon. W. n. BENNETT, Attorney at Law, 

Perryville, Perry County. 
FRANCIS J. BERNAYS, M. D., late Surgeon 

in U. S. Army, Ste. Genevieve. 
FREDERICK L. BILLON, ESQ., St. Louis. 



A. BLACK, Esq., Merchant, Maysville. De 

Kalb County. 
Col. JAMES W. BLACK, Attorney at Law, 

Richmond, Ray County. 
A. G. BLACKWELL, Esq., Carrollton, Car- 
roll County. 
MILO BLAIR, ESQ., Editor of Eagle, and 

Mayor of Boonvillo, Cooper County. 
J. A. BODENHAMER, ESQ., Editor of the 

People's P}-ess, Carthage, Jasper County. 
THOS. D. BOGIE, ESQ., Editor of Herald, 

Keytesville, Chariton County. 
BOGIE & HUNTER, Editors and Publishers 

of Herald, Huntsville, Randolph County. 
S.J. BOSTWICK, ESQ., Attorney at Law and 

County Superintendent of Public Schools, 

Waynesville, Pulaski County. 
Rev. THOS. BOWMAN, Bishop of M. E. Ch , 

St. Louis. 
JOHN N. BOYD, ESQ., Attorney at Law, 

Chillicothe, Livingston County. 
Maj. S. G. BROCK, Attorney at Law, Macon 

City, Macon County. 
OTTO BRIX, Esq., Editor of Pos<, Washing- 
ton, Fi-anklin County. 
JAMES F. BROOKS, Justice of the Peace, 

Jackson, Cape Girardeau Coimty. 
H. L. BROWN, Esq., Real Estate Agent, 

Fayette, Howard Coimty. 



lO 



CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 



J. J. BROWTJ, Esq., Attorney at Law, For- 
syth, Taney County. 

Hon. M. C B KOWN, Monroe City, Monroe Co. 

THOS. C. BROWN, ESQ., Van Buren, Car- 
ter County 

THEODORE BROWER. ESQ., Publisher of 
Herald, Bolivar, Polk County. 

HENRY BRUMBACK, Esq., Attorney at 
Law, Mt. Vernon, Lawrence County. 

Hon. R. F. BULLER, Attorney at Law, 
Stockton. Cedar County. 

B. F. BURCn, M. D., Washington, Franklin 
County. 

Hon.N. C. BURCH, Editor of Journal. Jeffer- 
son City. 

C. E. BUREN, ESQ., Publisher of Advance, 
Princeton, Mercer County. 

REV. A. H. BURLINGHAM, D.D., Pastor 

2d Baptist Church, St. Louis. 
W. A BURNS, Esq., Charleston, Mississippi 

County. 
COL. D. A. BURTON, Editor, Fredericktown, 

Madison County. 
J. M. BYLER, Esq., Real Estate Dealer, Se- 

dalia, Pettis County. 
W]VI. J. BYRAN, Esq., Editor, Montgomery 

City. 
Hon. J. E.CADLE,M.D.,Chillicothe, Living- 
ston County. 
R. CAHILL, Esq., Attorney at Law, Doni- 
phan, Ripley County. 
R. R. CALKINS, ESQ., Editor Standard, St. 

Joseph. 
Maj. G. W. CARLETON, Esq., Attorney at 

Law, and Editor of Democrat, Gayoso, 

Pemiscot County. 
ALEX. CARTER, ESQ., Circuit and County 

Clerk,. Van Buren, Carter County. 
Judge SOL. D. CARUTHERS, County Clerk 

Fredericktown, Madison County. 
E. P. CARUTHERS, Esq., Editor of Bee. 

Fredericktown, Madison County. 
C. C. CASH, Esq., County Superintendent of 

Public Schools, Hartville, Wright County. 
JOHN S. CHANDLER, Esq., Real Estate and 

Insurance Agent, Shelbina, Shelby Co. 
S. CHANDLER, ESQ., Stockton, Cedar Co. 
A. W. CHENOWETH, M. D., Pineville, 

McDonald County. 
J. t. CHILD, Esq., Richmond, Ray Co. 
W. E. CHILES, Esq., Lexington, Lafayette 

County. 
W. G CHURCH, Esq., Editor Agriculturalist 

Mexico, Audrain County 
Judge WM. CLANCY, Attorney at Law, 

Edina, Knox County. 
Hon. N. G. CLARK, Attorney at Law and 

Proprietor of Abstract Office, Steelville, 

Crawford County. 
Col. JOSEPH COOPER» Howard County. 
W. D. CRANDALL, ESQ., Editor Gazette, 

Brookfleld, Linn Coimty. 
A. II. CRAVEN, Esq., Ozark, Christian Co. 



Judge C. B. CRUMB, Attorney at Law,. 

Bloomfleld, Stoddard County. 
Hon. D. S. crumb, C. E., Real Estate Agent, 

Bloomfleld, Stoddard County. 
Hon. Jno. F. DARBY, St. Louis. 
Hon. D. E. DAVIS, Richland, Pulaski County. 
"Uncle " PETER DEAN, Perry Coimty. 

D. A. De ARMOND, Esq., Attorney at Law, 
Greenfield, Dade County. 

Col. MARK L. DE MOTTE, Y:<\\ior of Register 

Lexington, Lafayette County. 
SAMUEL DICKEY, ESQ , Merchant, Marsh- 

fleld, Webster County. 
J. P. DILLINGHAM, ESQ., Attorney at Law, 

Ironton, Iron County. 
Hon. D. S. DONEGAN, Licking, Texas Co. 
Col. jno. DONIPHAN, Attorney at Law, St. 

Joseph. 
JOHN D. DOPF, Esq , Real Estate Dealer, 

Rockport, Atchison Co. 
T. E. DOUTIIIT, Esq., Supt. of Public 

Schools. Liberty ville, St. Francois County. 

E. draper, Esq., Real Estate Agent, Louis- 

iana, Pike Co. 
JAMES DUMARS, Esq., Editor of i^ree Press, 

Bolivar, Polk Co. 
DYSART & MILLER, Editors & Publishers 

of Excelsior, Lancaster, Schuyler County. 
Rev. J. G. EBERHARD, St Louis. 
J. E. F. EDWARDS, A. B., Attorney at Law, , 

Ironton, Iron County. 
Col. NEWTON G. ELLIOTT, Farmer and 

Director of M. K. & T. R.R., New Franklin, . 

Howard County. 
Hon. R. C. EWING, Judge of Criminal Court,. 

Kansas City. 
JOHN W. FARRIS, Esq., County Clerk and 

Recorder, Lebanon, Laclede County. 
L. N. FARRIS, ESQ., Logan Creek, Reynolds 

County. 
Rev. R. p. FARRIS, D. D., Editor of 0. S. 

Presbyterian, St. Louis. 
Hon. L. J. FARWELL, Ex-Gov.ofWiscon- 

sin. Grant City, Worth County. 
W. T. FOSTER, Esq., Editor of Tribune,. 

Bethany, Harrison County. 
J. F. FRANKEY, ESQ, Attorney at Law,. 

Unionville, Putnam County. 
J. M. FRAZIER, Esq., Hartville, Wright Co. 
JAMES T. FREEMAN, Esq., Real Estate 

Agent, Grant City, Worth County. 
J. M. GALLEMORE, ESQ., Editor, Salisbury, 

Chariton County. 
J. WADE GARDNER, M.D., Osceola, St. 

Clair County. 
A. GIBONY, Esq., Editor of iS^'ews, Attorney 

at Law, Poplar Bluff, Butler County. 
Maj. W. C. B. GILLESPIE, Editor of Register. 

Kirksville, Adair County. 
Hon. R. Q. GILLILAND, Farmer, Gaines- 
ville, Ozark Comity. 
JUDGE H. A. GLENN, Attorney at Law, 

Harrisonville, Case County. 



LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 



C. H. S. GOODMAN, Esq., Attorney at Law, 
Albany, Gentry County. 

Kev. C. L. GOODKLL, St. Louis. 

C. M. GORDON, ESQ., Attorney at Law, Cali- 
fornia, Moniteau County. 

SAMUEL M. GREEN, ESQ., Attorney at Law, 
and County Supt. of Schools, Cape Girar- 
deau. 

OLIVER GUTHRIE, ESQ., Marshall, Saline 
County. 

N. M. GWYNNE, ESQ., Attorney at Law, 
Memphis, Scotland County. 

S. K. HALL, ESQ., Warrensburg, Johnson 
County. 

N. H. HAMPTON, M. D., Marshfleld. Webs- 
ter County. 

JOHN A. HANNAY ESQ , Editor of Gazette, V 
Versailles, Morgan County. 

O. D. HARRIS, Esq., Cashier of Bank, Ste. 
Genevieve. 

HON. T. R. E. HARVEY, ESQ., Miami, Salme 
County. 

L. T. HATFIELD, ESQ., Attorney at Law, 
Milan, Sullivan County. 

D. J. HEASTON, ESQ.. Editor of Watchman, 
Bethany, Ilarrif >n County. 

J. C. HEBERLING, M. D., Boonsboro, 
Howard County. 

Z. T. HEDGES, ESQ., Editor of Southwest, 
North Springfield, Greene County. 

GEO. B. HERENDEN, ESQ., Publisher, Han- 
nibal, Marion County. 

JOEL HESTER, Esq., County Surveyor, 
Oregon, Holt County. 

E. E HICKOK, ESQ., Notary Public, Paris, 

Monroe County. 
RUDOLPH HIRZEL, ESQ., Attorney at Law, 

Hermann, Gasconade County. 
D. L. HOFFMAN, ESQ., Editor of Advance, 

Morley, Scott County. 
Dk. A G. HOLLENBECK, Buffalo, Dallas Co. 
Dr. E. HOVEY, Buffalo, Dallas County. 
MAJ. G. H. HUBBELL, Farmer, Trenton 

Grundy County. 
A. W. HUTCHINS, ESQ., Notary Public, 

Real Estate and Insurance Agent, Lex- 
ington, Lafayette County. 
HUTTON & JACKS, Publishers Intelligencer 

Mexico, Audrain County. 
W. T. JOHNSON, ESQ., Osceola, St. Clair 

Coimty. 
Hon. E. frank HYNES, West Plains, 

Howell County. 

0. C. JOXES, Esq., Editor Reporter, Bloom- 

field, Stoddard County. 

1. M. JULIAN, Esq., Editor Democrat, War- 

rensburg, Johnson County. 

WM. KAUCHER, ESQ., Ex-Sheriff, Oregon, 
Holt County. 

VINCENT P. KELLEY, ESQ., Superinten- 
dent of Public Schools, Cameron, Clinton 
County 

Hon. S. B. KELLOGG, St Louis. 



JOHN KERR, M. D., County Clerk, Galena, 
Stone County. 

CHARLES K. KEW, ESQ., Real Estate Ag't 
and Notary Public, Commerce, Scott Co. 

O. J. KERBY, Esq., Editor Journal, Carroll- 
ton, Carroll County. 

J. B. KING, Esq , Probate Judge and Attor- 
ney at L.aw, Vienna, Maries County. 

L. L. KINGSBURY, ESQ., Editor Democratic 
Banner, Fayette, Howard County. 

HON. D. L. KOST, Attorney at Law, Galla- 
tin, Daviess County. 

Judge R. H. LANDRUM, Mt. Vemon, Law- 
rence County. 

Hon. PRESLEY C. LANE, Palmyra, Marion 
County. 

JAMES H. lay. Esq , Real Estate Agent, 
Warsaw, Bt-uton County. 

B. R. LINGLE, Esq., Editor of Democrat, 
Warsaw, Bcntoii County 

JACOB A. LOVE, ESQ., School Commis- 
sioner, Lane's Prairie, Maries County. 

J. M. LOVE, ESQ , Editor of Times, Macon 
City, Macon Co. 

WM. A. LOVE, ESQ., Clerk of Circuit. County 
and Probate Courts, Gainesville, Ozark 
County. 

M. A. LOW, ESQ., Attorney at Law, Hamilj 
ton, Caldwell Comity. 

H. P. LYNCH, M. D., Commerce, Scott Co. 

REV. D. R. McANALLY, D. D., Editor N. W. 
Christian Advocate, St. Louis. 

JOHN C. MCCOY, Esq., Kansas City. 

W. G. Mcdowell, esq , Real Estate Ag't, 
Greenfield, Dade County. 

L. W. McKINNEY, ESQ., Attorney at Law, 
Fulton, Callaway County. 

JAS. M. MCLELLAN, ESQ., Attorney at Law 
Troy, Lincoln Coxmty. 

E. W. MC.MULLIN, Editor oi Jefferson Demo- 

crat, Hillsboro, Jefferson Co. 
LOGAN MCREYNOLDS, M. D., Pleasant 

Hill, Cass County. 
J. G. MAGANN, ESQ., Editor of Opinion, 

Sedalia. 
Judge G. W. MAGOWAN, New London, 

Ralls County. 
DEXTER MASON, ESQ.,Robidoux, Texas Co. 

F. A. MASON, ESQ., Editor of the iVew«, 

Hartville, Wright County. 

J. F. MASON, ESQ., Grant City, Worth Co. 

HON. J. B. MERWIN, Fditor of the American 
Journal of Education, St. Louis. 

JNO. W. MILLER, ESQ., Supt. of Public 
Schools, Current River Shannon County. 

R. H. MILLER, Esq., Editor of Tribune, Lib- 
ertj'. Clay County. 

A. B. MILLS, Esq., Editor Sentinel, Kings- 
ton. Caldwell County. 

HON. JAS. R. MILNER, Attorney at Law 
and Principal of the Board of Regents of 
State Normal School, Springfield, Greene 
County. 



12 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL 



THOMAS MITCHELL, ESQ., Farmer, Shel- 

bina, Shelby County. 
J. G. MOOUE, Esq., Monticello, Lewis Co. 
JOHN W. M(30UE, Esq., Attorney at Law, 

Calilbniia, Moniteau County. 
W. P. MOOUE, Esq., LaCrange, Lewis Co. 

A. P. MOREHOUSE, ESQ., Ileal Estate Ag't, 

Maryville, Nodaway County. 
Hon. T. J. O. MOKKISON, Senator, New 

Madrid. 
J. A. MUDD M. D., Editor Herald, Troy, 

Jjincoln County. 
J. F. MUUl'IIY, ESQ., Superintendent of 

Public Schools, Eldorado, Clark County. 
GEO. T. MURPHY, Esq., County Supt. of 

Public Schools, St. Louis. 
DeWITT MYERS, Esq., late Publisher of 

Argus, Appleton City, St. Clair County. 
Judge F. C. NEELEY', Real Estate Agent, 

Greenville, Wayne County. 
M. N. NEIHARDT, Esq., Attorney at Law, 

Hermitage, Hickory County. 
Rev. S. J. NICHOLLS, D.D., Pastor 2d Pres- 
byterian Church, St, Louis. 
N. G. NORMAN, Esq., Alton, Oregon Co. 

B. J. NORTHCUTT, Esq., Pres. B. & S. W. 
R. R., Linneus, Linn County. 

W. T. O'BRYANT, ESQ., Publisher of Repub- 

licnn, Unionville, Putnam County. 
JAMES O'GORMAN, Esq., County Clerk, 

Lexington, Lafayette County. 
E. B. PARK, C. E., Chillicothe, Livingston 

County. 
E. N. PARKER,.Esq., Washington, Franklin 

County. 
A. J. PARKS, Esq., Clerk of Circuit Court, 

Centreville, Reynolds County. 
O. E. PAUL, Esq., Editor and Proprietor 
/ oi Republican, Savannah, Andrew County, 
V W. M. PAXTON, Esq., Attorney at Law, 

Platte City. 
J. A. PAYNE, Esq., Sheriff, Vera Cruz, 

Douglas County. 
JAMES E. PAY'NE, ESQ., Editor Courier, 

Harrisonville, Cass County. 
li. K. PEERS, Esq., Merchant, Farmington, 

St. Frartcois County. 
ALVINA PERKINS, Esq., County Supt. of 

Public Schools, Albiua, Howell County. 
W. N. PICKERILL, A. M., Attorney at Law, 

Clinton, Henry County. 
J. M. PIERCE, Esq., Editor of Star, Grant 

City, Worth County. 
Hon. WILSON PRIMM, Judge of Criminal 

Court, St. Louis. 
Hon. BRAXTON POLLARD. Shelbina, 

Shelby County. 
ALBERT E. PUTNAM, ESQ., Clerk County 

Court, Maysville, De Kalb County. 
Col. JOHN RALLS, Attorney at Law, New 

London, Ralls County. 
S. A. RAWLINGS, Esq., Publisher Democrat 

Shelbina, Shelby County. 



JOHN RAY', M. D., Editor and Publisher of 

Democrat, Cassville, Barry County. 
HENRY REED, ESQ., County Supt. of Pub- 
lic Schools, Canaan, Gasconade County. 
O. S. REED, A. M., Editor of Advertiser, 

Springlield, Greene County. 
T. B. REESE, Esq., County Supt. of Public 

Schools, Versailles, Morgan County. 
WM. S. RELFE, Esq., Attorney at Law, 

Potosi, Washington County. 
J. A. RICHARDSON, ESQ., Editor of 3/on«or, 

Ozark, Christian County. 
G. H. RIFE, Esq., County Supt. of Public 

Schools, Little Black, Ripley County. 
A. P. RITTENHOUSE, Esq., Attorney at 

Law, Vienna, Maries County. 
Rt.Rev. C. F. ROBERTSON, D.D., St. Louis. 
Dr. H. E. ROBINSON, Editor of Republican, 

Maryville, Nodaway County. 
J. B. ROP,INSON, Esq., Clerk of the Circuit 

and Coimty Courts, Tuscumbia, Miller 

County. 
J. B. ROCKE, M. D., Van Buren, Carter Co., 
A. RODEMY'RE,ESQ., 'EAitov Fireside Guard 

Centralia, Boone County. 
M. V. RODNEY', Esq., County Supt. of Pub- 
lic Schools, Charleston, Mississippi Co. 
Rev. ERNST ROSS, St. Louis. 
Rev. RANDALL, ROSS, D. D., Greenwood. 
Hon. LUCIEN SALISBURY', Farmer, spec 

ialty Trotting Stock, Salisbury, Chariton 

County. 
SAMPSON & BRO., Attorneys at Law,SedaUa, 

Pettis County. 
W. R. SAMUELS, ESQ., Real Estate Agent, 

Huntsville, Randolph County. 
E. P. SEARLE, Esq , Real Estate Agent, 

Carthage, Jasper County. 
Rev. G. SEYMOUR, Steelville, Crawford 

County. 
M. V. B. SHATTUCK, M.D., Carthage, Jasper 

County. 
Rev. J. E. SHARP, Pastor Cumberland Pres- 
byterian Church, Kansas City. 
Dk. R. SHELBY', Perry County. 
Hon. M. F. SIMMONS, Editor of Messenger, 

Mexico, Audrain County. 
Rev. JOHN SNY'DER, St. Louis. 
J. J. SITTON, Nurseryman, Pinkleyville^ 

Oregon County. 
J. H. SLINGERLAND, Esq., Laclede, Linn 

Coimty. 
E. B. smith, Esq., County Clerk, Potosi, 

Washington County. 
S. W. SMITH, Esq., Editor of Times, Warsaw, 

Benton County. 
Rev. Dk. S. H. SONNESCHEIN, St. Louis. 
HOMER SPIVA, Esq., Co. Supt. of Schools, 

Clarkton, Dunklin County. 
P. S. STANLEY', ESQ., Alexandria, Clark Co. 
EDWIN W. STEPHENS, Esq., Editor of 

Herald, Columbia, Boone County. 
P. C. STEPP, ESQ., Trenton, Grundy Co. 



LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. 



15 



C. H. STEWARD, ESQ., Clerk of the County 

Court, Princeton, Mercer County. 
N. H. STIDGER, ESQ., Shelton & Stidger, 
Attorneys at Law, Uuionville, Putnam Co. 
B. STINSOX, Esq., Assistant Editor Central 

Christian Advocate, St. Louis 
Hon JOHN H. STOVER, VeraaiUes, Morgan 

County. 
T. C. STRICKLAND, ESQ., Lebanon, Laclede 

County. 
JAMES R. SULLH^AN, ESQ., Greenville, 

Wayne County. 
Hon. J. W. SUTHERLAND, Kirkwood, St. 

Louis County. 
Col. W. F. SWITZLER, Bditor of statesman, 

Columbia, Boone County. 
D. B. TAYLOR, A. M., Editor Times, Spring- 
field, Greene County. 
Prof. D FRAZER TOMSON, Editor and 
Manager of tlie Richland Sentinel, Rich- 
land, Pulaski County. 
L. A. THOMPSON, ESQ., Editor, Danville, 

Montgomery Coimty. 
T. O. TOWLES, Esq , Editor of Democrat, 

Lagrantre, Lewis County. 
R N. TR AVER, ESQ., Editor, Albany, Gentry 

County. 
ISAAC B. TTJBB, Esq., Attorney at Law, 

Poplar Bluff, Butler County. 
J. H. TURNER, Esq., Business Manager of 
the Record Printing Company, Carrollton, 
Carroll County. 
Hon. AMEDEE VALLE, St. Louis. 
VAN BUREN VANDYKE, ESQ., Real Estate 

Agent, Butler, Bates County. 
E. VAN BUSKIRK, Esq., Attorney at Law, 
Oregon, Holt County. 
V Hon. R. T. VAN HORN, Editor Jmirnal, 
Kansas City. 
Gen. R. C. VAUGHAN, Esq., Lexington, 
Lafayette County. 



C. J. WALDEN, Esq., Editor Advertiser, 

Fayette, Howard Co. 
J. ED. WALILER, ESQ., Real Estate Agent, 

Hillsboro, Jefferson County. 
JESSE B. WALLIS, ESQ., Greenville, Wayne 

County. 
REV. Father WM. WALSH, St. Louis. 
Rev. C. F. W. WALTHER, St. Louis. 
R. F WALTON, Esq., Ozark, Christian. 

County. 
U. B. WEBSTER, ESQ., County Supt. of 

Public Schools, Joplin, Jasper County. 
Hon. J. F. WIELANDY, Jefferson City» 

Cole Coimty. 
W. L. WILLARD, ESQ., Editor Heraldy 

Shelbyville, Shelby County. 
Hon. a. M. WILLIAMS, Editor Journaly 

Neosho, Newton County. 
J. B. WILLIAMS, ESQ., Editor Telegraphy 

Fulton, Callaway County. 
JNO.M. WILLIAMS, ESQ., Attorney at Law 

California, Moniteau County. 
Hon. CHAS. A. WINSLOW, Brunswick, 

Chariton County. 
Hon. J. H. WINSTON, Platte C.ty. 
Prof. MARC W. WOOD, Hannibal, Marion 

County. 
HON. J. R. WOODSIDE, Circuit Judge, 13th 

Disti-ict, Thomasville, Oregon County. 
A. J. WRAY, ESQ., Attorney at Law and 
County Supt. of Public Schools, Lamar» 
Barton County. 
LUCIEN B. WRIGHT, ESQ., County Supt. 

of Public Schools, Hardin, Ray County. 
L. S. WRIGHT, ESQ., Editor of Stet, Linn 

Creek, Camden County. 
Hon a. E. WYATT, Banker, Rockport, 

Atchison County 
Hon. WM. F. YOCUM, Platte City. 



14 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 



List of Works consulted in the preparation of Campbell's 
Gazetteer of Missouri. 



Atlas and Gazetteer of the United States— 
AslierA Adams. 

Illu-trated Hand Book of American Travel— 
I). Appk'ton. 

ITuivfrbal i'ronouncing Gazetteer— F. Bald- 
win. 

Pronouncing Gazetteer, or Geographical Dic- 
tionary—Titos. J. & J. Baldwin 

Gazetteer of the States oi Illinois and Mis- 
souri— L. C. Beck. 

Discovery and Settlement of Louisiana— H. 
M. Brackenridge. 

Illustrated Atlas of the U. S. and Adjacent 
Countries— T. G. Br.idford. 

Universal Gazetteer— U. Brookes. 

Western Gazetteer, or Emigrant's Directory — 
S. 11. Brown. 

History of Louisiana— E. Bunner. 

History of Illinois — Davidson & Stuv6. 

Atlas of Illinois— 11. A. Campbell. 

Atlas of Missouri— R. A. Campbell. 

Atlas of the World— G. W Colton. 

Universal Gazetteer— W. Darby. 

Gazetteer of Korth America and the West 
Indies— B. Davenport. 

The Great West and her Commercial Metro- 
polis— R. Ed war. Is and M. Hopewell. 

Illinois in lf*37— K. L. Ellsworth. 

Geological Report of an Examination of the 
Elevated country between the Missouri 
and Red Rivers— (i. W. Featherstonbaugh. 

Sectional Map of aiissouri— Jno. T. Fiala. 

Statistical Gazetteer of the United States— 
R S. Fisher. 

History and Geography of the Mississippi 
Valley-T. Flint. 

History of 111 nois T. Ford. 

Historical Collections of Louisiana— B. F. 
French. 

Historical Collections of Louisiana and Flor- 
ida— B. F. French. 

History of Louisiana, French Domination — 
C. Gayarre. 

History of Louisiana, Spanish Domination — 
('. liayarre. 

Louisiana, its History as a French Colony — 
C. Gay.irre. 

(Jazetteer of the World— Harper. 

History ol the Valley of the Mississippi— 
A. M. Hart. 

Spanish Conquest in America— Sir A. Helps. 

Annals of America from 1492 to 1826— A. 
Holmes. 

Family Atlas— A. J. Johnson. 

General Atlas— Kitchen. 

Expedition to the Sources of the Missouri 
River— Lewis & Clark. 

Pronouncing Gazetteer— J. B.Lipplncott & Co. 

History of the United States— B. J. Lossiug. 

Universal Gazetteer— J. R. JEcCullough. 

History of Louisiana— B. Martin. 

History of Louisiana— F. X Martin. 

Description of the U. S. with British and 
Spanish Possessions— T. Melish. 

Map of the U. S. with British and Spanish 
Possessions— J. Melish. 

Universal Atlas -S. A. Mitchell. 

History of the Valley of the Mississippi— J. 
W. Monette 

Missouri as it is in ISOT- N. H. Parker. 

History ol the Conspiracy of Pontiac— F. Park- 
man. 

Description of St. Louis— James Parton. 



Gazetteer of Illinois— J. M. Peck. 

Guide for Emigrants to the West— J. M. Peck. 

Annals of the West— J M. Peck. 

History of L,ouisiana, or of the Western Parts 
of Virginia and Carolina— M. LeP. Du 
Pratoz 

Report on the Iron and Coal Fields of Missouri 
— R. Pumpelly. 

Pioneer History of Illinois— John Reynolds. 

Beyond the Mississii)pj— A. D. Richardson. 

History of the U. S. before the Revolution— 
E. Sandford. 

Expedition through the Upper Mississippi— 
H. R. Schoolcraft. 

The North-western Regions of the United 
States— H. R. Schoolcraft. 

Scenes and Adventures in the Ozark Moun- 
tains— H. U. Schoolcraft. 

View of the Lead Mines of Missouri— H. R. 
Schoolcraft. 

Geographical Dictionaiy of the United States 
—J Scott. 

United States Gazetteer— J. Scott. 

Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi 
Valley — T. G. Slu-a 

Earlv History of St. Louis and Missouri— 
E. H. Shepard. 

Harper's Statistical Gazetteer of the World — 
J. C. Sinitii. 

Sketches, Historical and Descriptive of Louis- 
iana— A. Stoddard 

Missouri, First and Second Annual Report of 
Geological Survey- G. C. Swallow. 

Geological Report of "Country along the South- 
west Branch of the Pacitic Railroad — G . C. 
Swallow. 

Geographical and Historical Dictionary of 
America — (i. A. Thompson. 

Atlas of the County of St. Louis— C. T. Ulil- 
mann. 

The War wiMi the Sac and Fox Indians — J. A. 
WakolieM. 

Resources of .Missouri- S. Waterhouse. 

Gazetteer of the State of Missouri. — A. Wet- 
more. 

View of the U. S. and the Eui-opean Settle- 
ments in America and the West Indies — 
AV. Winterbotham. 

Centennial Gazetteer of the United States. 

American Archives, State Papers and other 
Notices of Public Affairs. 

American State Papers, Documents, Legis- 
lative and Executive of the Congress of 
the United States. 

Hunt's Minutes.* 

Journal Historique de I'Etablissement des 
Francais a la Louisiane. 

Livre Terrien.* 

Louisiana, District and Territorial Laws. 

Maps of the Society for the Diffusion of Use- 
ful Ivnow ledge. 

Missit^sippi Valley Fanner. 

Missouri Republican liles since ISOS.f 

Missouri, Report of th.e Board of Public 
Works of the State of. 

Misssouri, Report of the Superintendent of 
Common Schools. 

Missouri Session Acts, Territorial and State, 
from 1812 to 1874.. 

Missouri State Board of Agriculture, Report 
of 

Missouri State Horticultural Society, Pro- 
ceedings of. 



* Mamiscript, on file in U. S. liecorder's office, St. Louis. 

t The thank-s of the Editor are tendered to Messrs. Geo. Knapp <^ Co. for the use of the complete 
files of the llepublican from 1808. 



INDEX TO POST OFFICES. 

Post Offices, in Roman. Local Names, in Italic. * Money Order offices. 



EXPLANATIONS OF FIGURES USED IN THE RAILROAD COLUMN OF tftiS INDEX. 



1 St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern. 

Adnms Express. 
la St. L., I. M. & S.— Belmont Div. Adams. 
lb St. L., I M & S.— Cairo & Poplar Bluff. 

Adams Express. 

2 Atlantic & Paciflc. Adams Express. 
2a Memphis, Carthage & N. W Adams Ex. 
2b St Louis, Salem & Little Rock. Adams. 

3 Missouri Paciflc. U. S. Express. 
3a M. P.— Boonville Branch. U.S. Express. 
3b M. P.— Lexington Branch U.S. Express. 
3c St. L , Lawrence & Western. U. S. Ex. 

4 St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern— 

U S Express 
4a St.L.,K.C&N.— Columbia Br. U S.Ex. 
4b St.L.,K. C. & N.— Northern Br. U. S. Ex. 
4c St.L .K C. & N .— Omaha Br. U. S. Ex. 
4d Keokuk & Kansas City. U. S. Ex. 



5 Missouri, Kansas & Texas. U. S. Ex. 

from Sedalia south-west. Adams Ex. 

5a M.,K &T.— Holden & Paola. U.S. Ex. 

6 Chicago & Alton— Mo. Div. U. S. Exp. 

7 Hannibal & St Joseph American Ex. 
7a H. & St. J —Kansas City Br. Am. Ex. 

8 Miss. Valley & Western. U. S. Exp. 

9 Quiney, Mo & Paciflc. " " 

10 Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska. " " 

11 Burlington & Southwestern. Am. Exp. 
1-2 Chicago, Rock Island & Paciflc. U. S. Ex. 

13 Kansas City, St. J. & C. B. U. S. Ex. 
13a KC St.T. &C B.— ChicagoBr. U. S. Ex. 

14 St. Louis & St. Joseph. U.S. Ex. 

15 St. Louis, Hannibal & Keokuk. U.S.Ex. 
A Mississippi River. 

B Missouri River. 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

A.berdeen, Pike 441 

Abernathy — Longiown, Perry 425 

Acasto, Clark 145 

Agency, Buchanan 14 7^ 

Akron, Harrison 226 

Alamode, Reynolds 47^ 

Alanthus Grove, Gentry 211 

Alba, Jasper 275 

ALBANY, Gentry 212 

Albany — Ray 473 

Albina, Howell 257 

Alexandria, Clark 8, ID cSi A 145 

Alice — Horse Creek — Mule Creek, 

Cedar 127 

Allendale, Worth 647 

AUenton, St. Louis 3 5^2 

Allenville, Cape Girardeau la 105 

Alma, Webster 643 

Almartha, Ozark 415 

Alpha — Nevada, Gx-anAy 222 

Alta Vista, Daviess 188 

Altenburg, Periy,. 425 

ALTON, Oregon 408 

Altona, Bates 56 

Amazonia, Andrew B 13 & 13a 41 

Americus, Montgomery 3^6 

Amity, DeKalb 192 

Anderson, Clinton 162 

Andover, Harrison 226 

Annapolis, Iron 262 

Anson, Clark 146 

Anthony's Mills, Crawford X76 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

Antonia — Jefferson 283 

Appleton — Apple Creek, Cape Girar- 
deau 105 

Appleton City,* St. Clair 5 492 

Arbela, Scotland lO 593 

Arcadia, Iron.... i 262 

Areola— Pleasant Hill-^SorCs Creek, 

Dade i8r 

Argo, Crawford 176 

Arica, DeKalb 192 

Arlington, Phelps 2 435 

Arno, Douglas 198 

Arnold— y9/«^ Eagle, Clay 7a 159 

Arnoldsville, Buchanan 76 

Arrow Rock, Saline B 583 

Ashburn, Pike 44i 

Asherville, Stoddard 608 

Ash Grove, Greene 217 

Ash Hills, Butler ib 85 

Ashland, Boone 69 

Ashley, Pike 441 

Ashton, Clark lo 146 

Asper, Livingston 326 

Astoria, Wright 650 

Athens, Clark 146 

Atlanta, Macon 4b 335 

Auburn, Lincoln 314 

Augusta — Mount Pleasant, 

^ St. Charles B 487 

Aus^Hsta 6'/ff//oM— Boles, Franklin..! 203 

Au'llville, Lafayette 3b 301 

Aurora, Lawrence 2 305 



i6 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

Austin, Cass 121 

Austin, Monroe 5 380 

Auxvasse — Clinton City, Callaway 6 95 

AVA, Douglas 198 

Avalon, Livingston 326 

Avilla, Jasper 275 

Avoca, Jefterson 283 

AvoJa, Vernon b 624 

Avon, Ste. Genevieve 506 

Ayresville, Putnam 461 

Baden — Bellefontaine, St. Louis 4 512 

Bailey — Hanover, Jefferson i 283 

Bailey's Creek, Osage 412 

Baileyville, Carroll II3 

Bainbridge, Clinton 162 

Bairdstown, Sullivan 615 

Baker, St. Clair 492 

Baker's Grove — Fairbanks, Barton.. 54 
Baladan — Blankenship's Mills, 

McDonald 330 

Bald Knob, Taney 618 

Bainown — Little Osage, Vernon.. .b 624 

Ballwin, St. Louis 512 

Bancroft, Daviess 188 

Bandyville, Oregon 408 

Bannock — Enterprise, McDonald... 330 
Barkersville — Cote Sans Dessein, 

Callaway B 95 

Barkley, Marion 7 353 

Barnard, Nodaway ,..l2a 405 

Barnett — Manton, Maries 347 

Barnettsville — Stone House, Morgan 392 

Barneyville — Hickory Cr., Audrain. 49 

Barnsville — Logan's Cr., Reynolds. 478 

Barnumtown, Camden 100 

Barrett, St. Louis 3 512 

Barry, Clay 159 

Barryville, Macon. 335 

Barton City, Barton 54 

Battsville, Carroll 113 

Bauff, Taney 618 

Bay, Gasconade 210 

Beaman — Marlin, Pettis 5 429 

Bear Branch, Linn 319 

Bear Creek — Paynterville, Cedar.... 127 

Bear Creek — Marion 7 353 

Beaufort, Franklin -. 203 

Beaver, Douglas 198 

Beaver Valley, Phelps 2 431 

Beckville, St. Louis 512 

Bedford, Livingston 4c 326 

Bee Creek, Taney 618 

Bee Ridge, Knox 294 

Belew's Creek, Jefferson 284 

Belgrade, Washington 633 

Bel Air, Cooper 173 

Bellefonte, Pulaski 457 

Bellefontaine, St. Louis 512 

Bellefontaine — Washington 633 

Bellefontaine — Baden, St. Louis.. ..4 512 

Belleview, Iron 262 

Belmont, Mississippi la A 373 



Post Office. County. R. R. 

Belton, Cass ic 

Benbow, Marion 

Benjamin, Lewis 

Benton Cr., Dent 2b 

Benton — McClurg, Johnson 5a 

Benton — St. Louis 3 

Benton, Scott 

Benton City, Audrain* 4 

Berger, Franklin 3 

Berlin, Lafayjtte B 

Bertrand, Mississippi ib 

Berwick, Newton 2 

Bessville, Bollinger .la 

BETHANY,* Harrison 

Bethel, Shelby 

Bethpage, McDonald 

Beverly — Round Grove, Macon 7 

Beverly Station, Platte 12 & 13 

Bevier, Macon 7 

Bible Grove, Scotland 

Biehle, Perry 

Bigbee —Cynthiana, Callaway 6 

Big Creek, Texas 

Bigelow, Holt 13 

Big River Mills, St. Francois 

Big Spring, Montgomery 

Billings, Christian 2 

Billingsville, Cooper -. 3a 

Birch Tree, Shannon 

Bird Point — Mississippi lb A 

Bismarck, St. Francois I & la 

Blackjack, St. Louis 

Black Oak, Caldwell 

Black Oak Point, Hickory 

Blackwell, Macon 4b 

Blackwell Station, St. Francois i 

Blankenship' s Mills — Baladan, 

McDonald 

Bliss, Miller- 

Block's Mills — Shivelton, Platte... 13 

Blodgett, Scott la 

Bloomfield, Stoddard 

Blooming Rose, Phelps 

Blooniington — DeKalb, 

Buchanan 12 

Bloomington, Macon 

Blooniington — Lane's Pr., Maries.... 

Bloomsdale, Ste. Genevieve 

Blue Eagle — Arnold, Clay 7a 

Blue Eye, Stone 

Blue Mill, Jackson 

Blue Mound — Mound Cr., lAwmgsion 

Blue Ridge, Harrison 

Blue Springs, Jackson 

Bluffton, Montgomery B 

Boeger's Stoe, Osage 

Bceuf Creek, Franklin 

Bogard, Henry 

Bogard Mound, Carroll 

Bois d' Arc, Greene 

Bolckow, Andrew 13a 

Boles — Augusta Station, Franklin,.3 



Page. 
121 

353 
309 
19s 
290 
512 
597 
49 
203 
301 

373 
401 

64 
226 
603 
330 
335 
447 
335 
593 
425 

95 
620 

237 
499 
386 

139 
^IZ 
600 

373 

499 

512 

90 

234 
336 
500 

330 
368 

447 
597 
608 

435 

76 
336 
348 
506 

159 
611 
268 
326 
227 
268 
386 
412 
203 
231 
114 
217 

41 
203 



J^'For explanations seepage 15. 



INDEX TO POST OFFICES. 



17 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

BOLIVAR* Polk 345 

Bollinger's Mill, Bollinger 42 

Bolton, Harrison 672 

Bond's Mines, Morgan 392 

Bonfils' Station, St. Louis 4 512 

Bonhomme, St. Louis 5^2 

Bonnofs Mills — Dauphine, 

Osage 3B 412 

Boonsborough, Howard 252 

BOONVILLE,* Cooper... 3a, 5 & B 173 

Bontear, St. Francois 500 

Bourbon, Crawford 177 

Bower's Mills— Zyow, Lawrence 305 

Bower's Store, Gentry 212 

BOWLING GREEN, Pike 6 442 

Bowmansville — Medicine, Sullivan.. 615 

Boxford, De Kalb 192 

Boyd, Dallas 184 

Boyler's Mill, Morgan 392 

Bradleyville, Taney 618 

Brashears — Paulville, Adair 9 35 

Brazito, Cole 167 

Breckenridge, Caldwell 7 90 

Breckenridge — Randolph 469 

Bridge Creek, Carroll 114 

Bridgeport — Buchanan 76 

Bridgeport, Warren 627 

Bridgeton, St. Louis 4 512 

Bridgewater, Nodaway 13a 405 

Brighton, Polk 4';3 

Brighton Mills, Jefferson 284 

Brookfield,* Linn 7 319 

Brookline — Little York, Greene.... 2 217 

Brooklyn, Harrison 227 

Brosley, Cass 121 

Brotherton, St. Louis 4B 512 

Browning, Linn n 320 

Brown's, Boone 4a 69 

Brownsville* — Siveet Springs, 

Saline 3b 584 

Brumley — Mill Creek — Thompson's 

Store, Miller 369 

Brunot, Wayne , 639 

Brunswick,* Chariton 4 & 4c B 134 

Brush Creek, Laclede 2 297 

Bryan, Saline 6 95 

Bryant, Callaway 95 

Buchanan, Bollinger 64 

Buckland's, Phelps 2 435 

Bucklin, Linn 7 320 

BUFFALO,* Dallas 185 

Buffington, Stoddard ib 608 

Bufordsville, Cape Girardeau 105 

Buhlsville, Gentry 212 

Bull's Mills, Christian 139 

Bunceton, Cooper 3a 173 

Bunker Hill, Myers, Howard 252 

Bunker Hill, Lewis 309 

Bunker, North View, Webster 2 643 

Burbois, Gasconade 210 

Burdett, Bates 57 

Burlington, Boone 69 

Burnett' s St' n— WaWs Store, Johnson 290 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page, 

Burr Oak, Harrison 227 

Burr Oak Valley — Robinson's Mill, 

Lincoln 3 '4 

Burton, Howard 5 252 

Bushberg, Jefferson I A 284 

Bush's, Boone Afi- 69 

BUTLER,* Bates 57 

Buttsville, Grundy 222 

Bynumville, Chariton 134 

Byrne, Osage 412 

Byrne's Mill, Jefferson 284 

Cadet, Washington I 633 

Cainsville, Harrison 227 

Cairo, Randolph 4b 4^9 

Caldwell, Woodland, Marion 7 353 

Caledonia, Washington 633 

Calhoun, Henry 5 231 

CALIFORNIA*, Moniteau 3 376 

Callao.Macon 7 Z2>^ 

Callaway, Callaway 6 95 

Calumet, Pike 442 

Calvey, Franklin 203 

Calvey — Robertsville, Franklin 2 204 

Cambridge, Saline B 584 

Camden, Ray 4^ 473 

Camden Point, Platte 12 447 

Cameron,* Clinton 7, 12 and 7a 162 

Campbellton, Franklin 204 

Canaan, Gasconade ... 210 

Cane Hill, Cedar 127 

Caney Creek, Scott la 597 

Canton * Lewis 8 A 309 

Cap au Gris, Lincoln A 314 

CAPE GIRARDEAU* A 105 

Caplinger's Mills — Sackville, Cedar 127 

Cappelen, St. Charles 487 

Capps CrQek,yollifuation, Newton.. 401 

Caput, Barton 54 

Carbon, Macon 7 33^ 

Carbon U.i\\— Clear Fork, ]o\m%on.Z 290 

Carondelct-^o?///^ St. Louis, St. Louis 513 

Carpenter's Store, Clinton 163 

Carrington, Callaway 6 95 

CARROLLTON,* Carroll 4 "4 

Carrsville, Henry 231 

CARTHAGE,* Jasper 2a 275 

Caruthersvilie, Pemiscot A 418 

Casco, Franklin 204 

Case, Laclede 297 

CASSVILLE, Barry 52 

Castle, Andrew 4^ 

Castle Rock, Osage 412 

Casto, Texas 620 

Castor, Bollinger 64 

Castorville, Stoddard 608 

Catawba, Caldwell 9° 

Catawissa, Franklin 2 204 

Cave Pump, Camden 100 

Cave Springs, Greene 218 

Cedar Bluff, Texas 620 

Cedar City, Callaway 6 B 96 

Cedar Creek, Taney- 618 

Cedar Fork, Franklin 204 



i8 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 



Post Office. County. R. R. 

Cedar Hill, Jefferson 

Cedarville, Dade 

Celina, Dent 

Centerville, Saline 

Central, St. Louis 

Central City, Putnam 

Centralia, Boone 4 &4a 

Centre, Ralls 

Centre Creek — Oronogo, Minersville, 

Jasper 2a 

Centre Town, Cole 3 

Centre View, Johnson.. 3 

CENTERVILLE, Reynolds 

Centreville, Cedar 

Chain of Rocks, Lincoln 

Chalk Level, St. Clair 

Chalybeate, Johnson 

Chalybeate Springs — Paris Springs, 

Lawrence 

Chambersburg, Clark 

Chambersville, Jasper 

Chamois, Osage 3 B 

Chantilly, Lincoln 

Chapel, Howell 

Chapel Grove, Greene 

Chapel Hill, Lafavette 

CHARLESTON,'Miss la & ib 

Cheltenham, St. Louis 3 

Cherry Box, Shelley 

Cherry Grove-/)(?t<:'«zM^,Schuyler. 10 

Cherry vi lie. Craw ford 

Chesapeak , Law rence 

Chestnut Grove, Bates 

Chestnut Ridge, Ste Genevieve 

Chilhowee, Johnson 

CHILLICdTHE,* Liv'gn....4c & 7 
City Bluff — IJulsa's Ferry, Nodaway 
City Point — East Leavenworth, 

Platte 13 B 

Civil Bend, Daviess 

Clapper, Monroe 5 

Claremont, Nodaway 

Clarence,''* Shelliy 7 

Clark, Randolph '....4 

Clark City, Clark 10 

Clarksburgh —Moniteau, Moniteau.3 

Clark's P'ork, Cooper 

Clarksville, Pike A 

Clarkton, Dunklin 

Claiysville, Peri7 A 

Clay, Clark 

Claysville, Boone 

Claysville — Prospect Hill — Clay 

Clayton, Vernon e 

Clayt onville — Greenville, Clay 

Cleopatra, Mercer 

Clear Creek, Cooper 

Clear Fork — Carbon Hill, Johnson 3 

Clear Spring — Lel)eck, Cedar 

Clear View, Sullivan 

Clearwater, Wayne i 

Cliff" Cave, St. Louis i A 



Page. Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

284 Clifton — Warm Fork, Oregon 408 

181 Clifton, Schuyler 588 

196 Clifton Hill, Randolph 4 469 

584 Cliffy Dale, Maries 348 

513 CLINTON,* Henry 5 231 

461 Clinton — Somerset — Monroe 380 

69 Clinton City — Auxvasse, Callaway 6 96 

466 Clinton's Mills, Crawford 177 

Clintonville, Cedar 127 

276 Clover Bottom, Franklin 204 

167 Cloverdale, Benton 61 

290 Coatsville, Schuyler 4b 588 

478 Coffeysburg — 5'a/^OT, Daviess 189 

127 Coldwater, Wayne 639 

314 Cole Camp, Benton 61 

492 Colemanville, Carter 11& 

290 Coleville, Bates 57 

Colfax, Sullivan 615 

305 College Mound, Macon 336 

146 College View, St. Louis- 4 513 

276 Collins, St. Clair 492 

412 Colman, St. Louis 51^ 

314 Coloma, Carroll 114 

257 Colony, Knox 294 

218 COLUMBIA, *Boone 4a 69 

301 Columbus, Jcjhnson 290 

373 COMMERCE, *Scott A 597 

513 Competition — Newburg — Laclede... 297 

603 Conception, Nodaway 405 

588 Concord, Callaway 96 

177 Concordia, Lafayette 3b 301 

305 Conner's Mills, Cooper 174 

57 Consville, Hemy 232 

506 Converse, Clinton 14 163 

290 Conway, Laclede 2 297 

326 Coon Cr. — Midway — Dublin, Barton 54 

405 Cooper PI ill, Osage 412 

Cornelia, Johnson 290 

447 Cornersville, Hickoiy 234 

188 Corning, Holt 13 B 237 

380 Cornwall, Madison .la 342 

405 Corsicana — Gadfly — Barry 52 

603 Corso, Lincoln 314 

469 Cote Sans Dessein — Barkersville — 

146 Callaway B 96 

376 Cottleville, St. Charles 487 

174 Cotton Hill, Dunklin 200 

442 Cotton Plant, Dunklin 200 

200 Cottonwood, Mercer 12 362 

425 Cottonwood Point, Pemiscot A 419 

146 Cove City, Bates 57 

69 Crab Orchard — Elk Horn — Ray 473 

159 Craig, Holt 13 238 

624 Cream Ridge, Livingston 327 

159 Crescent Hill, Gates 57 

362 Creve Coeur, St. Louis 513 

174 Crigler's Mills, Ralls, 466 

290 Crittenden, Daviess 189 

127 Crocker, Pulaski 2 457 

615 Crooked Creek — Lentner, Shelby... 7 603 

639 Cress Plains — Woodhill, Dallas 185 

513 Cross Roads — Rock Prairie, Dade... 181 



JIS'For explanations see page 15. 



INDEX TO POST OFFICES. 



19 



Poit Office. County. R. R. Page. 

Cross Roads, Iron 262 

Cross Timbers, Hickory 234 

Ci-ystal City, Jefferson A 284 

Cuba, Crawford 2 & 2b 177 

Cuivre, Lincoln 314 

Cunningham, Chariton 4c 134 

Curran, Stone 611 

Current River, Shannon 600 

Curryville, Pike 6 443 

Cynthiana — Bigbee, Callaway 96 

Dadeville — Melville, Dade 182 

Dalhoff, St. Charles 487 

Dallas, Webster.. 643 

Dalton, Chariton 4 134 

DANVILLE, Montgomery 386 

Dardenne — St. Peters, St. Charles. .4 487 

Darksville, Randolph 469 

Dauphine-i9y««o/'jil/?7/5,Osage,3 B 412 

Davenport, Dade 182 

Dawn, Livingston 327 

Dayton, Cass 121 

Dayton — Racine, Newton 2 401 

De Bruin, Pulaski 457 

Decaturville, Camden loo 

Deerfield, Vernon 5 624 

Deer Ridge, Levi'is,. 309 

DeKalb — Bloo>nington,'2>MQ}s\z.n2in 12 76 

DeLassus, St. Franpois la 500 

Delaware Town, Christian 139 

Dell Delight, Benton 61 

Delta, Cape Girardeau la 107 

Dent's Station, St. rran9ois i 500 

Denver — Fairview, Worth 647 

Des Arc, Iron I 262 

Des Moines City — Gregory's 

Landing, Clark 8 A 146 

Des Peres, St. Louis 513 

De Soto, Jefferson i 284 

De Witt,* Carroll 4 B 114 

Dexter City, Stoddard ib 608 

Diamond City, Jasper 276 

Dick, Lafayette 301 

Dick's Creek, Dallas 185 

Diehlstadt, Scott la 597 

Dillon, Phelps 2 435 

Dittmer's Store, Jefferson 284 

Dixon, Pulaski 2 457 

riolles Mills, Bollinger 64 

DONIPHAN, Ripley 480 

Dorchester, Greene 2 218 

Douglas, Genti7 212 

Dover, Lafayette 301 

Downing-Cherry Grove, Schuyler, 10 588 

Doylesport, Barton 54 

Doyleston, St. Clair 492 

Drake, Gasconade 210 

Dresden, Pettis 3 429 

Dripping Springs, Boone 71 

Dry Branch, Franklin 2 204 

Dry Creek, Crawford 177 

Dryden, Lincoln 314 

Drywood, Vernon 624 

Dublin — Coon Creek, Barton 54 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

Dudley, Stoddard ib 608 

Duncan, Webster 643 

Duncan Creek, Vernon 624 

Dundas, Pulaski 457 

Dundee — New Port, Franklin.. .3 B 204 
Dunkle's Store — Lawrenceburg, 

Lawrence 306 

Dunksburg — Sigel, Pettis 429 

Durgen's Creek, Lewis 8 309 

Durham, Lewis 9 309 

Duroc, Benton 61 

Dutchtown — Hendricksville, Ca-^e G. 107 

Dutzow, Warren 627 

Dykes, Texas 620 

Eagle, Harrison 227 

JEast Leavenworth — City Point, 

Platte 13 B 447 

East Lynne, Cass 5a 121 

Easton, Buchanan 7 76 

Eaton, Cedar 127 

Ebenezer, Greene 218 

Economy — Vienna, Macon 336 

Edgar Springs, Phelps 435 

Edge Hill, Reynolds 478 

Edgerton, Platte .....12 447 

EDINA,* Knox 9 294 

Edinburgh, Grundy 222 

Egypt Mills, Cape Girardeau 108 

Eldorado — Liiray, Clark 10 146 

Elizabethtown — Indian Cr., Monroe. 380 

Elk City— Elk Mills, McDonald 330 

Elk Creek, Texas 620 

Elkhart, Bates 57 

Elk Head, Christian 139 

£lk Horn — -Crab Orchard, Ray 473 

Elkland, Webster 643 

Elk WxWi—Elk City, McDonald 330 

Elkton, Hickory 234 

Elleardsville, St. Louis 513 

Ellenorah, Gentry 212 

Elliottsville, Monroe 380 

Ellisville, St. Louis 513 

Ellsworth, Texas 620 

Elm Grove — Forbes, YioXl 13 238 

Elm Point, St. Charles 4 488 

Elm Tree — Keysville, Crawford 177 

Elm Wood, Saline 584 

El Paso, Barry 52 

Elston Station, Cole 3 167 

Ely, Marion 7 353 

Embr/s — Hickory Cr., Grundy... 12 223 

Emerson — Excello, Macon 4b 336 

Emerson, Marion A, 5 & 15 353 

EMINENCE, Shannon 600 

Empire Prairie, Andrew 41 

Engleman's Mills, Dade 182 

Enterprise — Northcott, Linn 320 

Enterprise — Bannock, McDonald.... 330 

Erie, McDonald 330 

Essex, Stoddard ib 608 

Estill, Howard 5 252 

Etlah, Franklin 3 B 204 

Etna, Scotland 593 



20 



CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

Ettieville, Gentiy 212 

Eudora, Nodaway 401; 

Euj^ene City — IVakanda, Carroll. ..4 1 14 

Eureka, Boone B 71 

Eureka, Perry 425 

Eureka, St. Louis 3 513 

Evansville — Mill Grove, Monroe... 5 380 

Eveline — I/all, Buchanan 13 77 

Everett, Cass 122 

Excello — Emerson, Macon 4I) 336 

Excelsior, Morgan 392 

Eairhanks — Baker's Grove, Barton.. 54 

Eair Dealing, Ripley 480 

Fairfield, Benton 61 

Fair Grove, Greene 218 

Fairmount, Clark 146 

Fair Play , Miller 369 

Fair Play, Pulk 453 

Fairport, DeKalb 192 

Fairview, St. Louis 3 513 

Fairvie-M — Denver, Worth 647 

Fairville, Saline 584 

Falling Springs, Douglas 198 

Falmouth, Lincoln A 314 

Farber, Audrain 6 49 

Farley, Platte 447 

Farmersville, Livingston 327 

FARMINGTON,* St. Fran9ois 500 

FAVETTE,* Howard 5 252 

Fayetteville — Hazel Hill, Johnson... 290 

Fee Fee — Pattoti's Sfore, St. Louis... 513 

Femme Osage, St. Charles 488 

Fenton, St. Louis 513 

Ferguson, St. Louis 4 513 

Fidelity, Jasper 276 

Fillmore, Andrew 41 

Fire Prairie, Jackson 268 

Flag Springs, Andrew 41 

Flat Creek, Barry 52 

Flat River, St. Fran5oi&i 500 

Flat Wood, Phelps 435 

Flint Hill, St. Charles 488 

Florence, Morgan 392 

Florida, Monroe , 381 

Florissant, St. Louis 514 

Floyd's Creek, Adair 36 

Foote Station — Rayville, Ray .14 473 

Forbes — Elm Grove, Holt 13 238 

Forest City,* Holt 13 238 

Forest Green, Chariton 4d 134 

Foristell— i^Z/y^z//^, Snow Hill, 

St. Charles 4 488 

Forkner's Hill, Dallas 186 

Fort Henry, Randolph 469 

Fort Lynn, Benton 62 

FORSYTHE, Taney 618 

Fountain Grove, Linn 7 320 

Fourche a Renault, Washington 634 

Four Mile, Dunklin ,. 200 

Fox — Russellville, Ray 473 

Fox Creek, St. Louis 514 

Frankford, Pike 15 443 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

Franklin — Pacific, Franklin. ..2 & 3 204 

Franklin — North Side, Howard. .5 B 253 

Franks, Pulaski 2 457 

Frankville — New Franklin, Howeli. 257 
Frazer — Jordan, Rockhouse, Prairie, 

Buchanan 14 77 

Fredericksburgh, Osage 412 

Fredericksburgh — New Garden, Ray 473 
FREDERICKTOWN,* 

Madison la 342 

Fredie, Butler 85 

Freedom, Lafayette 301 

I'rccland, Carter 118 

I'reeman — Alorristown, Cass 5a 122 

French Village, St. Fran9ois 500 

Friendship Community, Dallas 185 

Frohna, Perry 425 

Frumet, Jefferson 284 

FULTON, Callaway 6 96 

Gadjly — Corsicana, Bariy 52 

Gad's Hill, Wayne i 639 

Gaines' Farm, Henrv 232 

GAINESVILLE, Ozark 416 

Galbraith's Store, Henry 232 

GALENA, Stone 611 

Galesburg, Jasper 276 

GALLATIN,* Daviess 12 189 

Gallagher — Montserratt, Johnson... 3 290 

Gallaway Station, Osage 412 

Gamble, St. Louis 4 514 

Garden Grove, Ralls 466 

Garrettsburgh, Buchanan 77 

Garrett's Mill, Benton 62 

Gasconade City, Gasconade B 3 210 

Gasconade Ferry, Gasconade 2IO 

Gates, McDonald 331 

Gatewood, Ripley 480 

GAYOSO, Pemiscot A 419 

Georgia City, Jasper '. 276 

Georgetown, Pettis 3b 429 

Georgeville, Ray 473 

Germantown,* Henry 232 

Gentryville, Gentry 212 

Ghermanville, Iron 262 

Gibsonville, Newton 401 

Gilead, Lewis 309 

Gillis Bluff, Butler 85 

Gilmore, St. Charles 4 488 

Givensville, McDonald 331 

Glaize City, Camden 100 

Glasgow,* Howard 4d B 253 

Glen Allen, Bollinger la 64 

Glencoe, St. Louis 3 514 

Glendale, St. Louis 3 514 

Glenwood, Jefferson I 284 

Glenwood, Schuyler 4b 588 

Goff's Creek, Stone 611 

Goffsville, Buchanan 77 

Golden City, Barton 54 

Gooch's Mills, Cooper 174 

Goodland, Knox 294 

Good Water, Iron 262 



MS'X'or explanations see page 15. 



INDEX TO POST OFFICES. 



Post Office. County. R. R- P^Se- 

Goose Neck, Hickory 234 

Gordonsville, Cape Girardeau 108 

Gordonville, Livingston 327 

Goshen, Mercer 3^2 

Gosneyville— Pairrti/w.?, Clay I59 

Gower, Clinton 14 ^63 

Grangerville, Wayne 639 

Graham, Nodaway 4^5 

Granby,* Newton 4°! 

Granby City, Newton 2 401 

Grant, Holt 238 

GRANT CITY,* Worth 647 

Grant's, St. Louis 3 SH 

Grant's Hill, Ste. Genevieve 506 

Grantville, Linn 320 

Granville, Monroe 3^1 

Gravel Point, Texas 620 

Gravelton, Wayne 639 

Gravois Mills, Morgan 392 

Graysonville, Clinton .....12 163 

Gray's Point, Lawrence 3°^ 

Gray's Ridge, Stoddard 608 

Gray's Summit, Franklin 3 204 

Greasy — Middle Fabius, Scotland... 593 

Green Castle, Sullivan 615 

GREENFIELD,* Dade 182 

Greenfield— ^\xA\\\\q, Miss lb A 373 

• Greenleaf, DeKalb 192 

Green Ridge, Pettis 5 429 

Greensburgh, Knox 294 

Green's Ferry, Cape Girardeau.... A 108 

Greenton, Lafayette 3°! 

Greentop, Schuyler 4b 589 

Greenville — Claytonville, Clay 159 

GREENVILLE, Wayne 639 

Greenwood, Jackson 3 268 

Gregory's Landing — Des Moines 

City, Clark 8 A 146 

Griffin, Schuyler 4^^ & 1° 5^9 

Grinnell, Grundy 223 

Grove Springs, Wright 650 

Grubbtown, Grundy 223 

Grubville, Franklin 204 

Guilford, Nodaway 4^5 

Gunn City, Cass S^ 122 

Gunter's Big Spring, Camden loi 

Hager's Grove, Shelby 603 

Hainesville, Clinton 7a 163 

Half Rock, Mercer 3^3 

Halfway, Polk 453 

/r<z//— Eveline, Buchanan 77 

Halleck — Taos, Buchanan 77 

i%//<?r— Sheridan, Ray 14 473 

Hallsville — Hickman, Boone 4a 71 

Halsa's Ferry — City Bluff, Nodaway. 405 

Hamburg, St. Charles B 488 

Hamburg — St. Lawrence, ?>co\.i 598 

Hamilton, Caldwell 7 9° 

Hamptonville — Sampson Creek, 

Harrison 227 

Hancock— Iron Summit, Pulaski... 2 457 

Hannibal,* Marion A 7 353 

Hanover — Bailey, Jefferson ....I 284 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

Happy Valley, Harrison 227 

Hardin, Lewis 8 309 

Hardin, Ray ' 4 473 

Harlem, Clay 13. 4 & 7aB 159 

Harmony— Webster, Washington... . 634 

Harrisburgh, Boone... 7' 

Harrison's Mills, Crawford I77 

HARRISONVILLE,* Cass.. 5a 122 

Plarriston, Cooper 5 ^74 

Hartford, Putnam 4^1 

HARTVILLE, Wright 650 

Hassard, Ralls 5 400 

Havana, Gentry 212 

Havens, Lawrence 3°" 

Haw Creek, Benton 62 

Hawk Point, Lincoln 3H 

Hazel Green, Laclede 297 

Hazel Hill, Fayetteville, Johnson.... 290 

Hazel Run, St. Francois 5°° 

Hazelwood, Webster • 643 

Hazle Barrons, Barry 52 

Heaton, Lawrence 3°^ 

Heiinsath's .S/^jr^ — Lake Creek, 

Benton 62 

Hematite, Jefferson I 284 

Henderson, Webster 643 

HenJrirkson — Reeves Station, 

Butler lb 85 

Hendricksville — Dutchtown, Cape 

Girardeau ^0° 

Henrietta — Henry, Ray 4 & 14 474 

Uexixy— Henrietta, Ray 4 & 14 474 

Henson, Mississippi la 373 

Herdsville, Barry 52 

HERMANN,* Gasconade 3b 210 

HERMITAGE, Hickory 234 

Herndon, Saline 5^4 

Hester, Marion 35^ 

Heth, Douglas 198 

Hibernia-HoVCs Summit, Callaway 6 97 

/r^/<:/6wa«— Hallsville, Boone 4a 71 

Hickman's Mills, Jackson 268 

Hickory Barren, Greene 218 

Hickory Cr.— Barneyville, Audrain. 49 
Hickory O'.— Embry's, Grundy.. .12 223 

Hickory Hill, Cole 168 

Hickory Ridge, Cape Girardeau 108 

Hickory S-^nwg—Mountaitt Grove, 

Wright 650 

Hickory Springs, Texas 620 

Hick's City, Jackson 268 

Higbee, Randolph 5 4^9 

Higginsville, Lafayette 3b 301 

High Camp, Srone 61 1 

High Grove, Maries 348 

High Hill,* Montgomery 4 386 

li\gh\z.nA—McGitks, Moniteau... .3 377 

Highlandville, Christian I39 

High Point, Moniteau 376 

High Point, Sullivan 615 

High Prairie, Webster 643 

High Ridge, Jefferson 284 

HILLSBOROUGH, Jefferson 284 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 



Post Office. County. R. R. 

Hill's LandiiiiT, Carroll B 

Hitt, Scotland' 

Hiwassie, Orcj^un 

Hogan MouiUain, Iron I 

Holbrook, Putnam n 

Holden,^ Johnson 3 & 5a 

Holman's Store, Warren 

Hollyday, Monroe 5 

Holstein, Warren 

Holt, Clay 7a 

Holt's Summit-//;^cr«/rt,Callaway 6 

Homer, Atchison 

Honej, Mercer 

Honey Creek — South West City, 

McDonald 

Honey Grove, Worth 

Hopewell, Warren 

Hopewell Furnace, Washington....! 

Hopkins, Nodaway 13a 

Horine Station, Jefferso» i 

Hornersville, Dunklin 

Horse Creek — Nrwpo t, Barton 

Horse Creek — Alice, Cedar 

House's Spring, Jefferson 

Houghs, Mississippi ib 

HOUSTON, Texas 

Houstonia, Pettis 3b 

Howard's Mill, St. Clair 

Howes, Dent 

Howe's Mill, Dent 

Howland — Mendota, Putnam 1 1 

Hudson, Bates 

Hudson City, Worth 

Hugginsville, Gentry 

Hughes, Nodaway 

Hughesville, Pettis 3b 

Hull's Point, Ray 

Humansville, Polk 

Hunnewell, Shelby 7 

Huntingdale, Henry 

HUNTSVILLE * Randolph 4 

Hurdland, Knox 9 

Hutton Valley, Howell , 

latan, Platte 13b 

Iberia — Oakhurst, Miller '. 

Iconium, St. Clair 

Illinois — Isle au Bois, Jefferson i 

INDEPENDENCE,* Jackson 3 

Indian Q.x'V— Elizabethtown, Monroe 

Ionia City, Pettis 

Irish Grove — Milton, Atchison 

Irondale,* Washington i 

Iron Mountain, St. Fran9ois i 

Iron Ridge, Crawford 2 

Iron Summit — Hancock, Pulaski.. .2 

Iron Switch, Newton 2 

IRONTON,* Iron i 

Isabella, Ozark 

Isadora, Worth 

Island City, Gentry 

Isle au Bois — Illinois, Jefferson i 

Ivory, St. Louis i A 



Page. Post Office. Cou7ity. R. R. Page. 

114 JACKSON, Cape Girardeau 108 

593 yackson, Sullivan 615 

408 Jackson Station, iJaviess 4c 189 

262 Jackson's Corners — yacksonville, 

461 Sullivan n 615 

291 Jacksonville, Randolph 4b 469 

627 yacksonville — Jackson's Corners, 

381 .Sullivan n 615 

627 Jake's Prairie, Crawford 177 

159 Japan, Franklin 204 

97 James Bayou — St. yatnes, Miss... .A 373 

45 Jameson, Daviess 4c 189 

363 Jamesport, Daviess 12 189 

Jamestown, Moniteau 377 

331 Jasper, Jasper 2a 277 

647 Jeanette — IVallace, Buchanan 12 77 

628 ye^erson, Jefferson i 285 

634 Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis lA 514 

405 JEFFERSON CITY,* Cole 3B 168 

284 Jeffriesburg, Franklin 204 

200 Jenkins Creek, Jasper 277 

54 Jennings Station, St. Louis 4 514 

127 Jericho, Laclede 297 

285 Jerome, Phelps 2 435 

373 Jobe, Oregon 408 

620 John's Branch, Audrain 49 

430 Johnson City — Monegaw, St. Clair... 493 

493 yohnson's Mills, Vi'^AQ 182 

196 yohnson's Mills, 'L.^v/x&ncQ 306 

196 Johnstown, Bates 57 

461 yollification — Capps Creek, Newton 401 

57 Jonesboro, Saline 584 

647 Jonesburgh, Montgomery 4 386 

212 Jones' Tan Yard, Callaway 97 

406 Jonesville, Cass 122 

430 Joplin City, Jasper 277 

474 yordan — Frazer, Buchanan 77 

453 Jordan, Scotland 593 

603 yudysGap — Quincy, Hickory 234 

232 KAHOKA, Clark 10 146 

469 Kansas City,* Jackson B, 3,4, 7 & 13 269 

294 Kaolin, Iron 262 

257 Kaseyville, Macon 336 

447 Kearney, Clay 7a 159 

369 Keetsville — Washburn , Barry 52 

493 , Keightley''s,^^\.'i\?, 5 430 

285 KENNETT, Dunklin 200 

268 Kent, Crawford 2 177 

381 Kent, Newton 401 

430 Kenton — Zm«V«, Christian 139 

45 Kerbyville, Taney 618 

634 KEYTESVILLE,* Chariton »4 134 

500 Keytesville Landing, Chariton B 135 

177 Kidder, Caldwell 7 91 

457 Kiddridge, Osage 412 

401 Kiddville, Sullivan 615 

262 Kmimswick, Jefferson i A 285 

416 King City, Gentry 212 

647 King's Point, Dade 182 

212 KINGSTON,* Caldwell 91 

285 Kingstort Furnace, Washington....;.. 634 

514 Kingsville — Rainey, Johnson 3 291 



JiS'For explanations seepage 15. 



INDEX TO POST OFFICES. 



23 



Post Office. County, R.R- Page. 

KIRKSVILLE * Adair 4b & 9 3^ 

Kirkwood, St. Louis 3 SH 

Knights, Jasper. 2a 277 

Knob Lick, St. Fran9ois la 500 

Knobnoster, Johnson 3 291 

Knob View, Crawford 2 177 

Knox QXty— Myrtle, Knox 9 294 

Knoxville, Ray ... 474 

Koehztown, Osage 4^2 

Konoko, Holt 238 

Krakow, Franklin 204 

Kreizel's Mill, Benton 62 

Kysville—YXm. Tree, C.awford 177 

Labadie, Franklin 3 204 

La Belle, Lewis 9 309 

Laclede,* Linn 7& U 320 

Laclede Station, St. Louis 3 $15 

Lacon, Maries 34^ 

Ladonia, Audrain 6 49 

La Due, Henry 5 232 

Laflin, Bollinger la 64 

La Grange,* Lewis 8 A 310 

Lake, St. Louis 5*5 

Lake Creek — Heimsath's Store, 

Benton 62 

Lake House, St. Louis 5*5 

Lakenan, Shelby ^^ 603 

Lake Spring, Dent 196 

Lake Station, Buchanan 13 77 

Lakeville, Stoddard 608 

LAMAR,* Barton 54 

Lamir's Station, Nodaway 406 

La Mine, Cooper I74 

Lamonte, Pettis 3 43° 

LANCASTER,* Schuyler 10 589 

Lane's Prairie — Bloomington, Maries 348 

La Plata,* Macon 4b 336 

La Porte — Ten Mile, Macon 336 

Lathrop, Clinton 7a & 14 163 

Lawrenceburg — Dunkle's Store, 

Lawrence 3°^ 

Lawson, Washington I 634 

Lawson Station, Ray 14 474 

Laynesville, Saline B 584 

Leasburg, Crawford 2 177 

LEBANON,* Laclede 2 297 

Lebeck — Clear Springs, Cedar 127 

Lee's Summit,* Jackson 3 271 

Leesville, Henry 232 

Lentner — Crooked Creek, Shelby. ... 7 603 

Le Roy, Audrain 49 

Le Roy, Barton 54 

Lesterville, Reynolds 478 

Levick's Mills, Randolph 469 

Lewis Station, Heniy 5 232 

Lewiston, Lewis 9 310 

LEXINGTON,* Lafayette 3b B 301 

LIBERTY,* Clay 7a 159 

Liberty Landing, Clay 4 B 160 

Libertville, St. Fran9ois 501 

Licking, Texas 620 

Lick Valley, Ozark 4*6 

Lincoln, Benton 62 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

Lincolnville, Pettis 43° 

Linden — Kenton, Christian 139 

Lindersville, Adair 38 

Lindley, Grundy 223 

Lineville, Mercer 12 363 

Linn — New Salem, Lincoln 314 

LINN, Osage 412 

LINN CREEK,* Camden loi 

LINNEUS,* Linn II 320 

Linn's Mills, Lincoln 314 

Linwood, Osage 4*2 

Lint Dale, Pemiscot.. A 419 

Lisbon, Howard B 253 

Lisbon — Napoleon, Lafayette B 302 

Lisbonville, Ray 474 

Little Beaver, Douglas 198 

Little Berger, Gasconade 210 

Little Black, Ripley 480 

Little Blue, Jackson 3 271 

Littleby, Audrain 49 

Little Compton, Carroll 114 

Little Gravois, Miller 369 

Little Maramec, Franklin 204 

Little Osage — Balltotvn, Vernon 624 

Little Finey— Ozark, Phelps 2 436 

Little Fory^-Brookline Sta. Greene.2 218 

Livonia, Putnam 461 

Lock Springs, Daviess 4c 189 

Locust Hill, Knox 294 

Locust Mound, Miller 369 

Lodi, Newton 40* 

Logan, Lawrence 2 306 

Logan's Cr'k — Barnsville, Reynolds 478 

London, Atchison 45 

Lone Cedar, Crawford.. 177 

Lone Elm, Cooper I74 

Lone Jack, Jackson 271 

Lone Oak, Bales 57 

Long Branch, Monroe 381 

Long Lane, Dallas 186 

Long's Mills, Stone 6ll 

Longtown — Abernathy, Perry 425 

Longwood, Pettis 43° 

ZcowjV^z'.— Tribulation, McDonald. 331 

Loose Creek, Osage 4*2 

Lost Branch — Neneveh, Lincoln 314 

Lost Camp, Howell 257 

Loughboro, St. Fran9ois la 501 

Louisburgh — Round Prairie, Dallas 186 

Louisiana,* Pike 6 A 443 

Louisville, Lincoln 3*4 

Loutre Island, Montgomery B 386 

Love Lake City, Macon 4b 336 

Lowell, St. Louis 5*5 

Lowndes, Wayne 639 

Lowry City, St. Clair 493 

Low Wassie, Oregon 408 

Lucas, Heniy 232 

/,«ra;/— Eldorado, Clark 10 146 

Luteston, Nodaway 4°^ 

Lutesville, Bollinger '.... la 64 

Luther, Franklin 204 

Lyon, Clinton - 14 163 



24 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

Lyons — Bower's Mills, Lawrence.... 306 

Mabry's Ferry, Stone 6n 

McCartney's Cross Road, De Kalb.. 192 

McClurjT — Benton, Johnson 5a 29I 

McCredie, Callaway 6 97 

McCullough, Sullivan II 615 

McDowell, Barry 52 

McGirks — Highland, Moniteau 3 377 

Mack's Creek, Camden • lOl 

MACON CITY,* Macon 4b & 7 336 

Madison, Monroe 5 381 

Madisonville, Ralls 466 

Magnolia, Moniteau 377 

Malta Bend, Saline 584 

Manchester, St. Louis 515 

Mandeville, Carroll. II4 

Alanlins — Pleasant Park, Carroll II4 

Manton — Barnett, Maries 348 

Maramec L'on Works, Phelps 436 

Maramec Station, St. Louis 3 515 

MARBLE HILL, Bollinger 64 

Marion, Cole B 168 

Marionville,* Lawrence 306 

Marlin — Beaman, Pettis 5 430 

Marquand, Madison la 342 

MARSHALL,* Saline 584 

MARSHFIELD,* Webster 2 643 

Marthasville, Warren 628 

Martinsburgh, Audrain 4 49 

Martinstown, Putnam 461 

Martinsville, Harrison 227 

Marvel, Bates 57 

Marvin, Henry 232 

MARVVILLE,* Nodaway 13a 406 

Matney, Buchanan. 14 77 

Maune's Store, Franklin 204 

Maxville, Jefferson 285 

MAYSVILLE,* De Kalb 192 

Mayview, Lafayette 302 

Maywood, Lewis 9 310 

Meadville, Linn .*. 7 320 

Mechanicsville, St. Charles 488 

Medecine — Bo7vmansville. Sullivan. 615 

Medoc, Jasper 277 

Medora — St. Auberfs Sta. OsageB 3 412 

Melissa, Ozark 416 

Melrose, St. Louis 51^ 

Mellville — Dadeville, Dade 182 

Mellville, Wright 650 

MEMPHIS,* Scotland io 593 

Mendon — Salt Creek, Chariton 135 

Mendota — Howland, Putnam 11 461 

Mercyville, Macon 337 

Metz, Vernon 624 

MEXICO,* Audrain 4 & 6 49 

Miami, Saline B 585 

Miami Station, Carroll 4- 114 

Micklin, Jackson 271 

Middlebrook, Iron i 262 

Middle Brook, St. Fran9ois i 501 

Middlebury, Mercer 363 

Middle Fabius — Greasy, Scotland... 593 
SSS'For explatiat 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page- 
Middle Grove, Monroe 381 

Middletown, Montgomery 386 

A/id'cuay — Coon Creek, Barton 54 

Midway, Boone 71 

Midway, Jasper 277 

MILAN,* Sullivan n 615 

Miles Point, Carroll B 1 15, 

Milford, Barton 54 

Mllford, Carroll 115 

Millard, Adair 4b 38 

Mill Creek — Brumley, Miller 369 

Millersburgh, Callaway 97 

Aliller^s Landing — New Haven, 

Franklin,. .: 3 B 204 

Millersville, Cape Girardeau 108 

Mill Grove, Mercer 12 363 

Aim Grove — Evansville, Monroe... 5 381 

Millport, Knox 294 

Mill Sprim:; — Otter Creek, Wayne, i 639 

Millville, Ray 474 

Millville — Foristell, St. Charles 4 488 

Millwood, Lincoln 314^ 

Milton — Irish Grove, Atchison 45 

Milton, Randolph 470. 

Minaville-A^. M. 7««r.,Clay.4 & 7a B 160 

Mincey, Taney 618 

Mine La Motte, Madison 342 

Mineral Point, Washington i 634 

Minersville, Christian 139 

Minersvillc — Centre Cr'k, Jasper. .2a 277 

Mingsville, Wright 650 

Mint Hill, Osage 412 

Mirabile, Caldwell 91 

Missouri City, Clay 4B i60' 

Missouriton, St. Charles B 488. 

Mitchellville, Harrison 227 

Miteomah, Webster 643 

Moberly,* Randolph 4, 4b & 5 47a 

Mobcrly's Landittg, Carroll B 115 

Modena, Mercer 363 

Mokeville, St. Louis 515 

Alonegaw — Johnson City, St. Clair... 493 
Moniteau Station — Clarksburgh, 

Moniteau 3 376 

Monroe — Old Monroe, Lincoln 314 

Monroe City,* Monroe 7 381 

Montauk, Dent 196 

Montevallo. Vernon 624 

MONTICELLO, Lewis 310 

Montgomery City,* Montgomery.... 4 386 

Montrose, Henry 5 232 

Montserratt — Gallagher, Johnson. ..3 291 

Mooresville, Livingston 7 327 

Morley, Scott la 598 

Mornington, Webster 643 

Morrison, Gasconade 3 210 

Morris Ridge, Harrison 227 

Morristoivn — Freeman, Cass 5a 122 

Morrisville, Polk 453 

Morse's Mill, Jefferson 285 

Morton, Ray 474 

Moselle, Franklin ...2 204 

ions see page 15. 



INDEX TO POST OFFICES. 



25 



Post Ojffice. County. R. R. Page. 

Mound City, Holt 238 

Mound 6V.-Bliie Mound, Livingston 327 

Mounds — Moundville, Vernon 624 

Mountain Cove, Barry 52 

Alountain Grove — Hickory Spring, 

Wright 650 

Mount Airy, Randolph 470 

Mount Enterprise- IVkite Hare, Cedar 127 

Mt. Hope, Lafayette 302 

Mount Moriah, Harrison 227 

Mt. Pleasant, Gentry 212 

Alt. Pleasant — Tinney's Grove, Ray. . 474 

Mt. PIeasant-A\xgVi?.iz.,^i. Charles.B 488 

MT. VERNON, Lawrence 306 

Moijnt View, Benton 62 

Mount Zion, Dade,.". 182 

Muddy Lane, Livingston 327 

Mulberry, Bates 57 

Mule Creek — Alice, Cedar 127 

Murphysbiirgh — West Joplin, Jasper. 277 

Muirton, Grundy, 223 

Muscle Fork, Chariton 135 

Myers, Bunker Hill, Howard 253 

Myrtle — Knox City, Knox 9 294 

Naomi, Marion 356 

Napoleon — Lisbon, Lafayette B 302 

Narrows Creek, Macon 337 

Nashville, Barton 54 

Nebo, Laclede 297 

Neely's Landing, Cape Girardeau.. A 108 

Neelyville, Butler I 85 

Nelsonville, Marion 356 

Nelsonville, Shelby 603 

Neola — Tindall, Grundy 12 223 

NEOSHO,* Newton 2 401 

Nettleton, Caldwell 7 91 

Nevada — Alpha, Grundy 223 

NEVADA,* Vernon 5 624 

Newark, Knox 294 

New Bloomfield, Callaway 6 97 

New Boston, Linn 320 

Newburg — Competition, Laclede 297 

Newburgh, Macon 337 

New Cambria* — Stockton, Macon..7 337 

New Castle, Gentry 212 

New Farmington, Daviess 12 189 

New Florence, Montgomery 4 387 

New Frankford, Saline B 585 

New Franklin, Howard 253 

Neto Franklin — Frankville, Howell. 257 

New Garden — Fredericksburgh, Ray 474 

New Harmony, Pike 443 

New Hartford, Pike 443 

New Haven — Aliller's Landing, 

Franklin 3 B 204 

New Home, Bates 57 

New Hope, Lincoln 314 

NEW LONDON, Ralls 15 466 

NEW MADRID,* New Madrid.. A 398 

New Market,y[.'3jnoxi 356 

New Market, Platte 12 447 

New Melle, St. Charles 488 

New Offenburgh, Ste. Genevieve.,... 506 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

New Palestine, Cotjper 3a 174 

Nexupurt — Horse Creek, Barton 54 

Nexa Fort — Dundee, Franklin... 3 B 204 

New Salem — Linn, Lincoln 314 

New Santa F6, Jackson 271 

Newtonia,* Newton 402 

Newtown, Putnam 461 

New Wells, Cape Girardeau 108 

Niangua, Webster 2 643 

Nineveh, Adair .' 38 

Nineveh — Lost Branch, Lincoln 314 

Nishnabotna, Atchison 13 45 

Nodaway, Andrew 13 41 

Norfolk, Mississippi 374 

Norborn, Carroll 4 115 

Norma, Webster 643 

Normandy, St. Louis 515 

Norris Fork, Henry 232 

Northcott — Ente7-prise, Linn 320 

North Lexington, Ray 14 B 474 

North Alissouri yunction — Minaville 

Clay 4 & 7a B 160 

North River, Marion 356 

North River Station, Marion 7 356 

North Salem, Linn 321 

North Side — Franklin, Howard. B 5 253 

North Springfield, Green 2 218 

North Star — Scott City, Atchison ...B 45 

North View — Bunker, Webster 2 643 

Novelty, Knox 294 

Nursery Hill, Dent 196 

Oak O'i^— Spickardville, Grundy. 12 223 

Oakfield, Franklin 204 

Oak Grove, Jackson 271 

Oak Hill, Gasconade ; 210 

Oakhurst — Iberia, Miller 369 

Oakland, Laclede • 297 

Oakland, St. Louis 3 515 

Oak Ridge, Cape Girardeau 109 

O'Fallon, St. Charles 4 488 

Old Alexandria, Lincoln 314 

Old Ditch, Jefferson 285 

Old Mines, Washington 634 

Old Monroe — Alonroe, Lincoln 314 

Olive City, Camden loi 

Omaha, Putnam 461 

OREGON,* Holt 238 

Orleans, Polk 453 

Oronogo — Centre Creek, Jasper ...2a 277 

Orrick, Ray 4 474 

Orville, St. Louis 515 

Osage, Crawford 177 

Osage Bluff, Cole 168 

Osage City, Cole 3 168 

Osage Iron Works, Camden lOl 

Osborn, De Kalb 7 192 

OSCEOLA,* St. Clair 493 

Otter Creek — Mill Spring, Wayne . i 639 

Otterville, Cooper 3 174 

Overton, Cooper B 174 

Owasco, Sullivan 615 

Owensville, Gasconade 210 

Owl Creek, Knox 294 



26 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

Oxford, Worth 648 

OZARK, Christian 139 

Ozark I. W —Little Piney, Phelps... 2 436 

Ozark Mills, Iron 262 

Pacific — Franklin, Franklin.., 2 & 3 204 

Page City, Lafayette 3b 302 

PALMYRA,* Marion 7 356 

Papinville, Bates 57 

Paradise — Gosneyville, Clay 160 

PARLS, Monroe 5 381 

Paris Springs — Chalybeate Springs, 

Lawrence 306 

Parker, Andrew 41 

Park's Grove, .St. Clair 493 

Parkville,* Plarte 13 B 447 

Patterson, Wayne 639 

Patton, Bollinger 64 

Pattonsburg, Davies 4c 189 

Patton'' s Store — Fe Fee, St. Louis... 515 

Patitville — Brashears, Adair 9 38 

Pay Down, Maries 348 

Payne's Prairie, Polk. 453 

Paynesville, Pike 444 

Paynterville — Bear Creek, Cedar.... 127 

Peaksville, Clark 146 

Peculiar, Cass 122 

Peirce City,* Lawrence 2 & 2a 306 

Pendleton, Warren 4 628 

Pennville, Sullivan 615 

Perrin, Clinton 12 163 

Periy, Ralls, 466 

PERRYVILLE,* Perry 425 

Persinger, '^oowQ 4a 71 

Periique, St. Charles 4 488 

Petra, Saline 585 

Pevely, Jefferson i 285 

/V)//o«<7, Montgomery, 387 

Phelps, Lawrence 306 

Phelps City,* Atchison 13 45 

Philadelphia, Marion 357 

Philander, Gentry 212 

Phillipsburgh, Laclede 2 297 

Pickering, Nodaway 13a 406 

Piedmont, Wayne i 640 

Y\Vg.Kqv^— Spring Hill, Stoddard'. 608 

Piland's Store, Ozark 416 

Pilot Grove, Cooper 5 174 

Pilot Knob,* Iron i 262 

Pine Creek, Laclede 297 

Pine Hill, Shannon 600 

PINEVILLE, McDonald....!!'.'/,'.'.'.'. 331 

Pink Hill, Jackson 271 

Pinkleyville, Oregon 408 

Pinkney, Warren 628 

Pin Oak, Warren 628 

Pisgah, Cooper 174 

Pitts, Warren 528 

Pittsburg, Hickory 234 

Pittsville, Johnson 291 

Plato, Texas 520 

PLATTE CITY, Platte !..'!i'2 447 

Platte River, Buchanan 77 

S^For explanat 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

Plattin, Jefferson. 285 

PLATTSBLRG,* Clinton... 14 & 12 163 

Pleasant I<"arm, Miller 369 

Pleasant Gap, Bates 57 

Pleasant Green, Cooper c 174 

Pleasant Hill,* Cass 3 & 3c 122 

Pleasant //ill— Areola, Dade 182 

Pleasant Home, Putnam 461 

Pleasant Hope, Polk 453 

Pleasant Mount, Miller 369 

Pleasant Park— J/a«///«, Carroll 115 

Pleasant Prairie, Lafayette 302 

Pleasant Retreat, Scotland 593 

Plea.sant Ridge, Harrison 227 

Pleasant Run, Vernon 624 

Pleasant Valley, Wright 650 

Plum Valley, Texas 620 

Plymouth, Barry 2 52 

Pocahontas, Cape Girardeau 109 

Point Pleasant, New Madrid A 398 

Pollock, Sullivan n 615 

Polo, Caldwell 91 

Pond, St. Louis 515 

POPLAR BLUFF, Butler.. ..i & ib 85 

Poplar Hill, McDonald 331 

Porche's Pr. — Tnplett, Chariton. ..4c 135 

Portage des Sioux, St. Charles A 488 

Portageville, New Madrid 398 

Port Hudson, P'ranklin 205 

Portland, Callaway B 97 

POTOSI,* Washington . 634 

Potterville, Howell 257 

Powell, McDonald 331 

Prairie, Putnam 11 401 

Prairie Bird, Adair 38 

Prairie City, Bates 57 

Prairie Hill, Chariton 135 

Prairie Home, Cooper 174 

Prairieville, Pike 444 

Pratherville, Clay 1 60 

Preston, Jasper 277 

Price's Branch, Montgomery 387 

Price's Landing, Scott A 598 

PRINCETON,* Mercer 12 363 

Proctorville, Caldwell 91 

Prospect Grove, .Scotland 593 

Prospect //ill — Claysville, Clay 160 

Providence, Boone B 71 

Pryor's Store, Douglas 198 

Punjaub, Ste. Genevieve 506 

Quapaw, Newton 402 

Quarantine, St. Louis i A 515 

Quarrytown, Ste. Genevieve A 506 

Queen City, Schuyler 4b 589 

Quincy — Judy's Gap, Hickory 234 

Quitman, Nodaway 406 

Racine — Dayton, Newton 2 402 

Rainey Creek, Camden loi 

Ramey — Kingsville, Johnson 3 291 

Randolph — Renick, Randolph 4 470 

Ravanna, Mercer 363 

Raymondville, Texas 620 

ions see page 15. 



y 



INDEX TO POST OFFICES. 



27 



Post Office. County. R. R- Page. 

Raymore, Cass 3*^ '^3 

Raytown, Jackson 27 1 

Rayville — Sheridan, Haller, Foote 

Station — Ray H 474 

Reading, Pike 444 

Readsville, Callaway 97 

Reeds, Jasper 2a 277 

Reeves St'n — Hendrickson, Butler. lb 85 

Reform, Callaway 97 

Relfe, Phelps 43^ 

i^d'wzV-^— Randolph, Randolph 4 47° 

Rensselaer, Ralls 5 466 

Republic, Greene 2 218 

Reynolds, Iron I 263 

Rhineland, Montgomery 387 

Rich — Sonora, Atchison B 45 

Rich Hill, Bates 5^ 

Richland, Pulaski 2 457 

RICHMOND,* Ray 14 474 

R. S^ L. 7««f.— Henry, Ray4& 14 475 

Richville, Douglas 198 

Richville, Holt 239 

Richwoods, Washington 635 

Ridge, Carroll "5 

Ridgeley, Platte 448 

Ridge Prairie, Saline 5^5 

Ringo's Point, Adair 3^ 

Ritchey, Newton 2 402 

Ritter, Scotland 593 

River Aux Vases, Ste. Genevieve.... 506 

Riverside, Clark 8 146 

Roanoke,* Howard 253 

■Roaring River, Barry 52 

Robertson, Clay 7^ 160 

Robertson's Mills, Stone 611 

Robertsville— Ca/z'O' Sta. Franklin. 2 205 

Robidoux, Texas 620 

Robinson's MtUs—Bmr Oak Valley, 

Lincoln 3^4 

Rocheport, Boone B 71 

Rochester, Andrew 4^ 

Rockbridge, Ozark 416 

Rock Creek, Jackson 3 271 

Rock Hill, St. Louis 5i5 

Rockhoiise Prairie-¥xz.ze.x, Buchanan 77 

ROCKPORT,* Atchison 45 

Rock Prairie — Cross Roads, Dade... 182 

Rock Spring, St. Louis 516 

Rock Spring, Washington 635 

Rockville, Bates 5 5^ 

Rocky Comfort,* McDonald 331 

Rocky Mount, Miller 369 

ROLLA,* Phelps 2 436 

Rolling Home, Randolph 47° 

Rondo, Polk V-^ ! 

Roney, Hickory '4 

Roscoe, St. Clair ; 13 

Rose Hill, Johnson -■'! 

Rose Hill, Si. 1.0m?, 3 5 •'' 

Rosendale, Andrew 13a 4' 

Rothville, Chariton 135 

Round Grove, Lawrence 306 

Round Grove— BQ\^r\y, Macon 7 337 



Post Office. County. R. R. Pnrc. 

Round Prairie — Louihburgh, Dallas iS5 

Round Prairie, Vernon 6,4 

Rowletta, Pettis A o 

Rural Dale, Grundy 2^3 

Rush Tower, jcfterson A 2S5 

Rushville, Buchanan 7, 12 & 13 77 

Russell, Howard 5 254 

Russell's Hill, Shannon 6oo 

Russell's Mills, Iron I -C^3 

Russellville, Cole 168 

Russellville—Yo-n, Ray 475 

Ruth, Texas 620 

^af/ft-zV/if— Caplinger's Mills. Cedar 127 

Sacramento, Wright 650 

St. Annie, Pulaski 457 

St. Aubert's, Callaway B 97 

St. Aubert's 5/a.-Medora, Osage. 3 B 412 

St. Catharine,* Linn 7 321 

ST. CHARLES,* St. Charles... 4 B 488 

St. Clair, Franklin 2 205 

St. Cloud— 5I'/^w«^rt, Scott la 598 

STE. GENEVIEVE. Ste. Genev.A 507 

St. Elizabeth, Miller 369 

St. Francisville, Clark 147 

St. James — James Bayou, Miss.... A 373 

St. James, Phelps 2 438 

St. John, Putnam 461 

ST. JOSEPH,* Buchanan.. 7, 14,13. K 77 

St. Lawrence — Hamburg, Scott 598 

St. Leger, Ozark 416 

ST. LOUIS,* .St. Louis... A, 1,2,3,4 516 

St. Luke— Si. Paul, Webster 643 

St. Martin's, Morgan 392 

St. Mary's, Clark 147 

St, Mary's, Ste. Genevieve 506 

St. /"««/— Sherman, St. Louis 3 572 

St. Paul— .S/. Luke, Webster 643 

St. Peters — Dardenne, St. Charles.. 4 490 

St. Thomas, Cole i68 

6'«/<?w— Coffeysburg, Daviess 189 

SALEM, Dent 2b 196 

Saline, Mercer 363 

Saline City, Saline B 585 

Salisbuiy, Chariton 4 & 4^ 135 

Salt Creek— V\.&r\Aoxv, Chariton 13S 

Salt Road, Douglas 198 

Sampsell, Livingston 4c 327 

Sampson Cr:\L- Hainptotivi lie. lioirr\f.on. 227 

San Antonio, Buchanan 82/5 

Sand Hill, Scotland 593 

Sand Siding, Scott la 598 

Sand Springs, Webster 643 

Sand Stone, Vernon 624 

Sandy Hook, Moniteau B 377 

Santa F6, Monroe 3^2 

Santa Rosa, Daviess 189 

Sappington, St. Louis 572 

Sarcoxie, Jasper 2a 278 

Sarvis Point, Webster 643 

SAVANNAH,* Andrew 13a 41 

Saverton, Ralls 8 A 466 

Saxton, Buchanan 7 ^2^ 

Schluersburg, St. Charles 49"^ 



28 



CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 



Post Of/icc. County. R. R. 

Schmucker's Store, St. Charles 

Schuyler, Cass 

Scotland , J asper 

SciXsville, vSuUivan 

Stott City — North Star, Atchison... B 
Scott's Sta. — Upper Jeffivson, Cole. 3 

Scottsville, Linn 

Sebree, Howard 

8EDALIA,* IVtlis 3, 3b & 5 

Sedwickville, Bollinijer 

Seneca, Newton 2 

Sentinel Prairie, Polk 

Shamrock, Callaway 

Shannon, Chariton 4d 

Sharpsljurgh, Marion 

Shawnee Mound, Henry 

Shawneetown, Cape Girardeau 

Shelijina,* Shelby 7 

SIIELBVVILLE,* Shelby 

Shell City, Vernon 5 

Shell Knob, Barry 

Sheridan — Rayville, Ray 14 

Sherman — St, Paul, 'Si. Louis 3 

Sherrill, Texas 

Shib])oleth, Washington 

Shibley's I'oint, Adair 

Shiloh, Butler 

Shivelton — Block's Mills, Platte... 13 

Shoal Creek, Livingston 

Shoalsburgh, Newton 

Shoneytown, Putnam 

Shootman, Carroll 

Short Bend, Dent 

Shotwell, PVanklin 

Sibley, Jackson B 

Sidney, Ralls 

Sigel — Dunksburg, Pettis 

Sikeston, Scott la 

Silver Creek, Cedar 

Silver Lake, Perry 

Sinking, Shannon 

Sleeper, Laclede 2 

Sloan's Point, Adair 

Smilhfield, Jasper 2a 

Smithton, Pettis '. 3 

Smithville, Clay 

Sniabar, Lafayette 

Snow Hill — Foristell, St. Charles... 4 

Sny Mills, Jackson 

Somerset — C/m^w, Monroe 

Sonora — Rich, Atchison B 

Son's Creek — Areola, Dade 

South Carrollton-QzxxoWioxs., Carroll4 

South Grove, Saline 

South Point, Franklin 3 

S. St. Louis — Carondelet, St. Louis. i 
South-west City — Honey Creek, 

McDonald 

Spencer, Lawrence 

Spencerburgh, Pike 

Spickardsville — Oak O'/j', Grundy. 1 2 
Spring, Jasper 



Page. Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

490 Spring Bluff, L'ranklin 205 

123 Spring Creek, Phelps 438 

278 .S/^r/wi'v/^^/f, Marion 5 357 

615 SPRlNtiFlELD,* Greene 218 

46 Spring Grove, Dallas 186 

168 Spring Hill, Livingston ■ 327 

321 Sprittg Hill — Piketon, Stoddard 608 

254 Spring Hollow, Laclede 297 

430 Stanard, DeKalb 192 

64 Stanford, Te.xas 620 

402 Stanton, Franklin 2 205 

454 Stanton Copper Mines, Franklin 205 

97 STEELVILLE, Crawford 2b 177 

135 Steen's Prairie, Maries 348 

357 Steffersville, Lewis 310 

232 Stephens, Boone 4a 71 

109 Jj"/f//i^;«, Jasper 278 

603 Stephenson's Mill, Wayne 640 

603 Stephen's Store, Callaway 97 

624 Stewart-.S'A'Tc^r/'j-Z;/';'-, Pemiscot-. A 419 

52 Stewartsville,* De Kalb 7 192 

475 Sticklersville, Sullivan 616 

572 Stockland, Montgomery 387 

620 STOCKTON,* Cedar.' 128 

635 Stockton — New Cambria, Macon 7 337 

38 Stoke's Mound, Carroll 115 

85 Stone House — Barnettsville, Morgan 392 

448 Stono, .St. Francois 501 

327 Stony Hill, Gasconade 210 

402 Stony Point, Jackson 271 

461 Stoutland, Camden 2 lOl 

115 Stoutsville, Monroe 5 382 

196 Strafford, Greene 2 220 

205 Strasburg, Cass 123 

271 Stringtown, Cole 168 

466 Stroderv.- W7//Vif ^Ffl/^-rjCape G...ia 109 

432 Sturgeon,* Boone 4 71 

598 Sublett, Adair 4b 38 

128 Sue City, Macon 337 

425 Sullivan, Franklin 2 205 

600 Sulphur Springs, Jefferson lA 285 

297 Summersville, Texas 620 

38 Summit, Macon 337 

278 Sunny Side, Wright 650 

432 Sutton, St. Louis 3 572 

160 Swanwick, Ray 14 475 

302 Sweet Home, Nodaway 406 

490 Sweet .^'^^'w^'-j-Brownsville, Saline3b 585 

871 Switzler, Monroe 382 

382 Sylvania, Dade 182 

46 Sylvania — St. Cloud, Scott la 598 

182 Syracuse,* Morgan 3 392 

115 Taberville, St. Clair 493 

585 Tabo, Lafayette 302 

205 Taitsville, Ray 475 

572 7rt/3<7/, Howard 5 254 

Tanner, Clinton ', 14 163 

331 Taos — Halleck, Buchanan 82^ 

306 Taos, Cole 168 

444 Taylor, Marion 357 

223 Trty/ijr'.j, Phelps 2 438 

278 7aj/cirw?Vy(', St. Louis 3 572 



'For explanations sec paye 15, 



INDEX TO POST OFFICES. 



29 



Post Office. County. R. R- P^S^- 

Ten Mile— Za Porte, Macon 337 

Terre Haute, Putnam 4^1 

7>jrtf5 i9f«</, Mississippi 374 

Thomas, Harrison 227 

Thomasville, Oregon 408 

Thomasville, Randolph 47° 

Thompson's Station, Audrain 4 49 

Tkompsoti's Store, Brumley, Miller.. 369 

Thornleigh, Pettis 43^ 

Tlwa'ff//— Neola, Grundy 12 223 

Tinney's GrovQ—Mt. Pleasant, Ray 475 

Tipton,* Moniteau i^2>^ 377 

Toennia, Schuyler 5^9 

Tolona, Lewis 9 3io 

TRENTON,* Grundy 12 223 

Tr\hM\zX\on- Looftiesville, McDonald 331 
Triplett-Vorche'?, Prai., Chariton. .4c 135 

TROY, Lincoln SH 

Troy Mills, Adair 4b 3^ 

Truxton, Lincoln 2>^S 

Tuckersville, Morgan 39^ 

Tullvania, Macon 337 

Tuque, Warren 628 

Turnback, Dade 182 

Turney's Station, Clinton 7a 163 

TUSCUMBIA, Miller 3^9 

Twane, Dent 196 

Twin Grove, Jasper 2a 278 

Ulman's Ridge, Miller 3^9 

UNION, Franklin 205 

Union City, Atchison 4^ 

Union City, Jasper 278 

Union Ridge. Sullivan...; 616 

Union Star, De Kalh 192 

Uniontown, Perry 425 

Union Valley, Nodaway 406 

UNIONVILLE,* Putnam n 461 

Upper Jefferson — Scott's Station, 

Cole 3 168 

Utica,* Livingston 7 327 

Urbana, Dallas 186 

Urich, Henry 232 

Valparaiso, Sullivan 616 

VAN BUREN, Carter 118 

Vandalia, Audrain 6 49 

Van Horn, Carroll "5 

Vannoy's Mill, Pike 444 

Vera Cruz, Douglas 198 

Vermont, Cooper 3a 174 

Verona, Lawrence 2 306 

VERSAILLES,* Morgan 392 

Vibbard.Ray 14 475 

Victoria, Daviess 189 

Victoria, Jefferson I 285 

Vienna — Economy, Macon 337 

VIENNA, Maries 348 

Vineland, Jefferson I 285 

Vinemont, Bollinger 64 

Vinton, Bates 58 

Virgil City, Cedar 128 

Virgil City, VernOn 624 

Virginia, Bates 58 

Virginia Mine, Franklin 205 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

Wadeshurg, Cass 123 

Wakanda — Eugene City, Carroll.. 4 115 

Waldo, Webster 643 

Waldron, Platte 13 448 

Walkersville, Shelby 604 

Wallace — Jeanette, Buchanan 82;^ 

WalVs 5/or^-Burnett's St'n, Johnson 291 

Walnut Creek, Bates 58 

Walnut Forest, Greene 220 

Walnut Grove, Greene 220 

Walnut Shade, Taney 6i8 

Walton Mills, Washington 635 

Warm Yo\\i— Clifton, Oregon 409 

Warren, Marion 357 

WARRENSBURG,* Johnson 3 291 

WARRENTON,* Warren 4 628 

Warrenville, Laclede 297 

WARSAW,* Benton 62 

Washburn — Keetsville, Barry 52 

Washington,* Franklin 3B 205 

Waterloo, Clark 147 

Watson, Atchison 13 4^ 

Waverly,* Lafayette B 302 

WAYNESVILLE,* Pulaski.. 457 

Webster, Oregon 4^9 

Webster — Harmony, Washington .... 635 

Webster Groves, St. Louis 3 572 

Welch, Monroe 382 

Weldon, Maries 348 

Wellington, Lafayette B 302 

Wellsburgh, St. Charles 49° 

Wellsville, Montgomery 4 387 

Wentzville, St. Charles 4 49° 

West Ely, Marion 357 

West Fork, Reynolds 478 

West Hartford, Ralls 466 

West yo///«— Joplin City, Jasper 277 

West Liberty, Putnam 461 

West Line, Cass 5a 123 

Weston,* Platte 13 B 448 

WEST PLAINS, Howell 257 

West Point, Bates ';8 

Westport,* Jackson 271 

West Quincy, Marion 7 357 

West Springfield, Shelby 604 

West Union, Cass 123 

West Union, Holt B 239 

Westville, Chariton 135 

Wet Glaize, Camden loi 

Wheatland, Hickory 234 

Wheeling, Livingston 7 327 

Whetstone, Wright (^5° 

Whig Valley, Holt 239 

White Hare — Mt.Enterprise, Cedar. I 1 28 

White Oak Spring, Webster 643 

White Rock, Carroll "5 

White Rock Prairie, McDonald 331 

White's Store, Howard 254 

Whitesville, Andrew 42 

White Water—Sirodexv., Cape G. . I a 1 09 

Williamsburgh, Callaway 97 

Williamstown, Lewis 310 

Williamsville, Wayne i 640 



30 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

Willmathville, Adair 38 

Willow Springs, Howell 257 

Wilson, Adair 38 

Winchester, Clark I47 

Windsor, Henry 5 232 

Winemiller's Mills, Worth 648 

Winigan, Sullivan 616 

Winslow, De Kalb 192 

Winston, Dent 196 

Winstonville, Daviess 12 189 

WhitersvilU , Andrew 42 

Wintersville, Sullivan 616 

Winthrop, Buchanan... .13, 7 & 12 B ^ih 

Withers Mills, Marion 7 357 

Wittenberg, Perry A 426 

Wolf Creek, St. Fran9ois la 501 

Wolf Creek, Wright 650 

Wolf Island, Mississippi A 374 

Woodend, Pulaski 2 457 



Post Office. County. R. R. Page. 

Woodhill — Cross Plains, Dallas 186 

Woodland — Caldwell, Marion 7 357 

Woodlawn, Monroe 382 

IVoodlawn, St. Louis 3 572 

Wood's Fork, Wright 650 

Woodside, Oregon 409 

Woodville, Macon 337 

Woolam, Gasconade 210 

Worth, Worth 648 

Wright City, Warren 4 628 

Wyaconda, Scotland 593 

Yancy Mills, Phelps 438 

Yankee Doodle, Howell 257 

Yankee Ridge, Harrison 227 

Yeatma7i, St. Louis 3 572 

Youngers, Boone . . 71 

Young's Creek, Audrain 49 

Younts' Store, Perry _. 426 

Zig, Adair 38 



JiS'For explanations seepage IB. 



M^RTTCAL SECTTO^'' OF BOKIXGS 
AT THE ST.ZOUIS COUNTY mSAXE ASYLUM. 

ccnstnu:ucL ^^,^^,. .^^..,,.,.. £L,^.v.££^Qr^P ^ ^0. State Gcolotist of Mq. 



Formation 



Miu/r. 



Feet 



^(Oa l.Measvu'es . 



Jjower 
CtcrboTLtfcrou^. 



No. Strata Found in Well 



67(9 



Chouteaxv Grcnip. 



Jren tcnJJlaclJlwer 
a.n.(Z 

JBirdseyeJiiniestone . 



"zsazs 



TOT 









muslration iJ"*^! 
(JJ epth J 



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93 



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:svn: 
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J^ynejion e cxji cl CJi ert 

I tiert ciuclJiiTncstone' 
JiedXi 



rf t OTLe . 



Clay. 



Saccha roidal San dstrnie 



J^irsiLuncstoni 



/4-S 



/33 



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JEZ" 



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• ^^9'neri caiUme stone , 



Tf7tite aTitLDrcnmStmdstone. 



SecoTKLLvmestone, 



^'^<'ffiiesianJjXTnesttmc. 




Ji^tf^^Toym ancWinb/Jicrlv 
'^ln<)nesi{iTLLvnieKtane. 



■ThwclLvin est one . 




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and^zcic. 



wy. 



xxxzf: _ 




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'lliicpiesicin Limestaiie 



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some Sand, 

^.dnditojte. 

Magu esi nuLirnesttni e . 



Sandstone 
Tir<vlc,3Jcccfncsiccn. .S.la.teL 



- il(ic/n esicfii Ijjjri est one \ruh 
^imxe Saiidin l(nrer_Dcds . 



Sandston , 

Jiromi aTulJ?ecl -Sandstone 
-Lim-erJieclslCurtl und Red 




^ -HCAMPBELllS 



1^ ^«jll>j^JMI.'.l|iJjl^jl)|ll ^ ' 








STATE LEGISLATURE. 
Senatorial Apportionment. 
Districts. Composed of the Counties of 



ist — Andrew, Holt, Nodaway and Atchison. 

2d — Buchanan, DeKalb, Gentry and Worth. J —j^ 

3d— Platte, Clay and Clinton. {j B;ATE S^^_ 

4th — Caldwell, Ray, Daviess and Harrison. | 

5th — Livingston. Grundy, Mercer and Carroll. iTn/i^^ V 

6th — Linn, Sullivan, Putnam and Chariton. | "a f^'\^ 

7th — Randolph, Howard and Monroe. 

8th — Adair, Macon and Schuyler. 

9th- -Audrain, Boone and Callaway. 
10th — St. Charles and Warren, 
nth — Pike, Lincoln and Montgomery. 
i2th — Lewis, Clark, Scotland and Knox. 
13th— Msrrion, Shelby and Ralls. 
14th — Jackson, Cass and Bates. ■ ^ 

15th— Johnson, Benton, Henry and St. Clair. Ljl ^ 

i6th — Dade, Vernon, Barton, Jasper and' , 

17th— Saline, Lafayette and Pettis. 

18th— Newton, Barry, Lawrence, McDonald. 

19th— Greene, Christian, Stone, Taney, !_.. 

Webster. 
20th— Polk, Dallas, Laclede and Hickory. j 
aist — Osage, Franklin and Gasconade. 
22d— Phelps, Crawford, Dent, Texas, Wright,' 

Pulaski, Ozark, Douglass, Howell. ,^ '--a, 
13d— Washington, Jefferson, St. Francois andi:;:i^fe^"~l5 ■-|^"^''< 

Ste. Genevieve. ! N^AV "" -~ -^ 

24th— Iron, Ripley, Madison, Wayne, Butler, H», 

Shannon, Reynolds, Oregon, Carter.!/ ^^^ 'z.'^XV'''- ' 

25th— Mississippi, Stoddard, Dunklin, Pemis-jV;. "%> c" ^'^%^% (y^ 

cot. New Madrid and Scott. 'rt^'r. 7^^^ '^i ( ' %. 1 

26th— Cape Girardeau, Perry and Bollinger. ! / "^ j i i- C*' 

27th— Cole, Miller, Camden and Maries. yAlT lyoTCAXJDi j 

28th — Cooper, Morgan and Moniteau. \^\,.' ___®f'>'vivllet 

^<)th. and 36th inclusive — St. Louis. 

Represbntativk Apportiokmbnt. 

St. Louis County, - - ,14 Representatives 

Jackson County, - - 3 do 

Buchanan County, - • 2 do 

Franklin County, - i do 

All other Counties, each one Representative. \ \ 



I 

\ 

n- 1 - ■ s "-"^^ ^ 










constnicledand engmi'i'd cxyivsslx • for 

aiMPBEU^S GAZETTEER OFJ^nSSOURI 



auiaiaita curEREDACCOnOING TO ACT OF CONGRESS IN THE y EAR 1814- BY 

^^i^^\ ROBERT A.CAMPBELL 

y^T^X if^ j.„g Q^f^icE or THE LIBRARIAN OFCONGRESS AT tlASHIN6rON 

Congressional Districts numbered thus. 



/' i 




F 






) H i/ 'L ; < , ^ or'.' 

Ail\icerptjf _^ / \ 




^HOLrb 



1 






-1 






uW/^f -^ ^. . 



%h. 



S^Bunufi^aroN 






V BUTLER 






"kJ'^^ 






(^//^^/y//7/y 



Oefi-zretms 



Ow/j l/erAW/i?s. 



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i f' 



a<*vT d_2_ -V V'Jf !i 
















A' ..I 



^Y'^^oc 



1 "^ 



Mecni Sumtner \ ^.^ 
Teniptrulun' ^ '^ ' 






TeinptratiiTC / * 



»K\3;i°- 






ft' ^ 
















f^^yf. 



'Vr 



HOT 









j J3 A Pi P{ 




-p!^' 






'-^4., 



ENGELMANN S 



mm C3XIMATOI.O€iICAri 



MAP or 



T 



HKKawiMr 



j^?v^-- 



cpuslnicted and eiLgixived c.xpivssly for 

CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OFMLSSOURI 



8^V "i* I ^ ^ 



■■'M> 



JUrCRBD ACCORDING TO ACT Or CONGRESS IN THE YEAR 187* BY 

ROBERT A. CAMPBELL 

IN THE OFFICE or THE LIBRARIAN OrCOWRESS AT 'tJASHINGTON 

Ji:XBLANATI02rS 

The Icaye figures on ffie fiice of the JUofj 
show tJw 

Avemge AmatalRcdjLfaR in Inches 



//'4, 






o 



■%C3\ '-II^Al 



^ ■..'■ 

:> 






n^l 



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fii> 



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G I. A S 

)VEHACiru-i 



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v:^* 



V 

^ ! ^ 

^a/tS-^.Pt.AINS 






poplaIp BLU^F: 
r-laOOHIPH/^H 



K"R. 

Bftifon 



-iAINEiSlLt-t 



-/- 



y 



FO^ATTAh 



ADAIR COUNTY, 

In the northern part of the State, is bounded north by Putnam and 
Schuyler Counties, east by Scotland and Knox, south by Macon, and 
west by Sullivan County, and contains 356,420 acres. 

Population, in 1850, 2,342; i860, 8,530; 1870, 11,448; of whom 
11,305 were white and 143 colored; 5,892 male and 5,556 female; 
11,072 native (4,904 born in Missouri) and 376 foreign. 

History. — A settlement, known to the older portions of Howard and 
Randolph Counties as the ** Cabins of White Folks," was made near the 
present site of Kirksville in 1828. The little colony had been established 
about a year, when they were visited by a considerable body of the Iowa 
Indians, who insulted the women and committed many depredations. 
The pioneers becoming alarmed, dispatched a messenger to Randolph 
County for aid. The messenger reached the house of Wm. Blackwell 
on the night of July 24th, 1829, and before many hours the news of the 
threatened attack had spread through the settlement, and by the next 
evening a company under command of Mr. Trammel, marched to 
"Grand Narrows," now in Macon County, so called from a peculiar 
opening in the timber bordering the prairie. Here they encamped for 
the night, and the next day marched to the "Cabins," a distance 
of 44 miles. At a council on the morning of the 27th, they determined 
to order the Indians to leave. They marched ten miles, and formed a 
line in the rear of the Indian encampment and called for an interpreter. 
As the Indians appeared, a Mr. Myers, who lived at the "Cabins," 
recognized an Indian who had grossly insulted his wife, and immediately 
shot him dead. The Indians commenced loading, the squaws with a 
characteristic whoop retreated, and Capt. Trammel gave the order to fire. 
Fifteen guns were discharged and the remainder of the company broke 
and ran, the Indians pursuing for a short distance. Three of the whites 
were killed and several wounded, Capt. Trammel among others. They 
returned to the "Cabins" for the women and children, and, taking up 
their line of march southward, traveled all night, never halting until 
within 5 miles of Huntsville. The women and children were then sent 
on to Howard. Richardson, Guess, Myers, Gross and Blackwell, 
with about 60 others, under command of Capt. Sconce, returned to the 
battle-field and buried the bodies of Winn, Owenby and Myers, who had 
been killed in the fight. Three Indians were left lying where they fell. 
The company returned to Howard where a regiment was organized under 



34 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

the command of Col. John B. Clark, which speedily drove the Indians 
north of the State boundary. This comparatively small affair was one of 
the incidents leading to the Black Hawk War. 

The first permanent settlement was by Kentucky Emigrants in 183 1-2, 
among them were John Stewart, Andrew Thompson, John Cain, Jesse 
Jones, Robt. and Frayel Myers, Mr. Collett, father of King Collett, 
James A. Adkins, Washington and Lewis Conner. Soon after they were 
ioined by Kennedy Ownby, David E. Sloan, and the father of Wm. H. 
and Ed. Parcels, both of whom were young boys at the time. For this 
information we are indebted to Mrs. Mary Sloan, widow of David E. 
Sloan, now — 1874 — in the 79th year of her age. 

The county was organized Jan 29th, 1841, and Jefferson Collins, of 
Lewis County, L. B. Mitchell, of Clark, and Thomas Ferrell of Monroe, 
were appointed Commissioners to select the County Seat within 2^ miles 
of the center of the county. The first circuit court was held at the house 
of John Cain in 1841, Judge James A. Clark, presiding; David James, 
Clerk ; and Isaac N. Eby, Sheriff. 

In 1862, C-ol. Porter (Confederate) having about 2,000 newly recruited 
men, one-half of whom were poorly armed, or not armed at all, marched in 
the direction of Scotland County with the purpose of attacking about 300 
Federal troops stationed at Memphis, but being closely pursued by 
McNeil's command, turned his course towards Kirksville, destroying 
bridges on the way. Porter arrived at Kirksville about noon, August 6th, 
an hour in advance of his pursuers, and ordering the citizens to leave 
town, stationed a part of his command in the houses and sent the balance 
on west. When McNeil came up he reconnoitered with a portion of 
Merrill's horse, losing one killed and one wounded by a fire from the 
Confederates in a corn field and behind a rick of cord wood. He then 
threw a battery of artillery to the front and commenced shelling, under 
cover of which the main force entered the town and proceeded to capture 
it house by house, the batteries changing position as necessity required 
for greater and more effective service. In three hours the town was in 
possession of the Federals and Porter's force, was in full flight, leaving 
about sixty who were taken prisoners. The Confederate loss, in killed, 
wounded and prisoners, was estimated at about 200. The Federal loss 
was 8 killed and a number wounded. McNeil is reported to have caused 
sixteen of the Confederate prisoners to be taken out and shot. But little 
damage was done to the town during the fight. A few houses were damaged 
by cannon balls, and bullet holes were quite plenty. Mrs. Coots was 
so badly wounded that she died a day or two after. The Confederate 
dead were gathered up and buried by the citizens. The Federal force 
left a detail to take care of the wounded and pursued Porter, who escaped 
across the Chariton River. 

Physical Features. — The Chariton River passes through the 



ADAIR COUNTY. 35 

county from north to south, three to five miles west of the center, 
heavy timber extending on either side for several miles. Its principal 
tributaries on the west are Blackbird, Shuteye, Spring, Billey, Hog and 
Walnut Creeks, and on the east, Hazel, Rye, Big and Sugar Creeks. In 
the eastern part of the county are found South Fabius, Cottonwood and 
Salt Rivers, Floyd, Steer, Timber, Bear and Bee Creeks, all of which 
flow in a south-easterly direction toward the Mississippi. These streams 
in all their windings are beautifully fringed with timber, consisting prin- 
cipally of maple, walnut, hickory, oak, elm, linn and cottonwood. 
Between the rivers are rich rolling prairies, which occupy about one-half 
■of the county. The timber land is fully as productive as the prairie. 

Agricultural Productions. — The soil is mostly fertile and adapted 
to the raising of nearly all the cereals — wheat, corn, oats, rye, barley, etc. 
Tobacco and other crops are also grown with profit. In grazing facilities 
it is hardly surpassed by any county in North Missouri, and is second to 
none in the North-east. Apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, etc. are 
grown in abundance. Hay is one of the staple crops, and timothy seed 
■ is receiving increased attention, as farmers are beginning to realize that 
it, together with hay, is a profitable crop. 

Mineral Resources. — There is an abundance o. coal in the county, 
also some excellent quarries of limestone and sandstone. 

Manufacturing Interests will be noticed under the heads of the 
various towns where they are located. 

^Vealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $10,202,000.* 
Railroads. — There are two railroads in the county. The St. Louis, 
Kansas City & Northern Railway, crossing it from north to south and 
having 24^^ miles of track, and the Quincy, Missouri & Pacific 
Railroad, having 13}^ miles of track in the county, thus furnishing Adair 
a southern, eastern and northern outlet to market. 

Exports as yet, are confined to agricultural products and stock. 
Large quantities of grain, baled hay, timothy seed, cattle, hogs, etc., are 
annually shipped from the several railroad stations in the county. 

Educational Interests. — There are 76 public school houses in the 
county, with a registered attendance of 4^957 pupils. In addition to 
these school houses, there are other buildings used in that capacity in 
order to furnish room for those attending the schools ; especially is this 
the case in Kirksville, where the school building, containing four large 
rooms, is not sufficient to accommodate all. The North Missouri State 
Normal School will be noticed under the head of Kirksville. 

Brashears (Paulville) — ^Twelve miles east of Kirksville, on the Q., 
M. & P. R. R., laid out in 1372 by Richard Brashears, in honor of 

♦Assessed valuation for 1873, $3,362,798. Taxation for State and county purposes, $1.61 on $100. 
Bonded debt of the county for railroad, $75,000 ; Normal School, $78,000 ; bridges, $4.8oo. Benton town- 
ship, $40,000; Salt River township, $6,000. Both of the latter for subscriptions to Q., M. & P- K. K. 
Floating debt of the county, about $2,000. 



36 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

whom it is named, contains about 6 stores, a saw and grist mill, a grain 
warehouse, hay press, school house and church — United Brethren. It is 
about 2 miles s. e. of the old site of Paulville, which has principally- 
been moved to Brashears. It is the heaviest shipping point in the county 
except Kirksville. Population about 200. 

Floyd's Creek, is a post-office 8 miles n. e. of Kirksville. 

KIRKSVILLE, the county seat, named in honor of Jesse Kirk, is 
located on a high rolling prairie, near the center of the county, and 
about six miles east of the Chariton River. It is on the St. L. , K. C. & 
N. R. W., 203 miles from St. Louis, and on the Q., M. & P. R. R., 70 
miles from Quincy, and on the grand divide between the Mississippi and 
Missouri Rivers, where the best of water can be obtained at a depth of 
from 15 to 20 feet. 

The town was laid out in 1842, and incorporated in 1857. The first 
Board of Trustees were M. P. Hannah, John Thomas, Wm. Lough, O 
H. Beeman, Jesse C. Thatcher, John D. Foster and E. W. Parcels. 

Kirksville has 6 churches, — M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, Presbyterian, 
Cumberland Presbyterian, Baptist, Free-Will Baptist, Christian, Episcopal ■ 
and Colored Baptist, costing in the aggregate about ;^ 20,000. The M. 
E. Ch. South worships in the Cumberland Presbyterian Church and the 
Christians with the Freewill Baptists. 

The educational facilities of the town are found in the public schools, 
which are under the supervision of superior teachers. The State Normal 
School, originally established by Prof. Joseph Baldwin, as a private insti- 
tution for the training of teachers and others, with primary and inter- 
mediate departments, was first opened September 2d, 1867. It was, 
through the laborious and untiring efforts of Prof. Baldwin and his able 
assistants, Profs. Nason, Greenwood and others, continued as first com- 
menced, with increasing success, until 1871, when it was opened as a 
State Institution. The Legislature in 1870 made provision for two State 
Normal Schools, one south and the other north of the Missouri River. 
Several counties in North Missouri competed for the location, but by an 
appropriation of ^100,000 voted by this county, and the donation by 
John W. Morris and J. A. Richter of fifteen acres of ground, beautifully 
situated, and the additional fact that the private Normal of Prof. Baldwin 
had secured more than a State reputation, the location was secured at 
this point, and the first session of the North Missouri State Normal School 
was opened January 2d, 187 1, in the same building previously occupied 
by Prof. Baldwin. In the spring of 1872, the Legislature appropriated 
^50,000 to complete the building, an imposing and suitably arranged 
structure, which was completed and occupied the following December. 
The annual appropriation for the support of the school was first fixed at 
$5,000. In 1873, the Legislature increased it to $10,000. Tuition is 
free except an incidental fee of $3.00 per term, and board can be 




KIRKVILLE NORMAL SCHOOL. 



38 ADAIR COUNTY. 

obtained at from ^3.00 to $3,50 per week. During the term commencing 
Sept. 2d, 1873, 400 students were enrolled. Thus it will be seen that the 
educational facilities of Kirksville, are equal to any in the country, and 
the people being generous, sociable and free in their manners, is an 
additional attraction to students. 

There are 2 newspapers, TJie Register, W. C. B. Gillespie, editor and 
publisher, and The Journal, S. M. Pickler, editor and publisher ; 2 bank- 
ing houses, 1 2 dry goods stores, 4 clothing, i book, 9 grocery, 2 furni- 
ture, 4 drug, 2 jewelry and 3 hardware stores, 2 saddle and harness shops, 
2 lumber yards, i wagon maker, 4 hotels, i hide, fur and wool purchasing 
store, 2 brick yards near town, 2 marble manufactories, 3 grain ware- 
houses and 2 hay pressing establishments. 

Kirksville has three essentials for profitable manufacturing — water, 
wood and coal, the latter being found in abundance about four miles 
west of the town — and that branch of industry is receiving increased 
attention. There are 2 grist mills, i woolen mill, i plow, i hub 
and spoke factory, i cheese factory, i planing mill and furniture 
factory. 

Lindersville is a post-office 11 miles s. w. of Kirskville. 

Millard, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 7 miles s. of Kirksville con- 
tains a warehouse, 3 stores, school house, church, etc. Population about 
100. 

Nineveh, 11^ miles n. w. of Kirksville, is in a German settlement, 
well located, on high ground, on the west side of Chariton River, which is. 
bridged at this point. It has a large steam saw and grist mill, a school 
house, tannery, and 2 stores. Population about 100. 

Paulville — See Brashears. 

Prairie Bird is a post-oflfice 10 miles s. e. of Kirksville. 

Ringo's Point is 18 miles w. of Kirksville. 

Shibley's Point, 17^ miles n. w. of Kirksville, has a store. 

Sloan's Point, 6 miles w. of Kirksville, on the Chariton River, over 
which there is a good bridge, has i store and 2 saw and grist mills. 

Sublett, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 7 miles n. of Kirksville, a 
shipping point of importance, has 2 stores and i warehouse. 

Troy Mills, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. R., 4 miles s. of Kirksville^ 
is the site of a large woolen mill. 

Willmathville, 13 miles n. e. of Kirksville, contains 2 stores, a school 
house and church. Population about 50. 

Wilson, 16 miles s. e. of Kirksville, contains 2 stores, aschool house,, 
etc. Population about 30. 

Zig is a p. o. 13 miles s. w. of Kirksville. 



ANDREW COUNTY, 

In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by Nodaway 
County, east by Gentry and De Kalb, south by Buchanan, south-west 
by the Missouri River which separates it from Kansas, and west by Holt 
County, and contains 273,025 acres. 

Population in 1850, 9,433; in i860, 11,850; in 1870, 15,137; of 
whom 14,736 were white, and 401 colored; 8,014'male, and 7,123 female; 
14,261 native (7,254 born in Missouri) and 876 foreign. 

History.— The "Platte Purchase," which now consists of Andrew, 
Atchison, Buchanan, Holt, Nodaway and Platte Counties, was, up to 
1836, an Indian Reservation, having been selected by the Indians, with 
their usual sagacity. It was considered by the early settlers of North- 
western Missouri, as the natural garden of the State. That far-seeing 
statesman, Thomas H. Benton, in 1836, secured the passage of a bill 
removing the Indian occupants and adding this portion of their territory 
to Missouri ; thus giving to the State a large area of the most fertile, and 
at the same time, the most beautifully diversified land, and most readily 
accessible district in the country. The " Purchase " was soon afterward 
divided into counties, and settlers from all parts of the country crowded 
into what is now Andrew County, and from that time to the present its 
growth in population and material wealth has been rapid and healthy. 
The county was first settled by Joseph Walker, Esq., in 1837, and organ- 
ized January 29th, 1841. Its remoteness from the seat of the late Civil 
War prevented any conflict in the county. 

Physical Features.— Andrew County is considerably diversified in 
its topography. About three-fifths of the county is timbered, the 
remainder upland, rolling prairie. The bottom lands along the Missouri 
and in the valleys of the principal streams, are almost level, while the bluffs, 
except along the Missouri River, are gradually sloping, and the upland 
j)ortions considerably rolling. The eastern portion of the county is 
peculiarly attractive in its general appearance, being high rolling prairie, 
with beautiful groves of timber skirting the streams, while the southern 
and south-western portions are somewhat broken, but scarcely an acre, 
except the face of Missouri River bluffs, is so steep as to be unfit for cul- 
tivation, and even these are in most cases admirably adapted to 
grape-growing. The north-eastern portion, known as "Empire Prairie," 
is the most level district in the county, and will compare favorably in 
beauty and fertility, with any place in the West. The county is well 



40 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

watered, every portion of it abounding in running streams, and fine 
springs. The One Hundred And Two River, running from north to 
south through the centre of the county, the Platte two to six miles east- 
ward, and the Nodaway on its western boundary, with their numerous 
tributaries, furnish not only excellent drainage, but iilso supply an abund- 
ance of water for stock. The Nodaway, which affords ample mill power, 
has been navigated by small steamers to State Ferry. Its principal tribu- 
taries in this county are Lincoln and Peddler Creeks, into the latter of 
which empties Arapahoe Creek. Emptying into the Missouri in the south- 
western part of the county, are several brooks, the principal of which 
are Dillon and Caples Creeks. Muddy Creek and its tributary. Third 
Fork, traverse the eastern part of the county, a distance of lo miles. Much 
the greater portion of the bottom lands has an exceedingly fertile soil, 
being siliceous alluvial, intermixed with clay and vegetable mold. There 
are, however, along the Missouri bottoms several small patches of 
"gumbo," a tenacious vegetable mold which cracks in drying, leaving 
the field lumpy and difficult to cultivate. It has, however, a sandy sub- 
soil, and needs only deep cultivation to make it among the most fertile 
of alluvials. The peculiar geological formation along the Missouri, being 
almost identical with the loess or bluff formation of the River Rhine, 
renders artificial drainage unnecessary, and being deeply impregnated 
with salts and oxyde of iron it is peculiarly adapted to raising 
pears, while its fertility insures good crops of other fruits and veg- 
etables. The timbered portion of the county has usually a dark brown 
calcareous soil overlaid by vegetable mold with a clay sub-soil. The 
timber is oak, walnut, elm, hickory, sugar maple and hackberry. 

Agricultural Productions. — Corn is the principal product, and on 
no upland soil in the West does it succeed better; crops have been fre- 
quently made averaging 75 and sometimes 100 bushels to the acre. 
Winter and spring wheat are staples, while oats, barley, rye, buckwheat 
and potatoes, yield largely, the latter being a specialty. Grapes are 
cultivated with great success, large quantities being shipped in all direc- 
tions, while the grasses and garden vegetables here find a congenial soil, 
and yield immense crops. 

The Manufacturing Interests are exceedingly limited ; the whole 
county being so well adapted to agriculture, the energies of the people 
are almost entirely bent in that direction. There are about 10 flouring 
mills in the county, and twice as many saw mills. 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county, per census of 1870, ;^8,ooo,ooo.* 

Educational Interests. — The citizens are fully alive on the subject 
of education, and fine school houses are a characteristic of the county. 
Each district has a comfortable and commodious building. The one at 

•Assessed valuation in 1873, ^4,936,418. Taxation, Ji.oo on Jioo. Bonded debt, ^100,000. 



ANDREW COUNTY. 41 

Savannah, is an imposing structure, built in 1872, and cost about 
;$i8,ooo. There are 83 districts, and 84 school houses, with 93 schools 
for white, and 2 for colored children. The average wages paid teachers are : 
male, ^58 ; female, $39 per month. The average daily attendance at 
school in the county in 1872 was 3,197. 

Railroads.— The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad 
traverses the south-west corner of the county, following the Missouri River. 
From Amazonia the Chicago Branch runs north, through the centre of the 
county, connecting with the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad at 
Hopkins, forming a through route from Kansas City and St. Joseph to 
Chicago. The county subscribed $100,000 (the bonded debt above 
•named) to aid in building this road. 

The Exports are flour, wheat, oats, rye, corn, apples, peaches, grapes 
and other fruits ; . cattle, hogs, horses, mules, and in fact everything usu- 
ally raised for exportation in a strictly agricultural community. 

Amazonia, the second place of importance in the county, is situated 
on the Missouri River, at the junction of the Chicago Branch, with the 
main line of the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R.— 6 miles s. w. of Savannah. 
The town has a fine, picturesque appearance, with many beautiful building 
sites, and is an excellent shipping point for a considerable section of 
country. A number of saw-mills, i flouring mill, i turning mill, and 
.a box factory, are among its industries. It has 10 or 12 stores, and 
a fine graded school. Population about 400. 

Bolckow, a station on the Chicago Branch of the K. C, St. J. & C. 
B. R. R., II miles north of Savannah, has a few stores, and a population 
of about 200. 

Castle is a post-ofiice 10 miles s. e. of Savannah. 

Empire Prairie, 15 miles n. e. of Savannah, contains a Presbyterian 
church and a few stores. 

Fillmore, pleasantly situated in a thickly settled locality, 12 miles n. 
w. of Savannah, is a good business point, has about 12 stores, a flouring 
and a saw mill, a Presbyterian and a Methodist church, and a fine graded 
seminary. Population about 350. 

Flag Springs, 10 miles n. e. of Savannah, has a woolen, a saw and a 
grist mill, and several stores. Population about 100. 

Nodaway is a station on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 10 miles 
(by rail) w. of Savannah. Population about 100. 

Parker, 17 miles n. w. of Savannah, has one store. 

Rochester, on the west bank of Platte River, 8 miles e. s. e. of 
Savannah, has about 12 business houses, a Methodist church, and a fine 
seminary. Population about 400. 

Rosendale is a station on the Chicago Branch of the K. C, St. J. & 
C. B. R. R., 6 miles n. of Savannah. Population about 100. 

SAVANNAH, the county seat, and principal town, is finely located, 



42 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

near the centre of the county, on the Chicago Branch of the K. C, St. J. & 
C. B. R. R., 15 miles n. of St. Joseph. It is situated on gently rolling 
ground which insures perfect drainage. The conformation of the adjacent 
ground gives many beautiful localities of which advantage has been. 
taken for the erection of elegant dwellings. The town was laid out in 
1842, incorporated as a city in 1854, and is settled by a thrifty and 
enterprising people, mostly from the Eastern and Northern States. Popu- 
lation in 1870, 1,256; now estimated at 1,500. It contains i first-class 
steam flouring mill, i wagon, i plow, and i furniture factory ; 2 banks, 
about 30 stores, and i newspaper and job printing establishment — the 
Andrew County Republican, O. E. Paul, editor and proprietor. The 
following churches have each one building, valued at from |iooo to 
^3000: M. E. Ch. South, M. E. Ch., O. S.Presbyterian, Presbyter- 
ian, Christian, Episcopal, Congregational and colored Methodists. A fine 
graded seminary building was completed in 1873 — the seven departments 
of which are well filled and ably taught. 

Whitesville, on the Platte River, 5 miles e. of Rosendale, has a few 
stores and twa^churches— Baptist and Reformers. Population about 200. 



ATCHISON COUNTY, 

Situated in the north-western corner of the State, is bounded north by 
Iowa, east by Nodaway County, south by Holt, and south-west and west 
by the Missouri River, which separates it from Nebraska, and has an area of 
329,751 acres. 

Population in 1850, 1,678; in i860, 4,649; in 1870, 8,440; of 
whom 8,405 were white and 34 colored; 4,489 male, and 3,951 female j 
7,712 native (3,283 born in Missouri) and 728 foreign. 

History. — Atchison is a part of the celebrated Platte Purchase. The 
first settlement was made at Sonora, on the Missouri River by Callaway 
Millsaps and his family, who reached that point Nov. nth, 1839. His 
son, Joseph,-was the first white child born in what is now Atchison County. 
Both fatherand son are still (1874) living. The county was organized Feb- 
ruary 14th, 1845, from apart of Holt, and Linden was made the county seat. 
The early settlers were generally of that brave, resolute, but unsatisfied class 
of men who continually keep on the frontier and open the way for the less 
"estless people who follow to make permanent homes. 

Except the depression that was general in business throughout the 
State, this section was not greatly affected by the late Civil War, and 
since its close, it has rapidly increased in population and wealth. 

Physical Features. — Atchison is principally a prairie country, 
almost exclusively agricultural in its interests. It may be divided into 
three natural belts or districts : First, the Missouri bottom on the west 
side of the county; second, a bluff and timber district, lying between 
the bottom lands and the upland prairies; third, the prairie district, 
comprising nearly all of the east half of the county. The Missouri bot- 
toms are exceedingly fertile, and produce good crops of wheat and 
smaller grains, though corn is the principal product. The whole bottom, 
except the timber skirting the Missouri River, is in cultivation, and is 
known as the ''Egypt of the North-west." 

The bluff and timber district lies immediately east of the Missouri 
bottom, and furnishes most of the native timber for fuel, posts and build- 
ing material for other portions of the county. It is also the best adapted 
portion for fruits of the various kinds usually grown'in similar latitudes. 
It is an average country for the production of corn, wheat, barley, 
etc. — somewhat better for the smaller grains than the Missouri Bottom. 

The third district, consisting of about two hundred thousand acres 
or more, on the east side of the county, is almost wholly composed of 
rolling, upland prairies, diversified by numerous small but unfailing 



44 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

streams of pure water. Some of the larger ones, especially the Big Tar- 
kio, have a limited amount of timber upon them. 

Streams fed by springs are numerous, and furnish all the water necessary 
for stock purposes, while wells dug at a small expense give pure water in 
the greatest abundance for all domestic uses. 

The Missouri River flows in a south-easterly course along the entire 
western border of the county, the other streams flowing south-westwardly 
into the Missouri. The Nishnabotna (Good Canoe) River enters the 
county on the north line and follows the bluffs in a south-easterly direc- 
tion. Several years ago the stream cut its channel into the Missouri 
River at a point near the north line, and emptied its waters into the 
Missouri some 40 miles above its original mouth. The K. C, St. J. & 
C. B. R. R. Co. built a dam below its present mouth, and now most of 
its waters flow through the new channel. This old channel completely ' 
drains the "bottom" lands, rendering them the finest and richest in the 
county. Big Tarkio and West Fork, Middle Fork and East Fork of Big 
Tarkio, are in the north-eastern and central parts, and Little Tarkio, East 
Fork of Little Tarkio, and the head waters of Squaw Creek, are in the 
south-east. 

The bluffs on the Missouri River are a striking feature in the topogra- 
phy of this county. They are steep, sloping or rounding in every direc- 
tion, like miniature mountain peaks, from the tops of which the view is 
often beautiful and extensive. At a distance they apppear like walls of 
rock, but are ' ' bluffs. ' ' These bluffs, extending one to two miles eastward 
from the river, are being cleared — orchards and vineyards taking the place 
of the original forests upon them. 

Agricultural Productions. — Corn is the principal crop, but all 
varieties of wheat, oats, barley and rye, are largely and profitably raised ; 
also hemp and tobacco to some extent. But little attention has been 
given to cultivated grasses, the prairies furnishing all the pasture and hay 
heretofore needed. Where much pastured, the prairie grass is giving 
way to blue grass, which will eventually supersede the wild grasses. 

Apples grow to a perfection seldom found in other places. Peaches, 
plums and cherries all do well. Berries of all kinds adapted to this cli- 
mate, produce abundantly. 

Horses, mules, cattle and hogs are raised, the first principally for home 
use — the others for market. Stock-raising and feeding is by far the most 
important interest in the county. For a few years past sheep-raising has 
received considerable attention. 

The land in cultivation approximates to only one-fourth of the entire 
area. The gregit depth of the soil and its ready absorption of water, 
peculiarly adapts it to agriculture ; even after heavy rains plowing can be 
done, and the retention of moisture prevents dry weather from cutting off 
the growing crops. 



ATCHISON COUNTY. 



45 



The Manufacturing Interests have not been very much developed, 
although some very desirable locations for mills and manufactories can be 
had upon the smaller streams. Prominent among those needed are 
woolen mills, agricultural machinery manufactories, and a number of 
flouring mills. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^5,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs R. R. runs 
through the county from north to south, having 26 miles of track. The 
Quincy, Missouri «&: Pacific R. R. is projected through Atchison ; and the 
Burlington & Mo. River R. R. connects with the K. C, St. J. & C. B. 
R. R. at Hamburg, Iowa, near the northern line of the county, affording 
with the river, excellent facilities for transportation. * 

The Exports are corn, wheat, cattle, hogs, fruit and flour. 

Educational. — The county has made great progress under the public 
school system, being well supplied in all its sub-districts with good schools, 
and competent teachers. Many of the buildings are of brick — handsome, 
substantial and well furnished. The county hasaschool fund of ^125,000. 

Homer is a post-office 12 miles e. of Rockport. 

Irish Grove (Milton), 5 miles n. of Corning, has a public school,, 
3 stores, I wagon shop, a large saw and grist mill, etc. 

London is a post-office 18 miles e. n. e. of Rockport. 

Milton. — See Irish Grove. 

Nishnabotna, on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R,, 127 miles north 
of Kansas City, has i general store. 

North Star (Scott City), 2 miles w. of Phelps and 8 iftiles w. of Rock- 
port, is on the Missouri River. It has a population of about 200, and 
contains an M. E. Church, a public school house, 2 flouring mills, a hotel, 
warehouse, stock yard, and 3 general stores. There is a ferry at this place 
to Brownsville, just opposite in Nebraska. 

Phelps City, on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 135 miles north 
of Kansas City, is located in a rich agricultural region. It is a favorite 
resort for stock dealers and shippers. The facilities for grazing and feed- 
ing are so good in this neighborhood, that thousands of cattle and hogs 
are driven here, fattened and shipped. It has about 250 inhabitants, 4 
stores and a lirtTnber yard. 

Rich (Sonora) is a p. o. on the Missouri River, 2 miles w. of Watson. 

ROCKPORT, the county seat, 5 miles e. of Phelps City, is situated 
on Rock Creek, near the centre of the county. It was laid out and the 
records removed thither from Linden, the old county seat, in 1856. The 
place grew slowly at first, but since 1870 its progress has been steady and 
its population is now about 800. The business houses are mostly sub- 
stantial brick buildings. Two new school buildings, costing ;^ 16,000, 
afford ample educational facilities. There are 3 churches — M. E. Ch.,. 

* Assessed valuation in 1873, J3j494>838. Taxation, Jo. 45 per Jioo. No county [debt. 



46 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Baptist and German Lutheran — aggregate value, $12,000, and i Masonic 
and I 1. O. O. F. Lodge. The town has about 20 stores, 2 wagon shops, 
I brewery, i bank, 2 hotels, and 2 newspapers — The Atchison County 
Journal, published by Dopf & McCreary, and The Granger's Advocate, 
by Hassners & Willard. There is a large flouring mill on Rock Creek, 
within the limits of the town, and 2 other grist mills on the same creek, 
within 2 miles of the town. 

Scott City.— See North Star. 

Sonera. — See Rich. 

Watson, on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 141 miles north of 
Kansas City, situated in the centre of a fine farming district, is a good 
trading and shipping point. It has a population of about 200, and con- 
tains 5 general stores, i church — Cumberland Presbyterian, also used by 
other denominations — and a school house. 

Union City, 3 miles e. of Phelps, has a church, store, etc. 



AUDRAIN COUNTY, 

In the north-east-central part of the State, is bounded north by Monroe 
and Ralls, east by Pike and Montgomery, south by Montgomery, Callaway 
and Boone, and west by Boone and Randolph Counties, and has an area of 
441,927 acres. 

Population in 1840, 1,949; in 1850, 3,506; in i860, 8,075; in 1870, 
12,307; of whom 11,237 were white, and 1,070 colored; 6,417 male, 
and 5,890 female; 11, 720 native, (6,433 born ^^ Missouri) and 587 foreign. 

History. — The first settlement of the county was made in 1830 by 
emigrants from Kentucky, who were soon followed by others from North 
Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia. The county was organized and the 
county seat located, Dec. 17, 1836. In these early days, when settlements 
were very few, and the population sparse, the people were much troubled by 
wolves, which made havoc among their domestic animals. The prairies 
abounded with elk, deer and bears, which afforded hunting sport as well 
as sustenance to the pioneers. 

Previous to 1854, the larger portion of the lands in Audrain, were still 
held by the Government. In that year they were sold under the "Grad- 
uation Act," and most of them brought a "bit" an acre. This sale 
drew many inhabitants from adjoining counties, and the cabins of 
"homesteaders" arose all over the rolling prairies. Many of these still 
stand, but are gradually giving place to the finer dwellings of the thrifty 
and wealthier inhabitants of to-day. 

Physical Features. — Audrain lies on the "divide," between the 
Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. The surface of the country is generally 
high and rolling, prairie land predominating. The soil is usually a 
clayey loam, with clay sub-soil that retains moisture and consequently 
responds liberally to the application of fertilizers, and is therefore suscept- 
ible of a very high state of cultivation. There is sufficient sand in the 
soil to warm it up early in the spring, thus giving vegetation the advantage 
of the entire season. But little of the land is too rough to plow or too 
low to produce good crops. 

There are no streams in the county large enough to deserve the name 
of rivers, although one is so called. Salt River, Reese's Fork, Long 
Branch, Young's Creek, South Creek, Davis' Fork, Beaver Dam, Littleby 
and Lick Creeks, all tributaries of Salt River, and the West Fork of 
Cuivre River in the eastern part of the county, afford an abundant supply 
of water for stock at all times. There are but few natural springs— 



48 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

water lor domestic purposes being mainly obtained from wells or cisterns. 

Timber is abundant along the streams, and much of it is of good 
quality for sawing. White oak, hickory and black oak are most abundant, 
while burr oak, elm, maple, walnut, sycamore, linn or basswood and 
birch are found in plentiful supply, and of a size suitable for lumber. 

The Agricultural Productions are chiefly hay, corn, wheat, oats, 
rye and buckwheat. Potatoes and sweet potatoes succeed well. Tobacco 
was formerly cultivated to some extent, but since the war has not been 
much grown. Recently considerable attention has been given to fruit- 
raising, to which the climate and soil are adapted, and large orchards 
have been planted. Small fruits have not, so far, received the attention 
which they merit, but those who have engaged in their cultivation have 
been well rewarded. Grapes yield remarkably well. 

Not half of the arable land is yet subjected to tillage. Thousands of 
acres of wild prairie remain unenclosed over which flocks and herds roam 
at liberty. The leading business of the farmers of Audrain is stock-raising. 
No better grass-producing country exists than this portion of Missouri, and 
cattle, mules, sheep and swine are raised by thousands. 

Mineral Resources. — Bituminous coal is the only mineral yet found 
in paying quantities. It crops out near the surface of ravines, and is 
easily obtained by "drifting." Some shafts have been sunk and paying 
veins are usually found at a depth of from 20 to 50 feet below the surface. 
Some few ledges of fine cannel coal have been discovered, and it is believed 
to exist in considerable quantities in the northern part of the county. 

The Manufacturing Interests of Audrain, outside of Mexico, 
have not been developed to any extent, being confined to a iQ.\i saw and 
grist mills. 

^Vealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^8,503,407.* 

Railroads. — There are 62 miles of railroad in the county, of which 
the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway have 27 and the Chicago 
& Alton Railroad 35 miles. The railroad debt is 1 200,000. 

The Exports consist of hay, oats, corn, horses, mules, cattle and hogs. 

Educational. — Audrain County is well supplied in all its sub-districts 
with public schools, many of them having commodious and well-furnished 
buildings already completed, while others are in course of construction. 
The system has been adopted since 1865. 

Through the munificence of Hon. Charles H. Hardin, State Senator 
from this district, the "Hardin College" for young ladies, has recently 
been founded, and opened its first session with 100 scholars. Mr. Har- 
din generously gave the buildings and ten acres of ground, besides endow- 
ing it with $40,000. A private subscription of $30,000 is now being 
raised to erect a larger and more substantial edifice. This institution is 
located in Mexico, the county seat. 

^ * Assessed valuation for 1873, ^4,643,289. Taxation, ^1.95 per ^loo. Bonded debt ^210,000, 



AUDRAIN COUNTY. 49 

Barneyville. — See Hickory Creek. 

Benton City, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 7 miles e. of Mex- 
ico, contains i general store. 

Farber, on the C. «Sr A. R, R., 19 miles e. of Mexico, has i store, 
I grocery, i hotel and several shops. 

Hickory Creek (Barneyville) is a post-ofifice 22 miles e. of Mexico. 

John's Branch is a post-ofifice 11 miles e. of Mexico. 

Ladonia, on the C. & A. R. R., 15 miles e. n. e. of Mexico, has a 
population of about 200 and contains a good school house and 2 stores. 

Le Roy, a post-office 10 miles e. n. e. of Mexico. 

Littleby, a post-office 9 miles n. e. of Mexico. 

Martinsburgh, on the St. L., K. C. &N. R.[,W., 14 miles s.e. of Mex- 
ico, has a population of about 500. It has i church, i school house, 6 
stores and a cheese factory. 

MEXICO, the county seat, is situated at the junction of the L. & M. 
R. R. R. (Mo. Br. of C. & A.) with the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W. about 
108 miles from St. Louis, 51 miles from Jefferson City and 325 miles 
from Chicago. It was laid off as a town in 1836 by Smith & Mansfield, 
but being so far inland did not make much progress in population or 
business for twenty years. At length the opening of the N. M. R. 
R. in 1857 gave vigor to the apathetic town, and, arousing from the Rip 
Van Winkle sleep, she made rapid strides in wealth and population, until 
now the latter reaches 5,000, and she has become an important shipping 
and commercial point. Her trade extends 40 or 50 miles into the coun- 
try, in all directions. Besides a handsome public school edifice, where 
over 600 pupils are in attendance, it has the Hardin College, already 
noticed under the head of Education. It has 8 churches — Baptist, M. 
E. Church, M. E. Church South, Christian, Catholic, Episcopal, Presby- 
terian, Baptist, Colored Baptist and Methodist — aggregate value about 
g8o,ooo. It also has i merchant flouring mill, 2 grist and saw mills, i 
woolen and carriage factorj^, 2 wagon shops, i plow factory, i machine 
shop, I soap and candle factory, 4 job printing offices and newspapers 
— Missouri Messenger, published by Milton F. Simmons; Intelligencer, 
published by Hutton & Jacks ; Leader, published by J. Linn Ladd, 
and the Agriculturalist, published by W. G. Church. Mexico has many 
natural advantages as a manufacturing center. The railroads afford easy 
access to all parts of the country, while fuel is abundant and cheap, and 
in addition to this all manufacturing enterprises are exempt from taxation 
for many years to come. 

Thompson's Station, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 5 miles 
n. w. of Mexico, and has i general store. 

Vandalia, on the C. & A. R. R., 24 miles e. n. e. of Mexico, has a 
population of about 300, with 5 stores, i wagon shop, etc. 

Young's Creek is a post-office 10 miles n. n. w. of Mexico. 



BARRY COUNTY, 

Near the south-western corner of the State, is bounded north by Lawrence 
County, east by Stone, south by Arkansas, and west by McDonald and 
Newton Counties, which separate it from the Indian Territory, and con- 
tains 501,760 acres. 

Population in 1840, 4,795 > ^^ 1850, 3,467 ; in i860, 7,995 ; in 1870, 
10,373; of whom 10,320 were white, and 52 colored ; 5,224 male, and 
5,149 female; 10,345 native (4,946 born in Missouri) and 28 foreign. 

History. — The county was first settled in 1828 by Mr. Washburn, on 
the prairie which now bears his name. Between that time and 1834, 
settlements were made on Flat Creek by the Locks and Bratins ; by Jerry 
Fly and one, Joyce, on Joyce Creek ; by Wm. Logan, on Shoal Creek ; and 
by Daniel Meeks, on the headwaters of Sugar Creek. The county was 
organized January 5, 1835, ^^^ originally embraced all the territory from 
which the counties of Barton, Dade, Jasper, McDonald, Newton, and (in 
part) Cedar, have been formed. It was reduced to its present limits 
January 24, 1849. The " Jackson State Legislature " met in 1861 at Cass- 
ville, which was a military post, during the late war. The first battle in 
the county was fought in Mountain township, in the eastern part of the 
county, about the last of July, 1861, between the Home Guard, on 
one side, and the State Guards and some Texan Rangers on the other. 
Early in 1862, Washburn was the scene of a sharp fight between a Texas 
Regiment, under Col. Stone, and the First Missouri Cavalry, under Maj. 
Montgomery. Gadfly was, for a time during war, the headquarters of the 
Union element in the county. 

Physical Features. — The northern and north-western parts of the 
county are rolling prairies, interspersed with timbered valleys. The 
eastern and south-eastern parts are hilly, and the southern part moun- 
tainous, with fertile valleys, while the south-western and western portions 
are high, undulating plains. About one-fourth of the county is prairie, 
the balance timber — oak, hickory, cherry, walnut, &c. The county is 
well supplied with water. White River runs through, and with its tribu- 
taries, Roaring River, Rock, Big and Butler Creeks, drains the south- 
eastern part of the county. Flat Creek with its tributaries, Rockhouse, 
Jenkins and Carney's Creeks, are in the north-eastern and northern; and 
Shoal, Joyce and Sugar Creeks in the western, and the two Capp's Creeks 
in the north-western part of the county. 

Among the many prairies we mention King's in the north, Hickum's 
in the south-east, Washburn's in the south, Round in the south-west, and 



52 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

Stone's in the north-west. About one-half of the county is good, tillable 
land, with a rich black and brown soil, having a subsoil of red or yellow 
clay. Roaring River Springs, and the many caves in the Ozark Mountains, 
in the eastern and south-eastern part of the county, are objects of interest 
to tourists and explorers. 

The Agricultural Productions are mainly corn, wheat, tobacco, 
oats, potatoes — Irish and sweet. Fruits generally yield well when 
cultivated. There is about 100,000 acres of Government land in the 
county, and the Atlantic & Pacific Railroad own about 200,000 acres 
which they offer for sale at ;^5 to ^10 per acre.* 

Mineral Resources. — Lead has been found in nearly every town- 
ship in the county, but has not been developed in paying quantities. 
Iron, with indications that promise well, has been discovered 7 miles 
s. e. and 18 miles e. of Cassville. Building stone is abundant. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^2, 500, 000. f 

The Exports are wheat, corn, flour, horses, mules, cattle, hogs, and 
sheep. 

Educational Interests are receiving increased attention. There are 
69 public schools — including two high schools in the county. 

Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific Railroad has about 6 miles of track 
and I station, Plymouth, in the northern part of the county. 

CASSVILLE, the county seat, and principal town, located on Flat 
Creek, near the centre of the county, 22 miles from Peirce City, and 
Verona the usual railroad stations, contains about 8 stores and i newspaper 
— the Cassville Democrat, John Ray, M. D., editor and publisher. The 
commodious court house is used by the different denominations for church 
purposes. Population, 300. 

Corsicana (formerly Gadfly), 12 miles n. w. of Cassville, has a few 
stores, a carding machine and flouring mill. Population about 100. 

El Paso, a p. o. 8 miles w. of Cassville. 

Flat Creek, a p. o. 17 miles e. of Cassville. 

Gadfly. — See Corsicana. 

Hazle Barrens, a p. o. 18 miles s. e. of Cassville. 

Herdsville, a p. o. 15 miles s of Cassville. 

Keetsville. — See Washburn. 

McDowell, a p. o. 12 miles n. e. of Cassville. 

Mountain Cove, a p. o. 8 miles s. of Cassville. 

Plymouth, on the A. & P. R. R., 285 miles from St. Louis. 

Roaring River, a p. o. 13 miles s. of Cassville. 

Shell Knob, a p. o. 18 miles s. e. of Cassville. 

^Vashburn (formerly Keetsville), on Wa.shburn Prairie, 8 miles s. W. 
of Cassville, has about 8 stores. Population about 200. 

*The Railroad Comp.-iny requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to^i>e 
paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offer free transportation from St. Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix — Page 

t Assessed valuation in 1873, Ji, 527,137. County out of debt. 



BARTON COUNTY, 

In the south-western part of the State, is bounded north by Vernon 
County, east by Cedar and Dade, south by Jasper County, and west by 
Kansas, and contains 378,100 acres. 

Population.— In i860, 1,817; in 1870, 5,087; of whom 5,068 were 
white and 19 colored; 2,698 male, and 2,389 female; 4,931 native 
(1,518 born in Missouri) and 156 foreign. 

History. — This county was organized from the northern part of 
Jasper, December 12th, 1855. During the late Civil War it suffered 
much, and was almost entirely depopulated, but has rapidly recuperated. 

Physical Features. — The surface of this county is generally high 
table lands, sufficiently undulating to be well drained, yet level enough 
for all agricultural purposes. These lands are principally prairie, inter- 
spersed with extensive groves of timber — linn, hickory, oak, locust, wal- 
nut, sycamore, cedar, cottonwood and elm, of which, if properly pre^ 
served, there is sufficient for all practical purposes. Muddy, or tTie North 
Fork of Spring River, in the south-eastern part of the county, is the 
principal stream. Coon Creek, in the south-east. North and West Forks, 
in the south-west, the two Drywoods in the north-west, and Horse Creek 
in the north-east of the county, each with their tributaries furnish an 
abundance of water for stock. Numerous springs are found throughout 
the county. Large bodies of fertile valley lands lie contiguous to all the 
larger streams. The soil of the prairies is a dark, sandy loam, rich and 
very productive. Nearly every section of the county is susceptible of 
profitable cultivation. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats and rye. 
Barley and buckwheat and potatoes do well. Apples, pears, peaches, 
plums and grapes, yield abundantly. Flax, cotton, tobacco and 
the castor bean, are successfully raised on a small scale. Barton has 
about 65,000 acres of cultivated lands. Improved farms average about 
^15 per acre; unimproved lands ^4 to $5 per acre. 

Mineral Resources. — Coal underlies the whole county, but has 
only been developed so far as needed for home consumption, sufficiently, 
however, to prove its existence in immense quantities. Iron and lead 
have been discovered but not developed. 

^A^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $3,000,000.* 
Educational.— There are in the county 49 sub-districts, about 38 good 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, #1,882,939. Taxation, j?i.35 per $100. Bonded debt, $27,000. Floating 
debt, ^57,500. 



54 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 

frame school houses, and about 45 schools in session every year. The 
common school fund belonging to the county is ^75,000. Lamar has 
a graded school of four departments. 

Baker's Grove (Fairbanks) is a p. o. 10 miles n. n. w. of Lamar. 

Barton City is a post-office 13 miles n. w. of Lamar. 

Caput is a post-office 7 miles w. n. w. of Lamar. 

Coon Creek (Midway — Dublin), 10 miles s. of Lamar, contains 2 
general stores, i wagon shop and a lime-kiln. 

Dublin. — See Coon Creek. 

Doylesport is a post-office 10 miles n. n. e. of Lamar, 

Fairbanks. — See Baker's Grove. 

Golden City, 14 miles s. e. of Lamar, contains 4 general stores. 

Horse Creek (Newport), 10 miles e. n. e. of Lamar, has a store 
and saw mill. 

LAMAR, the county seat, centrally located on the east bank of the 
North Fork of Spring River, was incorporated in 1858, and at the com- 
mencement of the Civil War contained a population of about 300, but was 
entirely destroyed by the contending factions. It has, however, been 
rebuilt on its old site, and is thriving. Nevada, its nearest station on the 
M., K. & T. R. R., is 24 miles north; and Carthage, on the M., C. & 
N. W. R. R., is 25 miles south, and Fort Scott about 35 miles west. It 
contains 3 churches — Baptist, Catholic and Methodist. In 1870 a graded 
school was completed at a cost of ^12,000. It contains a bank, 2 hotels, 
I flouring and saw mill, and about a dozen stores. 

Le Roy is a post-office 20 miles n. w. of Lamar. 

Midway. — See Coon Creek. 

Milford, 10 miles n. e. of Lamar contains 2 stores. 

Nashville, 18 miles s. w. of Lamar, has i general store. 

Newport. — See Horse Creek. 



BATES COUNTY, * 

On the western border of the State, is bounded north by Cass County, 
east by Henry and St. Clair, south by Vernon, and west by the Kansas 
State Line, and has an area of 538,638 acres. 

Population in 1850, 3,669; in i860, 7.215; in 1870, 15,960; of 
whom 15,840 were white and 120 colored ; 8,541 male, and 7,419 female ; 
15,422 native (5,383 born in Missouri), and 538 foreign. 

History.— The Osage Indians occupied this region until 1824, when 
some missionaries, who had traveled from New York in keel boats, landed 
near the present site of 'Papinville. The Indians received them in the most 
friendly manner, and the missionaries had no difficulty in taking possession 
of the 3 sections of land which the Government had donated them. 

They selected for their establishment a very beautiful location above 
high water level, partly timber and partly prairie, near a little brook 
which they called Mission Branch; this with the Marais des Cygnes 
(Osage) River, which at this place is about 200 feet wide, running over a 
gravelly bed and easy of access, afforded plenty of water. They built a 
mill, store, blacksmith shop, church and several dwelling houses, also 
planted an orchard of apple trees. They called the settlement Harmony 
Mission, and dwelt among the Osage Indians for many years, doing what 
they could to teach and civilize them. Aftpr the Indians were removed 
to the Indian Territory, the missionaries broke up the establishment and 
located in different parts of the county where some of them who were then 
young still reside with their descendants. 

The county was established January i6th, 1833, and organized January 
29th, 1841. In 1854 it was reduced to its present limits, and Decem- 
ber 4th, 1855, Butler was made the county seat. 

At this date two-thirds of the land was held by the Government, but in 
three years it was nearly all entered, mostly by actual settlers, and from 
that time until the breaking out of the Civil War, there was a steady immi- 
gration induced by the rich lands and the facilities for stock-raising. 

In 1 86 1, Butler, the county seat, was a well built town with a population 
of about 1000, and the people generally throughout the county were in a 
prosperous condition. Being on the border it became the prey of Kansas 
jayhawkers, and Missouri bushwhackers. 

In 1863, Gen. Ewing issued his famous order No. 11,* and wnen the 
15 days had expired, nearly every inhabitant had crossed its border, and 

* Ordering the inhabitants to leave the county within fifteen days. 



56 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

for three years its history was a blank. During these years the prairie 
fires swept over the land, adding to the desolation. In the spring of 1866, 
some of the former inhabitants returned, but with a very few exceptions, 
not a vestige of their old homes was left, save the chimneys rising above 
beds of rank weed's. The richness of the land, however, could not be 
destroyed. Settlers flocked in rapidly, and with peace came prosperity. 

Physical Features. — The county is an undulating prairie, occasion- 
ally interspersed with timber. There are a few mounds from 50 to 200 
feet high. The soil is a rich loam, sometimes 5 to 8 feet thick, underlaid 
with red clay. The county is well watered. The Osage River, running 
south-easterly in the southern part, is the largest stream. It has been navi- 
gated by steamboats to Papinville, and is well adapted to driving ma- 
chinery. Grand River, the next in size, and which forms part of the 
northern boundary of the county, also furnishes good water power. The 
other streams are Miami, Mormon, Elk, Deepwater, Panther, Deer, 
Mound, Mulberry, Walnut, Bone, Cove, Peter and Muddy Creeks, all of 
which furnish plenty of water for stock. 

About one-fifth of the county is covered with good timber — white, 
black, water, post and spotted oak, black-walnut, hickory, locust, syca- 
more, linn, Cottonwood, maple, cherry, mulberry, ash, elm, red-bud, 
box-elder, coffee-bean and pecan, found chiefly along the banks of the 
streams. 

Mineral Resources. — The county seems to rest on a bed of coal. 
A mine 2 miles n. w. of Butler, has a 3 feet seam of e'xcellent coal only 
8 feet below the surface. 8^ miles n. w. of Butler is a mine which has 
been worked for a number of years, and has a 3 feet seam from 2 to 10 
feet below the surface. The coal from this mine brings a higher price 
than any other in Butler, from blacksmiths. Two other mines of excel- 
lent coal are worked — one 6 miles n. w. and another 1 1 miles north of 
Butler. 

The Manufacturing Interests are noticed under the different 
towns where they are located. 

^Vealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $8,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad has 6 miles of 
track in the south-eastern part of the county. The Lexington, Lake & 
Gulf Railroad is graded and bridged through the county, north and 
south. 

The Exports are corn, wheat, oats, apples and stock; and it only 
needs a railroad to make coal a leading export. 

Educational, — The county has a school fund of $95,796.86. There 
are about 100 sub-school-districts, each having a commodious school 
house. 

Altona, 12 miles n. e. of Butler, laid out by Wm, Crawford January 

* Assessed valuation for 1873, J5, 552,011. Taxation, Jo. 70 per Jioo. 



BATES COUNTY. 57 

29th, i860, is in the midst of a fine agricultural region, and has i public 
school, I Masonic hall, i flouring mill, and 3 stores. Population about 200. 

Burdett, on Mormon Creek, 15 miles n. w. of Butler, was laid out by 
Hon. S. S. Burdett, September 27, 1870. It has one public school, i 
saw-mill, and 5 stores. 

BUTLER, the county seat, is located at the center of the county, 
1 8 miles n. w. of Rockville, the usual shipping point. The town was 
burned during the Civil War, but in 1866 the officers of the county 
returned to the site with the records, and two small houses were built, 
one for a court-house and one for a clerk's office. Since that time the 
town has been steadily rebuilding, and has a present population of 2,800. 
It has a handsome court-house, completed in 1872, costing ^35,000, 2 
public schools, 4 churches — Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian and Cum- 
berland Presbyterian — 2 flouring-mills and i woolen factory, 7 dry goods, 
6 grocery, 3 drug, 2 hardware stores, 2 hotels, 3 harness, 2 jewelry, 2 furni- 
ture, 3 tin and stove stores, 4 wagon shops, and 2 newspapers — The 
Democrat, published by Wade & Scudder, and The Record, published by- 
Austin & Stone. 

Chestnut Grove, a post-office, 16 miles s. w. of Butler. 

Coleville is a post-office 12 miles n. e. of Butler. 

Cove City is a post-office 17 miles n. e. of Butler. 

Crescent Hill, 12 miles n. of Butler, has i public school and 7 stores. 
Population about 300. 

Elkhart is a post-office 9 miles n. w. of Butler. 

Hudson is a post-office 13 miles s. e. of Butler. 

Johnstown, 16 miles n. e. of Butler, was surveyed by John Herbert 
in 1854, and has i public school, 2 hotels, i saw-mill and 5 stores. 
Population about 200. There is a valuable coal mine on the outskirts of 
the village. 

Lone Oak is a post-office 7 miles s. e. of Butler. 

Marvel is a post-office 11 miles s. w. of Butler. 

Mulberry is a post-office 14 miles n. w. of Butler. 

New Home is a post-office 11 miles s. w. of Butler. 

Papinville, 16 miles s. e. of Butler, at the head of navigation on the 
Osage River, was, until 1854, the county seat of Vernon County. There 
is a good wooden bridge across the river, i public school, i flouring and 
saw-mill, 3 wagon shops and 12 stores. Population about 550. 

Pleasant Gap, one of the oldest places in the county, was laid out 
by Joseph Smith. It is very beautifully situated, commanding a view of 
Papinville, Rockville, Prairie City and the timber of the Osage River. 
This place escaped fire during the war, and when the county government 
was re-organized it afforded a temporary shelter for the county records 
and officials. 

Prairie City, 18 miles s. e. of Butler, was laid out by J. N. Darand, 



58 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

May 7, 1859, and was a thriving village until the location of Rockville, 
on the M., K. & T. R. R. 

Rich Hill is a post-office 10 miles s. w. of Butler. 

Rockville, 18 miles s. e. of Butler, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 67 
miles from Sedalia, was laid out by the Rockville Town Co., November 
15, 1870, and has a good stone public school-house and a number of 
business houses. 

Vinton is a post-office 12 miles n. w. of Butler. 

Virginia is a post-office 8 miles n. w. of Butler. 

Walnut Creek is a post-office 12 miles s. w. of Butler. 

\A*^est Point, 18 miles n. w. of Butler and j^ mile from the State Line^ 
was surveyed by Col. T. B. Arnett and Sidney Adams in 1843. ^^ that 
time it had a good trade with the Miami Indians west of the State Line. 
It was destroyed by fire during the war, but has since been rebuilt It has 
5 stores. Population about 200. 



BENTON COUNTY, 

In the west-central part of the State, is bounded north by Pettis County, 
east by Morgan and Camden, south by Hickory, and west by St. Clair 
and Henry Counties, and contains 468,432 acres. 

Population in 1840, 4,205; in 1850, 5,015; in i860, 9,072; in 1870, 
11,322; of whom 11,002 were white, and 320 colored; 5,850 male, and 
5,472 female; 10,198 native (6,166 born in Missouri) and 1,124 foreign. 

History. — The county was settled mainly by emigrants from Ken- 
tucky, Virginia and Tennessee. Among the earliest were Bledsoe, Kin- 
kead and others, in 1834. Bledsoe's Ferry, on the Osage, was in early days 
a noted crossing on the road from Palmyra, through Boonville, to Fort 
Smith and the Cherokee Nation. 

The county was organized Jan. 3rd, 1835, the courts being held in a 
dwelling near Bledsoe's Ferry. Stephen Houser and others settled Osage, 
and a post-office was established there in 1836. The name was changed 
to Warsaw and the county seat located there in 1838. 

There originated in this county, about 1841, the Turk or Slicker War,* 
a feud between Hiram K. Turk, a slicker, and Howard Sutleff and others, 
anti-slickers, which was kept up by midnight thrashings and road-side 
assassinations, until the sympathies of nearly all in the vicinity were 
enlisted on one side or the other. Many bloody tragedies occurred, and 
the history of the "Turk War" has always possessed much romantic 
interest for the people of this part of the State. Little anxiety however 
was felt for the safety of person or property, outside of the leaders and 
their immediate partisans, as few others took any active part in the affair. 
It was terminated by the death or flight to Texas of those most prominent 
in it. 

During the late Civil War the whole community was thrilled with horror 
by the bloody affair at Cole Camp. The German residents of the vicinity- 
organized under Capt. Cook as friends of the Federal cause, and were 
encamped in and around barns about 2 miles east of Cole Camp. They 

* Parties of desperate character, such as sometimes flee from justice in better organized communities, 
established themselves among the hills in the vicinity of the new settlements and sallied forth to steal the 
horses from the settled portions of the State, as well as to prey upon the cattle, hogs and other property 
of the backswoodmen. The latter organized a vigilance committee known as " The Slickers " from their 
peculiar mode of administering punishment. Deciding that some one deserved chastisement, a committee 
was appointed to capture him. The offender was tied to a suitable tree, usually a black-jack, and " slicked" 
or whipped with hickory withes. He was then usually ordered to leave the county within a given time. 
Personal spite often actuated the slickers beyond, and sometimes contrary to, the demands of justice, and 
there was organized the " Anti-Slickers." These two powers made war against each other with savage 
cruelty, for there were honest but misguided men in both organizations, and each professed to be actuated 
by a desire to put down rascality and maintain the right. 



6o CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 

were surprised about daylight, June 19th, 1861, by two companies from 
Warsaw, who, knowing of the encampment, had marched all night for the 
purpose of attacking them. Over 100 of the Germans are said to have 
been killed — the remainder fleeing in every direction. The attacking 
party lost 6 or 7, among whom were some prominent citizens of Warsaw. 
No other event of the war produced such sorrow and dismay among the 
l^eople of Benton County, and the animosity of the Germans towards all 
who were engaged in the attack has scarcely yet died out. No other 
battle occurred in the county. The peace of the inhabitants, however, 
was so disturbed by bands of marauders and bushwhackers, that large 
numbers of them fled, mostly to other States, not returning to their 
homes until peace was established. In 1867-68 and '69 large numbers 
immigrated to the county, and since then the influx has been moderate 
but steady. 

Physical Features. — The general character of the county is broken 
— about one-third being undulating prairie, the remainder, rough timber 
land. The northern portion is principally prairie, and the central, along 
the Osage River, is broken and hilly, with excellent timber and extensive 
bottoms, some of which are under a good state of cultivation. 

The Osage River flows centrally through this county from west to east. 
The large streams of Pomnie de Terre and Grand River, Big Tebo and 
Cole Camp Creeks, flow into the Osage through the county ; Big Tebo 
entering Grand River 4 miles above its junction with the Osage. Little 
Tebo, Brush and Bear Creeks flow through the county from the north, 
and Hogle's Creek, Little Pomme de Terre, Turkey and Deer Creeks from 
the south. These creeks are good-sized streams. All the water courses 
of the county are filled with beautiful clear water, except Grand River and 
Big Tebo, which are generally muddy. The head-waters of Flat, Lake 
and Haw Creeks, tributaries of the La Mine, are also in Benton. 

The bottom lands along the streams are alluvial deposits, and well 
adapted to agriculture. 

The Clark Sulphur Springs, 4 miles, and the White Sulphur Springs, 10 
miles from Warsaw, are favorite summer resorts, although as yet no com- 
modious buildings have been erected. The waters are highly esteemed 
for their medicinal properties, and every summer, parties from a distance 
in large numbers come to derive benefit from the waters, and enjoy the 
novelty of camp life. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats and stock. 
Fruit-culture is receiving more attention, the small fruits succeeding 
admirably. There are about 50,000 acres of Government land and some 
Agricultural College lands still for sale in the county. 

Mineral Resources. — This county is situated in the midst of one 
of the great iron-bearing districts into which the State is divided by Prof. 
Pumpelly's Report on the Geology of Missouri. The existence of iron 



BENTON COUNTY. 6i 

was not generally known to the people of the county until 1872. Since 
then many valuable beds have been found. Scattering particles of ore are 
found in many places where digging does not develop any masses. There 
are probably as many as 100 ore-beds in the county — many of these of 
great richness. The ore is mainly brown hematite, but red hematite and 
blue specular ores are also found, the former in considerable quantities. 
Capitalists are now prospecting for new banks and developing those 
known, and Benton will undoubtedly soon take rank as one of the great 
iron-producing counties of the State. 

Lead has long been known to exist in many places in the county, and 
has to some extent been mined for market. New discoveries are con- 
stantly being made, but seldom in sufficient quantities to warrant mining. 
There is also in Benton an abundance of building stone and sand, also 
clay for brick. 

The Manufacturing Interests of Benton County are yet in abey- 
ance, though there are rich natural deposits and fine water power — plenty 
of fuel and excellent timber. There are 4 flouring and 7 saw-mills, also 
a mill recently erected on Grand River for cutting out timber for wagons, 
plows, etc. These, with those noted under the different towns and the 
usual complement of wagon, blacksmith and other shops, constitute the 
present manufactories of Benton. 

^A«^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $4,000,000.* 

Railroads. — 24 miles of the Osage Valley & Southern Kansas R. R. 
are graded from Warsaw to a point east of Cole Camp. This railroad is 
projected to Versailles in Morgan County, from which point it is graded 
to Tipton on the Mo. R R. R. The debt of ;^ 165, 000 is part of ;^ 200,000 
of bonds issued for this road. 

The Exports are wheat, stock, and prospectively iron. 

Education. — The public school system has been fully organized, good 
houses built, competent teachers employed, and the schools are in a 
prosperous condition. According to the returns of 1872, there were in 
the county 5,014 children of school age, 85 teachers, and 71 school-houses. 

Cloverdale, a post-office 14 miles n. w. of Warsaw. 

Cole Camp, 20 miles n. e. of Warsaw, on the O. V. & S. K. R. R., 
laid out by Blakey & Brother in 1857, has i church, i hotel, 5 stores, and 
I flouring and i saw-mill. The country south is timbered ; on the north, 
east and west it is a fine undulating prairie. 

Dell Delight, a post-office 7 miles s. e. of Warsaw. 

Duroc, a post-office 17 miles e. of Warsaw. 

Fairfield, on the Pomme de Terre River, 8 miles s. of Warsaw, con- 
tains 2 stores, and 2 saw and grist-mills. Population about 75. 



♦Assessed valuation for 1873, ^2,820,813. Bonded debt, ^165,000. Floating debt, a few warrants. 
Taxation, $1.79 per ^100. 



62 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

Fort Lyon, a p. o. 19 m. n. w. of Warsaw an4 8 m. s. of Windsor. 

Garrett's Mill, on Grand River, 3^ miles n. e. of Warsaw, does a 
large business in sawing, planing, hub and spoke manufacturing, etc. 

Haw Creek, 22 miles n. e. of Warsaw, contains i general store. 

Heimsath's Store. — See Lake Creek. 

Kreizel's Mill, a post-office 15 miles n. e. of Warsaw. 

Lake Creek (Heimsath's Store), a post-office 24 miles n. e. of Warsaw. 

Lincoln, 13 miles n. of Warsaw and 15 miles s. e. of Windsor, has 3 
stores, I saddle-tree manufactory, and i grist-mill. Population about 100. 

Mount View, 13 miles s. e. of Warsaw, has i general store. 

WARSAW, the county seat, on the left bank of the Osage River, is 
38 miles from Sedalia and 24 miles from Windsor (on the M. K. & T. R. 
R.). It has a population of about 500, contains 2 churches — valued at 
$1,200 each, I hotel, i public school-house, i bank, 15 stores, i carding 
machine, i flouring and i saw-mill and 2 newspapers — The Times, S. W. 
Smith, publisher, and The Benton County Democrat, Ben. R. Lingle, 
editor and publisher. 



BOLI.INGER COUNTY, 

In the south-eastern part of the State, and bounded north by Perry County, 
east by Cape Girardeau, south by Stoddard and Wayne, and west by 
Wayne and Madison Counties, contains 381,081 acres. 

Population in i860, 7,371; in 1870, 8,162; of whom 8,116 were 
white, and 46 colored; 4,135 male, and 4,027 female; 7,823 native (5,677 
born in Missouri) and 339 foreign. 

History. — Bollinger County was settled in 1800 by North Carolinians, 
and organized from parts of Cape Girardeau and Wayne, March i, 185 1, 
and named in honor of Maj. Bollinger, one of the early settlers, proverbial 
for his honesty and generosity — many of whose descendants still live in 
the county. There were two engagements in this county during the late 
Civil War; one in 1861 near Patton, and one in 1863 near Marble Hill 
(then Dallas), besides several skirmishes between scouting parties, and 
many murders and robberies by guerrillas. 

Physical Features. — The general surface of the county is broken 
and hilly, and in one part — Turkey Hill — mountainous, and is thoroughly 
drained by Castor, Big White, Water and Little White Water Rivers, and 
Crooked, Hurricane and Perkins Creeks. The soil is rich, and the land 
well timbered with oak, ash, hickory, walnut, cottonwood and pine. 
Many relics of the Indians still remain, such as mounds, granite toma- 
hawks, flint spikes, etc. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, 
tobacco, sorghum, and the various grasses, all of which yield abundantly. 
Apples, peaches, plums, pears, apricots, grapes, and all of the small fruits 
do well. But few farmers in this region have as yet given their attention 
to fruit-growing. There are in the county small amounts of Government 
and swamplands, and Hon. Thos. Allen has about 14,000 acres for sale 
on liberal terms.* 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $2, 106, 000. f 

The Mineral Resources of this county have not been developed, 
but it gives promise of being very rich in iron, lead, zinc, clays and ochres. 

Kaolin used in the manufacture of porcelain ware, cornish stone for the 
manufacture of ironstone china ware, pipe clay and fire clay, have been 
discovered in large quantities. 

Hematite iron ore is being mined and shipped extensively. 

* For full particulars see Appendix — Page 

t Assessed valuation in 1873, ^1,709,001. Floating debt about J2, 500. 



64 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL 

The Manufacturing Interests are chiefly confined to three steam 
and four water-power flouring-mills, and a number of saw mills. 

Railroads. — The Iron Mountain Railroad traverses the county from 
north to south, a distance of almost 20 miles, affording easy and speedy 
access to market. There are about 4 miles of the Illinois, Missouri & 
Texas Railway projected across the south-eastern corner of the county. 

The Educational Interests are taken care of in 45 sub-districts,, 
all of which are supplied with public schools at least 4 months each year. 

There are 50 churches in the county, consisting of Baptist, Methodist, 
Presbyterian, Christian, Episcopal, and Roman Catholic. 

Bessville, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 9 miles n. w. of Marble Hill, 
has I store, and is a shipping point for a considerable quantity of choice 
lumber. 

Bollinger's Mill, 16 miles s, of Marble Hill, has a large flouring-mil. 
and I store. 

Buchanan, a post-office 18 miles s. w, of Marble Hill, has i store. 

Castor, a post-office 16 miles w. of Marble Hill. 

DoUes Mills, 22 miles n. of Marble Hill, in a rich agricultural region,. 
contains a large water-power flouring-mill and i store. 

Glen Allen, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 3 miles n. w. of Marble 
Hill, has I store. 

Laflin, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 5 miles s. e. of Marble Hill, has 
I store, and is an important shipping point for railroad timber. 

Lutesville, on the St. L. «& I. M. R. R., 133 miles from St. Louis, 
and within a mile s. w. of Marble Hill, is a thriving village, containing i 
church — Methodist — i public school building, i newspaper — The Herald ^ 
T. S. Adams, publisher ; i hotel, i iron furnace in course of construction, 
I carriage and i stave factory, and about half a dozen stores. Population, 
including Slaybaugh's addition, about 900. 

MARBLE HILL, the county seat, built upon a hill of the same 
name just above the confluence of Hurricane and Crooked Creeks, near the 
centre of the county, was located under the name of Dallas, in 1852, and 
incorporated as Marble Hill in 1868. Its high elevation renders it free 
from any malaria that may arise from the low lands near it. It contains 
a church, public school building and court-house, i newspaper — the 
Standard, D. A. Burton, publisher; i steam saw and grist-mill, i carriage 
factory, i paint mill, one fair hotel several shops and about half a dozen 
stores. Population, about 500. 

Patton, 15 miles n. w. of Marble Hill, has i store. 

Sedwickville, 18 miles n. e. of Marble Hill, has 2 stores. 

Vinemont, about 5 miles s. e. of Marble Hill, in the centre of a 
German settlement, has i store and a Catholic church. 



a 




BOONE COUNTY, 

In the north-central part of the State, is bounded north by Randolph 
and Audrain Counties, east by Audrain and Callaway, south by Cole 
and Moniteau, and west by Cooper and Howard Counties, and contains 
430,600 acres. 

Population in 1821, 3,692; in 1830, 8,859; i^ 1840, 13,561; in 
1850, 14,979; ^^ i860, 19,486; in 1870, 20,765, of whom 16,727 were 
white, and 4,038 colored; 10,420 male and 10,345 female; 20,439 
native (14,990 born in Missouri) and 326 foreign. 

History. — The first settlement, in what is now Boone County, was 
made in 1812-13, at what a few years afterwards was called "Thrall's 
Prairie," by John Berry and Reuben Gentry; the latter was the father of 
Gen. Wm. Gentry, of Pettis Co. In 1815, immediately following the 
treaty by which the Indians relinquished all their country in Missouri 
Territory, north of the river. Robert Hinkson, William Callaham, 
William Graham, Reuben and Henry Cave located along the old '* Boone's 
Lick" trail, or old St. Charles Road, leading from St, Louis to Old 
Franklin, which was made by Benjamin Cooper and others in 18 10. In 
1 8 16, Augustus Thrall, Dr. Geo. B. Wilcox, Tyre Harris, Overton Harris, 
Anderson Woods, Wm. Leintz, the Wilhites and others settled on what is 
now Thrall's Prairie, in the western part of the county. These settlers 
are remembered as the honest and substantial pioneers of Boone, and are 
now represented by a line of worthy descendants, who have nobly devel- 
oped the work of civilization and progress, which their courage and 
energy inaugurated. The years 181 7 and 1818 witnessed a great influx of 
population to the "Boone's Lick Country," as all Central Missouri 
was then familiarly called. The immigrants were a solid class of 
people, who possessed the intelligence to perceive the undeveloped 
resources and bright future of Missouri, and the heroism to overcome the 
difficulties in its attainment. These early settlers were mainly from 
Kentucky (principally Madison county), Virginia, Tennessee and North 
Carolina. Of late years all sections of the Union have been represented, 
and a cordial reception awaits the honest immigrant. The county was 
organized from Howard, November i6th, 1820, and named in honor of 
Daniel Boone. The county seat was located at Smithton, i mile west of 
the present Columbia court-house, and named in honor of General T. A. 
Smith. The first county court was held February 23d, 1821, with 
officers as follows : Anderson Woods, Lazarus Wilcox and Peter Wright, 
justices; and Warren Woodson, clerk. The first circuit court was held at 



66 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

Smithton, beneath the branches of a sugar maple, on April 2nd, 1821 : 
David Todd, judge; Roger N. Todd, clerk; Overton Harris, sheriff; 
Hamilton R. Gamble, circuit-attorney. 

The county seat was removed from Smithton to Columbia, November 
15th, 182 1, on account of a failure in digging wells to strike veins of 
water in the former place. 

The first circuit court held in Columbia, was December 7th, 1821. 
The first election in the county was on August 5th, 1822, at which 557 
votes were polled. 

Physical Features. — About 76,800 acres of the county is beautiful 
undulating prairie, and the remainder 353,800 acres is timber land, which 
is rolling, except that along the creeks and the Missouri River, which is 
hilly. The timber is mainly white oak, sycamore, cottonwood, black and 
white ash, hackberry, linn, black and white walnut, maple, birch, cherry, 
elm, white and shell-bark hickory, honey locust, box elder and sassafras. 
Along the bluffs red cedar grows to perfection. The most valuable 
kinds of timber are still abundant. 

Boone is well watered. Cedar Creek in the east is a part of the eastern 
boundary line between Boone and Callaway, and empties into the Mis- 
souri about 3 miles below the south-east corner of the county. Petite 
Bonne Femme (Little Good Woman) rises near the center of the county 
and flows in a south-easterly direction to the Missouri. The Roche Percee 
(Pierced Rock), the most important stream in the county, rises on 
Grand Prairie in the extreme northern part, flows southward 
receiving on the east, Hinkson, Rocky Fork, Silver Fork, Graves' Fork, 
and on the west Lick's Fork and Sugar Creek, so called from the sugar 
maples on its banks. The Moniteau, or river of the " Great Spirit," inter, 
locks its head waters with those of the Roche Percee, forming a por^ 
tion of the western boundary, and empties into the Missouri River near 
Rocheport. The larger streams, though rapid and containing a great 
quantity of water when swollen by heavy rains, are not, ordinarily, reliable 
as water powers. 

There is no richer soil in the State than can be found in Boone County. 
It is diverse in character, and is adapted to the growth of all products 
known to the latitude. 

Professor G. C. Swallow enumerates the various soils of the county as 
follows: "The Elm, Resin Weed, Hickory and Equivalent Prairie, the 
White Oak and the Magnesian Limestone lands. The Elm lands abound, 
near Thrall's Prairie, in the west, and the Hickory lands around Colum- 
bia and between that city and Rocheport the White Oak lands in the 
south-east, west and north-west. The rich bottom lands have been 
greatly diminished in the last thirty years by the treacherous encroach- 
ments of the Missouri River, and, unless saved by artificial means, will 
all finally be swept away." 



BOONE COUNTY. 67 

All the cereals are cultivated with great success. The farming com. 
munity are very prosperous as a rule. Many farmers within a few years 
have amassed fortunes, relying alone on the marketable products of the 
soil and raising of stock. 

About 7 miles north-west from Columbia is Conner's Cave, the 
entrance of which is 20 feet wide and 8 feet high, which has been 
penetrated for several miles. A short distance above Rocheport are 
high cliffs of rocks, containing Indian hieroglyphics and numerous 
caves and springs. There is a natural bridge of considerable interest at 
Rockbridge, or McConathy's Mills, 6 miles south from Columbia, and in 
the southern part of the county there are numerous Indian mounds. 

On the University grounds at Columbia is a mineral spring possessing 
superior medicinal qualities. The analysis of one gallon of the water 
by Paul Schweitzer, Professor of Analytical Chemistry in the Univer- 
sity, gives the following result : silicic acid, 1.458 grains ; alumina, 
0.787; sulphate of lime, 95.777; sulphate of magnesia, 31.342; sul- 
phate of soda, 16.224; bi-carbonate of lime, 14.527; bi-carbonate of 
iron, 5.505; carbonic acid (free), 15.517; organic matter, 0.073; 
total, 181.210. The free carbonic acid, as found in the water, amounts 
to 32.147 cubic inches. This favorable showing must, in course of 
time, render this spring a frequent resort for invalids. 

Agricultural Productions.— The various soils of the county are 
adapted to the growth of corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, beans, potatoes, 
sorghum, hemp and tobacco ; the latter principally of a coarse quality. 
Much of the land is adapted to grape-culture, and this branch of 
business is largely on the increase. Great numbers of new vineyards 
are being planted every year, and soon the wine product will be an 
important item. 

This is the home of blue grass ; it often keeps one-fourth as much 
stock through the winter as in summer. During the summer, with the blue 
grass there is a fine growth of white clover, which is indigenous to the soil. 
The advantages which Boone possesses for the shipment of stock and 
produce, with the great Missouri on its south-western boundary, its rail- 
road connections, and its 60 miles of splendid turnpike, are not sur- 
passed by those of any county in the State. 

A few Alderneys have been imported, and many short-horned cattle 
are annually reared in the county. Many of the leading farmers are 
turning their attention in this direction. 

Great improvement has been made in hogs, by the importation of Berk- 
shire, Essex, Suffolk and the mixed breeds, Poland-China and Chester 
White. Cotswold, Leicester, Southdown and Merino sheep have been 
imported, and great improvement effected thereby. The " Prize Model 
Farm " of the State is on Thralls Prairie, and owned by Hon. John W. 
Harris, a son of one of the first settlers. 



68 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

Good farming and stock-raising lands, accessible to market and well- 
improved, sell at from ;g2o to ;^3o per acre. The best quality of land 
sells at from ;^4o to ^50 per acre. 

Mineral Resources. — But little has been done toward the discovery 
and development of the mineral resources of the county. Coal is the 
most important mineral product, and its development is increasing. 
More than one-half the northern part of the county is underlaid with 
superior coal, which generally lies near the surface. There are five beds, 
varying in thickness from one to five feet, and producing block coal, 
valuable for smelting iron, also a gas coal, nearly equal to that of Pitts- 
burg. Of other minerals, hydraulic limestone, fire clay, potters' and 
brick clay, limestone and sandstone suitable for building purposes, sand 
and limes for cements and gravel for roads and streets, all abound in 
large and superior quantities. Iron ores of fine quality are also found in 
several places. Lead has been found, but its extent is unknown. Sulphur 
also exists in considerable quantities. 

The Manufacturing Interests, aside from the country flouring 
and saw-mills, consist of tobacco, wagon and woolen factories, and are 
noticed under the different towns. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $15,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W. traverses 
one-half of the northern border of the county, having 12 miles of track. 
A branch of this road, 22 miles in length, connects Columbia with the 
main road at Centralia. To aid in the construction of these roads, the 
citizens of the county subscribed $325,000. They also subscribed 
$50,000 to aid the Louisiana & Mo. River R. R., which has been sur- 
veyed and graded through the county from east to west, 

Boone County has 4 excellent turnpike roads radiating from her 
county seat — one to Rocheport, west, distance 13 miles; one to Rocky 
Fork Church, in the north-western portion of the county, distance 7 
miles; one east to the Callaway border, distance 10 miles, and one to 
Claysville on the Missouri River, via Ashland, in the south-eastern part 
of the county, distance 28 miles. The principal streams are bridged, 
and the roads are kept in splendid condition, and through them the farmer 
has, at every season of the year, a ready and easy market communication. 

The Exports are corn, wheat, rye, oats, tobacco, fruit and stock. 

Educational Interests. — The public schools of this county are in 
a flourishing condition. There are in the county 115 sub-districts, 113 
school-houses, valued at $60,910, furniture worth $4,260; 8,981 children 
of school age, 5,671 attending school, and 136 teachers. The annual 
cost of the public schools is about $38,000. There are also a number of 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $7,164,284. Taxation, ^1.35 per Jioo. Bonded debt, ^383,600. Rocky 
Fork and Percle Township have $50,000 bonded debt for the L. & M. R. R. R. Betw^een 1866 and 1874 
the county paid $45,900 on bonds and interest, which promptness places it in excellent credit. 



BOONE COUNTY. 69 

excellent private schools and colleges noticed under the different towns, 
and the University of Missouri and Agricultural College described under 
heading of Columbia. 

Ashland, 14 miles e. s. e. of Columbia, in the center of a rich 
farming country, has a wagon manufactory, i church — Baptist, i 
public school, several stores, and a brisk trade. Population 300. 

Brown's, on the Col. Branch of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. R., 8 
miles n. of Columbia. 

Burlington, near the Missouri River, 18 miles s. of Columbia and 
14 miles n. w. of Cedar- City, has a few stores. 

Bush's, on the Columbia Branch of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. R., 
6 miles n. of Centralia. 

Centralia, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. R., 122 miles from St. 
Louis, at the junction of the Columbia Branch, beautifully situated on 
the dividing ridge between the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, was laid 
out in May, 1857, incorporated in 1867, and is surrounded by a beauti- 
ful, fertile and well cultivated prairie. It contains an excellent public 
school and several private ones, i newspaper, The Guard, published by 
Adam Rodemyre, 2 churches — Christian and M. E. Ch. South, 3 hotels, 
I wagon-shop, i hay-press, i lumber-yard, i flouring-mill, and about a 
dozen stores. The famous " Bill Anderson Massacre," of September 
28th, 1864, occurred at Centralia. Population about 700. 

Clays villa, near the Missouri River, 6 miles n. w. of Cedar City, 
and 28 miles s. e. of Columbia, contains a few stores. 

COLUMBIA, the county seat and principal city, on the Colum- 
bia Branch of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W. , 22 miles s. of Centralia 
(junction), is located in a rich and healthy region of timber, near 
the center of the county. It is one of the most delightful places in 
the State, its streets being regularly laid out, many of them nicely 
paved and shaded with beautiful trees. The business houses are gener- 
ally substantial brick buildings, some of them elegant and imposing. 
Its outskirts are bordered with fine lawns, in which stand elegant 
residences. 

The enterprise, culture and intelligence of the people of Columbia have 
won for it the honored and classic title of "The Athens of Missouri." It 
is the acknowledged seat of learning of the State, and bases its prospects 
and its hopes chiefly on its educational interests. For such reason it will 
necessarily continue to be the abode of much refinement and wealth. 

The State University, located at this place, is the most prominent educa- 
tional institution in Missouri. It was established by an act of the 
Legislature in 1839, upon an endowment made in 1820 by Congress, in 
the form of two townships of land, known as the "Seminary Lands.'* 
This endowment had grown by accumulation to the value of ;^ioo,ot)0, 
when the institution was founded. The present endowment is about 



70 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

1^223,000. The citizens of Boone County contributed tlie generous sum 
of ^117,500 as a bonus for the location of the University at Columbia. 
The first president was J. H. Lathrop, LL. D., elected in 1840. The 
present incumbent, Daniel Read, LL. D., was elected in 1S66. The 
supervision of the University is vested in a Board of Curators, who are 
appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate ; and upon this 
Board devolves the duty of selecting the president, professors and tutors. 
The University contains a library of 7,000 volumes, a cabinet with 
120,000 specimens, and an edifice erected by private subscription at a 
cost of ^85,000. The University embraces at present in its group of 
schools, besides the regular academic course, a preparatory school, an 
agricultural college, a college of normal instruction, a school of mines 
and a law and medical school. All these schools are located at Columbia, 
except the school of mines, which is at Rolla, Phelps County. The 
advantages of the University are extended to women on equal terms with 
men. All resident youth in the State, upon the payment of an entrance 
fee of ten dollars, are entitled to the benefits of the University, except 
in the strictly professional schools. 

Christian College, for young ladies, under the patronage of the 
Christian denomination, is a flourishing institution, justly celebrated for 
its able management as well as for the culture and proficiency of its 
pupils. Annual attendance about 200. President, Elder J. K. Rogers. 

Stephens College, for young ladies, under the patronage of the 
Baptist denomination, was located here in 1870, and named in honor 
of Hon. James L. Stephens, who gave it a munificent endowment. It is 
not surpassed in the State as a seminary for young ladies. It has a liberal 
patronage from Missouri and other States. President, Rev. E. S. Dulin, 
D. D.,LL. D. There are also numerous other schools, well conducted 
and in a prosperous condition. 

There are 7 churches — Baptist, Christian, Presbyterian, M. E. Ch., 
Episcopal, and colored Baptist and colored Methodist. 

There are two newspapers. The Staiesjnan, published by Wm. F. 
Switzler, was established in 1843, ^^^1, except the Missoini Republican, 
is the oldest newspaper in the State; and The Herald, published by E. 
W. Stephens, is one of the leading papers in central Missouri ; also two 
monthly papers, the University Missourian, published by the students of 
the State University, and the Chaplet, published by the students of 
Stephens College. The Masonic fraternity is represented by large lodges 
of the various branches of their order, and the Odd Fellows have a lodge 
of about 100 members which is increasing rapidly. 

The ground on which Columbia now stands, was purchased at the 
Government Land sale, November 14th, i8i8,by the Smithton company, 
who, in 1 81 9 laid out Smithton, one mile west of the present Columbia 
court house, but failing to find water in that locality, the town was 



BOONE COUNTY. 71 

transferred to the present site of Columbia in 182 1, and it was incorpor- 
ated the next year. The population of Columbia was in 1823, 130; 
1835, 700; 1840, 770; 1848, 1,008; 1850, 1,022; 1852, 1,139; i860, 
1,541; 1868, 2,501; 1870, 2,954; 1874 (estimated), 3,500. The city- 
contains 2 banks, 2 hotels, i flouring-mill, r saw-mill, i woolen-mill, 2 
wagon and plow manufactories, i pork-packing house, i carriage manu- 
factory, 3 lumber yards, i flower store and green-house, i brewery, and 
about 40 stores, with the usual number of shops and smaller industries. 

Dripping Springs, a p, o. 9 miles n. w. of Columbia. 

Eureka, ©n the Missouri River, 20 miles s. of Columbia, contains a 
few stores. 

Hallsville, (Hickman,) on the Col. Branch of the St. L., K. C. & N. 
R. W., 9 miles s. of Centralia, is a good business point. Pop. about 60. 

Harrisburgh, 16 miles n. w. of Columbia, and surrounded by a fine 
farming country, is on the line of the proposed L. & Mo. River R. R. 
Population about 100. 

Hickman. — See Hallsville. 

Mid^way, a p. o. 7 miles w. of Columbia. 

Persinger, on the Col. Branch of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W,, is 
17 miles s. of Centralia. 

Providence, on the Missouri River, 10 miles s. of Columbia, has 
several good stores, and a shipping business of considerable consequence. 

Rocheport, on the Missouri River, 14 miles w. of Columbia, sur- 
rounded by a fine country, is substantially built upon an old " New 
Madrid claim;" it was laid out in 1825, and for a time promised to be the 
city of the interior. It contains i three-story brick high-school build- 
ing, which is usually conducted with ability and well attended, 3 
churches — Baptist, Christian and Methodist. The society in Rocheport 
is far above the average of that of towns of similar size. The splendid 
agricultural country adjoining, and the ferry across the Missouri, make 
it a thriving business place, and one of the best shipping points on the 
Missouri River. It contains i large tobacco factory, i large steam 
flouring-mill, 3 wagon and plow factories, i tannery, i carding-machine, 
I pottery, i bank, 12 stores, etc. Population, about 1,000. 

Stephens, on the Col. Branch of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 
16 miles s. w. of Centralia. 

Sturgeon, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 7 miles w. of Cen- 
tralia, the center of a rich and thickly settled country, has a population 
of about 700 enterprising people, who have established good public 
schools and the Sturgeon Academy. This place was named in honor of 
Hon. Isaac H. Sturgeon. It has i newspaper — The Leader, published by 
Thos. S. Carter, and 3 churches — Christian, Catholic and Methodist, 2 
hotels, I flouring-mill, i lumber-yard, and about 12 stores. 

Youngers, a p. o. 8 miles s. e. of Hallsville. 



BUCHANAN COUNTY, 

In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by Andrew 

County, east by DeKalb and Clinton, south by Platte, and west by the 

Missouri River, which separates it from Kansas, and contains 272,329 
acres. 

Population in 1840, 6,237; in 1850, 12,975; in i860, 23,861; in 
1870,35,109; of whom 33,155 were white, and 1,953 colored ; 195I75 
male, and 15,934 female; 28,796 native (15,495 born in Missouri) and 
6,313 foreign. 

History.' — The first white person who visited what is now Buchanan 
County, was Joseph Robidoux, Sr., of French descent, in 1799. His 
connection with the American Fur Company induced him to locate, 
in 1803, near the confluence of the Black Snake Creek with the Missouri 
River, where, for 33 years, he remained as a fur-trader among the 
Indians. In the selection of his building spot, he evinced the same 
shrewdness and good taste which has characterized the location of the 
more intelligent settlers throughout the West. He chose a plain having 
an area of several miles, surrounded by mound-shaped bluffs so artistic- 
ally arranged, and so beautifully diversified in shape and size as to resemble 
more the work of art than that of nature. The most prominent of 
these bluffs is " King Hill," which has indications of having formerly 
been used as a place of burial by the Indians. Mr. Robidoux' s keen 
perception, and his knowledge of the character of the surrounding 
country, convinced him that this was a choice location, and as he 
viewed the adjacent territory and considered its central locality, and 
looked forward to what he deemed the future demands of the country, he 
was more and more pleased with the location he had selected. 

Many years — long weary years, no doubt, to the solitary man — passed 
before anything but the little clearing and log cabin of a single pioneer 
designated the present site of the city of St. Joseph. Eventually others 
came and settled thereabouts, but the immigration was limited until after 
the "Platte Purchase." 

In 1836, Congress annexed to the State of Missouri that part of the then 
Indian Territory since known as the "Platte Purchase," and now com- 
prising the counties of Atchison, Andrew, Buchanan, Holt, Nodaway, 
and Platte; and in 1837, by treaty with the Indians, removed them west 
of the Missouri, leaving the newly acquired territory completely in pos- 
session of the "pale faces." The county was organized Feb. loth, 1839, 
and the first county court was held April ist, 1839, in the log house of 



74 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 

Richard Hill, who, with Wm. Harrington and Samuel Johnson, were 
county judges. Their first order was the appointment as county clerk 
of Wm. Fowler, a resident of the then Black Snake Hills, now the city 
of St. Joseph, 

The first circuit court of the district was held at the log house of 
Joseph Robidoux, July 15th, 1839. Hon. Austin A, King, afterwards 
Governor of Missouri, presiding; P. H. Burnett, circuit attorney; Edwia 
Toole, now of St. Joseph, clerk; and S. M. Gilmore, sheriff. The only 
resident attorney at that time was Gen. Andrew Hughes. 

The county seat was located near the centre of the county, May 25th, 
1840, on a quarter section of land selected by the county commissioners, 
and called Sparta. The first court-house at this place was built of logs 
and completed in 1843 ^^ a cost of ^300, and is now occupied (1874)1 
as a dwelling house. 

Soon the fame of the " Platte Country " spread far and wide, and scarce 
a day passed without the arrival of new-comers, to make their homes upon 
the newly-acquired territory. In 1843, ^^- Robidoux became the pro- 
prietor of the present site of St. Joseph — land which he had occupied for 
years ; and to supply the imperative and increasing demands of the rapidly 
growing community, he proceeded to lay out a village, which is now 
shown on the city map as the " Original Town." The new place increased 
rapidly in population and importance, and in 1845 received a charter. 

In 1846 the county seat was removed to St. Joseph and soon after the 
records and officials followed, and most of the buildings and people of 
Sparta, the site of which has since been abandoned. There remains only 
an old church, the old court-house and hotel to mark the place, while its 
successful rival now numbers nearly 30,000 inhabitants. 

Physical Features. — This county is agreeably diversified with hill 
and dale, high and steep bluffs, low and gentle declivities and gently- 
undulating surfaces. Along the north line there are wide bottoms rising 
by very gentle slopes into the neighboring hills. The country drained by 
the Platte River and its tributaries is mostly gently undulating, with low 
hills near the streams. But nearer the Missouri Bluffs the hills seem 
higher, or, more properly speaking, the streams cut deeper and the slopes 
are more steep. The bluffs on the interior streams are from 50 to 60 feet 
in height. The Missouri Bluffs near the north county line are about 145 
feet high, and appear to retain about that elevation, sometimes higher and 
sometimes lower, until they pass southward to St. Joseph. King Hill, 2 
miles south, is 255 feet above the bottoms. There is a bluff about 8 miles 
south-west of St. Joseph which is 310, and one between 3 and 4 miles 
east of Winthrop 250 feet high. The other bluffs along the river are 
lower. The tops of these hills are probably of the same elevation as most 
of the interior upland. The Missouri Bottoms are wide, flat, and seldom 
marshy — nine-tenths of them being arable. 



BUCHANAN COUNTY. 75 

The Missouri, in a tortuous course, washes the western boundary, and 
receives Black Snake, Maiden, Contrary, Lost, and some minor creeks. 
The Platte traverses the east-central part of the county from north to 
south, receiving from the west One Hundred And Two River, Bee Creek 
and smaller streams, and from the east Third Fork of Platte, Castile Creek, 
etc. Contrary Creek is so named as it runs near and nearly parallel with 
the Missouri River, but in an opposite direction. There are many good 
springs in the county, the streams are clear, and an abundance of good 
water can be easily reached by digging. 

Lakes form an important feature of this county. Contrary Lake, 5 
miles south-west of St. Joseph, fed by Contrary Creek, is a considerable 
body of water, in shape some like a half-circle, half a mile wide and 
nearly 6 miles in length. This lake affords an abundance of perch, black 
bass and other fish for the St. Joseph market. It is also a pleasant resort 
for fisher sportsmen and residents of the city. Horseshoe, Muskrat, Lost, 
Singleton, Prairie, Sugar, and Mark's Lakes are also found in this county 
in the townships bordering on the Missouri River. Sugar Lake contains 
also an abundance of fish. The eastern and northern portions of the 
county near and on the "divide " consist mostly of prairie or of thickets 
covering what was formerly prairie. The country near Platte River, for 
several miles east and west, also most of the southern and western portions 
of the county, are heavily timbered. The timber on the Platte River and 
its tributaries is oak, walnut, elm and hackberry ; on the Missouri Bottoms 
it is mostly elm, cottonwood and hackberry, and on the bluffs and uplands, 
oak, walnut, hickory, linn, ash, elm and maple. The "Platte Country" 
has a world-wide fame for its fertility ; the deep soil producing all kinds 
of grains, grasses, fruits and vegetables found in this latitude. 

King Hill, situated about 2 miles south of St. Joseph, is celebrated as a 
battle ground, fort and burying place of the Indians, who, only a few 
years ago, were the lords of this region. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, barley, hogs and 
live stock, for staples ; with considerable amounts of hemp, grapes, apples, 
peaches and small fruits. 

The wine and grape interests are considerable. Several persons 
have large vineyards, and not less than six have recently engaged in the 
manufacture of wines of excellent quality. The exportation of wine from 
this point will assume commercial importance in the early future. Con- 
cord and catawba grapes are the choice varieties. 

The Mineral Resources so far as developed, consist of an abundance 
of building stone and brick clay, with indications of coal. 

Manufacturing Interests.— Aside from saw and flour mills in every 
township, the manufacturing interests receive but little attention, except in 
St. Joseph. However, the county has timber, streams and many facilities 
which invite capital and skilled labor to engage in the work of establish- 



76 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

ing manufactories. The attention of the people is now turned in the 
direction of manufacturing as a sure means of increasing the value of lands 
and farm products. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $20,000,000,* 

Railroads. — A glance at a good map will give an idea of St. Joseph 
as a railroad centre. First, the Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. extends 
east across the State. The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W. gives 
direct communication with St. Louis. The Atchison Branch of H. & St. 
J. R. R. leads to Atchison, Kansas. The Kansas City, St. Joseph & 
Council Bluffs R. R. extends south to Kansas City, north to Council 
Bluffs, and via Hopkins, on the Iowa State line, opens a direct 
route to Chicago. The St. Joseph & Denver City R. R. extends 
west into Kansas and Nebraska, connecting with the Union Pacific at 
Fort Kearney. The Atchison & Nebraska R. R. at Troy, with the 
Missouri Pacific ; the Atchison & Topeka and the Central Branch of the 
Union Pacific at Atchison, have also direct communication with the city, 
over the great iron bridge at St. Joseph. These make St. Joseph, in fact, 
the centre of 1 1 railways. Other roads are in contemplation, as the St. 
Joseph & Texas Railway, a road on the west bank of the river to Omaha, 
and the Chicago & Burlington R, R. now completed except about 60 miles. 

The Exports are mainly corn, wheat, cattle, hogs, tobacco, hemp 
and manufactured articles, among which are starch, furniture, wagons, and 
agricultural implements. 

Educational. — J. T. Riley, superintendent of schools, reports 72 
organized sub-districts in the county, outside of St. Joseph. The 
schools generally are in a flourishing condition, and the people are alive to 
the needs and interests of education. Churches also are situated in each 
township, and the spirit manifested in behalf of learning and religion indi- 
cates a just appreciation of a high social and moral standard. 

Agency, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 12 miles s. e. of St. Joseph, 
at the crossing of the Platte River, is a thriving town of about 700 inhabit- 
ants. It was formerly an Indian Agency and point for the distribution of 
Indian annuities, hence its name. It contains a steam flouring and steam 
saw-mill, and several stores. The Platte River can here be utilized for 
manufacturing purposes. 

Arnoldsville, a post-office 15 miles s. e. of St. Joseph. 

Bridgeport, on the Platte River, 8 miles e. from St. Joseph. 

DeKalb (formerly Bloomington), on the C, R. I. & P. R. R., 11 
miles east of Winthrop and the same distance s. w. of St. Joseph, contains 
about 600 inhabitants. 

Easton, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 12 miles east of St. Joseph, con- 
tains about 600 inhabitants. The Batmcr, Times, and Observer is pub- 
lished here by David Loudon. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $12,800,727. Taxation, $2.is»per $100. Bonded debt, f 400,000. 



BUCHANAJ^ COUNTY. 77 

Eveline.— (Hall), is a p. o. on the K. C, St. J. & C. B, R. R., 11 

miles s. w. of St. Joseph. 

Frazer (Jordon, Rock House Prairie), on the St. L., K.^C. & N. R. W., 
15 miles s. e. of St. Joseph, has a store, a few shops, etc. 

Garrettsburgh, is a p. o. on the Platte River, 8 miles s. e. of St. 
Joseph. 

GofFsville is on the One Hundred And Two River, 5 miles e. of St. 
Joseph. 

Hall.— See Eveline. 

Halleck (formerly Taos), 14 miles s. of St. Joseph, has about 250 
inhabitants. 

Jeanette (Wallace), a station on the C, R. I. & P. R. R., 16 miles s. 
of St. Joseph. 

Jordan. — See Frazer. 

Lake Station, on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 4 miles s. of St. 
Joseph, has a glue factory. 

• Matney, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 7 miles s. e. of St. Joseph, 
is a flag station. 

Platte River, a post-office 18 miles s. e. of St. Joseph, contains an 
excellent water-power flour and saw-mill, and i store. 

Rockhouse Prairie. — See Frazer. 

Rushville, on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 15 miles s. w. of St. 
Joseph, and on the C, R. I. & P. R. R., 5 miles n. e. of Winthrop, is a 
vigorous town of about 500 inhabitants, and is the oldest village in the 
county. 

ST. JOSEPH, the county seat, named in honor of its founder, Joseph 
Robidoux, is beautifully situated on an undulating plain in a bend of the 
Missouri River, 545 miles from its mouth, 310 miles from St. Louis by 
railroad and 565 by river. Up to 1843, St. Joseph contained only two 
log houses and a small frame flouring mill, situated on Black Snake Creek. 

Joseph Robidoux allowed no settlers upon his claim till he obtained his 
title to 160 acres of land in May, 1843. He laid off" the town in the June 
following, and had a sale of lots in September. He then sold inside lots 
at the uniform price of ^100 and corner lots at ^150 each. 

At the close of 1845 the town contained about 600 inhabitants. The 
first store after Mr. Robidoux's was opened in a log house, by Elias Perry 
and A. M. Saxton, in the summer of 1843, with a stock of assorted 
merchandise worth ^3,000. The first postmaster, Fred. Smith, in 1843, 
carried the mail in his hat — postage 25 cents. The first frame dwelling 
and store house was built by Julius C. Robidoux, 1843. Samuel Hall was 
the first Justice of the Peace, in the same year, and he carried his docket 
and kept his office, as Fred. Smith did the post-office, in his hat. The 
first school for small children was kept by a Mrs. Stone, in 1844. In the 
same year A. M. Saxton, then a bachelor, pre-empted by actual settlement 



78 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

and the building of a log cabin, a quarter section of land, one and a half 
miles east of the Patee House, and paid for the same to the State in three 
annual payments of ^66.66^3 each — the price per acre being $1.25, Said 
section of land is now worth with the improvements ^32,000. The first 
church, a house 20 by 30, was erected in 1845 ^ ^ Union Church, by 
Rev. T. S. Reeves, Elder Patton, Bishop Marvin and Elder Rush, half a 
block east of the site of the present Pacific Hotel. In 1846, owing to the 
extreme scarcity of money, John Corby obtained the possession of 80 
acres of land, now Corby's Grove, for ^200. The same year John Patee 
purchased 320 acres, now Patee's Addition to St. Joseph, for ^2,400. 

The principal citizens in and adjoining St. Joseph, from 1844 to 1846, 
were Joseph Robidoux, Wm. P. Richardson, Fred. Smith, Simeon Kemper, 
R. W. Donnell, Dr. D. Benton, John Corby, Jos. C. Hull, Elias Perry, 
A. M. Saxton, Rev. T. S. Reeves, Isadore Poulin, Dr. Dan'l Keedy, 
Israel Landis, Henry M. Vories, B. C, Powell, Jonathan Levy,I. &J. 
Curd, John D. Richardson, Wm. H. Edgar, Robt. I. Boyd, Ben. F. Loan, 
Jas. B. Gardenhire, J. M. Bassett, Lawrence Archer, Thos. Mills, Solomon 
L. Leonard, Wm. Ridenbaugh, Michael Miller, Elisha Gladdin, Elisha 
SoUers, Joseph Davis, J. G. Karns, Jas. Highly, C. Carbry and W. P. Hall. 

St. Joseph was incorporated as a village, Feb. 26, 1845, ^i^h Joseph 
Robidoux as first President of the Board of Trustees. A city charter was 
obtained Feb, 22, 185 1, and has been sixteen times amended. Thos. 
Mills was the first mayor. The first daily mail was in 1857 — now the 
city has thirteen daily mails. 

The population was in 1845, 600; 1850, 3,460; i860, 8,932; 1870, 
19,625 ; and in 1874 estimated at 30,000. The value of property as 
shown by the city assessment was in 1845, ^40jOoo; 1850, ^583,016; 
1855, ^847,860 ; i860, ^4,355.693 ; 1865, ^3,167,200 ; 1870, ^11,283,435. 

The location is favorable for trade, having superior facilities for the 
transportation of goods both by land and water. The Missouri River and, 
virtually, 11 railways extend the commerce of the city to the whole north- 
west of the State, and to large portions of Kansas, Nebraska and Iowa. 
Even the merchants of Idaho, Colorado and Montana, seek this city for 
supplies, thus making the mineral wealth of these territories tributary to 
St. Joseph. St. Joseph has all the advantages of a central location. It is 
midway between the Atlantic and the Pacific, British America and the 
Gulf. An air line from Chicago to Santa Fe passes through this city. 
On a direct line from the mouth of Columbia River to Charleston, S. C. 
St. Joseph is half the way. A straight line drawn on the map from 
Augusta in Maine to San Diego in Lower California, passes through 
Detroit, Chicago and St. Joseph, and the latter city is an equal distance 
from either extreme. The North and the South, the East and the West 
will in all future time exchange products, an^^ short lines of communication. 
pass through St. Joseph. 



BUCHANAN COUNTY. 79 

Manufactories. — St. Joseph is fast becoming a city of manufactories. 
The Internal Revenue receipts for 1873, fo^ beer made in the city, 
amounted to ^12,107; for distilled spirits, ^148,078; for cigars, $8,806.50; 
the whole collection of the district amounting to $333,045.65. The value 
of manufactured products in the time mentioned reached $4,000,000. 
There are 37 manufacturing establishments using steam power, as follows: 
I axe-handle factory, i boiler-making works, 5 breweries,2 cracker bakeries, 
" I spice mill, 2 distilleries, i feed mill, 4 flour mills, 2 foundries, 2 furni- 
ture factories, i glue manufactory, i planing mill, 2 jdIow factories, 4 pork 
houses, 3 printing and book-making houses, 2 saw-mills, i soap factory, 
I starch manufactory, i stone saw-mill, i tannery, i wagon factory and i 
woolen mill. Besides these, St. Joseph has a large boot and shoe manu- 
factory, a car and machine shop, a clothing manufactory, 17 cigar manu- 
factories, 6 farm wagon shops, 4 buggy and spring wagon shops, 5 cooper 
shops, 2 galvanized iron works, 2 vinegar works, i pottery and terra cotta 
ware works, 2 iron shutters and iron works, i trunk and valise factory, 
I broom factory, 2 saddle, harness and collar manufactories — making a 
grand total of 84 manufacturing establishments in the city, besides the 
large number of shoemakers, tailors, glove makers, shirt makers, brick 
makers, box makers, etc. 

The city has 8 first-class banking houses, which had for 1873 ^'^ 3-ggi"egate 
deposit account of over $30,000,000. 

The city is supplied with 6 newspapers. The Gazette, daily and weekly, 
Democratic, J. A. Corby & Co., proprietors. The Herald, daily and 
weekly. Republican, under the editorial management and control of 
Wilkinson & Bittinger. The Westlichcs Volksblatt, German, daily and 
weekly, Republican, C. Eichler & Co., proprietors, H. W. Kastor, editor. 
The Evening Coninicrcial, Independent, daily and weekly, C. C. Scott, 
editor and proprietor. The Little Monitor, monthly, Sunday School 
paper, conducted by the Sunday School of Christ Church. The St. Joseph 
Standard, weekly, Industrial, devoted to home news and the encourage- 
ment of the productive industries in the West, R. R. Calkins, editor. 
Each of these papers indicates a prosperous condition, .with a large and 
increasing circulation. All in all, the St. Joseph press compares favoraljly 
with other cities of 30,000 inhabitants. 

The work of building elegant and costly churches has not lagged behind 
in the progress of St. Joseph. The city has 23 church edifices, represent- 
ing all the various denominations, and the value of church property is not 
less than $200,000. Of the churches 5 are Catholic, i Episcopal, 4 Pres- 
byterian, 6 M. Episcopal, 4 Baptist, i Christian, i German Evangelical, 
I Jewish, and i Congregational. 

The public schools employ 48 teachers, with a daily attendance of 
nearly 2,500 pupils. The city now owns 6 large brick school buildings 
and 2 small ones — the whole valued at $n8,ooo. 



8o CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

In addition to the public schools may be mentioned the Yomig Ladies" 
Institute, 67 pupils; Mrs. O'Rourke's school, 35 pupils; Seminary of the- 
Sacred Heart, 200 pupils; St. Patrick's Parochial School, no pupils; 
Saint Joseph College, 175 pupils; St. Joseph's School, 119 pupils. 
The value of these various institutions is estimated at ^119,500. 

Among the Benevolent Institutions of the city are the City Hospital, 
County Hospital and St. Joseph's Hospital, at all of which the sick and 
unfortunate are kindly and properly cared for. 

Among the benevolent and social organizations are 4 Masonic Lodges, 
I Chapter, i Council and i Commandery, 4 Odd Fellow's Lodges and 2 
Encampments; 2 Lodges of Knights of Pythias, 2 Lodges I. O. R. M., i 
Lodge I. O. B'nai Brith, i Lodge I. O. G. T., St. Andrew's Benevolent 
Society, St. George's Benevolent, St. Patrick's Benevolent Association, 
Hibernian Benevolent Society, St. Joseph Catholic Union, German 
Benevolent Association, St. Joseph Temperance Society, St. Joseph 
Maennerchor, St. Joseph Turnverein, Ladies' Society Children of Mary, 
and the Young Men's Society. 

St. Joseph has many beautiful private residences. The stores and busi- 
ness houses generally are of a substantial character, built of brick with, 
iron and stone fronts. The Tootle Opera House may be mentioned as ' 
one of the best in the country. The City Hall, the Court House and the 
Insane Asylum, now in course of erection, will be stately and ornamental 
buildings. The city owns the railroad, wagon and foot bridge over the 
Missouri at this point. This bridge is pronounced the best which spans 
the wild and turbid Missouri. The sub-structure consists of 6 piers of 
solid masonry, resting on the bed-rock about 50 feet below the surface of 
the water. The superstructure is iron; the length, 1,345 feet; the cost 
about ^1,000,000. The bridge was located July 14, 1871, and its com- 
pletion was celebrated May 31, 1873. 

The place is supplied with gas, has nearly 40 miles of macadamized 
streets, and all the thousand interests that make a busy, bustling city. 

The property of the Fire Department consists of 2 steam fire engines, i 
hand engine, i hook and ladder truck, 3 hose carts, i coal wagon, 2,500 
feet of hose, 3 alarm bells, 6 horses, and an elegant building — the hook 
and ladder house on Francis street. The firemen number about 120. 

The city has one of the best industrial exhibition buildings in the 
West. The Union Stock Yards are large and conveniently located. 
Connected with the Exposition grounds is a fine race track, a mile in 
length. St. Joseph is strongly fortified against stagnation in trade or a 
"money panic." With cash balances in her favor in Wall Street, and 
transacting business on her own capital, her solid millions are all her 
own. The wholesale trade of the city in 1873 aggregated over$i3, 000, 000, 
and the retail trade nearly $10,000,000. There are 60 wholesale houses,, 
and the retail stores are numerous and prosperous. 



BUCHANAN COUNTY. 8i 

Corporate Associations. — St. Joseph has two fire insurance com- 
panies, now doing a large home and agency business. The Merchants'" 
Insurance Company was organized in i86^; The St. Joseph Fire and 
Marine, in 1867. Both of these companies are well conducted, and 
enjoy the full confidence of the public. 

The St. Joseph Improvement and Manufacturers' Aid Association has for 
its object the promotion of manufacturing interests. 

The St. yoseph Building Company was organized March 7th, 1871, 
under the general incorporation law of the State, and on December 8th 
following, the demand for an excellent class of loans having become very 
large in the State of Kansas, a part of the Directory of the St, Joseph 
Building Company, in connection wth five gentlemen of Kansas, organ- 
ized the St. Joseph & Kansas Loan & Building Company, and incorpo- 
rated it in the States of Kansas and Missouri. 

A large demand for a character of loans not negotiated by either of 
the aforementioned Companies induced the parties composing the Direc- 
tory of the Missouri Loan & Trust Company to organize and incorporate 
it December 6th, 1872. 

Public Buildings.— The Northwest State Lunatic Asylum, just east 
of the city limits, is a large and beautiful building, finished (1874), at an 
expense of $250,000. The county is building a new court-house to be 
the largest in the State (outside of St. Louis), costing over $200,000. 
The corner stone was laid August 19, 1873, and the stone work is now 
finished. Col. John Doniphan, in his address at the laying of the corner 
stone, said : 

" From the progress we have made in thirty-five years and the evidences 
of permanency around us, with such an active and enterprising population, 
we may be permitted to anticipate a magnificent future for our county and 
city. This building will doubtless stand to serve as a seat of Justice for a 
quarter of a million of population. Churches, colleges and palaces will 
be scattered over miles of the adjacent country, our court-house and iron 
bridge still standing as monuments of the giant energy of the men of 1873. " 

The Supreme Court holds two sessions at St. Joseph each year, and 
there is a large and valuable law library kept for their use which has been 
contributed by the city bar and the county. 

The City Hall is an imposing building, the best of the kind in the 
State. It is 70 by 1 70 feet, and the main dome is 1 1 2 feet high. This 
building cost $50,000, and is one example of an "honest job," built by 
R. K. Allen, contractor. The view on the next page was engraved by 
J. W, Haines, and photographed by J. T. Needles, both of St. Joseph. 




CITY HALL, sr. JOSEPH. 



BUCHANAN COUNTY. 



Z2b 




STATE SAVINGS BANK, COR. FOURTH AND FELIX STS., ST. JOSEPH, MO. 

This bank was organized in 1859, with R. W. Donnell, (now Donnell, 
Lawson & Co., of New York,) president, and A. M. Saxton, cashier, till 
1871. C. B. France was teller for 8 years previous to 1871, when he 
was elected cashier, and-A. M. Saxton, president, which offices they hold 
at the present time. Many of the old citizens who have since passed 
away, have been directors in this bank, among whom may be mentioned 
John Curd, Wm. K. Richardson, Solomon L. Leonard, John Corby, 
Robert Boyle and John Patee. 




The Pacific Hotel is known as a first-class house in every respect, to 
every traveler who visits St. Joseph. It is the largest hotel in the city, 
with accommodations for 300 guests. R. D. Gilkey and John J. Abell 
■are the proprietors, both favorably known to the traveling public. The 
iatter, familiarly called "Uncle John," is a landlord of no ordinary 
merit. 



S2C 



CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 




W.HAINCS CMC bTSoT^^ 



TOOTLE S OPERA HOUSE, COR. FIFTH AND FRANCIS STREETS, ST. JOSEPH. 



This magnificent building was erected in 1872 by Mr. Milton Tootle, of 
this city. It is located on the corner of 5th and Francis streets, fronting" 
north. The Opera House proper is four stories high, with mansard roof, 
though portions of the whole building, as seen in the cut, are used for 
theatrical purposes. The cost of the whole building was near ^200,000. 

The auditorium, on the second floor, is 66x120 feet ; the stage 66x45 
feet. The drop curtain, a beautiful artistic work, is 35 feet wide and 34 
feet high. The main entrance is from Francis street, and admission to 
the building is gained by a wide hall and an easy flight of stairs — the 
stage entrance is from 5111, street. The seating capacity is 1,500, divided 
into parquette, dress circle, balcony and gallery. Four elegant prosce- 
nium boxes are so arranged as to give a view of the stage and the 
audience. The room is lighted v/ith a handsome chandelier with 160 
jets, and numerous ornamental brackets in all parts of the house. The 
seats are patent orchestra chairs, with plush upholstering. The walls and 
ceiling are beautifully frescoed with artistic designs and allegorical 
representations. The exterior of the building is profusely ornamented 
with fine cut stone in front, and embellished with ornamental cornices. 
In every way and in all of the api)ointments the ideal finds a counterpart 
in the reality. 

The stage is furnished with all the modern appliances — 12 working 
traps, 17 pairs of flats, with wings, borders and a great variety of set 



BUCHANAN COUNTY. 82./" 

scenery; also, carpets, properties and furniture. Nothing is wanting for 
the presentation of any play in the whole range of the drama. The 
green room and 5 dressing-rooms are convenient to the stage, and they are 
most elegantly and expensively furnished. 

This splendid temple was first opened to the puMic on Monday even- 
ing, December 9th, 1872, with Maggie Mitchell as the leading star, in 
the popular play of Fanchon. 

The grade floor is occupied for stores, among which may be noticed 
the large and elegant salesroom of Chas. Lang, manufacturer and dealer 
in fine furniture, and the business rooms of Jas. M. Street, president of 
the Building and Loan Associations. 




ST. JOSEPH COLLEGE, ST. JOSEPH, MO. 



This building was erected in 1858, was opened as an educational insti- 
tution in 1867, and empowered to confer degrees in 1872. The col- 
lege is under the direction of the Christian Brothers, an order solely and 
exclusively devoted to teaching. The object of the faculty is to confer 
a thorough classical and commercial education. The Institution is at 
present under the charge of Bro. Agatho, president, an able and pop- 
ular educator. 




bTORE OF BAILEY, TOWNSEND & CO., 
Corner Fifth and Felix Streets, - • St. Joseph, Mo. 



The retail department of this house, on the grade floor, is 40 by no feet, with large 
basement, and contains the largest stock of staple and fancy dry goods to be found in 
the North-west. The second and third lofts, occupied for the wholesale trade, are 40 
by 140 feet. The firm carries a stock of $200,000, and began business in September, 
1873. The house is deservedly popular and enjoys eminent success. 



X s 





Dr. Bishop claims a new system of the philosophy of medicine, and 
an entirely new modification of practice, founded upon a collation from 
high stand-points of the experience of the various pretensions of old and 
new systems, and sects of theorists and practitioners. He claims .this a 
new and true system of medicine, superior to all others and known only 
to himself, and denominates it, " lateria Zoopoioun — Medico-Theop- 
neusty," or Divine system. 




FIRST PRKSBYTKRTAN CHURCH. C(U\ yXH AND JULE STREETS, ST. JOSEPH. 
7?r7'. J*", r. Facklcr, Pastor. 



82/^ 



BUCHANAN COUNTY. 




SEMINARY OF THE SACRED HEART, ST. JOSEPH. 



The Seminary of the Sacred Heart, standing on a commanding emi- 
nence, and half hid by shrubbery and trees, is one of the first buildings 
which attracts the attention of visitors to this city. The school, under 
the direction of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, is in a flourishing con- 
dition, with 1 60 pupils in attendance. The course of instruction is 
complete and practical, embracing the elementary and higher branches 
of a refined and finished education. The charges of this institution are 
moderate. For full information, address Lady Superior, care of Semi- 
nary of the Sacred Heart, St. Joseph, Mo. 

San Antonio is a post-office 7 miles n. n. e. of St. Joseph. 

Saxton, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 6 miles n. e. of St. Joseph, is a 
growing village of about 600 inhabitants. 

Taos. — See Halleck. 

Wallace. — See Jeanette. 

Winthrop, on the Missouri River, opposite Atchison, is on the K. C, 
St. J. & C. B. R. R., 20 miles s. w. of St. Joseph and 50 miles n. w. of 
Kansas City. It is the terminus of the Atchison Branch of the H. & St. 
J. R. R., and also of the C, R. I. & P. R. R. It contains about 500 
inhabitants. 



BUTLER COUNTY, 

In the south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Wayne County, 
east by the St. Francis River, which separates it from Stoddard and Dunk- 
lin, south by the Arkansas State Line, and west by Ripley and Carter 
Counties, and contains 437,935 acres. 

Population in 1850, 1,616; in i860, 2,891; in 1870, 4,298, of whom 
4,275 were white, and 21 colored; 2,167 male, and 2,131 female; 4,265 
native (1,780 born in Missouri) and ^^ foreign. 

History.— What is now Butler County was a favorite hunting ground 
of the Indians, and at a very early period in the history of Louisiana, a 
few white men resorted there for the same purpose. They would build a 
log hut, spend a season, perhaps, and then depart. In 1800, cabins of a 
more permanent character were built and hunters lengthened their visits, 
and, in 1805, some land was cleared and cultivated. Among the earliest 
settlers were Messrs. Howard, Asher, Winn, Huskey, Epps, Hudspeth, 
Kittrell, Bollinger, Lewis, Stephenson, McMurry, Brannum, Sandlin, 
Vandover and others. 

Having no easy communication with the outer world, the growth of the 
county was necessarily slow, and the privations of the settlers many. For 
years their supplies were hauled from the Mississippi, a distance of from 
70 to 90 miles. They seem to have lived in harmony with the neighbor- 
ing Indians, who, for many years after it was settled, continued to visit 
the county for game, for not a single story of bloodshed or depredation 
of any sort has come down to us. The county was organized from a part 
of Wayne, Feb. 27th, 1849, when almost all the land belonged to the 
Government. For several years the taxes were chiefly paid in furs 
and peltries, there being little money in circulation. 

During the late Civil War the county was not permanently held by 
either army, but was a skirmishing or scouting ground for both. A few 
valuable lives were taken, and good citizens were carried off, on false or 
trivial charges, by each party. Lawless bands prowled about, running off 
stock, plundering citizens, burning houses, and occasionally taking life. 
On the whole, Butler was as unsafe and unpleasant as any county of south- 
eastern Missouri, and at the close of the war there were only 4 families 
residing in Poplar Bluff, and but few in the whole county. The county 
was slowly rallying from this prostration, when the building of the St. L. 
& I. M. R. R. gave the needed impetus to immigration and improve- 
ment, and now Butler compares favorably with the other counties of that 
section. 



84 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Physical Features. — A little more than one-third of the area of this 
county lies east of the Big Black River, a beautiful, clear stream which 
runs south through the entire county; alai'ge portion of the land east of 
this river, and of the southern third of the county, is one vast expanse of 
heavily timbered bottom, much of which is dry and needs only to be 
cleared for cultivation. 

The Legislature in 1853 granted 250,000 acres of these swamp lands to 
the county for reclamation, with the provision, however, that a certain 
portion of their proceeds should be reserved for a school fund. 

West of the Big Black are Cane and Copeland Creeks, and Little Black 
running in a southerly direction and furnishing many fine mill-sites. 
The central and northern parts of the county are diversified with broad 
fertile valleys, poor "ridges" and fair uplands. The high lands are 
timbered with oak and pine, the latter in large quantities, in the north 
and north-western parts of the county. The bottoms are covered with 
oak, walnut, poplar, maple, elm, ash, gum, etc. Large groves of cypress 
are found in the southern part of the county, and everywhere the different 
varieties of wild fruit grow in wonderful perfection. In the north-western 
part of the county are two caves of interest ; they have not yet been fully 
explored. 

Agricultural Resources. — The soil is peculiarly adapted to small 
grains, and also to tobacco. Cotton is a paying crop and is cultivated to 
some extent. Wheat, corn and vegetables are successfully cultivated. 
Stock is raised with but little trouble and expense, as the wild grasses 
flourish in great luxuriance. The Government lands are valuable only for 
timber and minerals. The St. L. & L M. R. R. have about 3,500 acres, 
the C. A. & T. R. R., about 100,000 acres, and Hon. Thomas Allen 
about 100,000 acres of land in this county, for sale on liberal terms.* 

Mineral Resources. — Some prospecting has been done, especially 
near Hendrickson, with encouraging indications of iron, but the 
want of capital has prevented conclusive developements. There is a 
tradition that the Indians found silver here, and carried it to an early 
settler, a Mr. Howard, who smelted it for them. 

The Manufacturing Interests are only such as are common to a 
new country — a few saw and grist-mills, blacksmith shops, and one stave 
factory. The fine forests of timber and the numerous excellent mill-sites 
indicate that the manufacture of lumber will ultimately be a great source 
of wealth to Butler. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $i,ioo,ooo.f 

Railroads. — The Arkansas Branch of the St. Louis & Iron Mountain 

*For full particulars, see Appendix, page- 



fAssessed valuation in 1873, #1,178,935. Taxation, |i.6o per #100. Bonded debt of the county, 
^S,ooo; floating debt, #S,ooo. 



BUTLER COUNTY. 85 

Railroad passes through the county from north to south, a distance of 36 
miles. The Cairo, Arkansas & Texas Railroad has about 12 miles of 
track ; it enters the county about midway on the eastern boundary, and 
at Poplar Bluff forms a junction with the Arkansas Branch of the St. Louis 
& Iron Mountain Railroad. The Illinois, Missouri & Texas (Cape 
Girardeau & State Line) R. R., is located through this county to Poplar 
Bluff. 

The Exports are stock, lumber, tobacco, corn, wheat, peanuts, etc. 

The Educational Interests are greatly neglected. Some of the 
districts have neither public nor private schools, and of the 2,000 children 
of school age not more than 500 attended school any portion of 1873. 
There are signs, however, of an awakening interest of the people on this 
subject. 

Ash Hills, a station on the C, A. & T. R. R., 10 miles e. of Poplar 
Bluff. 

Fredie, a post-office 12 miles s. w. of Poplar Bluff. 

Gillis Bluff, situated on Black River, 27 miles s. e. of Poplar BlufT, 
and 2 miles north of the State Line, has i store, and is remarkable as 
being the traditional place where the Indians discovered silver ore. 

Hendrickson. — See Reeves Station. 

Neelyville, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R.. 16 miles s. of Poplar 
Bluff, has I store, i cotton gin and i saw-mill, and is surrounded by a 
fine farming country. 

POPLAR BLUFF, the county seat, at the junction of the St. L. 
& I. M. with the C, A. &. T. R., 165 miles s. of St. Louis and 179 miles 
n. e. from Little Rock, was laid out in 1850. It is beautifully located 
on the west bank of Black River, on an elevation 25 or 30 feet above the 
adjacent valley, and has a population of about 1,000. This town is sur- 
rounded by valuable timber lands, and is an important shipping point for 
a large region of country. 

It has one newspaper. The Black River News, published by Andrew 
Gibbony and Geo. H. Kelly ; 2 drug stores and 4 general retail stores, i 
grist-mill, i public school-house and i seminary ; the latter, worth about 
;^2,ooo, is occupied by a good private school. 

Reeves Station (Hendrickson), on the St, L. & I. M. R. R., 12)^ 
miles n. of Poplar Bluff, was laid off in 1873, ^"d has i store. There 
are indications of immense deposits of iron in this vicinity, which has 
given importance to the place. 

Shiloh, a post-ofifice 18 miles n. w. of Poplar Bluff. 



CALDWELL COUNTY, 

In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by Daviess, east by 
Livingston and Carroll, south by Ray, and west by Clinton and DeKalb 
Counties, and contains 275,480 acres. 

Population. — In 1840, 1,458; in 1850, 2,316; in i860, 5,034; in 
1870, 11,390, of whom 11,106 were white and 284 colored; 5,959 male 
and 5,431 female; 10,715 native (4,072 born in Missouri,) and 675 
foreign. 

History. — Among the first of the bold and hardy frontiersmen who 
were attracted to what is now Caldwell County, by the fertility of the 
soil and the beauty of the broad rolling prairies, fringed about with 
belts of excellent timber, was Jesse Mann, who settled near the present 
site of Kingston in 1830. The same year, Rufus Middleton settled on 
Shoal Creek. In 1832 Zephaniah Woolsey, and in 1834 Robert White, 

Richard Beemer and Logeton settled in the eastern portion of the 

county. They were joined by Thomas Skidmore in 1835, followed in 
1836 by Wm. Boyce, Thos. Crandell, Abe Jones, Squire McGuire, Frank 
McGuire, and others. The county was organized December 26th, 1836, 
from a part of Ray. That year John Whitmer and a few others, who 
had been sent forward to look out for a Mormon home in the wilderness, 
where they would not be abused and persecuted by the Gentiles, selected 
the site of Far West, in the western portion of the county. The Mor- 
mons immediately began to flock in from Jackson and Clay Counties. 
The leading spirits among them were Joseph Smith, Hyrum Smith, John 
Carroll, Sidney Rigdon, Edward Partridge, W. W. Phelps, Philo Dibble, 
Elias Higbee, Oliver Cowdery, John Clemmison, John Daley, John and 
David Whitmer, and the Bozarths. 

Far West was selected as the grand rallying point, and Joseph Smith 
and their chief officers were located there. It was to be one of the 
mighty cities of the world, and under the influence of their missionaries, 
who were canvassing all the Eastern States and many parts of Europe, the 
young city promised much. Converts settled all over the county, and 
especially along the streams and belts of timber. Farm houses sprang up 
as if by magic, and the wilderness was in a few months transformed into 
a busy, promising industrial community. Their settlements extended 
into Livingston, Daviess and Clinton Counties, but Far West, their only 
town, was their commercial center, and became the county seat. In 1839 
it contained from 2,500 to 3,000 inhabitants. In 1837, the Mormons began 



88 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

work on what was intended to be one of the most magnificent temples in 
the United States. In the center of the town a large square had been laid 
off as the site of the temple. It was approached by four main streets, 
each loo feet wide. In 1838 the corner stone was laid with great cere- 
mony, but the temple was never built. 

The prosperity of the Mormon settlement had drawn thither many good 
and industrious men, and also many desperadoes and thieves, who soon 
obtained full sway in their councils. They boldly declared that " the 
Lord had given the earth and the fullness thereof to His people," and 
that they were "His people," and consequently had the right to take 
whatsoever they pleased from the Gentiles. In pursuance of this decla- 
ration of rights, bands of the more lawless of them strolled about the 
country, taking what they pleased. As they largely outnumbered the 
Gentiles, and as the county officers were mostly Mormons, they were 
enabled to act with impunity until their lawless course excited the indig- 
nation of the other settlers, who, not being able to obtain justice in a 
lawful manner, also resorted to mob violence and retaliation in kind, until 
many a dark and unlawful deed was perpetrated on both sides. 

In 1839 the discord became so great, and the clamor for the expulsion 
of the Mormons so imperative, that Gov. Boggs issued a proclamation, 
ordering Maj. Gen. David R. Atchison to call out the militia of his 
division to put down the insurgents and enforce the laws. He called out 
a part of the ist brigade of the Missouri State Militia, under command of 
Gen. Alex. W. Doniphan, who proceeded at once to the seat of war. 
The militia were placed under the command of Gen. John B. Clark. 
The Mormon forces, numbering about 1,000 men, were led by G. W. 
Hinkle. The first skirmish took place at Crooked River, in the south- 
western part of the county, but the principal engagement was fought at 
Haun's Mills, 5 miles south of the present site of Breckenridge. The 
Mormons of the eastern portion of the county had concentrated there 
and entrenched themselves in the mill and in the blacksmith shop, where 
the militia, numbering about 125 men, attacked and captured them. One 
militia man was wounded and 18 of the Mormons killed — some of them 
after their surrender. 

When the militia appeared at Far West, where the principal Mormon 
forces were gathered, Jos. Smith surrendered, agreeing to Gen. Doni- 
phan's conditions, viz. : That they should deliver up their arms, surren- 
der their prominent leaders for trial, and that the remainder of the 
Mormons should, with their families, leave the State. 

The leaders were taken before a court of inquiry at Richmond, Judge 
Austin A. King presiding. He remanded them to Daviess County, to 
await the action of the grand jury on a charge of treason against the 
State. The Daviess County jail being poor, they were confined at Lib- 
erty. Indictments were found against Jos. Smith, Hyrum Smith, Sidney 



CALDWELL COUNTY. 89 

Rigdon, Lyman Wright, Col. Hinkle, Baldwin and Lyman. 

Sidney Rigdon was released on a writ of habeas corpus. The others 
requested a change of venue, and Judge King sent their cases to Boone 
County for trial. On their way to Columbia, under a military guard, Jos. 
Smith and his fellow prisoners effected their escape. It is claimed, and gen- 
erally believed, that the guard was bribed. 

In connection with the removal of the remainder of the Mormons, 
according to the terms of the surrender, there were many terrible scenes. 
Many of the Mormons were poor and had invested their all in lands from 
which they were about to be driven. Valuable farms were traded for an 
old wagon, a horse, a yoke of oxen, or anything offered that would fur- 
nish means of transportation. In many instances conveyances of lands 
were demanded and enforced at the muzzle of the pistol or the rifle. At 
this time there were about 5,000 inhabitants in the county, nearly 4,000 
being Mormons, most of whom went to Nauvoo. 

In 1842 the county seat was moved from Far West to Kingston, namea 
in honor of Gov. Austin A. King. Immigrants flocked in to occupy the 
homes deserted by the Mormons. 

In 1859 the H. & St. J. R. R. was completed through the 
county, giving direct communication with eastern markets. Prior to that 
time goods had to be brought from the Missouri River. 

On April 19th, i860, the court-house, with all its records, except those 
of the probate court, was burned. 

In July, 1864, the Confederates, under Maj. Thrailkill, entered the 
south-eastern part of the county, capturing Peyton Davis, whom they 
compelled to act as guide. The Home Guards were at Daniel Michael's 
awaiting their commander, Captain Fortune. They were surprised by the 
Confederates, who, on their march thither, had shot John Phillips and 
Joseph Kain, and severely wounded Daniel Toomey. A part of the Home 
Guard escaped, and those captured were soon released through the repre- 
sentations of Judge S. D. Davis and others. Thrailkill marched to 
Tinney's Grove, thence into Carroll County, and two days later returned 
to Kingston. The Home Guards, finding themselves outnumbered, with- 
drew to Hamilton, and many of the citizens took to the brush. 

The Confederates broke open the court-house vault and safe, taking 
therefrom about $8,000 belonging to the school fund. They burned all 
papers relating to the enrollment of the militia, but did not harm the 
other records. They broke open and rifled the store of Northup & 
Lewis. Among the citizens captured at Kingston were John C. Lillard, 
James M. Hoskinson, George Young and Hugh Chain. From Kingston 
they proceeded to Mirabile, breaking open the stores and scattering the 
goods in the streets, and took from Dr. Crawford's safe, which they broke 
open, a large sum of money. The next day they passed on to Plattsburg. 

Physical Features. — Shoal Creek, the principal stream, runs through 



go CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

the central portion of the county from west to east, and with its numerous 
small tributaries, affords an abundant supply of water for stock. Crooked 
River drains the extreme southwestern corner of the county. The creeks 
are skirted with timber, so that the supply is ample for all reasonable wants 
of an agricultural community, and it is so evenly dispersed over the 
county that there are few sections of land destitute of wood. The prairies 
are gently rolling. The soil is a deep, rich, black, sandy loam of great 
fertility. There are not loo acres of non-arable land in the county. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, 
the various grasses, which are a never failing crop, and cattle, horses, 
mules, sheep and hogs. It is one of the finest grazing counties in the 
State, owing to the very nutritious grasses. The soil is well adapted to 
fruit-growing, and there are several fine vineyards in the county. 

Mineral Resources. — The county is well supplied with a superior 
quality of building stone, which is shipped to many of the cities and 
towns along the Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. 

The Manufacturing Interests are mentioned in connection with 
the various towns in which they are located. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^7,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. traverses the northern 
part, and has 26 miles of track in the county. 

The Exports are corn, cattle, hogs, wheat, hay, potatoes, etc. 

Educational Interests. — School-houses dot the prairies in every 
direction, and are mostly new and commodious. At the principal towns 
there are high schools of a superior order. 

Black Oak, 12 miles s. e. of Kingston, has i general store. Popu- 
lation about 25. 

Breckenridge, 11 miles e. of Hamilton, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 
laid out in 1858 by J. B. Terrill, Henry Gist and James A. Price, is the 
second town in the county, and has i large steam flouring-mill, i brewery, 
I broom, i cabinet, 3 carriage and i plow factory, and about 20 stores ; 
I lumber yard, 2 hotels, i' bank, i large grain depot, 5 church buildings, 
with 7 organized church societies. Several of the business houses are 
substantial brick structures. The private residences are mostly new, neat 
and comfortable. The school-house is a fine two-story brick building, 
with capacity for 400 pupils, and cost about ^15,000. The town does a 
large business in shipping grain, cattle, and hogs. 

Catawba, a post-office 10 miles e. of Kingston. 

Hamilton, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 156 miles from Hannibal and 
Quincy, 50 miles from St. Joseph, 69 miles from Kansas City, and 249 
from St. Louis, is the principal commercial town, and the shipping point 
for Kingston and the interior portions of the county. The surrounding 
country is beautiful, undulating prairie, very fertile and productive. 

•Assessed valuation in 1873, ^3,799,173. 



CALDWELL COUNTY. 91 

The town was settled in the spring of 1855, and incorporated in 1868. 
From 1856 to 1858 it contained only three families, in 1859 and i860 it 
improved a great deal, but during the war made little progress ; since its 
close, emigration from the East has poured in, until now (1874) it con- 
tains about 1,400 inhabitants. It has i steam flouring-mill, i wind grist 
and feed-mill, 3 wagon, i cooper and 3 harness shops, 3 hotels, 2 com- 
mission houses, about 30 stores, i bank, 2 lumber yards, i grain elevator,. 
10 dealers and shippers of live stock, i brick-yard, i newspaper and job 
printing ofifice — The News, M. A. Low, editor and proprietor; i school 
building, erected in 1871 at a cost of $15,000; 4 church buildings— M. 
E. Ch., Presbyterian, Congregational and Episcopal. 

Kidder, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 7 miles w. of Hamilton, has about 
300 inhabitants. It has 3 stores, i foundry and machine shop, i hotel 
and 2 church buildings. It is in the center of a most delightful country, 
is settled chiefly by New England people, and is the location of Thayer 
College, under the patronage of the Congregational Church. 

KINGSTON, 8 miles s. s. w. of Hamilton, has been the county seat 
since 1842. It has about 500 inhabitants, and contains a good court- 
house and jail, 12 stores, 3 wagon and blacksmith shops, i boot and shoe 
manufactory, 2 churches, i hotel, i fine two-story brick school-house, i 
steam saw and grist-mill, and 2 newspapers — The Sentinel, Mills & Spivey,. 
publishers, A B. Mills, editor and The Citizen, J. T. Lentzy, editor. 

Mirabile, 7 miles s. w, of Kingston, in the most thickly settled portion 
of the county, has 4 stores, i hotel, and several churches. Populatioa 
about 200. 

Nettleton, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 5 miles e. of Hamilton, has i 
general store. 

Polo, 7 miles s. of Kingston, a new and brisk town, has 3 stores, i 
wagon and carriage manufactory, and a flouring-mill. Population 
about 50. 

Proctorville, 14 miles e. of Kingston and 8 miles s. of Breckenridge, 
named in honor of Dr. Daniel Proctor, an old and influential citizen, 
has J general store, a steam flouring and saw-mill, a church, school- 
house, etc. 



CALLAWAY COUNTY. 

In the central part of the State, is bounded north by Audrain County, 
east by Montgomery, south by the Missouri River, which separates it 
from Osage and Cole, and west by Boone County, and contains 517,736 
acres. 

Population, in 1830, 6,159; in 1840, 11,765; in 1850, 13,827; in 
i860, 17,449; in 1870, 19,202; of whom 15,768 were white, and 3,434 
colored; 9,916 male, and 9,286 female; 18,498 native, (13,317 born in 
Missouri) and 704 foreign. 

History. — This county was settled by Captain Samuel Boone, (nephew 
of Daniel Boone,) in 1818. At that time it was a part of Montgomery, 
which was a territorial county, and reached from St. Charles to Howard. 
It was organized Nov. 25th, 1820, and named in honor of Capt. James 
Callaway, (for account of Capt. Callaway's death, see Montgomery Co.) but 
its limits have since been reduced by the formation of adjoining counties. 
When Capt. Boone first settled here, his nearest neighbor was Isaac C. 
Vanbibber, 8 miles distant. Mrs. Vanbibber was a grand-daughter of 
Col. Daniel Boone, and was the first white child born in Kentucky, her 
parents at that time — 1776 — residing at Boonesborough. Col. Boone 
and Mr. Vanbibber came from Kentucky with their families in 1799, and 
in the fall of 1820 Daniel Boone died without ever having returned. 
This fact is mentioned, (says our informant, Capt. Samuel Boone) because 
there has been some dispute among historians about his return to Ken- 
tucky. 

Physical Features. — The surface of this county along the river is 
level and fertile, the northern portion being broken and hilly, extending 
out upon the ridge which divides the waters of the Mississippi from those 
of the Missouri. Cedar Creek forms nearly the whole of its western 
boundary, and with its numerous tiibutaries, waters and drains this part 
of the county, debouching into the Missouri River at Cedar City. Big 
Muddy, with its tributaries of Stinson, Richland, Bacheler and Bragg 
Creeks, besides Mud, Logan, and Big Tavern Creeks, flowing south and 
southeasterly into the Missouri River, and numerous small tributaries of 
Loutre River, flowing easterly, drain the county. More than ^ of 
Callaway is timbered land, and the remainder prairie. Lying adjacent 
to and north of the Missouri River, and almost the entire length of the 
county, is a belt of bottom land from i to 2 miles wide, of extraor- 
dinary fertility. Next to this, northward, is a line of bluffs from i to 
2 miles wide. These are very broken, but exceedingly fertile. The growth 



94 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

is papaw, sugar-maple, linn, ash, black and white walnut, oak, etc. The 
soil is about i foot deep, of fine mold, with a very porous, sandy- 
clay subsoil, of several feet thickness, underlaid with clay, rock and 
sand. Farther north lie the prairie and oak lands of Callaway. The 
growth is principally oak, interspersed in many places with black walnut, 
ash, sugar-maple, elm, etc. The growth of timber is very rapid, and up 
to the present time, keeps pace with its destruction. The soil of these 
lands is from 3 to i6 inches deep, with about 6 inches of yellow, sandy 
■clay underlaid with 2 feet or more of porous, friable, red clay, which is 
very productive, when turned up to the frost and sun. The prairie lands, 
comprising the greater part of the north and east of the county, have a 
soil from 8 to 16 inches in depth, with a porous subsoil of sandy, yel- 
lowish clay, underlaid with light clay. Artificial ponds are made here 
for stock purposes. These prairies are finely interspersed with timber, at 
convenient distances. Of the soil on the southern bluffs of the county. 
Prof. Swallow says: "It is all that could be desired for the culture of 
the grape, containing an abundance of all the mineral substances which 
enter into the composition of the vine. It is warm, light and dry, and 
contains large quantities of magnesia and vegetable mold, giving it great 
capacity for the absorption and retention of moisture, even in the 
droughts of summer. ' ' The prairie land is especially adapted to timothy 
and blue grass. The latter, though slower to take hold here than in the 
timbered lands, is more tenacious when once set, and the yield of tim- 
othy surpasses that in many other portions of the State. The timbered 
lands are well suited to wheat, tobacco, fruit, hemp, the cereals and 
"vegetables peculiar to this latitude. The bluff land belt, from i to 2 
miles wide, is equal to the river bottom in fertility, and is easily kept up 
iDy a rotation of crops. 

The Agricultural Productions are tobacco, wheat, corn, oats, 
Tye, barley, the grasses, hay and stock. Tobacco is one of the staples, 
and is cultivated with great success. This county took over ^1,700 in 
premiums at the Tobacco Fair, held in St. Louis in 1873. The vine 
grows in perfection and bears abundantly here. Peaches never entirely 
fail, and all other fruits yield largely. Cattle, horses, mules, sheep, and 
hogs, are raised to some extent for market, and the stock trade is the 
principal source of revenue. The mule trade has always been direct with 
the southern markets. Callaway boasts with justice of her fine cattle, 
having some of the best improved short-horn breeds in the West. The 
blue grass, in which much of the county is set, the numerous streams and 
beautiful timber, make this as fine a range for stock as can be desired. 

Minerals. — Beds of bituminous coal underlie the county, with pock- 
ets estimated as 24 feet thick in some places; iron ore, marble, fine lime- 
stone, potters' clay and cannel coal, are found in working quantities. 
In 1848 an extensive stratum of marble was discovered, and at the time, 



CALLAWAY COUNTY. 95 

pronounced equal to any in the United States, being ''compact, fine 
grained, and exhibiting a very minute crystalline structure, with its frac- 
ture conchoidal. It is of a light cream color, and handsomely varie- 
gated." This is about 3 miles from Fulton. Near Cedar City are large 
quantities of mineral paint ; also beds of white sand suitable for making 
the finest glass. Iron ore, hydraulic cement and stone coal, are said to 
exist upon the same section of land. During 1873 i^iore iron was dis- 
covered, of fine quality and in paying quantities. The deposits being on 
the line of the railroad, are easy of access. Several large veins of 
ochre of excellent quality exist, and also extensive beds of good fire-clay. 
The land attached to the State Lunatic and Deaf and Dumb Asylums, 
is underlaid with the latter. 

The Manufacturing Interests are not yet extensively developed. 
A fulling-mill, a tobacco factory and a pottery, besides some 6 or 8 saw 
and grist-mills, constitute the present manufactories. 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;gio,ooo,ooo.* 

Railroads. — The Missouri Branch of the Chicago & Alton R. R. has 
44 miles of track in this county. It gives a direct outlet to St. Louis, 
via Mexico, on the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W., or via 
Jefferson City, on the Missouri Pacific R. R., and to Chicago and the 
East via Louisiana and the -Chicago & Alton R. R. The railroad debt is 
the ^500,000 above alluded to. 

The Exports are chiefly tobacco, hay and live stock, also some 
pottery ware. "Callaway tobacco" stands very high in the market. 
The live stock is second to none. Large droves of horses and mules 
are annually shipped South. In the spring of 1873, ^^on was shipped in 
considerable quantities, but some litigation about title has for a time 
arrested mining. 

Educational. — The county is organized under the general school law 
of the State — 76 good buildings, with competent teachers, being pro- 
vided in the various sub-districts. There are also 2 colleges located at 
Fulton — Westminster College and Fulton Female Synodical College, 
having substantial, commodious brick buildings, and a competent corps 
of professors. 

Auxvasse. — See Clinton City. 

Barkersville. — See Cote sans Dessein. 

Bigbee (Cynthiana), a station on the C. & A. R. R., 12 miles s. of 
Fulton, contains i general store. 

Bryant, a station on the C. & A. R. R., 16 miles n. of Fulton. 

Callaway, a station on the C. & A. R. R,, 5 miles n. of Fulton. 

Carrington, a station on the C. & A. R. R., 8 miles s. w. of Fulton 

♦Assessed valuation for 1873, J6,i24,iio. Taxation, Ji.os per |ioo. Bonded debt, ^500.000. Floating 
debt, about ;^4,ooo. 



96 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

contains 3 general stores. The country around is mostly wood-land, well 
set in grass and affording excellent pasturage. Many cattle, and large 
droves of hogs, are shipped from this place. 

Cedar City, on the C. & A, R. R., 25 miles s. of Fulton, is a thriving 
village, on the Missouri River, opposite Jefferson City, and contains i 
hotel, 9 stores, i lumber yard, i gunsmith shop, and other establishments 
usual in such towns. 

Clinton City (Auxvasse), on the Mo. Br. of the C. & A. R. R., 13 
miles n. of Fulton, is a prosperous village in the center of a very pro- 
ductive country, and is the shipping point for large droves of horses, 
mules and cattle. 

Concord, 4 miles w. of Clinton City, contains 5 stores, i mill and a 
Presbyterian church. Population about 150. 

Cote sans Dessein (Barkersville), on the Missouri River, 2 miles 
below the mouth of the Osage, opposite Dauphine, and 22 miles s. of 
Fulton, contains i general store, and is a considerable shipping point. 
It was first settled by French emigrants in 1808, and was once a populous 
village. Its name (signifying a hill without design) is derived from an 
isolated limestone hill, some 600 yards long, and very narrow, standing 
in the bottom, which, it is thought, some convulsion of nature separated 
from the Osage bluffs, on the opposite side of the river. Cote sans Des- 
sein was the scene of some hard fought battles with the Indians, in which 
were exhibited many instances of woman's bravery and determination. 

Cynthiana. — See Bigbee. 

FULTON, the county seat, on the C. & A. R. R., 20 miles n. n. e. of 
Jefferson City and 25 miles s. of Mexico, has a pleasant and healthy 
situation, surrounded by an excellent farming district, well settled by 
intelligent and industrious citizens. The town was laid out about 1822, 
incorporated March 14, 1859, and has about 1,800 inhabitants. Besides 
the county buildings, the city has 5 churches — Presbyterian, United 
Baptist, Methodist, Christian and Old School Baptist. The Westminster 
College, under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church, with an endow- 
ment of $100,000; also Fulton Female Seminary, established in 1871, 
and an excellent common school, all ably conducted and liberally patron- 
ized, are located here ; also the State Institution for the education of the 
deaf and dumb, and the State Lunatic Asylum. The latter is a beautiful 
edifice, 5 stories high, containing 112 rooms. The people of the county 
contributed $12,000 and 460 acres of land to secure its location at this 
place. Both of these noble charities are well conducted, and are doing 
an important work. Fulton has 2 newspapers — The Telegraph, established 
in 1839, J. B. Williams, publisher; and The Enterprise, established in 
1873, and published by F. Bysfield; 2 banks, i steam grist-mill, 2 hotels, 
about 24 stores, and other industries common to a place of its size. 



CALLAWAY COUNTY. 97 

Holt's Summit (Hibernia), on the C. & A. R. R., 20 miles s. of 
Fulton, contains i general store. 

Jones' Tan Yard, a post-office 9 miles n. e. of Fulton. 

McCredie, on the C. & A. R. R., 8 miles n. of Fulton, is in the 
center of a fine agricultural country, containing an intelligent and pros- 
perous people. Large numbers of horses, mules, cattle and hogs are 
shipped from this point. 

Millersburgh, 12 miles w. of Fulton, contains 4 stores, i mill, and i 
wagon shop. 

New Bloomfield, on the C. & A. R. R., 14 miles s. of Fulton, con- 
tains 5 stores and i saddler shop, besides several other business houses. 

Portland, on the Missouri River, 24 miles s. e. of Fulton, is the 
shipping point for a considerable extent of country. The manufacture of 
tobacco is the principal business of the place. This town, settled about 
1833, has a population of about 300, and contains i steam mill, i brewery, 

1 saddler's and i wagon-maker's shop, 4 stores, i steam flouring-mill, etc. 
Readsville, 18 miles e. of Fulton, contains 2 stores, i tobacco ware- 
house, and I milling company. 

Reform, 14 miles s. e. of Fulton, contains 2 stores and i saw-mill. 
St. Auberts, on the Missouri River, 16 miles s. of Fulton, contains 

2 stores. 

Shamrock, 6 miles s. w. of Wellsville (in Montgomery County), is in 
the extreme n. e. corner of Callaway. It contains i dry goods store. 

Stephens' Store, 20 miles n. w. of Fulton, contains 3 stores and i 
cabinet shop. 

\Villiamsburgh, 16 miles e. n. e. of Fulton, contains 4 stores and i 
wagon-maker's shop. Population about 150. 



CAMDEN COUNTY, 

In the south-central part of the State, is bounded north by Morgan, 
north-east by Miller, east by Pulaski, south by Laclede and Dallas, and 
west by Hickory and Benton Counties, and contains 435,209 acres. 

Population.— In 1850, 2,338; in i860, 4>975 i i^i 1870, 6,108, of 
whom 5,959 were white and 149 colored; 3,105 male and 3,003 female; 
6,032 native (3,862 born in Missouri) and 76 foreign. 

History. — This county was settled by hardy frontiersmen in 1834 or 
1835. The relations of the settlers with the Indians, who were then in 
possession of the county, were friendly. For an account of the 
"Slicker War," which raged for a time in the county, see Benton 
County, page 59. 

Kinderhook County was organized January 29th, 1841, and Oregon 
was made the county seat. February 23d 1843, the name was changed to 
Camden, and the county seat to Erie. Linn Creek afterwards became 
the county seat. 

During the Civil War, Camden suffered less than some of her sister 
counties of the same section, although many homes were pillaged and 
burned, many men, murdered and much property destroyed and carried 
off by the contending factions. 

Physical Features. — Camden is made up chiefly of a succession of 
hills, valleys and beautiful woodlands, there being but little prairie. The 
Osage River traverses the entire northern section, forming part of 
the boundary ; its tributaries from the south-west are Maries, Fork of 
Rainey.Pearson's Creek, and some smaller streams. The Little Niangua, 
from the west, empties into Big Niangua, which unites with the Osage in 
the north-central part of the county. The principal branch of the Little • 
Niangua is Mack's Creek, from the south-west. Big Niangua is swollen 
by Ausburis Branch and numerous smaller streams from the west, and by 
Woolsey's, Bank Branch and Spencer Creeks from the east. Dry 
Auglaize, Miller's Creek, Wet Auglaize and its tributaries debouch into 
the Osage River from the south-east. The bluffs of the Big and Little 
Niangua are picturesque, while the water power of these streams, together 
with their fine forests of oak, walnut and cherry, and a variety of other 
timber, are objects of interest to the manufacturer. The Wet Auglaize, 
in the south-eastern part of the county, meanders through it for fifteen 
miles, and the two Niangua Rivers, conjointly, forty miles. These 
streams aflford good water power, which has been partially improved. 



loo CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

There are numerous fine springs throughout the county. Lower Big 
Spring, and the Big Cave, in township 37, range 17, are points of con 
siderable interest. Some of tliese springs furnish good water power. The 
"range" of this county is excellent, and well suited to sheep-raising. 
The timber is principally, red, burr and black oak, American and red elm, 
white and black walnut, sugar and soft maple, ash, sycamore, hickory, 
honey locust, hackberry, basswood, wild cherry and buckeye. In the 
more eleyated districts, post, black-jack and laurel oak, crab-apple and 
persimmon are found. The soil of the bottom lands and prairies is rich 
antl productive, well suited to agriculture, while the broken lands and hill 
sides are well adapted to stock-raising and grape-culture. 

Agricultural Productions. — Corn, wheat, oats and tobacco are the 
leading productions. Tobacco is fast becoming a staple. Stock-raising 
is largely carried on. Barley, buckwheat, broom-corn, potatoes and rye 
are cultivated. The Atlantic & Pacific Railroad Co. have about 3,300 
acres of land in this county for sale, at from ^2.50 to $8.00 per acre.* 

Mineral Resources. — Mining is carried on to a limited extent, 
but the results of operations thus far indicate extensive deposits of iron 
and lead. In 1846, Captain W. D. Murphy discovered lead ore, erected 
a furnace, and during the year 100,000 pounds of mineral were taken out, 
but in 1S47 the mine was abandoned. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of a lead smelting furnace, 
an iron furnace, 5 or 6 flouring-mills, a few wool-carding machines, some 
saw and grist-mills, and a wagon factory. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1S70, $1,500, 000. f 

Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. has about 11 miles of track 
on the soutli-east boundary of the county. 

The Exports are wheat, tobacco, oats, cattle, hogs, bacon, fruit, 
wool, lumber and lead. 

Educational Interests. — The public schools are receiving increased 
attention, but the buildings are still poor and there is a great need of 
improvement. 

Barnumtown, a post-office 20 miles w. n. w. of Linn Creek. 

Cave Pump, a post-office 7 miles s. w. of Linn Creek. 

Decaturville, on Benton Prairie, 15 miles s. s. e. of Linn Creek, 
was settled in 1838, and has a population of about 50, 2 stores, i wagon 
shop, and a school-house, used also for church purposes. 

Glaize City, 20 miles e. s. e. of Linn Creek, was founded in i860. It 
is in a fine farming district, and contains i general store, a school-house 
and about 25 inhabitants. 

♦The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years; and offer free transportation from St. Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full p.articulars see Appendi.\ — Page 

t Assessed valuation in 1873, ^989,386. Taxation, ^1.05 per ^100. Floating debt, j84,ooo. 



CAMDEN COUNTY. loi 

Gunter's Big Spring, a post-office 9 miles s. of Linn Creek. 

LINN CREEK, the county seat, is on the creek of the same name, 
about I mile from the Osage River, and 27 miles n. w. of Richland. It 
is divided into Upper and Lower Town, the business houses occupying the 
former. The Osage being navigable part of the year, gives the town fair 
advantages as a shipping point. There is i wagon-maker's shop, 3 stores, 
I saw-mill, i grist-mill, i lead-smelting furnace, 2 school-houses and i , 
newspaper — The Stet, L. Samuel Wright, editor and publisher. 

Mack's Creek, a post-office 19 miles s. w. of Linn Creek. 

Olive City, beautifully situated on the Osage River, i mile n. of the 
Osage Iron Works, contains 2 stores and i saw and grist-mill. Popula- 
tion about 50. 

Osage Iron Works, on Bollinger Creek, 13 miles w. n, w. of Linn 
Creek, and about i m. s. of the Osage River, has about 150 inhabitants, 
principally miners and laborers. 

Rainey Creek, a post-office 17 miles w. n. w. of Linn Creek. 

Stoutland, on the A. & P. R. R., 171 miles from St. Louis, is the 
shipping point for a large portion of Camden and Laclede Counties. It 
was settled in 1869, and contains 4 stores, i wagon manufactory, i church 
(used jointly by the M. E. Ch. South, and Baptists), i public school, and 
I newspaper — The Stojitland Rustic, Dr. John W. Armstrong publisher. 
Population about 80. 

Wet Glaize, a post-office 7 miles n. w. from Stoutland. 



CAPE GIRARDEAU COUNTY, 

In the south-western part of the State, .s oounded north by Perry 
County, east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from Illinois, 
south by Scott and Stoddard, and west by Bollinger County, and con- 
tains 362,450 acres. 

Population, in 1810, 3,888; in 1829, 5,968; in 1830, 7,445; in 
1840,9,359; in 1850, 13,912; in i860, 15,547; in 1870, 17,558, of 
whom 15,912 were white, and 1,646 colored; 9,003 male, and 8,555 
female; 14,721 native (11,010 born in Missouri) and 2,837 foreign. 

History. — Cape Girardeau was one of the original districts of which 
Missouri was composed. The first settlement was made by Louis Lor- 
imer on the present site of the town of Cape Girardeau in 1 794. The 
same year three Indian villages — two of Shawnees and one of Dela- 
wares, were erected .on Apple Creek, about 20 miles above its mouth. 
One of these little towns in 181 1 contained eighty houses, principally 
hewn log cabins, covered with shingles and comfortably furnished. 
El Baron de Carondelet, governor-general of the Spanish province of 
Louisiana, granted to Louis Lorimer, by two concessions dated respect- 
ively Oct. 26th, 1795, and Jan. 26th, 1797, 800 arpents of land on the 
Mississippi River, opposite Cypress Island. This grant was confirmed 
to the representatives of Louis Lorimer by act of Congress July 4th, 
1836. It is represented upon the plats of the United States Surveys 
as private claim No. 2,199, ^nd is the site of Cape Girardeau City. In 
1799 the district contained 521 inhabitants, who, except three or four 
Frpnch families, were all emigrants from the United States, and soon 
after that country took possession of the Territory, the men were 
formed into three large military companies. Cape Girardeau district 
extended over a large area, from Apple Creek on the north to Tywappity 
Bottom on the south, and west indefinitely; but county after county was 
taken from it, until March 5th, 1849, it was reduced to its present limits. 

Physical Features. — The southern part of the county is mostly 
level, the other portions present a moderately uneven surface, very little 
more than enough to insure good drainage, except in the first range of 
hills adjacent to the Mississippi River in the north-western part of the 
county, some of which are abrupt. It is a heavily timbered countpy, 
comprising in the different sections poplar, ash, sugar maple, cherry, 
elm, beech, and the different varieties of walnut, hickory, oak, etc., in 
great abundance. The county is well watered by numerous small 
streams. In the north and tributary to Apple are Little Apple. 



I04 CAMPB ELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Hugh, Buckeye and Swan Creeks; in the east, Indian, Flora, Gane,. 
Cape and Cape La Croix Creeks ; the central and western parts are 
watered by White Water River and its tributaries, Hubble, Byrd, 
Caney, Crooked and Hahn Creeks. Many of these streams furnish 
excellent water power. The soil is generally sandy, but part of it is q 
very productive black loam. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, hay, barley, 
sorghum, potatoes and white or navy beans. Hemp, flax, castor-beans, 
broom-corn and buckwheat are each grown to a limited extent, but all 
of them can be produced in paying quantities. Blue grass has been 
somewhat cultivated on the uplands, with fair success. Other kinds of 
cultivated grasses do well, and are used considerably for pasturage. 
Increased attention has been given lately to stock-raising, and improved 
breeds of animals are being introduced to a considerable extent, especi- 
ally hogs and horses. Sheep-raising is also profitable, and fruits of all 
kinds are grown in abundance. There are about 400 acres in the county 
(100 in the vicinity of Cape Girardeau City) planted in grapes. Wine 
is made in large quantities and meets with a ready and remunerative sale. 

The Mineral Resources are large quantities of iron, easy of 
access; some within 3 miles of the Mississippi River; limited quanti- 
ties of lead, different kinds of valuable ochres; also, kaolin in large 
quantities. 

Cape Girardeau City is built upon a marble formation. The State 
Capitol of Louisiana, and some very fine blocks in St. Louis were con- 
structed from it. The light marble is very compact and hard ; does not 
crack from the action of frost, and is within i per cent, of pure lime. 
Beside this, there are variegated marbles, the white and black, the purple, 
red and white, and the yellow and white, all susceptible of a fine polish. 
These marbles are all convenient to the city. Brown sandstone, beauti- 
fully stratified, and easily quarried and dressed, and which hardens upon ' 
exposure to the atmosphere, is abundant near the city, and is used for 
building, paving, etc., as well as the marbles. The beautiful white sand 
found here is shipped to Pittsburg, Philadelphia and Boston for manu- 
facturing the clearest glassware. 

The Manufacturing Interests are considerable, and are noticed 
under the different towns where they are located. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $10,105,000.* 

Railroads. — There are 16 utiles of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & 
Southern R. W. passing through the south-western part of the county, and 
Cape Girardeau City is the eastern terminus of the Illinois, Missouri 
& Texas R. R., which has about 25 miles of road bed in the southern 
part of the county. When completed, this road will open up a valuable 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $3,912,205- Taxation, 80 cents per $100. Bonded debt, ^20,000. 



CAPE GIRARDEAU COUNTY. 105 

trade from Southern Missouri and Northern Arkansas. Mr. Crandall, 
the president, is pushing the work rapidly forward toward completion. 

The Exports are stock, lumber, lime, mineral paint, wheat, corn, 
flour, wine and small grains. 

The Educational Interests are receiving increased attention, and 
are rapidly improving. Public schools are established throughout the 
county, and the city of Cape Girardeau is well supplied with good 
schools. The county contains 83 sub-districts ; 75 school-houses, valued 
at $68,000 ; 7,246 children of school age, 4>4oo of whom are enrolled 
as pupils. Fruitland Normal Institute, J. H. Kerr, principal, is 4 miles 
north-east of Jackson. 

Allenville, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 147 miles from St. 
Louis, and 13 miles s. s. w. of Jackson, is situated on the east bank of 
White Water River, which is quite a large stream at this point. The 
saw-mill here does a large business, logs being rafted down from the 
forests above. The town contains 2 stores, i livery stable, i M. E. Ch., 
I good public school, and is an important shipping point for Stoddard 
and Dunklin Counties. Population, about 150. 

Appleton, (formerly Apple Creek), on the south side of Apple Creek, 
16 miles north of Jackson, and 14 miles w. s. w. of Wittenberg, its 
shipping point, was settled in 1824 by John McLane and John Shoaltz. 
For many years it was the chief trading-post for the surrounding country, 
furnishing supplies to the pineries in what is now Madison County. 
The first store was established here by Kimmel & Taylor, in 1829. It 
contains 2 general stores, i hotel, a brewery and a public school, i 
saddler's and i wagon shop, a saw and grist-mill and about 150 inhab- 
itants. 

Bufordsville, beautifully situated on the White Water River, 8 
miles s. w. of Jackson, and 8 miles n. e. of Laflin, has i store, several 
shops, a grist and saw-mill, and woolen-factory known heretofore as 
George Frederick Dougherty's mills, and the finest water power in the 
vicinity, about 100 horse-power being utilized, with abundant water even 
in the dryest season. There is a suspension bridge at this point. Pop- 
ulation, about 100. 

Cape Girardeau, the chief city of the county, very beautifully 
located on the west bank of the Mississippi River, 150 miles below St. 
Louis, and 17 miles n. e. of Allenville, was settled in i794> laid off as a 
town in 1805, incorporated in 1824, and again in 1843. ^^ ^^ bui^t 
upon a solid bed of marble, so abundant and easily procured that it is 
used for paving. The city possesses very superior facilities for manufac- 
turing, having, as already mentioned, immense quarries of lime and 
sandstone for building purposes, and clay for brick-making, which is 
carried on extensively, one and one-half millions being made annually. 
There are also fine forests of oak, ash, poplar and black walnut in close 



io6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS QUEL 

proximity. The flouring-mills are among the best in the West. The 
Union Mills have a daily capacity of 300 barrels, and their various 
brands of flour meet with a ready sale through the South and in the 
West India Islands. The Cape City Mills, owned by Col. George C. 
Thilenius, have a capacity of 160 barrels, and do a business of nearly a 
quarter of a million dollars per year. The honor of bearing off the 
"MEDAL OF merit" at the World's Exposition at Vienna, in 1873, ^o^ 
the best flour in the world, belongs to Col. Thilenius. It is a notable 
fact that this flour was made from wheat raised in Cape Girardeau 
County. Large amounts of wheat are purchased annually in St. Louis 
for this market. 

There are two lime-kilns, with a daily capacity of 400 bbls. " Rich- 
ard's Cape Lime," so well known throughout the South and West, is 
manufactured here. The exports for 1873 were 15,000 bbls. The great 
quantities of ochres and mineral paints in close proximity, induced 
the building of a paint mill in the northern part of the city. The 
exports of 1873 were 4,075. bbls. There are in the place 4 saddle and 
harness makers, i foundry, i planing mill, i woolen manufactory, having 
180 spindles and 6 looms, i washing machine, i broom, 3 cabinet, 
4 carpenter, 4 wagon and 25 cooper shops ; the latter making nearly 
200,000 packages annually, and exporting, after home demand from 
packers, millers and lime manufacturers, over .20,000 packages ; besides 
4 breweries, i stave manufactory producing 500,000 staves annually, 
2 large marble yards, i tobacco and 3 cigar manufactories, 2 whole- 
sale grocery, liquor and commission houses, about 60 stores, 3 hotels, 
I bank, and a large number of artisans and branches of industry usual 
to a city of its size. There are 4 large vineyards in the suburbs, 3 wine 
cellars, and an annual vintage of 25,000 gallons. Some of the wines 
have a fine reputation, and the demand for them is increasing. 

The Catholics have 2 handsome church edifices, costing ^50,000.' 
The Spanish Catholic Church was organized in 1832 by Father Timon, 
afterwards Bishop of Missouri, and the first child baptized in it was Leo. 
Doyle, now of Doyle Bros, of this city. The Presbyterians have a fine 
building worth ^12,000, and the M. E. Ch., Baptist, Lutheran, and Ger- 
man Methodists have neat and comfortable buildings. 

There is an excellent graded school with an average daily attendance 
of 450, and an enrollment of 2,081, taught in a substantial public school 
building, which cost ^40,000, and in architectural beauty and conveni- 
ence of arrangement is surpassed by few in the State. Situated on an 
eminence in the central part of the city, it can be seen for many miles 
above and below on the Mississippi River, and is a conspicuous land- 
mark and profitable advertisement of the city. St. Vincent College, Rev. 
A. Verrina, C. M,, president, was incorporated Feb. 27th, 1843, with 
power to confer degrees in science and literature. The corporation own 



CAPE GIRARDEAU COUNTY. 107 

1,610 acres of land in the immediate vicinity, and 40 acres within the 
city limits, upon which the college buildings are erected. These cost 
over ^100,000, and the whole property is worth about $250,000. St. 
Vincent convent, under the care of the Sisters of Loretto, has also a 
magnificent property. The convent was incorporated in 1836, and has 
65 pupils, and property valued at about ;^35.ooo. The State Normal 
School for South-east Missouri was located in this city Nov. 22d, 1873, 
and the winter term commenced Dec. loth, 1873. The regents will, 
during 1874, erect a magnificent normal school building in the northern 
part of the city, on the site of old Fort B , one of the most command- 
ing locations in the city. 

Chambers' Commercial College, established in 1872 ; the Cape Girard- 
eau Institute, by Prof. Daniel S. Wilkinson, now in its fourth year, 
and several parochial schools are in successful operation. The city has 
2 newspapers — TJie Western Press, German and English editions, pub- 
lished by Charles Weidt, and the Marble City News, published by A. 
M. Casebolt. The Cape Girardeau Library Association, incorporated 
Feb. 19th, 1862, has'several hundred volumes and a cabinet of minerals 
from South-east Missouri. A literary department is connected with the 
Library Association. The fine grounds of the South-east District Agri- 
cultural Society are located at this place. This district, which includes 
23 counties, organized its society in 1855, ^'-^^ during the Civil War its 
meetings were suspended until 1870, when operations were again com- 
menced, and in 1872 over $3,000 were awarded in premiums. 

The taxable property of the city is estimated at $1,500,000, and the 
bonded indebtedness is $130,000. The city was visited by the earth- 
quakes of 1810-12, and some chimneys thrown down. In 1850 a tornado 
blew down several buildings, but no lives were lost. Of the small popu- 
lation of 1 81 6, four persons are still living : Mrs. Stephenson, Mrs. Wm. 
Watson, Miles Doyle and Andrew Gibony. Population, about 4,500. 

Delta, 3 miles s. e. of Allenville, is the point of intersection of the 
I. M. & T. R. R. with the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W. 

Dutchtown, (Hendricksville,) beautifully located at the foot of the 
hills on the banks of Hubble Creek, 7 miles n. e. of Allenville, was set- 
tled by Peter Held, a native of Switzerland, in i860. The traveler 
entering this place from the east and noticing its romantic location, is 
reminded of Washington Irving's descriptions of some of the ancient 
houses on the Island of Manhattan when it was peopled by the subjects 
of that chivalrous old hero Peter Stuyvesant. The ancient elms, whose 
boughs almost touch the waters of the Hubble on either side of the anti- 
quated bridge, and the sharp gable ends of the oddly-constructed houses, 
remind one of Irving's inimitable chapters in Wolfert's Roost. There 
are a few shops, a small general store and a large water power saw and 
grist-mill. Population, about 50. 



io8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Egypt Mills, 12 miles e. of Jackson, and 3^ miles w. of the MIst 
sissippi River, has a saw and grist-mill, Lutheran Church, a genera) 
store, public school and several shops. 

Green's Ferry is 12 miles n. e. of Jackson. 

Gordons ville, 6 miles s. of Jackson, has a flouring-mill, i general 
store, I wagon and i saddler's shop, and a public school, and is the 
central trading point of the most prosperous part of the county. Popu- 
lation, about 50. 

Hendricksville, (See Dutchtown). 

Hickory Ridge, a p. o. 7 miles s. w. of Allenville. 

JACKSON, the county seat, near the center of the county 10 miles 
n. w. of Cape Girardeau, and 13 miles n. n, e. of Allenville, was incor- 
porated in 1824, and was the early residence of a number of distinguished 
gentlemen of the legal profession among whom the following are particu- 
larly noted : Gen. Nathanael W. Watkins, Gen. Johnson Ranney, Judge 
Thomas Bullitt, John Scott, first Congressman from Missouri, John D. 
Cook, Alex. McNair, first governor of this State, Alex. H. Buckner and 
Greer W. Davis. Gen. Watkins, now residing in Scott County, and 
Mr. Davis, are the only survivors of that memorably brilliant bar of 
1820-23. The first Baptist church in Missouri was founded in 1806 near 
Jackson, under the labors of Rev. D. Green. Jackson is beautifully 
located on the east side of Hubble Creek on a succession of hills afford- 
ing fine building sites. It contains 6 handsome churches — Catholic, 
Presbyterian, Lutheran, Baptist, M. E. Church South and African Meth- 
odist. The public school building, a fine brick structure, centrally 
located, has an excellent graded school. Fair View Seminary is in a 
flourishing condition. The court house is claimed to be the finest build- 
ing of the kind in the State outside of St. Louis. There are 4 general, 
I furniture and several grocery and drug stores, i carriage and wagon 
manufactory, i broom and some other shops, i steam flouring-mill with a 
capacity for 250 barrels per day, 2 hotels and i newspaper, The Missouri 
Cash Book, published by Malone «& Johnson. Jackson has a larger 
inland trade than is usual to a city of its size and number of business 
houses. It is connected with Cape Girardeau by an excellent macada- 
mized road, several of which are in the county. Population, about 800. 

Millersville, on the east bank of White Water River 7 miles n. w. 
of Jackson, settled in 1848, contains 2 general stores, several black- 
smith, wagon and shoe shops, a Masonic hall, i Universalist Church, a 
public school, a large steam flouring-mill and a water-mill. Population, 
about 150. 

Neely's Landing, a p. o. on the Mississippi River 13 miles n. e. of 
Jackson. 

Ne^v W^ells, 14 miles n. n. e. of Jackson and 8 miles n. w. of 

Neely's Landing, settled in 1854, is pleasantly located on Shawnee Creek 



'CAPE GIRARDEAU COUNTY. 109 

and surrounded by a thrifty German population. It has i general store, 
I wagon and i saddler's shop, a public school-house, and a Lutheran 
church. Population, about 65. 

Oak Ridge, 10 miles n. of Jackson, and surrounded by the finest 
farming uplands in the county, was settled in 1852. It contains 2 
churches— Baptist and M. E. Ch. South, a Masonic hall, a public school, 
several shops, i steam flouring-mill and saw-mill, and a population of 

about 100. 

Pocahontas, on the uplands which separate the waters of Shawnee 
and Indian Creeks, 9 miles from Jackson and 9 miles w. of the Missis- 
sippi River, was settled in 1856, and contains i store, i steam-flouring- 
mill, several shops, a carding machine, a public school, 2 churches- 
Lutheran and Presbyterian, and a population of about 100. The Pres- 
byterian church is the third oldest in Missouri and celebrated its semi- 
centennial on May 21st, 1871. It is in the center of a densely popu- 
lated neighborhood which was settled principally by emigrants from 
North Carolina, and was known for many years as the old North Caro- 
lina neighborhood. 

Shawneetown, 14 miles n. w. of Jackson, noted for the energy and 
thrift of its citizens, was settled in 1865, and has a large woolen factory, 
240 spindles and 6 looms, i general store, saddle and wagon shops, a 
machine shop and about 125 inhabitants. 

Stroderville, (White Water,) a p. o. on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W. 
3 miles w. n. w. of Allenville. 

White Water.— See Stroderville. 



CARROLL COUNTY, 

In the north-west-central part of the State, is bounded north by Living- 
ston County, east by Grand River, which separates it from Chariton, 
south-east and south by the Missouri River, which separates it from Saline 
and Lafayette, and west by Ray and Caldwell Counties, and contains 
441, 535 a^res. 

Population. — In 1840, 2,423; in 1850, 5,441; in i860, 9,763; in 
1870, 17,446, of whom 16,619 were white and 827 colored; 9,237 male 
and 8,209 female; 16,624 native (9,058 born in Missouri) and 822 
foreign. 

History. — The territory now comprising Carroll County was laid off 
in townships in 1816, and in 181 7 was sectionized. Previous to these dates 
little is known about it. 

The Sac and Fox Indians held control of the country west of Grand 
River. They had a town in the edge of the timber, on the old Brunswick 
road, in the bend of the river just east of the present farm of J. C. 
Wor)^, and lived there for a year or two after 181 7. Near this place was 
a trading post, established by two Frenchmen, Blandeau and Chouteau, 
and some 6 miles up Grand River, Joseph Robidoux (the founder of St. 
Joseph) had a trading post. The trade with the Indians was a source of 
great profit, and as the Indians began to drift west, the keen judgment of Mr. 
Robidoux soon led him to take possession of and establish a post at Black 
Snake Hills, now St. Joseph. Canoes at first were the only ferry-boats, 
but, as traffic increased, a raft, made of large canoes, was built to accom- 
modate the westward-bound pioneers. This ferry, kept in after years by 
Mr. Cross, became the principal one over Grand River. In the fall 
of 181 7, Martin Palmer, a noted trapper, pioneer, Indian skirmisher, and 
politician in the territory, ventured some 10 miles to Lick Branch, and 
built a cabin to shelter him through the winter, while trapping. This is 
believed to be the first cabin raised within the present limits of Carroll 
County. He remained here through the winter. In the spring the Indi- 
ans made some hostile demonstrations, and Palmer abandoned his cabin 
and returned to the settlements in Chariton County. 

Gen. Andrew Hughes, an old Indian agent nearly 40 years ago, gave 
the writer the meaning of "Wakanda," the principal, stream passing 
through Carroll County. It means "God's River." This stream 
abounded with fine fish, and on its banks, and in the adjacent timber, 
were found deer, elk, buffalo and turkeys in great abundance. The Indi- 



[ 

112 CAMPBELL' S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

ans, thinking that a stream where the Great Spirit had placed such quan- 
tities of game and fish must be sacred, dared not destroy, or kill anything 
in the neighborhood, except on festival days, and their -festivities were 
always held on the banks of this river — hence its name "Wakanda," 
"God's River." 

The malaria arising from the decaying vegetation on its banks, caused 
much sickness (chills and fever), which, being a new disease to the set- 
tlers, they knew nothing about its treatment, and, ignorant to what results 
it might lead, most of them left for other parts of the country, or 
returned to their native States, satisfied that this region was "too sickly 
for human beings to live in." Thus the first attempt to settle this part 
of the country was retarded, only a few families remaining who were 
either too poor to return to their old homes, or determined to risk life 
for fortune in the new country. 

The first permanent settlement was made in the year 1819 by Mr. John 
Standley and Mr. William Turner, who came with their families from 
North Carolina, and, living to a ripe old age, have long since been 
numbered with the dead, leaving numerous families, who, with their 
descendants, are among our best citizens. Mr. Standley settled just east 
of the present site of Carrollton on what is known as "Timmons Addi- 
tion," and Mr. Turner, north of the town, on the place now owned by 
Mr. John Tull. These families were the nucleus around which the 
Careys, Hardwicks, Riffes, Wooleys, and other honored and respited 
names soon gathered and made a good settlement, while this was a part 
of Howard County. In 1822 it became a part of Ray, and remained so 
until the winter of 1832-33, when the territory below range 25 became 
Carroll County. It was the intention to call it "Wakanda" — from the 
river above mentioned. The bill forming the new county had passed its 
first and second reading by that name, but when it came up for final 
passage, the news of the death of the last surviving signer of the Declar- 
ation of Independence had just been received at Jefferson City, and when 
a proposition to call the new county "Carroll" was made, the bill passed 
unanimously, and was signed the 3rd day of January, 1833. Wm. Curl, 
Wm. Crockett and Thos. Hardwick were appointed justices of the county 
court; Joseph Dickson, clerk; and John Curl, sheriff. 

From that time the county has gone on increasing in population, wealth 
and prosperity. 

Physical Features. — The surface is generally undulating; about two- 
thirds prairie, and the balance excellent timber, consisting of black and 
white oak, black walnut, sugar-maple, maple, linn, elm, hickory, hackberry, 
Cottonwood, etc.. The county is well watered by Grand River, which 
forms its eastern boundary ; also by Wakanda, Big Creek and their trib- 
utaries. The Wakanda empties into the Missouri, five miles above the 
mouth of Grand River. Above it is situated the Yellow Rock Prairie, 



CARROLL COUNTY. 113 

noted for its beauty and fertility. Extending along the bank of the 
Missouri, between Wakanda River and Crooked Creek, is a sugar-maple 
bottom which is remarkably fertile. It is some 30 miles long, and from 
five to seven miles in width. 

Almost every variety of surface, bluff or valley, timber or prairie, can 
be found in this county; and many beautiful locations for large stock- 
farms, for which the' climate and position render Carroll peculiarly well 
adapted. The soil is generally favorable to the cultivation of all kinds of 
grain, grasses, fruit and vegetables common in this latitude. There are 
in this county several high mounds rising from one hundred to four 
hundred and fifty feet above the level of the surrounding country. 
Bogard, north of the center of the county, is the highest ; the next highest 
is Stokes ; then Potato Hill Mound, etc. These mounds occur repeatedly, 
and cover an area of some eight or ten miles. The pioneer settlers state 
that lead was found in considerable quantities in some of them, but no 
mines have ever been opened, and none found that would pay for work- 
ing. De Witt was doubtless inhabited at one time by aborigines, and the 
mounds standing on the elevation above, near Skelly's residence, appear 
to have been their works for defense ; and about 600 yards above, on the 
highest ground, is a high mound which was probably th.eir Avatch tower. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, oats, wheat, hemp, tobacco, 
fruits, cattle, horses and hogs. 

Mineral Resources. — Coal has been found In abundance, and there 
is no doubt but that it underlies the whole county. Iron and lead are 
known to exist, but no paying deposits have yet been discovered. At 
White Rock are the famous "White Rock Quarries," employing about 50 
hands, and furnishing very handsome, desirable and durable stone used 
for buildings and bridges at St. Louis, St. Charles, St. Joseph, Kansas 
City and elsewhere. 

Manufacturing Interests. — There is a large woolen factory in ope- 
ration at CarroUton, and wagons, plows, etc., are manufactured to a limited 
extent ; also a foundry which manufactures stoves, fences, fronts for stores, 
and other iron castings of all kinds. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $9,000,000.* 

The Exports consist of grain, cattle and hogs; their value being 
estimated at over;>i,ooo,oooannually. 

Railroads. — The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway has 
about 37 miles of track and 5 stations in the county. 

Educational Interests. — The no sub-districts of the county are in 
a prosperous condition. 

Bailey ville, 18 miles n. w. of CarroUton, has a few houses. 

Battsville, 20 m. n. e. of CarroUton, has a few stores and a wagon shop. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $3,496,176. Entire county debt, about Ji.ooo. 



114 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL. 

3ogard Mound, a i)ost-office 7^ miles n. n. w. of Carrollton 

£ridge Creek, a i»o.st-office 21 miles n. n. e. of Carrollton. 

CARROLLTON, the county seat and principal town, on the St. L., 
K. C. & N. R. W., 207 miles from St. Louis and 66 miles from Kansas 
City, has an elevated and beautiful situation, about 4 miles south of the 
center of the county, on the Missouri Bluffs overlooking the rich river 
bottom. It was named in honor of the last surviVor of the signers of 
the Declaration of Independence, was laid out in 1837, incorporated in 
1847, ^^^ re-incorporated in 1865. Population, about 2,600. Carroll- 
ton is a thriving business town, and has 2 banks, 2 steam flouring-mills, about 
25 stores, 2 lumber yards, 3 hotels and 2 newspapers and job printing 
offices — the Wakanda Record, published by the RccordYx\Xi\\xi^ Company, 
and the Carrollton Journal, O. J. Kerby, editor and publisher. Carroll- 
ton has a good court-house and a large number of substantial brick build- 
ings. The public school building is 3 stories high, costing about 
$41,000, and is carried on at an annual expense of $8,500. The Masonic 
order and the Odd Fellows have each a fine hall. There is a public 
library with about 1,000 volumes, and two literary societies — the Prescott 
and the Bronte Clubs; 8 churches — M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, 
Catholic, Christian, Presbyterian, and Episcopal; M. E. Ch., and Bap- 
tist, colored ; aggregate value, $20,000. The Baptist and M. E. Churches 
are making arrangements for elegant new buildings. South Carrollton, 
just south of Carrollton, was laid out in 1868, and has a population of 
about 300. The depot, grain warehouses and stock yards are at this 
point. 

Coloma, 14 miles n. of Carrollton, laid out in 1858, is in the midst 
of a rich agricultural country, which is fast being settled with industrious 
and enterprising citizens. Population, about 150. 

De Witt, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 171^ miles e. of Carrollton, 
has I church, i school-house and several stores. Being on the Missouri 
River, it is the center of a large cattle and grain trade. Pop. about 300. 

Eugene City, (Wakanda,) on the St. L., K, C. & N. R. W., 7 miles 
e. of Carrollton, is the shipping point for a large circle of surrounding 
country. Population, about 100. 

Hill's Landing is a warehouse on the Missouri River, 7 miles s. e. 
of Carrollton. 

Little Compton, on the Chariton River, 23 miles n. e. of Carroll- 
ton, has I mill and a few stores. 

Mandeville, a small trading point 14 miles n. w. of Carrollton. 

Manlius. — See Pleasant Park. 

Miami Station, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 131^ miles e. of 
Carrollton, was laid out in 1870, and is the railroad station for Miami, 
Saline County, 2>^ miles distant. Large amounts of cattle, hogs, and 
grain from Saline County, are shipped from this point. 



CARROLL COUNTY, 115 

Miles Point, a post-ofifice and trading point on the Missouri River, 
4 miles s. of Norborn. 

Milford, 12 miles n. e. of Carrollton, has a flouring and saw-mill, a 
store, etc. * 

Moberly's Landing, on the Mo. River, 10 miles s. e. of Carrollton. 

Norborn, a thriving town on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., lo miles 
w. of Carrollton, laid out in 1868, has several stores, i lumber yard, 2 
grain warehouses, 3 churches — Baptist, German Lutheran and M. E. Ch. 
South, and a good two-story school-house. Population about 300. It is 
surrounded by the Sugar-Tree Bottom Prairie, unsurpassed in fertility, 
which is being rapidly settled and cultivated. 

Pleasant Park, (Manlius,) a post-office 3 miles n. of Miami Station. 

Ridge, a post-office 15 miles n. e. of Carrollton. 

Shootman is a small trading point 9 miles "n. e. of Carrollton. 

South Carrollton. — See Carrollton. 

Stokes Mound, a post-office 17 miles n. of Carrollton. 

Van Horn, a post-office 10 miles n. of Carrollton. 

^Vakanda. — See Eugene City. 

White Rock is a small trading point 12 miles e. of Carrollton — so 
called because of the immense quarries of the celebrated White Rock 
mentioned elsewhere. 



CARTER COUNTY, 

In the south-east part of the State, is bounded north by Shannon, Rey- 
nolds and Wayne Counties, east by Wayne and Butler, south by Ripley 
and Oregon, and west by Oregon and Shannon Counties, and contains 
325,405 acres. 

Population in i860, 1,235; in 1870, 1,455, of whom ^'425 were 
white and 30 colored; 733 male and 722 female; 1,444 native (829 born 
in Missouri) and ii foreign.* 

History. — This county was organized March loth, 1859, and named 
in honor of one of its earliest and most respected citizens, Mr. Zimri 
Carter. 

Physical Features. — The surface is quite broken and heavily 
timbered ; the bottoms and valleys with the various kinds of hickory, elm, 
ash, black walnut, birch, honey-locust, sycamore, butternut, willow, 
hackberry, maple, sugar maple, white, black, burr, pin, post and 
Spanish oaks, cottonwood, sassafras, papaw, dogwood, redbud, etc. 
The hills are covered with heavy pine forests — not more than one-fortieth 
of the original growth having been cleared off within the last twenty 
years. The soil in the bottoms and valleys is very rich. The hills, being 
very steep and rocky, have generally been considered unfit for cultivation. 

The county is well watered by Current River, which passes through the 
central part. Its chief tributaries on the west are Davis and Roger 
Creeks. The north-eastern part is drained by Brushy Creek and its 
numerous small affluents, and the south-east by the headwaters of Little 
Black River. Current River is swift, clear and beautiful, and abounds in 
trout, salmon, buffalo, cat and various other kinds of fish. It furnishes 
excellent water power, though there is but one mill situated upon that 
stream in this county. The cliffs along this stream are steep and rugged, 
and of pure white limestone, overshadowed by pines of various sizes, from 
the beautiful little dwarf that clings to the sides and crevices of the pro- 
jecting rocks, to the old giant sentinel that towers up from the summit 
of the cliff. This is a favorite section of the State for fishing and sporting 
parties. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats and rye. 
Tobacco and cotton are cultivated to some extent. Sorghum, sweet 
potatoes, buckwheat, and white or navy beans, all grow well here, but are 
not cultivated for exportation. Peaches and the small fruits succeed 

*It is claimed that the census of this county was incomplete, and that the above estimate was only 
about one-half as large as it should have been. 



ii8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

admirably. Some attention has in the last few years been given to the 
culture of the grape with excellent success, and it is believed that many of 
the hillsides, hitherto considered comparatively worthless, may be utilized 
in this way. 

The Mineral Resources are wholly undeveloped, but indications 
of iron and copper abound everywhere. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of 3 saw and grist-mills, 2 of 
which are moved by water power and i by steam. 

^Vealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $980,000.* 

The Exports are stock, lumber, wheat, corn, etc. St. Louis furnishes 
the market for all productions, except lumber, which is rafted on Current 
River, and finds ready sale in Arkansas. Considerable attention is being 
paid to the production of pine lumber, and it is probable that the export- 
ation of that article for the coming year will greatly exceed that of any 
five previous years. 

The Educational Interests are much neglected. The Superin- 
tendent in his Annual Report says: "Among other difficulties may be 
mentioned an indifference to the subject of popular education on the part 
of many citizens and a reluctance to be taxed for school purposes. Our 
school-houses are of a very inferior class, supplied with the rudest benches 
for seats, and destitute of black-boards or apparatus of any kind. Many 
of the houses in which schools are taught are unoccupied cabins, which 
have been erected and used for temporary dwellings, until the owner 
could furnish more comfortable apartments for his family." 

Colemanville, a post-office 13 miles n. n. e. of Van Buren. 

Freeland, a post-office 18 miles e. s. e. of Van Buren. 

VAN BUREN, the county seat, 20 miles w. s. w. of Mill Spring, 
Wayne Co., its nearest railroad station, is charmingly situated on Current 
River, and has 2 general stores, i hotel, i drug store and i saw-mill. 

'Assessed valuation in 1873, ^519,373. 



CASS COUNTY, 

In the western part of the State, is bounded north by Jackson County, 
east by Johnson and Henry, south by Bates, and west by the Kansas 
State Line, and contains 439, 506 acres. 

Population. — In 1850, 6,090; in i860, 9,794; in 1870, 19,296, of 
whom 18,793 were white, and 503 colored; 16,408 male and 8,888 
female; 18,557 native (6,565 born in Missouri) and 739 foreign. 

History. — The first settlers in this county located on the streams 
and in the timber, avoiding the prairie, as seems to have been the cus- 
tom of the western pioneers. In 1830 the first settlement was made in 
the northern portion by Walker, Dunaway, Tom Burgen, Isaac Blevins, 
Warden, Wm. Johnson, J. X. Sloan, Isaac Allen, Levi Russell, Andrew 
Wilson, Reden Crisp, Wyatt Adkins, Allen Yocum, David Butterfield, 
Thomas B. Arnett, Daniel Graham, David Creek, John McCarty and 
Blois, a Frenchman. They were a hardy, fearless set of men, rough and 
uncouth in their manners, but very hospitable and honest ; their princi- 
pal occupation was hunting, and they farmed on a very small scale. They 
dressed principally in buck-skin pants and hunting shirt, an undressed 
fawn-skin vest, and coon or wolf-skin cap and moccasins. Their nearest 
point for supplies was Old Fort Osage, on the Missouri, a distance of 30 
miles. Their principal articles of traffic were deer-skins, dressed and 
undressed, venison, the various kinds of furs, wolf-scalps and skins, 
honey and beeswax, with all of which the country abounded. Some of 
the men were enterprising and thrifty, and engaged in raising cattle, as 
there was unlimited grazing summer and winter. These pioneers, in after 
years, received the appellation of "Nettle trampers " (this troublesome 
plant being destroyed by grazing) from the succeeding immigrants. The 
growth of the county was slow, on account of the frequent incursions of 
Indians on predatory expeditions. These scarcely ever amounted to any- 
thing more serious than stealing a horse here and there, and were made 
in revenge of counter incursions from a band of horse-thieves, which 
infested the western part of the county. This band concealed their 
stolen property along a branch of Grand River, which, from this circum- 
stance, was called '' Pony Creek," a name it holds to this day. Many 
attempts were made by the citizens to break up this band, but without 
success until 1842. Indeed, as late as 1840, they came within 14 votes 
of electing one of their number sheriff of the county. The successful 
opponent was John M. Clark, who immediately began a vigorous prose- 



120 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

cut-ion of the war against thieves. Sheriff Clark, who was also county 
collector, made his first return to the State in wolf-scalps. 

Van Buren County (now Cass and Bates) was organized September 
14th, 1835. The first court was held at the residence of James W. Mc- 
Clellan, he and Wm. Savage being appointed justices, and Wm. 
Lyon clerk, pro teiti. At the first term of this court, which lasted 
but one day, James Williams, Wm. Y. Cook, John Adams and Ful- 
ler were appointed constables. At this time Russel Hicks (afterwards 
judge) was admitted to practice in the Van Buren Circuit Court as an 
attorney, and a most able one he proved himself to be. Directly after- 
wards the county seat was selected and entered, under an act of Con- 
gress giving the counties a right to select 160 acres for that purpose, and 
was named Harrisonville, after the Hon. Albert G. Harrison, then Con- 
gressman at large from Missouri. February 19th, 1849, the county was 
reduced to its present limits, and, for political reasons, the name was 
changed from Van Buren to Cass. 

During the Civil War, Cass was skirmishing ground for the guerrillas 
of both armies, and scarcely a day passed without a sharp encounter. 
The famous "Order No. 11," which applied to Jackson, Cass and Bates, 
ended this condition of anarchy, but almost depopulated the county. Of 
the nearly 10,000 inhabitants about 600 only remained, and these were 
gathered about Harrisonville and Pleasant Hill, the military posts. This 
order was followed by an immense destruction of property. Immedi- 
ately after the close of the war, it was estimated that at least one-third 
of the houses had been burned and one-half of the farms destroyed. The 
re-settlement of the county was principally by the soldiers of both armies, 
who, forgetting past dissensions, settled down side by side, and by indus- 
try and thrift are fast making Cass one of the leading counties of the 
State. 

Physical Features. — The country is high and undulating, inter- 
spersed with streams remarkable for the depth of their narrow bottoms. 
Looking off from Harrisonville to the north, south or west, the spectator 
sees only a beautiful expanse of prairie stretching out before him, although 
between him and the distant horizon are many streams bordered with 
oak, hickory, elm, ash, walnut, sugar maple, etc., much of it 100 feet 
high. The "Knobs" relieve the monotony of the prairie; chief among 
these are Brookhart's Hill, i mile south of Harrisonville, and Brushy 
Knob, 8 miles east from Pleasant Hill. Belle Plain and the mounds south- 
west of Harrisonville, are elevations which command fine views of the 
neighboring country. 

The county is remarkably well watered, the south-western half being 
drained by Grand River and its numerous tributaries, chief of which are 
Wolf Creek, Town Branch, Pony, Eight Mile, Clear Fork, Blacksnake, 
Sugar and Knob Creeks. The north and north-eastern parts are watered 



CASS COUNTY. 121 

"by Alexander and Big Creeks and their tributaries; also by Percival 
Creek, Crawford's Branch, Camp Branch, Panther Creek, and many 
others. In the northern and central portions of the county the streams 
are bordered on one side or the other with bluffs of limestone, which is 
occasionally used for building purposes. The soil of the county, which 
varies from a rich brown to a deep black, is very fertile and produces 
excellent crops of all the cereals; fruits, also, succeed well. 

The Agricultural Productions are the grasses, wheat, corn, oats, 
rye and barley, besides cattle, hogs, horses, mules and wool. Fruits and 
vegetables succeed admirably, and small quantities of hemp and tobacco 
have been raised. 

Mineral Resources. — This county is underlaid with coal, but only 
one mine has been opened, which is 8 miles south-east of Harrisonville. 

Manufacturing Interests.— There are 10 flouring-mills, i woolen 
factory and 2 wool carding-machines. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^12,000,000.* 
Railroads. — There are 79^ miles of railroad completed in the county. 
The Missouri Pacific passes through the north-east corner, and the 
Lawrence Branch, through the northern part ; the Missouri, Kansas & 
Texas runs east and west through the center ; in addition to which the 
Lake, Lexington & Gulf R. R. is graded and bridged from the north- 
eastern corner in a south-westerly direction through the county to the 
center of the southern line ; and the Kansas City & Memphis R. R. is 
partially graded from Kansas City to Harrisonville. 

The Exports are cattle, hogs, wheat, corn, oats, fruits, vegetables, 

horses, mules, etc. 

Educational Interests. — There are 120 public schools in the county, 
affording good facilities for education in each neighborhood. The cities 
of Plea.sant Hill and Harrisonville have each large and commodious 
buildings in which high shools are taught by able principals, with five 
assistants each. 

Austin, 10 miles s. s. e. from Harrisonville, located in a fine agri- 
cultural country, on the line of the L., L. & G. R. R., has a good school 
and church, several stores and i hotel. Population about 400. 

Belton, on the Lawrence Branch of the M. P. R. R., 17 miles w. of 
Pleasant Hill, is a thriving village of about 300 inhabitants, and has 
several stores and a lumber yard. 

Brosley, a post-office 9 miles s. of State Line. 

Dayton, 12 miles s. e. of Harrisonville, contains i church, several 
stores and a good steam flouring-mill. 

East Lynne, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 6 miles e. of Harrisonville, 
and surrounded by a fine farming country, has 2 stores, i steam flouring- 
mill, and I lumber yard. Population about 100. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $6,123,263. Taxation, $2.00 per $100. Bonded debt, S333,ooo- 



122 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS OUR L 

Everett, 14 miles s. s. w. of Harrisonville, has 3 stores, i church and 

1 school-house. 

Freeman (Morristown), on the M., K. & T. R. R., 9 miles w. of 
Harrisonville, has 6 stores, i lumber yard and i flouring-mill. Population 
about 300. 

Gunn City, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 9 miles e. of Harrisonville,. 
has I store, and about 25 inhabitants. It is remarkable as the place where 
the bond swindlers were taken from the train and shot, an act which 
created great excitement throughout the country. 

HARRISONVILLE, the county seat, on the M. K. & T. R. R.^ 
254 miles w. of St. Louis, was named in honor of Hon. Albert G. Har- 
rison. The first settler on the site of the town was James Lucky, in 1830. 
In May, 1837, the town was laid off and the first house was erected by 
Jason L. Dickey. Henry H. Baker also became a resident of the place 
about this time. The same year a log court-house was built by John 
Jackson for $2,00, which was used until 1844, when the present comfort- 
able brick one was erected. Since the war the growth of this town has 
been steady, and it now has a population of about 1,000. Some substan- 
tial buildings have been erected, among which may be mentioned the 
public school, which cost ;^ 15, 000. It has 5 churches — M. E. Ch., M. E. 
Ch. South, Baptist, Cumberland Presbyterian, and Christian, 15 stores, 

2 wagon and carriage shops, 2 hotels, i carding machine, i lumber yard, 
I flouring-mill, and i newspaper — the Cass County Courier, published 
by Jas. E. Payne. 

Jonesville, a post-office 3 miles s. of State Line. 

Morristown. — See Freeman. 

Peculiar, a post-ofiice 8 miles n. w. of Harrisonville. 

Pleasant Hill, the chief town in the county, on the M, P. R. R.,. 
248 miles w. of St. Louis, and 33 from Kansas City, was first known as 
Big Creek, but from the beauty of its situation, on a ridge commanding 
a fine view of the surrounding country, its present name was given. The 
first settder was Mr. Blois, in 1830. He kept a small grocery store, and 
for f>ome time llis nearest neighbor was John McCartney. Blois sold out 
to W. H. Duncan and W. H. Taylor, and they to Wm. Ferrell, and the 
latter, in 1836, to W. W. Wright, who, in 1843 or '44, (the land having 
come into market) entered the land and laid off the town. In 1845 ^^ 
contained about 40 inhabitants, and at tbe breaking out of the war, about 
500, During the war it suffered at the hands of both parties, and was 
almost entirely destroyed ; but after the building of the M. P. R. R. in 
1865, it grew with wonderful rapidity; stores, shops, and dwellings went 
up as if by magic, and wonderful things were predicted for Pleasant 
Hill. For three or four years past its growth has been slow. It now has 
10 churches — 2 Presbyterian, i M. E. Ch., i M. E. Ch. South, i Baptist, 
I Episcopal, I Congregational, i Christian, i Catholic, and i colored 



CASS COUNTY 123 

Baptist — I public school building which cost $15,000, and a colored 
school. It contains 2 flouring and i corn mill, i carding and spinning 
machine, i broom factory, i steam brick machine, about 30 stores, 3 
livery stables, 3 lumber yards, and 2 newspapers — the Review, published 
by A. G. Blakey, and the Dispatch, published by Cameron & Son. Pop- 
ulation, about 2,554. 

This town is an important shipping point for stock, corn, wheat, oats, 
etc. The country about it is thickly populated and under a high state of 
cultivation, almost all of it being inclosed with hedge or rock ^ences. 

Raymore, on the Lawrence Branch of the M. P. R. R., 12 miles 
w. of Pleasant Hill, has 3 stores, i lumber yard and a population of 
about 25. 

Schuyler, a post-office 14 miles s. e. of Harrisonville. 

Strasburg, on the M. P. R. R., 6 miles e. of Pleasant Hill, formerly 
called Big Creek Station, has i store and about 100 inhabitants. 

^Vadesburg, a post-office 22 miles e. s. e. of Harrisonville. 

West Union, a post-office 5 miles north of Freeman. 

West Line, on the M. K. & T. R. R., 14 miles w. of Harrisonville, 
has I store. This town is near the western line of the county, and has 
been recently laid out. 



CEDAR COUNTY, 

In the western part of the State, is bounded north by St. Clair County, 
east by St. Clair and Polk, south by Dade, and west by Barton and Vernon 
Counties, and contains 322,000 acres. 

Population in 1850, 3,361 ; in i860, 6,637 ; in 1870, 9,474, of whom 
9,363 were white, and iii colored ; 4,851 male, and 4,623 female; 9,370 
native (4,919 born in Missouri) and 104 foreign. 

History. — The first settlement was made in 1832, near the Mont- 
gomery and Dunnegan Mills, 2 miles east of Stockton, by John Crisp, who 
is now living in Dade County. Cedar was organized in 1843, ^om parts 
of Dade and St. Clair. The first mill built, by Mr. Phillip Crow, on 
Bear Creek, about 3 miles north-east of Stockton, was for a long time the 
only one for many miles around. The first county court was held at this, 
mill, and the first circuit court at what was called the Hunter Place, 
about 2 miles south-west of Stockton. During the Kansas troubles, 
and in the late Civil War the hostile parties frequently met upon its soil. 
The people at that time were strongly swayed by the political tide, the 
majority at first espousing the Confederate cause. During the summer 
of 1863, the noted bushwhackers, Livingston and Vaughan, with about 
300 men, attempted to capture the court-house at Stockton, which had 
been converted into a Federal fort, but they were repulsed by the militia, 
and both the leaders killed. In the fall of the same year, however, Shelby 
captured and destroyed the building. Stockton was much damaged, and 
the Crow and Caplinger Mills, with most of the farm-houses in the western 
part of the county, were destroyed. These proceedings so incensed the 
militia, that in retaliation, they sometimes refused quarter, destroying 
with fire and sword nearly everything on the premises of Confederate sym- 
pathizers. 

Physical Features. — The surface of the county is undulating, with 
about an equal division of prairie and timber. The Sac River, the largest 
stream, traverses it from south to north, flowing into the Osage. Its 
tributaries are Turkey, Silver and Bear Creeks, East ^Fork of Sac, and 
Brush Creek from the east ; its largest tributary, Cedar Creek, flowing 
from the south-west, and joining it near the northern boundary of the 
county ; Horse Creek, and other smaller streams, coming with Cedar, 
from the west. Fine springs abound. The Stockton, Conner and White 
Hare Springs, especially, are worthy of note, the last two, on Conner's 
Prairie, being large and constant in their flow. The western part of the 
county is principally prairie, beautifully diversified with groves, while the 
streams are also skirted with an ample supply of timber. The eastern 



126 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

part is nearly all timber land, mostly suitable for cultivation. In the 
vicinity of Sac River and Cedar Creek, the country is hilly, occasionally 
rising into bluffs. Conner's Prairie, between these streams and south-west 
of Stockton, contains about 40 square miles of beautiful and productive 
land. There is another prairie lying w. n. w. of Stockton, about 10 miles 
long, and from i to 5 miles wide. The timber of the uplands is princi- 
pally oak, black-jack and hickory ; the lowlands are covered with a heavy 
growth of oak, walnut, hackberry, sycamore, ash, maple, pecan, persim- 
mon, butter-nut, red-bud, birch, sassafras, cherry, box-elder, sumac, mul- 
berry, honey and black locust; while cedars are abundant on many 
of the bluiTs along Cedar Creek, hence its name. The soil, generally of 
red, brown and black loam, is admirably adapted to the production of 
tobacco ; also to the cereals and grasses common to the latitude. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, 
flax, potatoes, etc. ; the grasses, tobacco, corn and wheat being the 
staples. The tobacco is of fine quality, and almost a sure crop. Apples, 
peaches, pears, plums, quinces, apricots and grapes, especially the first 
two and the last, do remarkably well. Grazing engrosses much of the 
attention of the farmers, the fine natural range affording inexpensive 
pasturage, and making the raising of cattle, horses, mules, sheep and hogs 
very profitable, — cattle and mules, generally, proving the most remuner- 
ative. About 21,000 acres of swamp lands were patented to the county, 
though very little of it is really unfit for cultivation. The State Agri- 
cultural College owns about 2,700 acres of land in this county. 

Mineral Resources. — Iron ore is found in large quantities. In 1839 
and 1840 a forge and furnace were built on Little Sac River, and consider- 
able iron, of fair quality, was made, but the low prices and distance from 
market rendered the business unprofitable, and the workmen failing to 
receive their pay, out of revenge destroyed the machinery. It has never 
been rebuilt, nor has any other attempt been made to utilize the iron 
resources of the county. Coal of excellent quality crops out of the hill- 
side in many places, in the north-east and south-west. Childress and 
Hosey's banks, north of Stockton, have been worked since 1858. The 
surface veins vary in thickness from 18 to 36 inches, but no shafts having 
yet been sunk, nothing is certainly known of the extent and value of these 
deposits. At present coal is not considered worth more than the cost of 
mining. With railroad facilities, the iron and coal would be of im- 
mense value. There are also good indications of lead and copper in 
various parts of the county. 

The Manufacturing Interests are yet in abeyance, being limited 
to a wool-carding machine, a few flouring and saw-mills, cooper shops, etc. 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^2,000,000.* 

♦Assessed valuation for 1873, ;fi,838,338. Taxation about Ji. 05 on $100. Floating debt, $5,000. 



CEDAR COUNTY. 127 

The Exports consist of wheat, oats, flax-seed, tobacco, wool, fruits, 
lumber and live stock ; cattle being the largest and most valuable item, 
horses and mules next, then wheat, tobacco and hogs. Flax-seed each 
year receives increased attention, and bids fair to stand prominently 
among the exports of the county. 

The Educational Interests are well attended to, there being 60 
school-houses. The county and township funds amount to about $30,000; 
number of children of school age, 4063. 

Alice, (Horse Creek and Mule Creek,) a post-office 8 miles w. n. w of 
Stockton. 

Bear Creek (Paynterville), 8 miles e. s. e. of Stockton, on the Boli- 
var road, has 2 general stores. Population about 40. 

Cane Hill, 10 miles s. of Stockton, laid out in 1869, contains 4 
stores and some other industries. 

Caplinger's Mills, (Sackville,) on the w. bank of the Sac River, 7 
miles n. of Stockton and 23 miles s. e. of Schell City, its nearest railroad 
station, was settled in 1849 by Samuel Caplinger, who built the mills 
called by his name. These were destroyed and the dam washed away, 
during the war, and in 1866 the property changed hands; the mills being 
rebuilt by Andrew Masters, are now known as Masters' mills, though the 
post-office still retains the old name. In 1869, the town was laid off by 
Chandler, and has now a population of about 40. It is surrounded by a 
fertile country, has the best water power on Sac River, and near it is one 
of the best coal banks in the county. It contains 2 stores, a grist-mill 
and a saw-mill. 

Centreville, 18 miles w. n. w. of Stockton, was destroyed during the 
late war, and not rebuilt. 

Clintonville, 16 miles n. w. of Stockton, was laid out in 1857 by 
G. B. Adcock, and has a population of about 50. It contains 
2 stores and a public school building. 

Clear Spring. — See Lebeck. 

Eaton, 20 miles n. w. of Stockton, was destroyed during the late war, 
and has not been rebuilt. 

Horse Creek. — See Alice. 

Lebeck (formerly Clear Spring), 17 miles n. n. w. of Stockton, settled 
in 1868 by Noah Graham, has a population of 30 or 40, and contains i 
steam saw-mill, 2 stores, a wagon shop and a public school building. Its 
nearest railroad station is Schell City, 16 miles distant. 

Mount Enterprise, 10 miles s. s. w. of Stockton, is located near 
the site of White Hare, which was entirely destroyed during the Civil 
War. There is a good public school here, and a few other houses. 

Mule Creek. — See Alice. 

Paynterville. — See Bear Creek. 

Sackville. — See Caplinger's Mill. 



128 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS URL 

Silver Creek, 5 miles n. of Stockton, is so called because of its 
proximity to some mines, which were supposed to contain silver, but 
proved to be iron and antimony. 

STOCKTON, the county seat, is 30 miles s. e. of Schell City, its 
nearest station, on the M., K. &. T. R. R. It was called Lancaster until 
January 2d, 1847, when it was changed to Fremont. When Gen. Fre- 
mont ran for the Presidency in 1856, being objectionable to some of the 
influential citizens, they petitioned the Legislature for a second change, 
and the town received the name of Stockton. It was settled by Zimri 
Crabtree, March 26th, 1846. The site was selected on account of a very 
large spring, which gushes from the foot of the bluff on which the town 
is partly built. The place is laid out with much narrower streets than is 
usual in modern towns, and is surrounded by steep, rocky hills, but the 
adjacent country is generally fertile and well settled. It was incorpo- 
rated in 1855, has a population of about 400, and contains i church — 
Christian — worth ^1,800, 2 school-houses, 2 newspapers — the Stockton 
Journal, edited by H. C. Timmonds, and the South-west Tribune, edited 
by Jos. H. Dumars ; 3 hotels, i carding-machine, about 10 stores, i gun- 
smith, I saddlery and harness shop, i wagon shop, i tannery and i steam 
grist-mill, 

Virgil City, on the county line between Cedar and Vernon, 15 miles 
w. n. w. of Stockton, and about the same distance e. of Nevada, its nearest 
station on the M., K. & T. R. R., was laid out in 1866 by B. R. Con- 
yers and Virgil W. Kimball (for whom it was named), and has a popula- 
tion of about 200. It is located on a large prairie, sheltered on the n. w. 
by timber ; has a public school-house, a steam saw and grist-mill, i 
wagon and i harness shop, 10 stores, i hotel, etc. 

White Hare. — See Mt. Enterprise. 



CHARITON COUNTY, 

In the north-west-central part of the State, is bounded north by Linn and 
Macon Counties; east by Macon, Randolph and Howard; south by 
Howard and the Missouri River— which separates it from Saline, and 
west by Grand River— which separates it from Carroll and Livingston 
Counties, and contains 457^397 acres. 

Population in 1830, 1,780; in 1840, 4,746; in 1850, 7,514; m 
i860, 12,562; in 1870, 19,136, of whom 16,336 were white, and 2,800 
colored; 9,913 male, and 9,223 female; 17,941 native (11,615 born in 
Missouri) and 1,195 foreign. 

History.— The first settlers were some French fur-traders, who located 
near the mouth of the Chariton River, and named it in honor of their 
leader. A very early settler was George Jackson, who afterward 

served in the Legislature. 

On June 10, 1804, Lewis and Clarke passed the mouths of Big and 
Little Chariton Rivers, which then had separate outlets, but which now 
unite about a mile before they empty into the Missouri. The Indians 
had a tradition of a large lake— traces of which are still apparent— in 
the fork of the Charitons, where they paddled their canoes and caught 
many fine fish. 

Some immigration took place previous to 181 2, when, owing to the 
war, it ceased, and was renewed in i Si 6 when this region was sectionized. 
In this year, John Hutchinson and two or ^hree families from Howard 
settled on Yellow Creek about 20 miles from Brunswick, where the first 
named lived until his death in 1857. A few years later, Henry Clark, 
revered for his piety and uprightness, settled on Clark's Branch in Clark 
Township, both of which perpetuate his name. At the time of the sur- 
vey, Congress granted to each of the soldiers of the war of 181 2, who 
had been honorably discharged, 160 acres of land, and the same to the 
widows and orphans of those who died or had been killed in the service. 
About 5,000 quarter sections were drawn in Missouri, a considerable num- 
ber of which were in Chariton County. Most of these fell into the hands of 
speculators, who held them expecting the improvements upon the adjacent 
lands would greatly enhance their value. The titles to a considerable 
portion of these lands were for a long time in dispute. The titles called 
" New Madrid Claims," lands granted to the sufferess by the New Madrid 
earthquakes, were partly located in this county, and were also largely 
held by speculators, which circumstance greatly retarded the settlement 
of the county. 



13© CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 

The first land sales took place in 1818, during which year large settle- 
ments were made. The town of Chariton, near the mouth of the Chari- 
ton River, about 2 miles above the present city of Glasgow, sprang up 
as if by magic. The splendid lands east in Howard, and north and west 
in Chariton, were thickly settled that fall. In the Missouri Bottom, west 
of the Big Chariton, were James Earickson, afterward Senator and State 
Treasurer, his son-in-law, Talton Turner, Archibald Hix, Sam'l Williams, 
father of John P. Williams, Col. John M. Bell, John Morse, Henry 
Lewis, Richard Woodson, John Doxey and others who occupied the 
county as far north as Bowling Green Prairie. In the forks of the Chari- 
ton were Joseph Vance, Col. Hiram Craig, Abram Lock, Nathaniel 
Butler, Thos, Watson, Peterson Parks, Robert Hays, Samuel Burch, 
Samuel Dinsmore, James Ryan and Abner Finnell ; and further north, 
James Heryford. In what is now Chariton Township were John Tooley, 
Samuel Forest, Joseph Maddox and Thos. Anderson. On the bluffs, as 
it was called, were Maj. Dan'l Ashby, afterward State Senator, Abram 
Sportsman, Alex. Trent, John Harris, and John Sportsman ; Edward B. 
Cabell and family also came in 1818. Many others settled here from 
181 8 to 1820. There was also a small settlement on Salt Creek, consist- 
ing of William and John Beatty and a few others. About this time 
Thos. Stanley settled on Grand RiVer. During the winter he lived in 
the hollow part of a huge sycamore log, keeping his fire outside. This 
habitation proved highly convenient, as it was light enough for him to 
roll around out of the smoke when the wind was in the wrong direction. 
With such books as the settlement afforded, he spent his long winter even- 
ings; a sycamore splinter dipped in raccoon oil supplied him with light; 
the wild game of the forest and prairie furnished his table ; and here he 
lived as happy, if not as comfortable, as a prince. The Indians in those 
days were numerous and sometimes troublesome. Skirmishes with them 
were not unfrequent, for they made occasional forays into the settlements, 
stealing whatever valuables they could find. These visits were always 
resented, and in most instances the property was recovered. But few dry 
goods were brought to the county, as these were mostly manufactured by 
the industrious women of that period. 

Nearly all the pioneers were men of intelligence, substance and energy, 
well qualified to build up a new country. With such surroundings the 
town of Chariton grew rapidly, and was soon regarded by the people as 
the most promising place in the State. Intelligent men, who owned land 
in St. Louis, exchanged it for lots in Chariton. Wm. Cabeen gave lots 
in St. Louis, situated between the Planters' House and the river, for lots 
of equal size in Chariton. The site of Chariton is now a farm, and St. 
Louis is the "Future Great City." Among the first inhabitants of the 

town were Gen. Duff Green, his brother-in-law, Sample, Dr. John 

Bull, John AuU, James Glasgow, Stephen Donohoe, John Moore, Col. 



CHARITON COUNTY. I3' 

Findley and Mr. Campbell. Rev. John M. Peck preached in Chariton 
Tan /iSiQ, and in the succeeding week organized a "m.te society, of 
which Mrs. Duff Green was president. In the spring of 18.9. the first 
Sunday school west of St. Louis was organized,-the town then con- 
taining about 30 families. In i8ao, John Bowler, a Baptist preacher, 

^' tI: coif; was organized Nov. ,6, x8.o, and the county seat w^ 
located at the town of Chariton. Edward B. Cabell was appointed clerk 
of the county and circuit courts, and held that office for -arlyso years ; 
John Moore was the first sheriff; Col. Hiram Craig, CoL John M. Be 1 
Ld Meshach Llewellyn, formed the county court; -^ J"dge lodd 
presided in the circuit court. George Buckhartt, »ho 'esided in what 1 
now Randolph County, was the first representative. Duff Green one of 
"he mo^t dilinguished men in this region in those early times, afterward 
edtoof" the i. S. Telegraph at Washington, was, upon one occasion a 
cadidate for major of the militia, the opposing candidate being the 
cdebrated Indian fighter. Col. Cooper. Some misunderstanding ex, ted 
beweetthe rival candidates. Green was to address the voters on election 
day and Cooper declared that if he dared to do so he would pull him 
down and chastise him. Green knew this, but commenced his speech at 
^appointed time. He saw Cooper making his way through 'he crcnvd 
evidently intent upon putting his threat into execution. He went on 
untrcooper was quite near, when, turning his eagle eyes upon him and 
"a'i^g hs hand upon his sword, he mildly said: "Old gentleman I 
reLe?t your gray hairs." No further interruption occurred. Cooper 
known to be a brave man, on being asked why he stopped, repbed: 
s^w something in Green's eyes which warned me to keep, 'ha"d-ff- 
Green was elected. About this time he was also appointed by Gov. 
Clarke to distribute a quantity of goods to the Indians in these regions. 
On of th few steamboats then navigating the Missouri, was slowly 
making i' s way up-stream, with the Indian goods aboard The copper 
pi« by which the steam escaped was made in the form of a snake, head 
^^t and jaws wide apart, and placed in d,e water in f""' °f *^ ^^ ■ 
and the steam gushed out at intervals with a loud snort The Indians 
"owding the bank, watched the boat (the first they had ever seen) wnh 
^n°ense Interest. As it came near enough for them .0 see the terrible 
re in *e water, drawing it along as they thought the officers on board 
fired a small cannon. This was too much for the red men, and away they 
tent fly^g n consternation through the woods in all directions and it 
:: not ™?il the next day that they could be P--"^^^;;!;- ^ ^^ ^d 
In the winter of 1833-.4, Findley's steam mill ■"Ch-ton w^burn d 

This was the first misfortune. In the -™™- "^ '*;/,' ^^"jte" it 
Missouri River inundated its bottom lands to a depth "f ^-^^"^'/^^ ' " 
^^^^TasToned great loss and distress to those living in the submerged district. 



132 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS QUEL 

and after the waters subsided, fever and sickness prevailed. From 1826 
to 1830 the county gradually increased in population and wealth, and the 
people began to make homes in the Missouri Bottom. 

A body of militia was organized into companies, commanded by Gen. 
John B. Clark, who marched to the frontier during the Black Hawk War. 

Martin Palmer (known as the Ring-tail Painter), a singular man and a 
recluse in his habits, about this time had a cabin on Palmer's Creek, which 
is named for him. He was a rough man, but hospitable and intrepid, 
with many eccentricities and good native talent. He was the first Repre- 
sentative in the Legislature from Chariton County. Many of the earlier 
settlers were from the tobacco-growing regions of Virginia and Kentucky, 
and finding both soil and climate here admirably adapted to it, entered 
largely into its culture with great profit, although the price rarely exceeded 
from $2.50 to ^3.00 per 100 lbs. Corn was so extensively produced as 
to be dull sale at from 10 to 12^ cents per bushel. The spontaneous 
products of the forests and prairies furnished abundance of food for stock, 
so there was poor demand for corn at home or abroad. 

About 1825, Jno. P. Williams, then a boy, went out with one of his 
colored servants coon-hunting. They treed 3 large coons, and after hard 
work felling trees, and a terrible fight in which dogs, coons and men all 
took an active and exhaustive part, the coons were captured, killed and 
drawn home, when they turned out to be panthers, much to the pride and 
gratification of all concerned. 

During the late war, Chariton County had its share of "unpleasant- 
ness." September 20, 1864, the Confederates under Thrailkill and Todd 
burned the court-house at Keytesville. All the records of the circuit 
court and recorder's office were saved except two or three books. All 
would have been burned had it not been for the heroic efforts of Judge 
Lucien Salisbury. The sheriff of the county, Mr. Robert Carman, a 
good citizen, whose loss was deeply lamented, was murdered the same day 
by the men who destroyed the court-house. 

Gen. Sterling Price was for a long time a citizen of Chariton. He was 
sent to the Legislature several times, and was also elected to Congress. He 
won the admiration and respect of all political parties by his gentlemanly 
and consistent course, and as a citizen and neighbor was loved by all. 
Maj. Daniel Ashby, one of the pioneers, is still alive, nearly 85 years 
old. He was an honest politician of the Jefferson school, fond of a good 
joke, and withal a first-class hunter. Many a panther, bear and deer has 
been " brought down " by his unerring rifle. 

Judge Lisbon Applegate, of Keytesville, born in Shelby County, Ken- 
tucky, July 27, 1803, came to Missouri in 1822, and was for a time 
Government surveyor. In 1845 ^^ ^^^^ elected a member of the Consti- 
tutional Convention, and was county judge for many years. The honest 



CHARITON COUNTY. 133 

ana genial old gentleman still lives to enjoy the hearty salutations of his 
neighbors. 

Physical Features. — The county is drained by Grand River on 
its western boundary, and by its tributaries, and sub-tributaries, Elk, 
Turkey, Yellow and Little Yellow Creeks, also by the Chariton 
River, which enters the north-east corner of the county, and flows 
in a south-westerly course until about 4 miles south of Keytes- 
ville, where it turns south-easterly to the Missouri, which lies on 
the south-western boundary. The extreme south-eastern part is drained 
by Chariton Creek and the East Fork of Chariton River. The 
county is made up of prairies, which are mostly upland, and timber 
which skirts the streams. The prairies are from 3 to 5 miles wide and 
10 to 15 miles in length. The timber, which is abundant, consists of 
the best black and white walnut, oak, ash, elm, and numerous other 
growths, including box-wood and papaw. The southern part of the 
county consists largely of very rich bottom and second bottom lands. 
The same general features mark the lands along the Grand and Chariton 
Rivers, with their branches. Further north the land is high, arable and 
productive, but not quite so rich. On the river near the west line of the 
county is Bowling Green Prairie, which is claimed to be as rich as any 
body of land in Missouri. 

The Agricultural Productions are tobacco, wheat, corn, oats, hay, 
apples, peaches and fruits of all kinds. Blue grass and prairie grass fur- 
nish pasturage, the former growing equal to the best in Kentucky, and 
fast taking the place of the latter. Stock-raising is receiving increased 
attention, and this county will, in a short time, rank high for its valuable 
improved stock. The soil is especially adapted to raising tobacco, and 
the crop of 1873 ^^ estimated at 10,000,000 pounds. There are 30,000 
acres, formerly known as swamp lands, which the county subscribed to 
the construction of the West Branch of the N. M. R. R. Large tracts 01 
land are lying idle for want of settlers, and the county to-day presents 
one of the finest fields for emigrants to be found in the West. 

Mineral Resources. — Bituminous coal, said to make excellent coke 
for foundry purposes, is abundant, but only surface veins have yet been 
opened by the farmers, except in one or two places. Underlying these 
are thicker and more valuable veins, capable of being profitably 
worked. The coal crops out on the slopes, and probably underlies the 
uplands at a depth of 200 feet or more. The vein at present worked is 
accompanied by about one foot of fire clay, adapted to the manufactory 
of pottery and fire brick, but beneath it there is a stratum of three feet in 
thickness, cropping out on Brush Creek at about high-water mark. The 
veins mentioned furnish about y^^^ feet thickness of coal, within the space 
of about 50 feet. 

The Manufacturing Interests are confined to several excellent 



134 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

flouring-mills of good, and several others of limited, capacity, and a 
number of tobacco factories. Plows and agricultural implements are man- 
ufactured on a small scale, an establishment at Keytesville doing the 
largest business, and others at Brunswick and Salisbury doing nearly as 
much. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^9, 500,000.* 

Railroads. — The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway has 24 
miles of its Omaha Branch running n. n. w. from Brunswick, and 28 
miles of its main track traversing the county from east to west. The 
Keokuk & Kansas City Railroad has 11 miles of track between Salis- 
bury and Glasgow, and several miles graded n. e. of Salisbury. 

Exports. — Tobacco is the principal one, but grain, hogs, cattle, 
sheep and horses are shipped in considerable quantities. The export of 
coal also amounts to considerable in the course of a year. 

Educational Interests. — The public schools are well organized, 
and there are good buildings in nearly every district. 

Brunswick, on the Missouri, at the mouth of the Grand River, and 
on the St. L. , K. C. & N. R. W., at its junction with the Omaha Branch, 
is an old town, well laid out, built mostly of brick, and has the advan- 
tage of both river and railroad transportation. It is the principal town 
of the county, and contains i bank, 2 hotels, 8 churches — Catholic, Epis- 
copal, Presbyterian, Lutheran, German Methodist, M. E. Ch. South, M. 
E. Ch., and colored Methodist, i first-class flouring, i custom and i saw- 
mill, 5 tobacco factories, i agricultural implement manufactory, 3 wagon 
and plow shops, i brewery, 2 lumber yards, an excellent graded school, 
and I newspaper — the Brunswicker, Naylor & Balthis editors and pub- 
lishers ; and about 50 stores. Population, about 2,000. 

Bynumville, a post-office 16 miles n, n. e. from Keytesville, is sur- 
rounded by a fine country. 

Cunningham, on the Omaha Branch R. R., 18 miles n. of Bruns- 
wick, was settled in 1870, and has i church, a few business houses and 
about 200 inhabitants. 

Dalton, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 4 miles w. of Keytesville, 
has several stores, and is a good shipping point. Population about 300. 

Forest Green, a new town on the K. & K. C. R. R., 7 miles s. of 
Salisbury, promises well. 

KEYTESVILLE, the county seat, pleasantly situated on Muscle 
Fork of Chariton River, and on the St. L. , K. C. & N. R. W., 174 
miles from St. Louis, has a beautiful and healthful location, and the finest 
water power in the county. The town, i^ miles from the railroad 
station, was settled in 1832, and named in honor of James Keytes, of 



* Assessed Taluation for 1873, $5,374,615. Taxation, 1.95 per $100. Bonded debt, $221,000 
000 for milroads). Floating debt, $«o,ooo. 



CHARITON COUNTY. 135 

England. It contains 2 hotels, i first-class flouring-mill, 2 wagon, plow 
and agricultural implement manufactories, 2 tobacco factories, i bank, 2 
churches — Methodist and Presbyterian, an excellent public school with 
three teachers and an average attendance of 140 scholars, i newspaper — 
the Herald — Thos. D. Bogie editor, a number of stores and shops, and 
one of the finest court-houses in the State, built in 1867, size 50 x no 
feet, 2 stories, finished in the best style. The county also has a jail 
costing ^13,000, built in 1870, with a residence for the jailer atttached. 
Population about 1,000. 

Keytesville Landing is an old steamboat landing, and before the 
completion of the railroad was a point of considerable importance, it 
being the landing place for Keytesville. Large quantities of tobacco and 
other produce were formerly shipped from there, and large quantities of 
goods were also received. It was the home of Sterling Price, and, there- 
fore, a place of historic interest. 

Mendon, (Salt Creek,) 10 miles n. of Brunswick, has i store. 

Muscle Fork, a post-office 12 miles n. of Keytesville. 

Porc'he's Prairie, (Triplett,) on the Omaha Branch R. R., 7 miles 
n. w. of Brunswick, has 3 stores and i tobacco factory. Population 
about x*25. 

Prairie Hill, a post-office 9 miles n. n. e. of Salisbury. 

Rothville, a post-office 17 miles n. of Brunswick. 

Salisbury, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 167 miles from St. 
Louis, and 7 miles east of Keytesville, was laid off by Judge Lucien Salis- 
bury in 1866, and has a beautiful and healthful location, surrounded by a 
rich agricultural country. It contains 2 hotels, 3 tobacco factories, i 
saw-mill, a first-class flouring-mill, 3 wagon, plow and agricultural imple- 
ment manufactories, i cooper shop, 2 lumber yards, 4 churches — Episco- 
pal, Presbyterian and 2 Baptist, an excellent public school, a public 
library of 500 volumes, the general offices of the K. & K. C. R. R., i 
newspaper — The Press, Samuel & Gallimore, editors and proprietors, and 
about 40 stores and business houses. Fine bituminous coal in abundance 
is found 2 miles east of the town. Population about 1,500. 

Salt Creek. — See Mendon. 

Shannon, on the K. & K. C. R. R., 5 miles s. of Salisbury, has 1 
store. 

Triplett. — See Porche's Prairie. 

Westville, 17 miles n. of Keytesville, in the north-east portion of 
the county, located in a fine country, is an older and much more settled 
place than its fellows on the railroads. It has 3 stores, i tobacco fac- 
tory, I steam flouring mill, other business houses, and a Masonic hall. 
Population about 125. 



CHRISTIAN COUNTY. 

In the southern part of the State, is bounded north by Green and 
Webster Counties, east by Douglas, south by Taney and Stone, and west 
by Stone and Lawrence Counties, and contains 347^520 acres. 

Population in i860, 5,491; in 1870, 6,707, of whom 6,593 were 
white, and 114 colored; 3,374 male, and Zy333 female; 6,670 native 
(3,511 born in Missouri) and 37 foreign. 

History, — In 1822 a Mr. Wells built a hut on Finley Creek, 2 miles 
from its confluence with the James River. The same year Mr. Pettijohn 
and others with their families left their homes in Ohio, traveling in a keel 
boat down the Muskingum, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, to the mouth of 
the Arkansas, thence ascending that river, the White River and James Tork 
to the present site of Delaware. During the journey most of the party 
were stricken with sickness, and at one time came near starving. 

In 1823 the Delaware Indians built a town on a portion of Mr. Petti- 
john's claim, and annoyed the settlers considerably. In 1830 the Indians 
were removed to Kansas, but continued to return every year to their old 
hunting grounds on James River. The settlers in 1836 appealed to the 
Governor to prevent this annoyance, and he sent a company of militia 
to escort the red men to their own hunting grounds, after which they 
molested the settlers no more. 

The county was organized March 8th, i860. During the Civil War, the 
battle of Wilson's Creek was fought on Mr. Sharpe's farm near the boun- 
dary of Greene County. Several cannon balls passed through the house, 
and the family fled to the cellar for safety. This was the only battle, but 
during the whole war numerous skirmishes occurred, and much property 
was destroyed. Among other lawless deeds, the county and circuit 
clerk's ofiices were rifled, and the court-house was burned, together with 
all the records and public papers. 

Physical Featur&s.— Christian County is on the southern slope of 
the Ozark Mountains. Its surface is undulating ; in some places hilly 
and broken, and in others, stretching out into prairie. The soil of the 
valleys and some of the uplands is excellent ; the county generally along 
the streams is heavily timbered with pine, walnut, ash, hickory, butter- 
nut, maple, linden, sugar-maple, hackberry, sycamore, wild cherry and 
oak of many kinds. James Fork of White River, flowing southerly, 
crosses the western part of the county. Stewart and Martin Creeks 
are in the extreme north-east, and empty into Finley Creek, which 



138 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOUKL 

runs west-south-west to James Fork. Swan Creek and its tributaries, Lost, 
Cedar, Hodges, Elkhorn and Barker Creeks, drain the south-eastern, 
while Bull and numerous small affluents are in the southern part of the 
county. Good springs abound, and Avells of excellent water can be ob- 
tained on the prairies at depths varying from 15 to 35 feet. The subsoil 
is generally dark red, largely mixed with gravel. The bottom lands 
along the streams are very productive. Between James River and Finley 
Creek is a section of very fertile land. There are several caves in the 
county. The principal one, which is a favorite resort for picnic parties, 
is 2)^ miles north-east of Ozark. Its entrance is through a rock-arch 50 
feet across and 80 feet high. About 400 feet from the entrance, the pas- 
sage is so contracted that the explorer must crawl through on his hands and 
knees. A fine stream of water, clear and cold, gurgles down through the 
cave. About 12 miles south of Ozark, near the Forsyth road, on the top of 
a very high hill is a small opening, which, about 100 feet from the surface, 
expands into a hall 30 feet wide and about 400 feet long, the sides and 
top of which are of rock lined with beautiful stalactites. There is appar- 
ently no other opening, although it is generally believed that there is an 
outlet which explorers have failed to find. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats and tobacco. 
Potatoes, hay, rye, sweet potatoes and buckwheat are raised chiefly for 
the home demand. Fruit is each year attracting greater attention. 
Tobacco grows luxuriantly and of fine quality. The excellent natural 
under-drainage and the altitude of the county above the sea-level, peculi- 
arly adapt it to the culture of all fruits of this latitude. Stock-raising 
engrosses much of the attention of the farmers. 

There is a considerable quantity of Government lands in this county 
which is subject to entry at ^1.25 per acre; some of it is good farming 
lands, but it is principally valuable for its minerals and timber. The 
Atlantic & Pacific Railroad Co. have about 32,000 acres of superior land 
in this county for sale at from $5 to $\o per acre on liberal terms.* 

Mineral Resources. — Lead mining was carried on before the war 
quite extensively, and with satisfactory results, about 12 or 18 miles east of 
Ozark. The operations were mainly surface work, only one shaft being 
sunk over 50 feet. During 1873 work was again commenced with profit- 
able yield and flattering prospects. Considerable lead has been obtained 
2)^ miles south-west of Ozark, and some near Bull Creek. Near Kenton 
there is a vein of black-jack and lead which has been somewhat developed. 
Tripoli has been discovered on Finley Creek, about 4 miles west of Ozark. 
There are, apparently, rich deposits of iron 3 to 5 -miles south-east of 
Billings. 

♦The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, ef purchase money at ftme of sale, the balance to be 
paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven ye.-irs ; and offer free transportation irom St. Louis to. 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix— Page 



CHRISTIAN COUNTY. 139 

The Manufacturing Interests are confined to a few flouring, saw 
and grist-mills and tobacco factories. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $1,800,000.* 

Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific Railroad has about 7 miles of 
track in the north-western part of the county. 

The Exports are corn, wheat, tobacco, oats, live stock, hides, lumber 
and fruit. 

Educational. — There are 42 sub-districts in the county, and a lively 
interest is manifested by the citizens in this important subject. 

Billings, on the A. & P. R. R., 261 miles from St. Louis, laid out in 
1872, has a population of about 150, and contains i hotel, i church, 6 
stores, I brick yard, etc. 

Bull's Mills, a post-office 14^ miles s. of Ozark. 

Dela^va^e To^vn, a post-office 7 miles e. of Billings, was the first 
settled place in the county. 

Elk Head, a post-office 16 miles e. of Ozark. 

Highlandville, a post-office 10 miles s. w. of Ozark. 

Kenton, (Linden,) 5 miles e. of Ozark, on the north bank of Finley 
Creek, at the foot of an abrupt hill, was laid off in 1847 by Wm, Friend, 
and contains 3 general stores, a grist-mill, school-house, blacksmith shop, 
and about" 150 inhabitants. 

Linden. — See Kenton. 

Miners ville, a post office 19 miles s. of Ozark, is located on Swan 
Creek, in a good mineral section. 

OZARK, the county seat, is situated on the south bank of Finley 
Creek, 15 miles s. of Springfield. In 1865 the court-house was burned, 
destroying all the public records. The town was much damaged during 
the war, but has recuperated rapidly, having a population of about 500, 
and containing 6 stores, i hotel, i saw and grist-mill, i tobacco factory, 
I harness and i wagon shop, and i church — Baptist. The school build- 
ings are all new, and the schools are in a flourishing condition. The 
Monitor, published by John A. Richardson, is the only paper in the county. 

*JAssessed valuation in 1873, ^1,068,962. Bonded debt, ^17,750. 



CLARK COUNTY, 

In the north-east corner of the State, is bounded north by Iowa, north- 
east by the Des Moines River— which separates it from Iowa, east by the 
Mississippi River— which separates it from Illinois, south by Lewis County, 
and west by Knox and Scotland Counties, and contains 322,000 acres. 

Population in 1840, 2,846; in 1850, 5,527; in i860, 11,684; in 

1870, 13,667, ofwhomi3,372 were white, and 295 colored; 7,050 male, 

and 6,617 female; 12,851 native (5,734 born in Missouri) and 816 foreign. 

History— m September, 1829, Jacob Weaver, from Kentucky, and 

Sackebt, settled on the Des Moines River near the present site of 

St. Francisville, and Wm. Clark, in 1830, built a cabin below the present 
town of Athens. Jeremiah Wayland, Geo. Heywood and Sam'l Bartlett, 
all from the same neighborhood in Kentucky, followed in November. 
There was no road above Tully, but they pushed their way through the 
brush and the high grass to the present site of St. Francisville, where 
" Uncle Jerry Wayland" built the first cabin. In this he lived until the 
great flood of 1832, when it was swept away. He then built on the 
second bottom, now in St. Francisville, where he still resides. Messrs. 
Bartlett and Heywood built lower down on the bluff, about i mile from 
the river. Giles Sullivan, the next spring, settled 2 miles above Mr. 
Wayland. The first children born were Geo. Wayland, Elizabeth Bartlett 
and Martha Heywood. The first death that occurred among this little 
band in the wilderness was that of Mrs. Sullivan, in 1831, and ''Uncle 
Jerry" broke up his wagon to make the coffin. In 1830, Dr. Tribue 
settled just below Honey Creek, and afterward built a horse-mill. About 
the same time Mr. Wormington settled on the north side of Sugar Creek, 
and Henry Floyd on the bluffs, about 2 miles north of the present site 

of Waterloo. 

Wm. Bartlett, or "Uncle Billy," as he is familiarly called by half the 
county, plowed the first corn-field, which was on Mr. Sackett's land, 
while the proprietor lay in his cabin shaking with ague. These last 
named immigrants landed at Keokuk (the brush and mosquitoes at the 
mouth of the Des Moines preventing any boat from touching there) and 
making their way as best they could to the present site of St. Francisville, 
were "poled up" the Des Moines by "Uncle Jerry," Sam'l Bartlett and 
Peter Gillis in a pirogue. 

The winter of 1830-31 is still remembered by these pioneers for the 
depth of its snows ; it was impossible for them to reach the nearest mill 
at Palmyra, 60 miles distant, and the Indians encamped in the bottoms 



142 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

of the Des Moines lost nearly all of their horses. In 1831, Col. Ruther- 
ford, of Tennessee, and Richard Riley and Dabney Phillips, of Kentucky, 
arrived, bringing with them a few negroes; the former settled on the 
bluff, 2 miles east of Waterloo, and the two latter near the Des Moines. 
"Aunt Cally," who was brought by Mr. Sam'l Bartlett, was the first 
colored woman in the county. She is still living, and boasts of having 
nursed about one-half of the present inhabitants. 

Gen. Harrison, a trapper and interpreter, seems to have settled in 1831 
near the present site of Sweet Home. The first marriage in the settle- 
ment was that of Wm. Clark, of Illinois, who arrived about 1830, and 
Widow Elizabeth Payne. The ceremony was performed at Uncle Jerry's 
cabin, by one who, in the course of a few months, proved to be a bogus 
minister. Accordingly another big dinner was given, and Squire Robt. 
Sinclair was brought from Tully to perfor.m the ceremony "cordin' to 
law." Mr. Clark charged the Squire to hold himself ready to come 
again "in case the old woman got skeery." 

In 1832, J. Weaver built the first mill on Fox Creek, 3 miles below the 
present site of Waterloo, afterward known as Moore's Mill. The great 
flood of the same year, and the rumor of trouble with the Sacs and Foxes, 
checked immigration, and only Wm. D. Henshaw, of Virginia, and 
Messrs. Butts, Rebo and Ripper, of Kentucky, were brave enough to 
cast their fortunes with the young settlement. Uncle Jerry Wayland had 
aflways preserved friendly relations with the Indians who hunted about 
the Des Moines. Among them were Keokuk and his brother, Mack-a-ce- 
ne-ne, who warned him that it was not safe for the settlers to remain — 
that an outbreak was liable to occur at any moment. Mack-a-ce-ne-ne 
had often been lodged and fed at Uncle Jerry's Cabin, and a singular 
friendship existed between them. The Indian, after consenting to join 
Black Hawk, called upon his white friend, and said he felt convinced they 
would never meet again. Even the stoicism of his race gave way, and he 
said " good-bye " with the profoundest emotion. He was killed in the last 
skirmish of the Black Hawk War. After these warnings the settlers sent 
the women and children to Tully, they taking care of their crops with their 
guns beside them, and camping at night in Sam'l Bartlett's cabin, which 
was converted into a block-house. Eventually a company from Pike, 
Capt. Mace in command, reached them, and soon Fort Pike, at the 
present site of St. Francisville, was built for the better protection of the 
settlers. The troops remained 3 months, John Montgomery, afterward 
a resident of Clark, acting as Colonel, and Geo. K. Biggs, our present 
State Representative, being in the ranks. 

After Black Hawk's defeat and during his journey to, and his imprison- 
ment at Washington, his squaw and little son were constant visitors at 
Uncle Jerry's cabin, aiding him in his daily work, digging potatoes, 
hoeing corn, etc. The Indian woman, notwithstanding Uncle Jerry's 



CLARK COUNTY. 143 

assurances that Black Hawk would return in safety, was full of anxiety for 
her absent husband, and when her chief presented himself arrayed in a 
full suit of citizen's clothes, her delight and amazement knew no bounds. 

During the Indian troubles a few left the settlement, but in 1833, Geo. 
and Isaac Grey, Beadle Benning, and Harlin Rawling, settled at the 
present site of Athens, and Peter and David Hay settled where the first 
pioneers crossed Fox Creek; W. Johnson and Col. Charles O. Sandford, 
near the present site of Waterloo, at which place the latter built a mill. 

In 1833, John Stake opened a store in St. Francisville, his stock con- 
sisting of powder, shot, pipes, tobacco and whisky. In 1834, there was 
<juite a large immigration, among them John Hill from Kentucky, com- 
monly called "Old Cottonwood," — he having built the first house from 
■Cottonwood timber. L. B. Mitchell, who came in 1835, ^P^i^ his logs for 
building his cabin and was in consequence known as "Old Split-log." 
Robt. and Michael Mitchell, Fielding Wayland and John Callaway, all 
settled along the bluff. 

Keokjuk's band of Indians were generally very friendly with the whites; 
their dogs, however, were a great nuisance, as they killed the hogs of the 
settlers, and sometimes the "braves" were guilty of petty thefts. On 
one such occasion. Col. Rutherford administered to a distinguished 
warrior, a good flogging with a stout hickory stick. Keokuk and the 
whole band resented it, but on their way to demand satisfaction met 
Uncle Jerry, who persuaded them to wait a day or two and he would go 
with them, to which they consented. It was arranged by Uncle Jerry 
and Col. Rutherford, that Keokuk and a half dozen of his braves sheuld be 
invited to a "talk," and a good dinner and preparations were made 
.accordingly. Imagine their surprise when Keokuk zxiA forty of his band 
arrived to dine. The whites were apparently, however, not disconcerted, 
and welcomed them all. Such a dinner as was prepared was never seen 
before in the settlement — venison, turkey and chicken in great abundance, 
and Col. Rutherford led off" in a complimentary speech (through Battise, 
the interpreter), in which he explained that the whites depended on their 
hogs for food, "not being able to hunt like the brave men of the forest." 
Keokuk then harangued his band for an hour when all were reconciled 
and the pipe of peace was smoked. After that the dogs hunted with their 
mouths muzzled with linn-tree bark. 

The first church (Baptist) was organized May 7th, 1835, and the house 
was built soon after on the trail of the first settlers at the fording of Fox 
River. The first brick house in the county was built at Waterloo by 
Mr. Pleasant Moore in 1837. 

Mr. P. S. Stanley, a resident of Clark County since Dec. 2nd, 1834, 
thus describes his journey westward: "I left 'The Hub' Oct. 8th, 
1834, for the 'far West.' Coasting around to New York, up the North 
River to Albany, to Buffalo by canal, thence to and from Detroit by lake, 



144 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

down to the Maumee Rivfer. I concluded, as every one was shaking, that 
it was no place for a healthy man, and went to Cleveland and there 
embarked on the * raging canawl ' for the Ohio River, down that to Cairo, 
and up the Mississippi to St. Louis. From St. Louis I started on the 
swift and elegant steamer 'Wisconsin,' which landed me at Quincy in 5 
days and 4 nights, nearly two months from Boston to Quincy. I reached 
the Des Moines River about Dec. 8th, where I stuck my first stake and 
'settled.' Have been a resident of Clark ever since." 

The county was organized under the territorial laws, in 181 8, and 
named in honor of Gov. Wm. Clarke; it was re-organized Dec. i6th, 
1836. After this, immigration was rapid. Thos. Hanan built the most 
western cabin in the county near Luray, and was soon followed by Joseph 
Wilson, John Smith, Geo. Combs, S. Q. Stark, Ruell Murphy, Wm. 
Northcraft, John Price and Wm. Daggs. Mr. Hanan was known as 
"Panther Hanan," from bagging two of these animals in one day's hunt. 
John Lapsley and Capt. Joseph McCoy settled about this time in the 
northern part of the county, and D. and M. Webber settled on the Little 
Wyaconda. 

The first court was held in 1837, composed of John Taylor, Thaddeus 
Williams and R. A. McKee. David Hay was foreman of the first grand 
jury. 

War was declared by the first court against Iowa, and Sandy Gregory, 
the first sheriff, was, while in the discharge of his duty, captured and 
imprisoned by the Iowa authorities. 

A few of the early settlers of Clark still live, among them Geo. Hey- 
wood, now 84 ; Mr. Jerry Wayland and wife, Mr. Wm. Bartlett, Gen. 
Harrison, Geo. Grey, P. S .Stanley and Wm. Henshaw. They remain as 
representatives of the class who settled this section ; enterprising, intelli- 
gent. Christian men, who have left to their descendants not only the 
fertile fields they won from the wilderness, but the rich remembrance of 
their bravery and fortitude. 

Physical Features.: — Two-thirds of the county is undulating prairie, 
broken and hilly near the creek and river bottoms, while the streams 
are skirted with a heavy growth of oak, black walnut, butternut, hick- 
ory, sycamore, ash, elm and honey locust. The uplands have a very 
fine growth of white oak. The greater portion of the soil is a rich, 
friable loam, resting on a clay subsoil ; almost every part of it is tillable, 
and the bottoms are exceedingly rich. 12,000 acres of rich bottom lands, 
lying between the Des Moines and Fox Rivers, are now protected by a 
levee costing about $4 per acre. Another rich body of overflowed land 
lies below Fox River, and levees are in process of construction which will 
redeem it for cultivation. These reclaimed lands are the richest in the 
county. Clark is watered by the Des Moines on the north-eastern boun- 
dary. Little Fox and its chief tributary. Stinking Creek, the Wyaconda, 



CLARK COUNTY, 



145 



Little Wyaconda, Honey and numerous smaller streams, while the Mis- 
sissippi is on the eastern boundary. The Des Moines furnishes excel- 
lent water power. 

Agricultural Productions. — The staples are corn, oats, timothy, 
wheat and rye. Blue grass, clover and timothy are the pasture grasses ; the 
first is taking a strong hold in every part where not tilled. Great atten- 
tion is paid to raising cattle, hogs, sheep and wool. Cattle are sold to 
Illinois feeders, or fattened, and sold in Chicago and other places. Hogs 
are packed in this county extensively. Since the late war, people have 
planted largely of apples, pears, cherries, grapes, and small fruits generally, 
which are succeeding well. Tobacco, barley, broom-corn, sorghum, 
potatoes, beans and buckwheat are grown to a considerable extent, but 
are not staple crops. 

Mineral Resources. — Coal of good quality has been mined for 20 
years near Athens, and indications of iron and galena have been found. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of 4 flouring and saw- 
mills, I woolen factory at Athens, several wagon, buggy, plow and fur- 
niture manufactories at Kahoka, Alexandria, Athens, Luray, Fairmount 
and other places. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $3,957,601.* 

Railroads. — The Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska Railroad passes from 
east to west across, and has 28 miles of track in the county. The Mis- 
sissippi Valley & Western Railroad has 10 miles of track along the 
western bank of the Mississippi, giving the county a southern and eastern 
connection. 

The Exports are wheat, corn, oats, rye, barley, hay, horses, mules, 
hogs, sheep and cattle. 

The Educational Interests are m good condition, and receiving 
increased attention. Public schools are established in nearly all the sub- 
districts, and the average session is about 4 months. There is one col- 
lege, located at Alexandria, and several private schools of a high grade. 

Acasto, a post-office 13 miles n. w. of Kahoka. 

Alexandria, on the Mississippi between the Des Moines and Fox 
Rivers, 204 miles above St. Louis, and at the junction of the M. I. & N. 
with the M. V. & W. R. R., 5 miles from Keokuk, 35 miles from West 
Quincy, and 15 miles from Kahoka, was first settled in the winter of 1834-5, 
by the ferryman building a cabin. The first permanent settler was Col. 
John Dedman. It is the leading town in the county, has a good landing 
and is surrounded by an excellent country. The richest bottom lands in 
north-eastern Missouri are those between the Fox and Des Moines Rivers, 
11,000 acres of which have been reclaimed from the low and malarious 



•Assessed valuation in 1873, ^3,829,810. Taxation, ^i.ss'per Jioo. Bonded debt of the county, 
^355,oc)o. Floating Jebt, ^10,000. 



146 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

swamp they once were, and made the garden spot of the county. This 
was done by a levee costing about $45,000. 

Alexandria is a large pork-packing point. Commencing in 1846—7, 
with about 3,000 hogs a year, it gradually grew to 45,000, its culminating 
point. Since then, summer packing has been adopted, entirely changing 
the hog season, but not lessening the product. It contains several 
churches, good school buildings and fine residences, several lumber 
yards, saw-mills, wagon-makers, 2 hotels, and the stores and business 
houses usual to a town of its size. Population, about 1,000. 

Anson, a post-office 10 miles n. w. of Kahoka. 

Ashton, a p. o. on the M. I. & N. R. R., 20 miles west of Alexandria. 

Athens, on theDes Moines, 11 miles north of Kahoka, was laid out 
in 1844, 3.nd is noted for its fine water power. It has i woolen mill, 
I flouring and i grist-mill, i wagon shop, 5 stores, i good graded school, 
I Methodist church. The Confederate troops, under Col. Martin E. 
Green, were defeated by Col. Moore and his undisciplined militia at this 
place, August 5th, 1861. 

Chambersburg, a post-office 8 miles n. w. of Kahoka. 

Clark City, on the M. I. & N. R. R., 13 miles w. of Alexandria, 
was chiefly laid off" by Aaron Becktol and Bryant Bartlett, It is pleas- 
antly situated, and surrounded by a delightful country. The people of 
this town are aiming to make it an educational center, and an excellent 
academy controlled by the Presbyterians, is located here. The people 
are intelligent and enterprising, and it is a thriving place, containing 2 
churches — Presbyterian and Methodist, and i store. Pop. about 150. 

Clay, a post-office 8 miles s. e. of Kahoka, and 3 miles from Wayland. 

Des Moines City. — See Gregory's Landing. 

Eldorado, (Luray,) on the M. I. & N. R. R. 24 miles w. of Alexan- 
dria, was laid off" by Geo. Combs and R. Q. Stark in 1837. It has 3 
stores, 2 churches — Baptist and Methodist, and i public school. 

Fairmount, a post-office 12 miles s. w. of Kahoka. 

Gregory's Landing, (Des Moines City,) on the M. V. & W. R. R., 
6 miles south of Alexandria, has i store. Population, about 150. 

KAHOKA, the county seat, on the M. I. & N. R. R., 15 miles w. 
of Alexandria, is located near the center of the county, and surrounded 
by a fine farming country. It was laid off" in 1851 by W. W. Johnson, 
Moses Clawson and Miller C. Duer, and has i high school, 4 churches — 
Presbyterian, Congregational, German Lutheran and Cumberland Pres- 
byterian, I cooper shop, i grain warehouse, 13 stores and i bank. Popu- 
lation, about 650. It has one newspaper, the Commercial. 

Luray. — See Eldorado. 

Peaks ville, 7 miles n. of Kahoka, has 3 stores. 

Riverside, a station on the M. V. &W. R. R., 3 miles s. of Alexandria. 



CLARK COUNTY. i47 

St Francisville, on the Des Moines River, 9 miles n. e. of Kahoka, 
and 2* miles from Vincennes, a station in Iowa on the Des Moines Valley 
R R and 4 miles from Wayland, was laid offin 1833 by Francis Church, 

and was one of the first settled towns in the county. It contams 2 
churches— Presbyterian and Baptist, i public and i private school, i dis- 
tillery, i wagon shop and 3 stores. Population, about 400. 

St. Mary's, 12 miles s. of Kahoka, has i Catholic church. 

Waterloo, the former county seat, 4 miles n. e. of Kahoka, was laid 
out in 1837, but has lost much of its business since the removal of the 
county seat. Population, about 75. 

Winchester, 9 miles s. e. of Kahoka, was laid out in 1837, and has 
I flouring-mill and 3 stores. Population, about 250. 




Fhotograpbed by J. T. Hicks. 

COURT HOUSE, LIBERTY, CLAY COUNTY. 



CLAY COUNTY, 

In the north-western part of the State, opposite the confluence of the 
Kansas with the Missouri River, is bounded north by Chnton County, 
east by Ray, south by the Missouri River-which separates it from Jack 
son and west by Platte, and contains 254,423 acres. 

Population in 1830, 5,338; in 1840, 8,282 ; in 1850,10,332; m 
i860, 13,023; and in *i87o, 15,564; of the latter number, 13,718 were 
white, and 1,846 colored; 8,079 male, and 7,485 female; i4,957 native 
rQ,6o2 born in Missouri) and 607 foreign. 

History .-Clay was organized January 2nd, 1822, out of territory 
then embraced in Ray County. It originally comprised its present area 
and the territory now known as the counties of Clinton, DeKalb, Gentry 
and the larger portion of Worth. It was reduced to its present limits 
January 2nd, 1833- It is almost certain that the first white settlement ,^ 
was made about the year 1800 by a few French families at Randolph 
Bluff, ^n the Missouri River, three miles n. e. from Kansas City, ihey 
were trappers, acting, probably, under the direction of Pierre Chou- 
teau Sr of St. Louis, but left scarcely a vestige of their occupancy. 
The'county was visited in 1808 by the late Maj. John Dougherty, of this 
county, on his way to the Rocky Mountains in the employ of the Fur 
Company. In 1819, John Owens, Sam'l McGee, Benj. Hensley Wm. 
Campbell, Thos. Campbell, John Wilson, Zachariah Everett and John 
Braley, came to this county and, so far as can now be ascertained, they 
were the first permanent settlers. There were others who came the same 
year, but their names are now buried in oblivion. In 1820, Samuel 
Telford, John Thornton, Andrew Robertson, Sr., Andrew Robertson, Jr., 
Shubael' Allen, Robert Murray, John and Andrew Bartleson, John Dean, 
Henry, Thomas and Peter Estes, James and Samuel Hyatt, Richard Hill, 
William Munkres, James and Robert Gilmore, Ennis Vaughan, Andrew 
Russell, Travis Finley, Eppe Tillery, Martin Palmer, Henry Mailes, Squire 
Hutchison, Solomon Fry, Edmund Munday, Wm. Lainhart, Wm. L. 
Smith, Humphrey Best, Eldridge Potter, Thomas Hixon, Joseph Grooms, 
Edward Pyburne, Hugh and Joseph Brown, and many others settled in 
the territory now embraced in Clay County. The tide of immigration 
now increased, and between 1820 and 1828 there settled here, among a 
great many others (whose names cannot now be easily ascertained) David 

• *Competent authorities assert that the census of 1870 was inaccurately taken, and claim a population 
of at least 18,000, as the registered vote of the county is now (1874) 3.590, and there has been no matenal 
increase in the population of the county since 1870. 



ISO CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 

M. Bivens, Abraham Lincoln, Stephen Baxter, Geo. Wallis, John Baxter, 
Benjamin W. and Alfred M. Riley, John Smith, Clem. Neeley, Samue^ 
Ringo, Abram Croysdale, Geo. Lincoln, Joseph Courtney, James Marsh, 
Philip A. Hardwick, Winfrey E. Price, Alexander Hardwick, Abraham. 
and Jacob W. Creek, William Strange, John Lakey, John Lincoln, John 
R. Peters, Rice B. Davenport, Hiram Fugitt, John and Joseph Broadhurst, 
Reuben and John Long, Benjamin and John Gragg, Elisha and Joseph 
Todd, Simon Hudson, Uriel Cave, Robert Clark, Daniel Hughes, Alex. 
B. Duncan, James T. V. Thompson, Martin Fisher, Henry Hill, William 
and Joseph Thorp, Samuel Tillery, Bartley Estes, John Edwards, James 
Roberts, Michael Arthur, Wm. Collins, Henry Pence, Andrew Means, 
Garrett Arnold, Peter Holtzclaw, James C. Garner, Elisha Cameron, 
Archibald and Gilbert Mcllvaine. These men were mostly from Mary- 
land, Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee, and were 
mainly of the true pioneer type. The immigrants to this county, since 
those years, have, with comparatively few exceptions, been from the same 
states. They were fine, honest, manly citizens, possessing all of the 
virtues, and few, if any, of the vices of frontiersmen, and were hospita- 
ble to a fault. The few of them yet surviving look back to the early 
settlement of the county as to a golden age. 

The history of Clay County is one of peace. Her borders have known 
but little of real war. At the outset, there was some slight trouble with 
the Indians, and in 1820 four block-houses were erected for the protec- 
tion of the settlers. One of these was situated on the " Thornton Farm," 
five miles south-west from Liberty, another i^ miles south-east from 
Liberty, and the remaining two in the south-eastern part of the county on 
the waters of Fishing River. In a skirmish in 1820, in the south-eastern 
part of the county, seven Indians were killed; another about the same 
time had his hand cut off with an axe in attempting to burst open the 
door of David McElwee's house. Quiet, however, was soon restored, 
and the block-houses became useless. 

In 1832 occurred the. "Black Hawk" war. Several companies of 
militia were ordered out in this county. They were absent 4 weeks or 
more, but were in no action. Their march was northward to the Iowa 
line, (which was not crossed) and thence easterly into the Grand River 
country. The object of the expedition was to prevent incursions of 
Black Hawk's men into this State, as well as to overawe and keep quiet 
the Indians then inhabiting what is known as the " Platte Purchase," and 
Others to the north of the latter. In 1836, occurred the Indian excite- 
ment called the "Heatherly" war. It commenced in June or July of 
that year, and terminated in 18 days for the troops from Clay. In that 
portion of what was then Carroll County, now embraced in the limits of 
Grundy and Mercer, there lived a few settlers, and they generally rough 
pioneers, of whom the roughest was a family named Heatherly. This 



CLAY COUNTY 



151 



family consisted of the father, his wife, three or four sons, as many daugh- 
ters, and several sons-in-law. Its members were of various colors — some 
dingy, and some showing pretty pure Caucasian blood. The old man's 
wife was the moving spirit of the whole family, and was shrewd, wicked 
and revengeful — in fact, a perfect Hecate. The family belonged neither 
to civilization nor to savagery. In June of the year 1836, a part of the 
Iowa tribe of Indians then living near where the city of St. Joseph now 
stands, made a friendly hunting excursion along the line between Iowa 
and Missouri, as far east as to be north of where the Heatherly family 
lived. The members of this family, availing themselves of the alarm 
that usually proceeded from incursions of even friendly Indians into or 
near sparsely settled, unprotected districts, raised a false alarm as to the 
vicinity and warlike purposes of these lowas, and during the excitement 
they murdered Dunbar and another man with whom they had some diffi- 
culty, and then fled into the settlements nearer the Missouri River, rais- 
ing the hue and cry that the lowas were killing, robbing, and scalping in 
the Heatherly settlement, and that they were fleeing for life. Brig. Gen. 
Thompson (then of Ray) ordered out for service, among others, two 
companies of militia from Clay. The companies from Clay were in com- 
mand, respectively, of Capt. David R. Atchison and Smith Crawford, 
and the battalion was under the personal command of Col. Shubael Allen. 
Capt. Atchison's company was the well-remembered (in Clay) ** Liberty 
Blues." He was subsequently U. S. Senator from Missouri. The batta- 
lion, after leaving the county, marched north along the old west boun- 
dary line of the State to the Iowa line, and thence east to the scene of the 
alleged difficulty. The falsity of the alarm was at once seen, and the 
troops from Clay returned home. Either from facts ascertained by Gen. 
Thompson at the time, or soon after, the whole Heatherly gang were 
arrested, indicted and tried in Carroll County for murder, and some of 
them were sent to the penitentiary. 

After the expulsion of the Mormons from Jackson County, and their 
settlement at Far West, in 1838, the county was again thrown into a war 
fever by the apparently belligerent attitude of the Mormons, and the 
militia of the county was ordered out against them. But in consequence 
of the prudent management of the State authorities, aided by a more 
pacific spirit among the Mormons, no conflict occurred. 

In 1846, requisition was made on the county for one company to serve 
against the Mexicans. It responded with enthusiasm, and in May of 
that year a company, consisting of 114 men rank and file, commanded 
by Capt Oliver P. Moss, left the county. It formed a part of Doni- 
phan's regiment, so famous for its march to Santa Fe, Chihuahua, Mon- 
terey and the Gulf. The county is justly proud of the laurels won by 
her sons under Kearney and Doniphan. In 1847, the State furnished a 
battalion of 500 men for service against the Mexicans, commanded by 



152 CAMPBELjUS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Maj. Wm. Gilpin, of which Henry L. Routt, of Clay County, was 
adjutant. 

During the late Civil War, Clay County furnishea volunteers to both 
the Union and Confederate armies, and wherever her sons served they 
always did their duty. As may be supposed from the sources whence 
the county's population was derived, it sent forth a much larger number 
to the Confederate than to the Federal army. During the conflict there 
was but one battle (deserving the name,) in the county, that of Blue Mills, 
fought September 17th, 1861, in the Missouri Bottom, 5 miles south-east 
from Liberty, between about 700 Federal troops (consisting of part of an 
Iowa regiment and some companies of Missouri Home Guards,) and prob- 
ably the same number of Confederate troops, from north-west Missouri, 
who were on their way to Price's army. The Confederates were attacked 
while in ambush, and their loss was 14 killed or wounded, while the Fed- 
erals, being the assailants, had 20 killed and 50 or 60 wounded. The 
effect of the action was to check the Federal advance, and to allow the 
Confederates to cross the Missouri River and effect a junction with Price. 
A few skirmishes occurred in the county during the Civil War. In July, 
1864, the county was occupied a few days by Col. Jas. H. Ford, with a 
Colorado, and Col. C. R. Jennison, with a Kansas, regiment, and during 
which occupancy the people lost a large amount of stock ; but, all in all, 
the county escaped the ravages of civil war exceedingly well. Clay 
County has been the home of many men of eminence, among whom may 
be noted the following : 

Col. Alex. W. Doniphan was born in Mason County, Kentucky, 
July 9th, 1808. Having completed his education, he came to Missouri 
in 1830, and finally, in 1833, settled in Clay County, which was his home 
for the succeeding 30 years, during which time he achieved his forensic 
and military reputation. During the Mormon difficulties, in 1838, he 
was in command of a brigade of the State militia. In 1846, he was 
elected colonel of the ist regiment, Missouri Mounted Volunteers, for 
service against the Mexicans, and commanded at the battles of Bracito 
and Sacramento. The march of this regiment is known as " Doniphan's 
Expedition." He was elected to the State Legislature in 1836, 1840, 
and 1854, and to the Constitutional Convention in 1861, everywhere 
serving with distinction. He was also a member from Missouri of the 
"Peace Conference" which assembled at Washington in the beginning 
of 1 86 1. He is known as one of the foremost advocates in the West — 
especially in criminal causes. Col. Doniphan was most royally endowed 
by nature. His powers of analysis are of the highest. In intellectual 
qualities — in humor, wit, perception — in fact, in genius, — no man of 
the day surpasses him ; and if he has not attained the highest walks of 
ambition, it has been because of his constitutional modesty and a lack of 
confidence in his own power. 



CLAY COUNTY. 153 

Gen. David R. Atchison was born in Fayette County, Kentucky, 
August nth, 1807, He settled in Clay County about the year 1830, and 
began the practice of the law. He represented the county one term in 
the Legislature, and continued to reside in the county until 1841, when he 
was elected judge of the circuit of which Platte County formed a part. 
From 1843 until 1855 he was a member of the U. S. Senate. He has not, 
properly speaking, been in public life since his retirement from the Sen- 
ate. Gen. Atchison has always been noted for strong, practical sense, 
adherence to principles and friends, and devotion to justice. His 
name is the synonym of integrity, and of social and manly virtue. 

Col. James H. Moss was born in Boone County, Missouri, July 24th, 
1824, and there died, September 13th, 1873. ■'^^ 1845 ^^ settled in Clay 
County, (and began the practice of the law,) making it his home until 
May, 1864. In May, 1846, he volunteered for service in the Mexican 
War, and was chosen second lieutenant in his brother's (Oliver P. Moss') 
company of Clay County volunteers, which formed a part of the ist reg- 
iment, Missouri Mounted Volunteers, commanded by Colonel Doniphan. 
In 1852 he was elected to the Legislature from Clay County, and in 1861 
to the State Convention, from the senatorial district of which Clay 
County formed a part. His record was honorable in both bodies. In 
1862 he was elected colonel of the 48th, and, in 1863, of the 82d regi- 
ment, of Enrolled Missouri Militia. He was a man of genial dis- 
position, sparkling wit, and one of the most distinguished lawyers in 
north-western Missouri. 

Joseph M. Wood, M. D. — This distinguished physician and surgeon 
was born in Mercer County, Kentucky, March 27th, 1810. Having com- 
pleted his medical education in 1832, he left Kentucky, and settled 
that year in Clay County, Missouri, making it his home, with the excep- 
tion of a few months, until 1857, when he removed to Kansas City, 
having achieved his professional reputation, however, in Clay County. 
Dr. Wood has, since his settlement in Missouri, always been in the front 
rank of his profession. The operation of lithotomy is one of his special- 
ties. In this he has probably had as extensive and successful an experience 
as any one living. He is a broad-minded man of general culture, genial 
disposition, and a leader in society. 

Hon. James M. Hughes was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, 
in April, 1809. He received a liberal education, and studied law, which 
he practiced a short time. He settled in Clay County in 1829, and 
engaged in mercantile pursuits. He resided in Clay County until about 
the year 1850, when he removed to St. Louis, where he resided until his 
death, in 186 1. In 1838 he was elected to the Legislature from Clay 
County, and in 1842 to Congress, from the district of which Clay formed 
a part. In both positions he bore himself with ability, and commanded 
respect. He was for many years president of the bank of the State of 



154 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS QUEL 

Missouri. His capacity as a financier was admitted. He was largely the 
author of the banking system adopted by the State in 1857. Mr. Hughes 
was a man of great kindness of heart and suavity of manner. 

Edward M. Samuel, Esq., was born in Henry County, Kentucky, 
October 12th, 1807, and removed with his father to Missouri about the 
year 1815. He settled in Liberty in 1829, and there lived until January, 
1865, when he removed to St. Louis, and there died in Sept. 1869. Mr. 
Samuel was actively engaged in mercantile pursuits for more than 25 
years of his residence in Clay County, and was one of the leading busi- 
men of north-west Missouri. At the tin)e of his death he was president 
of the Commercial Bank, in St. Louis. He was a man of delicate phys- 
ical frame, but of great mental activity. In one form or another, 
although never a member of the Legislature, he exercised as much influ- 
ence in shaping the practical legislation of the State as any man in North- 
western Missouri. He was a far-seeing, sagacious man. The State is as 
much indebted to him as to any man for the idea of a connecting line of 
railway between Kansas City and Galveston. He was a thoroughly public- 
spirited citizen, a useful man in all positions of life, a financier of high 
order, a social, agreeable gentleman, and one who was steadily willing to 
aid his friends. 

Hon. James T. V. Thompson was born in Lincoln Co., N. C, July 
27th, 1793, ^^'^ ^'\ih. his father emigrated to Kentucky in 1798. In 1826 
he came to Missouri and settled in Clay Co., and resided there until his 
death in 1871. He was a prominent Derhocratic politician. He served 
several terms in the Missouri Senate, and was a justice of the Clay County 
court. He was in many respects a useful man in his community. He was 
unlettered — only knew how to read and write — but nature had been lavish 
in her favors to him. Few men were gifted with a more powerful intellect 
or a keener perception. At a glance he grasped any situation. His wit 
was sharp, and his sarcasm biting. He was to be dreaded under all cir- 
cumstances of opposition. His brevity of expression was proverbial. 
By innuendo he could convey thought with as much certainty and clearness 
as could most men by their utmost endeavors at directness. A dis- 
tinguished cotemporary of his, yet living, declared that there never was 
but one Thompson, and that the subject of this sketch was the first and 
last one. 

Col. Shubael Allen was born near Goshen in Orange Co. , N. Y. , in 
1793, and was educated for a civil engineer. In 1816 he emigrated to the 
State of Kentucky, and there in 181 7, at frankfort, planned and con- 
structed the first bridge built across the Kentucky River. It was of wood, 
with one span, and in its day was considered a work which required more 
than ordinary engineering skill. In 181 7, he came to Missouri, settling in 
Clay County in 1820, where he died January i8th, 1841. Col. Allen 
filled several offices of trust and honor in the county. In the Black 



CZAV COUNTY. ^55 

Hawk and Heatherly Wars he was in command of the forces of the 
county He was a man of great decision of character, a born leader, 
who arrived quickly, as if by intuition, at his conclusions, and rarely 
departed from a determination once made. He was a thorough-paced 
man of business. Being of accurate judgment and severe taste, he rarely 
erred in his estimate of men or things. He was not a politician m any 
sense though he exercised a great influence in his county, and was the first 
Clay-and-Webster Whig in north-western Missouri. He was a popular 
gentleman of the ''old school," dignified and courtly. 

Mai John Dougherty was born in Nelson Co., Ky., April 12th, 1791, 
and died in Clay Co., Mo., December 28th, i860: When a youth of 17 
vears he went to St. Louis with a view to adventure in the Rocky 
Mountains, and at once entered the service of the American Fur Company, 
under the auspices of Sarpy, Chouteau,"Picot and others of St. Louis In 
1808 he went to the mountains, where he remained for seven years before 
returning to civilization. During this period he spent one winter on the 
Columbia River, returning home by way of Salt Lake and the Big Platte. 
In 1820, he was appointed an Indian agent, and continued to act m that 
capacity until 1840. His Indian name was " Controller of Fire Water. 
Mai Dougherty spoke French and seven of the leading Indian dialects of 
the north-west territory with perfect fluency. He was a man of very great 
influence among all the tribes of Indians from the Missouri to the 
Columbia, and assisted in making many treaties with them. In 1836, he 
made Clay County his home, where he resided during the residue of his 
life In 1840, he was elected to the State Legislature, and served one 
term with distinction. Maj. Dougherty was a magnificent specimen of 
the frontiersman and Indian-fighter, as well as of the old-fashioned 

Missouri gentleman. , . a, 

Hon Peter H. Burnett.— This gentleman was born in iennessee 
about the year 1806 or 1807, and, removing to Missouri, settled in Clay 
County in 1833. He engaged in merchandising for some years but in 
the meantime prepared himself for the practice of the law, into which he 
entered and was soon after appointed attorney of the circuit of 
which Clay formed a part. About 1844, he removed to Oregon, where 
he was immediately appointed U. S. district judge. On the discovery of 
gold in California, he removed thither, and was chosen provisional govec- 
nor, and upon organization of the State government, he was elected one 
of the justices of the Supreme Court. In all official positions he bore him- 
self with ability and integrity. He has been for a number of year, out of 
political life. He is an author of no mean distinction. Some years 
since he published a work entitled "The Path that led a Protestant lawyer 
into the Catholic Church," which is highly esteemed by his co-religionists. 
He was noted for the sweetness of his temperament, the urbanity of his 
manners, and was a great favorite with the people. 



156 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Capt. Thomas McCarty was born in Harrison County, Ky., July 
24th, 1822. In 1 841, he became a citizen of Clay County, Mo., where he 
resided until his death, August 6th, 1873. He was a private in Capt. O. 
P. Moss' Company, ist Regiment M. M. Volunteers in the Mexican War. 
In 1853, he was elected clerk of the county court, and served six years, 
when he began the practice of the law, in which he acquired the reputa- 
tion of being a safe, reliable counselor. In 1861, he raised a company 
in the county for service in the Confederate army, and was severely 
wounded at the battle of Springfield, August loth, 1861. At the conclusion 
of the war, he resumed the practice of his profession in Clay County, 
and in 1872, he was elected to the Missouri Senate from the 3d senato- 
rial district. Capt. McCarty was a man of very vigorous, practical com- 
mon sense, great decision of character, and remarkable nerve, tenacity, 
and will-power. 

Col. John Thornton was born in Lancaster County, Penn., December 
24th, 1 786. In early childhood, he emigrated to Kentucky, and thence 
removed to Howard County, Mo., in 18 18. In 1820, he settled in Clay 
County, where he resided until his death, Oct. 24th, 1847. ^o^- Thorn- 
ton was a politician of much prominence in the State. He was elected 
to represent Clay County in the Legislature six times, and was twice 
chosen speaker of the Lower House. He had but few opportunities in 
early life in the way of education, but having a strong, vigorous, inquiring 
mind, by energetic reading and research he made of himself a man of 
extended and accurate acquaintance with historical and political subjects. 
He possessed a remarkable personality and great will. If he warmly 
attached men to him, so, also, the vehemence of his temperament was apt 
to create strong opposition. 

Gen. Andrew S. Hughes was born in Montgomery County, Ky., Feb. 
4th, 1789, and settled in Clay County in 1828, where he resided until 
1843. Shortly after his arrival in the State, he was appointed an Indian 
agent by President Jno. Q. Adams, and served as such for some years. He 
originally conceived and advocated the idea of the extinguishment of the 
Indian title to the territory known as the Platte Purchase, and its 
annexation to Missouri. Gen. Hughes was by profession a lawyer, and 
continued in the practice until his death, which occurred while attending 
court at Plattsburg, Mo., Dec. 14th, 1843. If genius consists in readiness 
under all circumstances and adaptation to all emergencies, then Gen. 
Hughes was a genius. Although so long a time has elapsed since his death, 
there yet can hardly be an assemblage of old-time citizens in north-western 
Missouri without some mention of Gen. Hughes. In eccentricity, he was 
the equal of John Randolph, and if he lacked the exquisite polish and 
rapier-like thrust of the latter, he was none the less his rival in wit and 
sarcasm. Whenever he fastened a nick-name on a man it remained dur- 
ing life. His ability as an advocate was admitted on all hands. His 



CLAY COUNTY. '57 

invective was terrible. His resources of mind seemed to have been with- 
omst nT The county swarms with anecdotes concerning htm. Indeed, 
if old reports be true, a book of rare witticisms might be comp.led from 

"R^rMosES E. LARB.-This distinguished preacher author, theologian 
and essayist, was born in Bedford Co., Tenn., Oct. 29th, 18 8. In 
fgl he and his parents came to Missouri, and settled tn Clay Co. 
Thi 'county contiLd to be his home until the fall of 1857. At .7 
vets rfage he was unable to write. But Mr. Lard was born the possessor 
o a powerful intellect. To remain ignorant was to htm an .mposstbd.ty 
His natural thirst for information forced him into the paths of knowledge 
" d general iterature. At .3 years of age, he became a communtcan of 
fc Christian Church. In 1845, (although he then had a w,fe and two 
chUdren he entered Bethany College, Va., as a student, and subsequenUy 
g^duated there with distinguished honors. In >85o, he commenced hts 
?„ a preacher and author. In ,857, he pubUshed hts; work ent.tled 
^Re i"v o'f Campbellism Examined," a taok of mertt tn a controvers.al 
potnt of view. In .863, he emigrated to Kentucky and commenced the 
nublication of "Lard's Quarterly," a magazine of much abi ity. Mr. 
?: i" man of uncommon capacity. He o^n soars mto^ereg.o 
of the sublime. His mind is comprehensive and bold He loves to 
^ve whdm the hearer by the force and magnificence of his hought,- 
meferring the grand to the pathetic. He is eminently analytical in his 
m"de of t'hought-logical always, and grasps his theme with the confidence 

'1hTsicIrFTr;es.-The south-western and southern portions of the 
co!nty are q!ite hilly near the streams ; but in the northern, central and 
Tern portions, the'slopes rise very gently from the bottom t^the up 
lands which swell with beautiful undulations. The bluffs along the 
Missou River vary from 50 .0 .co fee. in height. The southern half of 
A county i^ nearly all heavilywooded Jand, extending back from the 
Mssouri Rver r/ miles. About one-fifth of the northern half of the 
founty is praTrie. The wood is mostly elm, ash, linden maple (white 
and Iigar), oak, (red, white, laurel, Spanish, pin, black and rock- 
l.nS,hickor, (shag-bark, thick shell-bark and pignut , b^ack walnu . 
rherrv locust and iron-wood. Near the prairies, it is mostly laurel 
d L oak elm cherry, sumach and persimmon; post oak and 
fragrant sumach oc'cuf in 'ihe eastern part of the county. Fishing 
S w th its numerous tributaries, drains more than one-fourth of 
^rnoleastern, eastern and south-eastern parts of the coumy 
Smith's Fork of the Platte River, with its tributaries. Fry, Camp 
fcal Branch) Holtzclaw, Duncan and Wilkinson Creeks drain 
heTorth-Tef r'n portion, while Big Shoal, Little Shoa and Rush 
Creeks, and numerous smaller streams, flowing into the Missouri i^iver. 



158 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MICSOURL 

drain the central, southern and south-western portions of the county. 
Most of the land is rich — only a small strip lying east of Williams' Creek, 
in the eastern part of the county, being of inferior quality. 

Agricultural Productions. — The chief productions are corn, wheat, 
oats, potatoes, rye, barley, hemp and tobacco. The grasses, timothy, 
clover, millet, hungarian and blue, grow luxuriantly. All garden vege- 
tables succeed well. There are now several large vineyards, covering, 
in the aggregate, twenty-five or thirty acres. The grape succeeds well 
and is receiving increased attention. The most successful varieties are 
the Concord and Norton's Virginia Seedling. It is thought that there 
are two or three native varieties which merit attention. The peach is 
uncertain. The apple of every variety attains the utmost perfection as 
regards size, flavor, juiciness and beauty of color. The great staple is 
corn. The average yield of hemp, with ordinary culture and a reason- 
ably fair season, is 900 pounds to the acre, and of tobacco, under the 
like circumstances, 1000 pounds. It is a superior stock county. 

The Mineral Resources, (so far as known) are limited. There are 
slight indications of coal and lead. 

The Manufacturing Interests, aside from those noted in the differ- 
ent towns, are the usual quota of grist and saw-mills and a woolen mill, 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $8,000,000*. 

Railroads. — There are four railroads running through the county, as 
follows: Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R., 293^ miles; St. Louis, Kansas 
City & Northern R. W., 17^ miles; St. Louis & St. Joseph R. R., \){ 
miles; Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs R. R., 3^ miles. 
The St. L., K. C. & N. R. W. now terminates at Minaville (N. M. Junc- 
tion) 8 miles from Kansas City, using the track of the H. & St. J. 
R. R. for that space, but proposes soon to build a track of its own. 

The Exports are flour, tobacco, hemp, hogs, mules, horses, beef 
cattle, timber and lumber also wine, vegetables and fruit. 

Education. — This county is well supplied with good schools, and its 
inhabitants, in point of education, will not suffer in a comparison with 
the people of any county in the State. Its chief institution of learning 
is William Jewell College, located at Liberty. It was founded Febru- 
ary 27th, 1849, organized in schools on the plan of the University of 
Virginia, named in honor of the late Dr. William Jewell, of Columbia, 
Mo., who gave $10,000 toward its endowment, and is under the control 
of the Baptists of Missouri. It has a corps of able, efficient, scientific 
professors, and many of its graduates bear testimony to its thorough 

•Assessed valuation for 1873, 54,722,326. Total debt of the county (all funded), ^249,900. Its bonds 
bear 10 per cent, interest, payable semi-annually, which, being promptly paid, makes th^m worth from 
I to 3 per cent, above par. The city of Liberty has a debt (funded) of about ^40,000, bearing lo per 
cent, interest. The taxation for State and county purposes fqr the year 1873, was ^1.45 per jjioo. Tho 
railroad debt was originally ^200.000. 



CZAV COUNTY. 159 

training. In point of scholarship, it takes rank with the best institutions 
in the West. The college edifice is very handsome, and one of the 
finest in the State. It is situated on a commanding eminence, overlook- 
ing Liberty and a wide expanse of beautiful country. There are also at 
Liberty a Catholic Institute, and Liberty Female College — both pri- 
vate enterprises of good local reputation, and in a prosperous condition. 
The public school system has been in full operation for some years 
throughout the county, and in every sub-district there is a substantial 
school-house. The public school building at Liberty is an ornament to 
the city, and is a model of beauty and convenience. The attendance of 
pupils in the county is fully up to the average of counties. 

Churches. — The various denominations of Christians rank numeri- 
cally as follows: Christians, Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians, Catho- 
lics and Episcopalians. The church accommodation is unusually large, 
there being hardly a neighborhood without a comfortable edifice. 

Arnold, (Blue Eagle,) a station on the K. C. Branch of the H. & St. 
J. R. R., 7 miles s. w. from Liberty, has a population of 40 or 50. 

Barry, 10 miles w. from Liberty, 7 miles n. from Harlem, has a pop- 
ulation of about 75. and 2 churches. 

Blue Eagle. — See Arnold. 

Clays ville, (Prospect Hill,) 9 miles n. e. of Kearney, laid out in 
1850, has a population of about 50. 

Claytonville. — See Greenville. 

Gosney ville, (Paradise,) 8 miles n. w. from Kearney, has about 40 
inhabitants. 

Greenville, (Claytonville,) 6 miles n. e. from Kearney, has 2 churches 
— Methodist and Christian, and about 70 inhabitants. 

Harlem, on the north bank of the Missouri River, opposite Kansas 
City, and connected by the Hannibal and St. Joseph Bridge with all the 
railroads centering at the latter place, has a population of about 150. 

Holt, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 17 miles n. from Liberty, has an 
excellent flouring and saw-mill. Population, about 125. 

Kearney, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 9 miles n. from Liberty, incor- 
porated in 1869, contains 3 churches — Baptist, Presbyterian and Chris- 
tian, 8 stores and i flouring-mill. It is situated in a beautiful and rich 
country, and its prospects are good. Population, about 450. 

LIBERTY, the county seat, on the K. C. Branch of the H. & St. J, 
R. R., 14 miles from Kansas City and 3^ miles from the Missouri River 
and the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., was laid out in 1822, incorporated 
as a city in 185 1, and contains a population of about 1,800. This is one 
of the most agreeable towns in the State, and would be a pleasant summer 
residence for persons from the large cities. Nearly all of its streets are 
macadamized, and its side-walks are very good. It is situated in a beauti- 
ful valley, with high ridges on the east, north and west, and interspersed 



i6o CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 

with many forest and ornamental trees, — presenting a charming appear- 
ance. It contains, (besides the educational institutions above noted,) a 
fine court-house, 5 churches — Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, Christian 
and Catholic, 7 dry good stores, 3 drug and 4 grocery stores, 2 flouring 
and 2 woollen-mills, i foundry and machine shop, 2 tailor, 2 tin, 3 black- 
smith and 2 carriage shops, 2 banks, i hotel and i newspaper — The 
Tribune, established in 1846, published by Robt. H. Miller. 

Liberty Landing, on the north bank of the Missouri River, is a 
station on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 13 miles from Kansas City, 
and 3^ miles from Liberty. This would make a good manufacturing 
point. 

Minaville, (N. M. Junction,) on the Missouri, 6 miles s. w. from 
Liberty and 8 miles from Kansas City, is the junction of the H. & St. J. 
R. R. with the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W. 

Missouri City, on the north bank of the Missouri River, 71^ miles 
from Liberty, on the St, L., K. C. & N. R. W., and 21 miles from Kansas 
City, was incorporated in 1859. It contains 2 churches, 6 stores, i bank, 
I hotel and i tobacco factory, and is the shipping point for the south- 
eastern part of the county. It is a substantial, prosperous town. Popu- 
lation about 600. 

North Missouri Junction. — See Minaville. 

Paradise. — See Gosneyville. 

Prospect Hill. — See Claysville. 

Pratherville, 10 miles n. e. from Liberty, in a heavily timbered and 
fertile district, contains about 30 inhabitants. 

Robertson, is a station on the H. & St. J. R. R., 5 miles n. from 
Liberty. 

Smithville, 13 miles n. w. from Liberty and 9 miles from Kearney, 
contains about 100 inhabitants, and is surrounded by a very rich country. 




Photographed by J. T. Hicks. 



WILLIAM JEWELL COLLEGE BUILDING. 



William Jewell College, Liberty, Mo., chartered by the Missouri 
Le!!sllre February .7th, 1849, is controlled by the Baptists of M.ssoun. 

FACULTY : 

Rkv. W. R. Rothwell, a. M., Chairman of Faculty, Professor of 
Biblical Literature and Interpretation. 

R B. Semple, a. M., Professor of Latin and French. 

^ ^ Professor of Greek and German. 

JAMKS G. Clark,, A. M., Professor of Mathematics. 
I R Eaton A. M., Professor of Natural Science. 

RKV. NoKMaN Fox, A M., Professor of Ecclesiastical and Cvd 
History, ^^nd English Literature. 

REV. A. J. Emerson, A. M., Principal of the Preparatory Department. 

OFFICERS OF THE P-OARD OF TRUSTEES; 

HON. JNO. B. WORNALL, President. Jno. L. Peak, Treasurer. 

D. C. Allen, Secretary. 



^Supplied by Faculty until vacancy shall be filled by the Trustees. 



CLINTON COUNTY, 

In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by De Kalb 
County, east by Caldwell and Ray, south by Clay, and west by Platte 
and Buchanan Counties, and contains 264,623 acres. 

Population.— In 1840, 2,724; in 1850, 3,786; in i860, 7,848; in 
1870, 14,063, of whom 13,380 were white and 683 colored; 7.582 male 
and 6,481 female; 13,036 native (6,358 born in Missouri) and 1,027 
foreign. 

History.— About 1830, David Castile settled on the creek which 
bears his name, and was soon followed by Washington Huffaker, Page 
Stanley, James and William Groom, Moses McMahon, the Vassars and 
others from Clay County. Before its organization, Clinton was attached 
to Clay, for civil and military purposes, and extended north to the Iowa 
line. At this time the people purchased their supplies at Liberty, while 
their milling was done at "Yankee Smith's" in Clay County. There 
was no serious trouble with the Indians, but petty thieving was carried 
on quite extensively by them until one of their number was found 
lying dead across a very large hog. This circumstance effectually 
stopped their depredations. Being on the line of the Platte Purchase, 
then an Indian reservation, the settlers were frequently annoyed by sol- 
diers from Fort Leavenworth, who ranged through that section to keep 
people from settling on Indian land before it come into market. 
The county was organized from a part of Clay, Jan. 15th, 1833, and in- 
cluded the present territory of Gentry and Worth Counties. It was 
reduced to its present limits Feb. 1 2th, 1 841 . Governor Dunklin appoint- 
ed John P. Smith, Archibald Elliott and Stephen Jones county justices. 
The first court was held in April, 1833, at the house of John Bigger- 
staff, John P. Smith presiding, and Richard R. Reese clerk. Thompson 
Smith was appointed sheriff, Washington Huffaker, collector, Elijah Fry, 
assessor, John BiggerstafF, treasurer and Levi Thatcher, surveyor. Clinton 
County furnished several companies for the Black Hawk War, commanded 
by Col. Lewis Wood ; also several companies for the Mormon War, who 
did good service in expelling the "saints" from Far West. In the 
late Civil War, the people were about equally divided in sentiment and 
furnished soldiers for both armies, many of whom were distinguished for 
their valor. Gen. David R. Atchison, for many years president /w /<?»/. 
of the U. S. Senate, and Col. John T. Hughes, were citizens of Clinton. 

Physical Features. — The county is gently undulating, about three- 
fourths prairie and one-fourth timber, the latter consisting of black 



i6s CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

walnut, various kinds of oak, elm, cherry, linn, cottonwood, hickory, 
mulberry and black ash. There are many good springs, two of which 
are impregnated with sulphur, and are claimed to be chalybeate of great 
medicinal virtue. The creeks are Castile, Smith's Fork of Platte River, 
Shoal, and their tributaries, together with the tributaries of Crooked and 
Fishing Rivers. These springs and creeks furnish abundance of water 
for stock, while good, pure water is easily obtained by digging. The 
soil is good, producing all the cereals and fruits common to the latitude. 
There are probably not forty acres, in a body, which are unfit for cultiva- 
tion. The county is well settled and the lands are mostly fenced and in 
cultivation, or used for pasture. There are lo, i6o acres selected as swamp 
land, most of which is as good land as the county affords. The Hannibal 
and St. Joseph Railroad Company own 2,840 acres of good land and 
^dZ town lots, which they sell on long time and at low rates. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, smaller grains, 
tobacco, fruits, cattle, hogs, sheep, etc. Grazing is a very important 
interest. 

Mineral Resources. — No minerals have yet been found, but pros- 
pecting for coal i's going on, with favorable indications. 

Manufacturing Interests. — There is i woolen factory, i distillery, 
I wagon shop (at which the " Original Plattsburg Wagon " is manufac- 
tured), supplying for the most part the wants of the county, i carriage 
factory, besides several good flouring and saw-mills. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^8,ooo,ooo.* 

Railroads. — The Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad, including the 
Kansas City Branch, has 35 miles, the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
R. R. has 30 miles and the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W. has 27 
miles of track in the county. No past of the county is more than 10 
miles from a railroad station 

The Exports are cattle, wheat, corn, horses, mules, hogs, tobacco, 
fruit, etc. 

The Educational Interests are well cared for, there being a school- 
house in nearly every sub-district. There are fine buildings at Cameron, 
Lathrop and Plattsburg, aggregate cost, ^50,000; also a private school 
of some local importance at Plattsburg, which is well attended. 

Anderson, a post-office 9 miles w. n. w. of Plattsburg. 

Bainbridge, 7 miles s. w. of Plattsburg, near Smith's Fork of Platte 
River, has i flouring-mill, i saw-mill and i store. 

Cameron, in the north-eastern part of the county, at the junction of 
the H. & St. J. R. R., Kansas City Branch, and the C, R. I. & P. R. R., 



♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $5,168,611 ; bonded debt, $200,000. Cameron has a railroad debt of $50,- 
000; school debt of $30,000; total, $80,000. Lathrop has a railroad debt of {40,000 and a school debt of 
{10,000. Plattsburg has {25,000 of railroad debt. 



CLINTON COUNTY. 163 

1 73 miles from Hannibal, 34 miles from St. Joseph, and 50 miles from 
Kansas City, has a population of about 1,500, and is one of the thriving 
towns of the North-west. It has a fine public school building which 
cost about ^35,000, 7 churches, about 30 stores, i bank, i harness and 2 
wagon makers, 2 lumber dealers, 2 nurserymen, 2 hotels, i flouring-mill, 
I woolen factory, and i newspaper — The Observer, J. E. Goldsworthy, 
publisher. 

Carpenter's Store, a post-office 12 miles s, w. of Plattsburg. 

Converse, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 13 miles s. e. of Platts- 
burg, is surrounded by fine farms, and has i store. 

Gower, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 9 miles w. of Plattsburg, 
is surrounded by the oldest, best cultivated and wealthiest portion of the 
county. It was incorporated in 1873, and has i hotel and about 6 stores. 

Graysonville, on the C, R. I. & P. R. R., 7 miles s. w. of Platts- 
burg, in the timber, near the prairie, in the first settled part of the county, 
is surrounded by a fertile country, in a high state of cultivation, and 
contains 2 stores. 

Hainesville, 7 miles s. of Lathrop, near the H. & St. J. R. R., one 
of the oldest towns in the county, contains 4 churches, i woolen-mill, 
I gunsmith's and i saddler's shop, and about 6 stores. 

Lathrop, at the junction of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W. with the 
H. & St. J. R. R., 7 miles e. of Plattsburg and 15 miles s. of Cameron, 
is an enterprising town of about 500 inhabitants. It has 2 churches, i 
hotel, I graded public school — cost ^10,000, i grist-mill, 2 lumber yards, 
I wagon shop, about 20 stores, and i newspaper — T7ie Monitor, published 
by J. O. Daniels. 

Perrin, on the C, R. I. & P. R. R., 11 miles n. e. of Plattsburg, has 
I store, and is surrounded by fine farms. 

PLATTSBURG, the county seat, first called Concord, afterward 
Springfield, and finally Plattsburg, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 
269 miles from St. Louis, and on the C, R. I. & P. R. R., 19 miles from 
Cameron, has 6 churches, 2 school buildings for white and i for colored 
children, 2 hotels, 2 newspapers, 2 banks, i flour and i woolen-mill, about 
30 stores, I livery stable, 3 lumber dealers, etc. Population about 1,450. 

Tanner, a station on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 5 miles w. of 
Plattsburg. 

Turney's Station, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 10% miles s. of 
Cameron, surrounded by a beautiful country, has i hotel, 3 stores and 2 
churches. 



COLE COUNTY, 

In the central part of the State, bounded north by the Missouri River, 
which separates it from Boone and Callaway Counties, east by Osage, 
south by Miller, west by Miller and Moniteau Counties, and contains 
234,466 acres. 

Population in 1830, 3,023; in 1840, 9,286; in 1850, 6,696; in 
i860, 9,697; in 1870, 10,292, of whom 9,041 were white and 1,251 
colored; 5,595 male, and 4,697 female; 8,234 native (5,884 born in 
Missouri) and 2,058 foreign. 

History. — As early as 1816, a few families from Kentucky and Ten- 
nessee located within the present limits of Cole, but white families were 
few and far between until after its organization, November i6th, 1820, 
when it was named for the intrepid pioneer, Capt. Stephen Cole. The 
county seat was located at Marion in 1822, and removed to Jefferson City 
in 1828. The seat of government of the State was removed from St. 
Louis to St. Charles in 1821, thence to Jefferson City in 1826. At the 
time of the admission of Missouri into the Union, Congress granted four 
sections of land for the location of the seat of government. The Consti- 
tution fixed the location of the capital upon the Missouri River within 40 
miles of the mouth of the Osage. At the first session of the Legislature, 
commissioners were appointed who, after a tedious examination, selected 
the present site of Jefferson City, which Maj. Elias Bancroft laid off into 
lots under the superintendence of the commissioners, in 1822. The first 
sale of lots took place in May, 1823, under the supervision of Maj. Josiah 
Ramsey, Jr., Capt. J. C. Gordon and Adam Hope, Esq., trustees on the 
part of the State. 

At this time there were but two families residing in the place, Maj. 
Josiah Ramsey, Jr., and Mr. Wm. Jones. This year (1823) the building 
of a brick State-house was let to the lowest bidder, Daniel Colgan, and 
afterwards transferred to James Dunnica, of Kentucky, who built the 
capitol at the bid $25,000. The State-house was completed at the 
stipulated time, and the Legislature assembled in the new State capitol 
on the third Monday in November, 1826. Up to this date, all the fam- 
ilies that resided in Jefferson City, were Wm. Jones, Josiah Ramsey, Jr., 
John C. Gordon, Daniel Colgan, Jesse F. Roystan, James Dunnica, 
Harden Casey, Robert A. Ewing, Alexander Gordon, John Dunnica, 
John R Thomas, Reuben Garnett, Stephen C. Dorriss, James R. Pullen, 
Christopher Casey, Henry Buckner, Hiram H. Baber, David Scrivner, 
Samuel Harrison, Geo. Woodward, Terry Scurlock, David Slater, Gran- 



i6d CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

ville P. Thomas, Robert H. Jones, Azariah Kennedy, Willis Thornton, 
David Harmon, Wm. Henderson, Mr. Thompson, McDaniel Dorriss 
and Mr. Moss. 

The present State capitol was commenced in 1838, and occupied by 
the Legislature of 1840-41, and cost about $350,000. The stone for the 
building was taken from the bluffs near by, along the line of the Pacific 
Railroad, in front of the city. The limestone for the pillars was from 
Callaway County. Mr. S. Hills, the architect, here planned one of the 
best buildings in the West, whether as regards its substantial character, 
architectural beauty or interior arrangement of the Legislative halls and 
the several State offices. 

Physical Features. — The general surface of the country is high and 
undulating, and covered with a heavy growth of oak, hickory, elm, wal- 
nut, ash, sugar maple, buck-eye, cottonwood, etc. The bottom lands 
are rich in soil and heavily timbered ; they are also almost entirely free 
from riparian loss or acquisition. The upland soil is light and warm, 
with yellow and red clay for a basis, and peculiarly adapted to the pro- 
duction of small grains and fruits of superior quality. The low-lands in 
the valleys and the margins of the streams will sustain a rank growth of 
nearly everything native to the Temperate Zone. 

The central part is drained by Moreau and North Fork of Moreau, 
both of which furnish excellent water power. The Osage River lies on 
the eastern boundary, and is navigable far beyond the limits of the 
county during the freshet season, and by judicious expenditure on the 
part of the Government, could be made a valuable water route. The 
northern border is washed by the great Missouri, and this, with her rail- 
road connection, gives Cole great facilities for the transportation of 
produce. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, barley and 
hay. Tobacco of fine quality is also produced, and the apple and peach 
grow in great perfection. 

Mineral Resources. — Coal in large quantities exists, and in the 
western part numerous beds are worked. The coal is generally bitumin- 
ous, but cannel coal has been excavated in various localities, particularly 
in the vicinity of Elston and Centertown. Lead has been found in the 
south and south-western parts of the county, on either side of the South 
Fork of the Moreau, in great abundance. Rich deposits have been 
opened south of Russellville and smelting furnaces erected. Two have 
been in operation in the vicinity of Pratt's Mills for the past two years, 
their average net profits being about $25 per day each. Kaolin is found 
in the bluffs of the Osage, though of what quality for usefulness has not 
been ascertained. Indications of copper are found in the south-central 
part of the county, and iron exists in immense banks within a short 
distance of the Osage River, but, until facilities for transportation are 



COLE COUNTY. 167 

afforded by the improvement of the navigation of the Osage by means 
of locks and dams, must remain a *' hidden treasure." 

The Manufacturing Interests are yet in their infancy. One 
machine shop and foundry, started a few years since with small capital, 
finds a demand for twenty times the work it can do, and is accord 
ingly increasing the extent of its productions. The flouring-mills of 
Jefferson City, Osage City and Centertown have an established reputa- 
tion as the manufacturers of flour from Osage Valley wheat in the 
markets of Boston and New York. There are 2 furnaces, a few 
carding machines, and 2 looms in the county. The manufacturing of the 
penitentiary, which is located here, is meagre, comparatively. An effort 
to reorganize the labor of the institution so as to make it contribute to 
the employment of mechanics and artizans outside, is now being made 
with some show of success. Shoes are made in the penitentiary, and 
furniture, which finds a ready market in the West, thus giving employ- 
ment to a large number of experienced prisoners. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^7,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The Missouri Pacific has 26 miles of track. It passes 
along the bank of the Missouri for 15 miles, and then turns due west.f 

The Exports are corn, wheat, tobacco, fruit and stock. 

The Educational Interests. — Public schools are established in 
many parts of the county, but the superintendent in his annual report 
says : " The people generally do not seem to realize the importance of 
popular education, and many of them are opposed to the public school 
system. In many of the districts they have poor school-houses, poorly 
furnished; make frequent changes of teachers, and have but a short 
school term." 

Brazito, 15 miles s. s. w. of Jefferson City, has i school-house and a 
store. 

Centre Town, on the M. P. R. R. 15 miles w. of Jefferson, has several 
stores, I wagon shop and a large flouring mill. It is the point to which 
large quantities of lead and coal are hauled for market. It has i church 
and I school-house, and a population of 300. 

Elston Station, on the M. P. R. R. 10 miles w. of Jefferson City, 
has several stores and shops, and i saw-mill. Lead is found near the 
town and coal is mined within a short distance. It has i church and a 
school-house. Population, about 200. The county farm is located near 
the town. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, {3,734,616. Taxation, ;gi.5o per $ioo. Bonded debt, 1148,000. 

•f-The advantages of the Missouri Branch of the Chicago & Alton road are also secured to the county. 
This branch has for its present terminus the village of Cedar City, opposite Jefferson City, and the exten- 
sion of the line through the county in a south-west direction is already graded to Russellville, near the 
west line of the county. At no distant day the Missouri River will be bridged at this point, and 
unbroken communication established over this line from the great South-west to the Lakes. 



168 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Hickory Hill, 21 miles s. s. w. of Jefferson City, has i school-housq 
and I store. 

JEFFERSON CITY, the county seat, and the capital of the State, 
on the Missouri River and on the M. P. R. R. 125 miles from St. Louis, 
and connected by ferry with Cedar City, the terminus of the Missouri 
branch of the Chicago & Alton R. R., has a population of about 7,000. 
It is a picturesque and interesting town, and possesses in miniature all 
the elements of a large city. The principal public building are the 
capitol. State armory, the State penitentiary and the court-house, all 
substantial stone structures. There are a number of handsome private 
residences, and the Governor's mansion has a commanding location and 
was built in 1871 at a cost of ;^ioo,ooo. It is an imposing edifice of 
brick with stone trimmings. The public school building of the city is a 
very creditable structure. It accommodates four hundred pupils, and is 
an attractive feature of the city. There are 7 churches — Episcopal, 
Swedenborgian, Presbyterian, 2 Methodist, Baptist, Catholic and Luther- 
an ; also a female college and a male high school, and 3 newspapers — 
The State Journal, daily and weekly, N. C. Burch, editor and proprietor; 
People's Tribune, daily and weekly, Regan & Carter, publishers; Der 
Fortschritte (German weekly), Nitchy & Schiller, publishers. 

Marion, on the Missouri, 7 miles n. n. w. of Center Town, was 
originally the county seat. It has 2 stores, a saw-mill and i church. 

Osage Bluff, a p. o. 12 miles s. of Jefferson City. 

Osage City, on the M, P. R. R. 8 miles e. of Jefferson City, at the 
mouth of the Osage River, has i large flouring-mill, 2 saw-mills, i stave 
and barrel factory, several stores and i hotel. 

Russell ville, a p. o. 15 miles w. s. w. of Jefferson City, has i store 
and I church. It is on the line of the Jefferson City, Lebanon & Fort 
Scott R. R., which is partially graded. 

St. Thomas, a p. o. 8 miles s. of Jefferson City. 

Scott's Station, (Upper Jefferson,) on the M. P. R. R. 7 miles w. 
of Jefferson City. 

Stringtown, a p. o. 10 miles w. s. w. of Jefferson City, has i store. 

Taos, a p. o. 5 miles s. of Jefferson City. 

Upper Jefferson. — See Scott's Station. 



COOPER COUNTY, 

In the central part of the State, is bounded north by the Missouri River— 
which separates it from Howard and Boone Counties, east by Moniteau, 
south by Moniteau and Morgan, and west by Pettis and Saline Counties, 
and contains 355,172 acres. 

Population in 1820, 6,959; in 1830, 6,904; in 1840, 10,484; in 
1850, 12,950; in i860, 17,356; in 1870, 20,692, of whom 17,340 were 
white, and 3,352 colored; 10,664 male, and 10,028 female; 18,597 
native (12,300 born in Missouri) and 2,095 foreign. 

History. — Cooper County was first settled in 181 2 by Stephen Cole, 
Daniel Boone, Robert Wallace, Wm. McMahon, Joseph Stephens and 
Wm. Moore, at or near the present site of Boonville, and was organized 
Dec. 17th, 18 1 8. During the late war there were two engagements in this 
county (near Boonville), the first in 1861, between the Federals under 
Gen. Lyon, and the Confederates commanded by Gen. Sterling Price; 
the other between the Confederates led by Col. Brown, and the Federals, 
Col. Eppstein commanding, in both of which the Federals were victorious. 
The county was held first by one party then by the other, so that its 
citizens endured the disagreeable necessity of military occupancy up to 
the close of the struggle. Since the establishment of peace, the county 
has enjoyed an uninterrupted course of prosperity, which has placed it in 
the front rank of the counties of the State in wealth and population. 

Physical Features. — The face of the county is about equally divided 
between timbered lands and prairies, the latter rolling, and gradually rising 
into a hilly, and somewhat broken country, as they approach the 
river. The western portion is drained by the La Mine River ; the central 
by Little Saline Creek, and the south-eastern by Moniteau Creek. There 
are numerous fresh and mineral springs throughout the county. Among 
the latter the most noted for their medicinal properties are the Chouteau 
Springs, about 12 miles south-west of Boonville, and near the line of the 
Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad. They are much frequented, and 
when improved will be a delightful place for summer resort. The 
medicinal properties of these waters are highly spoken of, and numerous 
individuals have received great benefit from their use. There are also 
several very fine salt springs in the western portion of the county. 

The alluvial soil occupies a large area in the bottoms of the Missouri, 
La Mine and the Little Saline, and is generally covered with a heavy 
growth of Cottonwood, sycamore, elm, box-elder, sugar and white maple, 
white and black ash, coffee-tree, honey locust, the various kinds of oak 



1 7 2 CAMPBELL ' S GAZE TTEER OF MISSO URL 

and hickory, red-bud, hackberry, and numerous varieties of willow. The 
upland timber consists of hickory, oak, walnut, sugar maple, ash, haw 
and hackberry. The soil of the county is very fertile, and well adapted 
to all the purposes of agriculture. 

Agricultural Productions. — The bottom lands are particularly 
adapted to corn and hemp, while the uplands are well suited to corn, 
wheat, oats, tobacco and the grasses. Apples and peaches are grown in 
abundance, as are also the small fruits. The grape is cultivated extensively, 
and considerable wine of excellent quality manufactured. About three- 
fifths of the county are under cultivation, and there remain about looo 
acres of "swamp land" still unsold. 

Mineral Resources. — Professor Swallow estimates the amount of 
good available coal, in Cooper County, to be not less than 60,000,000 
tons. It is found in working quantities on nearly every section in the 
county. Lead and iron in considerable, and zinc and manganese in 
small quantities have been found. Of building materials, there is an 
abundance of limestone, sandstone, marble, hydraulic cement, fire-rock, 
and clays for fire brick. 

The Manufacturing Interests of the county are not very exten- 
sive, considering the many advantages, both natural and artificial which 
it possesses. There is i woolen-mill, a foundry, several flouring-mills, 4 
stoneware establishments, several wine manufactories, 2 breweries, i large 
tobacco factory and several smaller ones. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $10,000,000.* 

Railroads. — There are three railroads running through the county, 
which, with the Missouri River, furnish ample means for transportation : 
the Missouri Pacific, which has 6 miles of track passing through the south- 
western part ; the Osage Valley & Southern Kansas (usually known as the 
Boonville Branch of the Missouri Pacific) runs through the center, from 
south to north, having 23 miles of track ; and the Missouri, Kansas & Texas 
Railroad passes through the western and northern portions of the county, 
for 24 miles. The latter road has built a fine iron bridge across the 
Missouri River, at Boonville, which will probably be the means of bring- 
ing other roads through the county, as several are already projected. 

The Exports are wheat, corn, oats, tobacco (in the leaf and manu- 
factured), flour, woolen goods, stoneware and wine. 

Educational Interests. — There are in the county about 75 public 
school buildings, including 10 for colored children. Some of these are 
very fine edifices. There are also several excellent private schools and 
colleges. The county has an agricultural and mechanical association 
which holds its annual fairs at the county seat. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, 115,596,450. Bonded debt, $393,000. Floating debt, ^20,303. Bonded 
debt of Boonville, Clear Creek and Pilot Grove townships, $170,000; City of Boonville, $64,350; 
all of which, except a portion of the city of Boonville debt, is for ^^railroads. Floating deb of 
the city of Boonville, $17,170.52. 



COOPER COUNTY. 173 

Bell Air, a post-office 7 miles n. w. of Bunceton. 

Billingsville, a station on the Boonville Branch of the M. P. R. R., 
6 miles s. of Boonville, contains i store. There are several large stone 
quarries near this place, which are extensively worked. It is surrounded 
by timber. 

BOONVILLE, the county seat, on the Missouri River, 232 miles 
above St. Louis, is the terminus of the Boonville Branch of the M. P. R. 
R., 25 miles north of Tipton and 187 miles by rail from St. Louis. It 
is also on the M. K. & T. R. R., 35 miles from Sedalia and 37 miles from 
Moberly. The railroad bridge, noticed above, spans the Missouri River 
at this place. The city is beautifully and healthfully located among the 
hills and is surrounded by a fine farming country. Mrs. Hannah Cole 
owned the land on which Boonville is built. The original plat was made 
by Captain Asa Morgan, and Chas. Lucas, Aug. ist, 181 7. It became the 
county seat Aug. 13th, 1819, and was incorporated Feb. 8th, 1839. The 
first election held May 3d, 1839, made Marcus Williams, Sr., mayor, 
J. Rice president of the board, and Wm. Shields, J. L. Collins, Jacob 
Wyan, David Andrews, Chas. Smith, J. S. McFarland, and J. H. Malone, 
councilmen. The first court was held at the house of Wm. Bartlett, 
Esq., March ist, 1819, David Todd presiding, Wm. M. McFarland sheriff, 
and Robt. C. Clark clerk. Boonville possesses great natural advan- 
tages, being in the midst of a populous and wealthy section, having an 
abundance of coal and water; also, timber, stone and other building 
material. Its extensive railroad connection, together with the Missouri 
River, afford easy and cheap transportation for the agricultural produc- 
tions of the surrounding country. The town is well laid out with wide 
streets, generally paved and lined with shade trees. The buildings are 
substantial, mostly of brick, and in the city and suburbs are many hand- 
some residences. The court-house is a fine brick structure in the midst 
of a public square ornamented with trees. The jail is a two-story stone 
building. The city is lighted with gas, and contains a spacious town hall, 
I large public school for white and i for colored children, 5 private 
schools and colleges, 9 churches — M. E. Ch. South, German Methodist, 
Baptist, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Catholic, Episcopal, Baptist colored 
and Methodist colored ; 3 banks, 3 weekly newspapers — The Eagle, Milo 
Blair, editor and publisher, the Wcechter am Missouri (German,) L, Joa- 
chimi, editor and proprietor, and the Advertiser, Caldwell, Stahl & 
Hutchison, proprietors; 5 hotels and a U. S. Land Office, about 20 
manufacturing establishments, 2 breweries and about 75 stores. With 
these advantages, joined to the high social and business character of its 
citizens, Boonville bids fair to become one of the most important cities 
in the central part of Missouri. Population, about 6,000. 

Bunceton, on the Boonville Branch of the M. P. R. R., 15 miles s. 
of Boonville, was laid out and settled in 1866, and has i large flouring- 



174 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

mill, I church, i public school building, i Masonic hall and 4 or 5 stores, 
and is surrounded by timber. Large quantities of coal and building 
stone are found near this place. Population, about 400. 

Clark's Fork, a post-office 9 miles s. e. of Boonville. 

Clear Creek, a post-office 16 miles s. w. of Boonville. 

Conner's Mills, a post-office 8 miles e. of Boonville. 

Gooch's Mills, a post-office 11 miles e. of Boonville. 

Harrison, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 15 miles s. of Boonville, con- 
tains I store. 

LaMine, a post-office 14 miles w. of Boonville. 

Lone Elm, a post-office 18 miles s. of Boonville. 

Ne'w Palestine, on the Boonville Branch of the M. P. R. R., 11 
miles s. of Boonville, is situated on Little Saline Creek, and contains 
about 200 inhabitants. 

Otterville, on the M. P. R. R., 175 miles from St. Louis, and 25 
miles s. w. of Boonville, is surrounded by a good country, with plenty 
of timber and good water power. It was incorporated Feb. i6th, 1857, and 
contains i fine public school building, 4 churches, a Masonic and an Odd 
Fellows' hall and 10 stores. Lead in large quantities has recently been 
discovered near this place. Population, about 600. 

Overton, a shipping point on the Missouri River, 13 miles e. of Boon- 
ville, has I store, i school-house, and i warehouse. 

Pilot Grove, on the M. K. & T. R. R., 12 miles s. w. of Boonville, 
has I store and i church. 

Pisgah, 15 miles s. of Boonville, and 6 miles from Bunceton, (the 
nearest railroad station) has 2 stores, i church, and i school-house. 

Pleasant Green, on the M. K. «& T. R. R., 18 miles s. w. of Boon- 
ville, in a timbered district, has i store and i church. 

Prairie Home, a post-office 18 miles s. of Boonville, has i store and » 
I school-house, and is situated in a fine agricultural region. 

Vermont, on the Boonville Branch of the M. P. R. R., 20 miles s. 
of Boonville, is surrounded by prairie, and has i store. 



CRAWFORD COUNTY, 

In the south-east-central part of the State, is bounded north by Gascon^ 
ade and Franklin Counties, east by Washington and Iron, south by Iron 
and Dent, and west by Dent, Phelps and Gasconade Counties, and con^ 
tains 465,313 acres. 

Population in 1830, 1,712; in 1840, 3,561; in 1850, 6,397; in 
i860, 5,823 ; in 1870, 7,982, of whom 7,896 were white, and 86 colored; 
4,089 male and 3,893 female; 7,589 native (5,155 born ' Missouri) and 
393 foreign. 

History. — This county was settled in 181 5, by Wm. Harrison (many 
of his family still reside here) and others who located on the Maramec 
River. It was organized Jan. 23rd, 1829, and then included a vast area of 
territory. From that time until March loth, 1835, when the county seat 
was located, the county courts were held at the house of James Harrison, 
near the mouth of Little Piney, now in Phelps County. 

Physical Features. — The Maramec River enters the south-western 
part of the county, and pursuing a tortuous course, leaves at the north- 
eastern corner. Its chief tributaries and sub-tributaries on the south are 
Crooked, Yankee, Dry, Huzza and Shoal Creeks and Fourche a Courtois 
and Fourche Bazil. The Branch of Bourbeuse and its numerous tributaries 
water the north-western part. There are also numerous springs, many of 
which, in addition to the streams, furnish good water power. The soil of 
the bottoms along the Maramec and its tributaries is a black loam inter- 
mixed with sand. The valleys are of a light brown loam and sand, 
while the uplands are chiefly yellow clay. 

The timber consists of white, post and black oak, and black-jack on the 
uplands, while the bottoms produce hickory, ash, elm, walnut, sycamore, 
linn, yellow and sugar maple, cherry, buckeye, iron-wood and dogwood. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn and the smaller 
grains, also fruits and vegetables. 

The A. & P. R. R. Co. have about 56,000 acres of lands for sale in 
the county, at prices ranging from ;?S2.5o to $5.50 per acre.* 

The Mineral Resources are chiefly iron and lead. The former is 
being mined successfully at many points, among which may be mentioned : 

The Scotia Mines, near Leasburg, which is the shipping point for the 
ore. This is a wonderful deposit of blue specular and red hematite. A 

*The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix — Page 



176 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

charcoal furnace is in operation here of about 22 tons capacity. Tlie Ben- 
ton Creek Bank in the south-west corner of the county, has a branch rail- 
road 1)4 miles in length, connecting it with the St. L., S. & L. R. R. R. 
The arrangements are such that the operatives can load 25 cars at once, 
with sufficient space, side track, etc., to load 75 cars per day. This ore 
is blue specular and red oxyde. The Cherry Valley Bank is a huge de- 
posit of blue ore, situated 5 miles east of Steelville ; no mining has yet 
been done, but operations will probably commence at an early day. The 
Steelville Bank, about i mile south-west of Steelville and about 200 yards 
north of the railroad, has a branch so built that the ore can be shipped 
directly from the bank. The Graver Bank is about 5 miles south of 
Steelville, within half a mile of the railroad, on a down grade. Iron Ridge, 
north-east of Knob View, is about 2 miles north of the A, & P. R. R., 
but is connected by a narrow gauge road. This ore is blue specular and 
red hematite, and is one of the largest deposits of mixed ore in this part 
of Missouri. It is being skillfully and energetically developed. In addi- 
tion to these, there are a dozen or more banks that have been somewhat 
developed, and numerous small deposits, all awaiting capital and labor. 

Indications of immense deposits of lead are found in the eastern part 
of the county on Fourche a Courtois, Shoal, Huzza, and Dry Creeks. 
Little has been done toward the development of this mineral, and it is 
believed by the people of the county that the geological reports have been 
based upon a too hasty examination. Coal of a superior quality is 
found in the southern part of the county, and is now being mined 5 miles 
south-west of Cherryville. A superior quality of sandstone has been 
found in various places. 

The Manufacturing Interests are much neglected. It has i fur- 
nace, several grist-mills, and 3 wool-carding machines. Another furnace is 
being erected 2 miles n. of Steelville. 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^2,800,000.* 

Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific R. R., passing through the 
county east and west, is- located on high lands between the Maramec and 
Bourbeuse, and has 265^ miles of track. 

The St. Louis, Salem & Little Rock R. R., connecting with the A. & 
P. at Cuba, and running southward, has 30 miles of road. 

The Exports are pig-iron, iron ore, wheat, corn and stock. 

The Educational Interests are receiving increased attention, and 
schools are established in many of the sub-districts. There is a private 
high school at Steelville. 

Anthony's Mills is a post-office 12 miles s. e. of Bourbon. 

Argo is a post-office 6 miles n. w. of Bourbon. 

' * Assessed valuation for 1873, 1^2,027, 073. Bonded debt, ^1,500. Floating debt, Ji, 500. R. R. debt— 
Benton Township, ^15,000; Maramec Township, ^22,000; Union^Township, $20,000. 



CRAWFORD COUNTY. 177 

Bourbon is on the A. & P. R. R., 13 miles n. e. of Cuba. 

Cherryville is a post-office 10 miles s. e. of Steelville. 

Clinton's Mills is a post-office 13 miles s. e. of St. James. 

Cuba, at the junction of the A. & P. R. R. with the St. L., S. & L. R. 
R. R., is 91 miles from St. Louis and 9 miles north-west of Steelville. 
It is a thriving town, and contains about 13 stores, 2 hotels, 2 livery 
stables, 2 lumber dealers and 2 wagon shops. 

Dry Creek is a post-office 15 miles s. of Steelville. 

Elm Tree, (Kysville,) is a post-office 10 miles s. w. of Steelville. 

Harrison's Mills is a post-office 8 miles s. e. of Bourbon. 

Iron Ridge is on the A. & P. R. R., 5 miles w. of Cuba. 

Jake's Prairie is a post-office 10 miles n. of Cuba. 

Kent is on the A. & P. R. R., 3 miles w. of Cuba. 

Knob View on the A. & P. R. R., 8 miles w. of Cuba, has i 
general store. 

Kysville. — See Elm Tree. 

Leasburg, on the A. & P. R. R., 8 miles n. e. of Cuba, has 4 stores. 

Lone Cedar is a post-office 9 miles s. e. of Steelville. 

Osage is a post-office 16 miles s. e. of Steelville. 

STEELVILLE, the county seat, is located in a beautiful valley one 
mile s. of the Maramec. It has about 500 inhabitants, and is one of the 
most attractive towns in this part of Missouri, It has i cabinet-maker's 
shop, 7 stores, i hotel and an excellent high school, established in 1850. 
It is on the St. L., S. & L. R. R., 9 miles from Cuba. 



DADE COUNTY, 

In the south-western part of the State, is bounded north by Cedar 
County, east by Polk and Greene, south by Lawrence and Jasper, 
and west by Jasper and Barton Counties, and contains 320,000 acres. 

Population in 1850, 4,246; in i860, 7,072; in 1870, 8,683, of 
whom 8,479 "^^^^ white, and 204 colored; 4,43° male, 4,253 female; 
8,598 native (4,256 born in Missouri) and 85 foreign. 

History. — The first settlements in what is now Dade County were 
made in the latter part of 1833 and spring of 1834. Among the pioneers, 
who suffered the usual hardships, were William, Redden and John Crisp, 
who located on and near Crisp Prairie, and after whom it was named. 
John Crisp is still (1874) living on Big Sac, and is one of the foremost 
farmers and stock-raisers in the country. Silas Hobbs settled on Big Sac ; 
George Davidson on Limestone Creek, about 3 miles south-west of the 
present site of Greenfield ; Judge Nelson McDowell on, and Samuel La 
Force near, Crisp Prairie. Settlers had to undergo many inconveniences, 
both of a public and private character. Springfield, in Greene County, 
then a very small place, was the nearest post-office, and also the seat of 
justice for all that portion of country. For a time the laws of the State were 
scarcely known in south-western Missouri, and but rarely administered. 
Magistrates were " few and far between," and it is related by John Crisp, 
who married in those days, that he had to take his bride 40 miles from 
home to find a justice of the peace who could " tie the knot." Madison 
Campbell's grist-mill, on Little Sac, in what is now Polk County, was 
the only grist-mill in all that region. It was quite common to mount a 
boy on horseback, astride a sack of corn, and send him 20 miles to this 
mill. As the settlements extended westward, the farmers with their ox- 
carts had still further to go, as they continued patronizing the same 
establishment, until a few years later, when Campbell's grist-mill, on Big . 
Sac, was erected on the site now occupied by Engleman's mill in this 
county, and which for a number of years alone supplied a large scope of 
country with Indian meal and flour. Among other early settlers, that 
came in but little later than those above mentioned, were James Hem- 
bree, who located on the site now occupied by Melville ; also the Allison 
and Hoover families, among whom were Judge M. H, Allison, who after- 
ward largely assisted in founding Greenfield, and who still lives near the 
town where he first settled. Judge John C. Wetzel, near Greenfield, and 
Jesse Finley, of Crisp Prairie, came early, and are yet living ; both are 



i8o CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

prominent citizens of the county. During the Mexican War this county- 
turned out a company of men under command of Capt. J. J. Clarkson, 
that did excellent service. After its organization, Jan. 29th, 1841, Dade 
grew steadily until the late Civil War, when it was overrun by the con- 
tending armies, and its farms and villages laid waste. Scarcely a house 
was left standing west of Greenfield, except in its immediate vicinity, 
and the western portion of the county was depopulated by Gen, Ewing's 
famous order. The court-house was burned by the Confederates under 
Gen. Shelby, in 1863, but happily the books of the recorder's office were 
saved, so that evidence of titles to lands was preserved. Although no 
great battles were fought in the county, there were numberless sharp con- 
flicts, in which many soldiers, both of the "Blue" and the "Gray," 
went down and were buried where they fell. 

Physical Features. — About one-half of the county is timber, and 
the remainder prairie. That part lying in the timber, and near water 
courses, is rolling, and in places very rough and hilly. The bottom 
lands are very productive, and the prairies undulating and usually well 
fitted for cultivation. The summit of the Ozark Mountains is in the 
south-western part of the county; the streams flowing south from this 
section finding their way to the Arkansas, while the others flow through 
the Osage and thence to the Missouri. Big Sac and Turnback, which 
flow from south to north through the eastern and central parts of the 
county, furnish most valuable water power and many very fine mill sites. 
The lesser streams are Son's Creek in the central, and Horse and Muddy 
Creeks in the western part of the coimty, the first two named flowing 
northwardly into the Big Sac, and the last into Spring River. These 
and their affluents, at all seasons, afford abundant supplies of stock water, 
and at certain seasons abound in a variety of choice fish. Many 
portions of the county are well supplied with springs of pure, clear water, 
and excellent well water may be easily obtained in any part of the county. 
About six miles east of Greenfield, at Mr. G. W. Cotner's residence, is a 
chalybeate spring of, probably, great hygienic properties. The principal 
prairies are Crisp, situated in the north-eastern portion of the county, 
some 12 by 3 miles in extent; Rock Prairie, in the south-eastern; Penn- 
sylvania in the southern, (named after Judge Wm. Penn), and Conner's in 
the northern ; this last named, known by various other names in different 
localities, sweeps around the whole western border of the county. 
The county is moderately well timbered with white, red and black oak, 
poplar, Cottonwood, hickory, walnut, elm, cherry, etc. The prairies are 
generally so distributed, with relation to intervening woodlands, that an 
abundant supply of wood for fuel, and timber for fences, bridges, etc., 
can always be found at convenient distances. 

i The Agricultural Productions are principally wheat, corn, oats 
and hay; the soil showing adaptability to many other cereal crops not 



DADE COUNTY. i8i 

extensively grown, such as rye, millet, etc. The grasses and clover yield 
abundantly. Tobacco, although not much grown, is produced of the 
finest quality. Various kinds of fruits succeed admirably, as far as tested, 
especially the apple — and it is believed that grapes will do well. Veget- 
ables grow finely. 

The Atlantic & Pacific Railroad Co. have about 4,000 acres of land in 
this county for sale at from $2 io $^ per acre on liberal terms.* 

Mineral Resources. — Coal has been discovered in many sections 
of the western part of the county indicating extensive beds, varying in 
thickness from 28 to 36 inches, and of a very fine quality. Several mines 
of some importance have been opened, at or near the surface, in the 
higher lands, but there have been no extensive mining operations or 
systematic examinations. It is generally believed that these coal mines 
will become an important interest of the county. Iron ores of excellent 
quality have been discovered in various places in the central and eastern 
portions of the county, and appear to be extensive, but are as yet unde- 
veloped. Indications of lead and copper are also found. In several 
portions of the county are traces of ancient diggings, but what the miners 
sought, or what they found, who they were, whence they came, whither 
they went, and when and how long they delved there, are problems which 
^'the oldest inhabitants" cannot solve. 

Manufactures. — There are about 8 flour-mills, 7 saw-mills, i wool- 
carding establishment, 3 carriage and wagon manufactories and 3 furni- 
ture shops. The old loom is still in use, and a great many of the farmers 
dress in home-spun. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^3, 000, 000. f 

Railroads. — No completed railroad passes through Dade County, and 
this is the greatest want of the people. The Kansas City & Memphis 
Railroad has been mostly graded from Springfield to Greenfield. 

The Exports are wheat, corn, apples, cattle, horses, mules, hogs, 
sheep, hides and small quantities of coal. 

Educational Interests. — Public schools are well organized ; good 
buildings have been erected in nearly all the sub-districts, and competent 
teachers employed. 

Areola, (Pleasant Hill, Son's Creek,) 10 miles n. n. w. of Greenfield, 
has 3 stores, 2 blacksmith shops and i church — Methodist. Population 
about 75. 

Cedarville a thriving town 18 miles n. w. of Greenfield, has i store 
and I hotel. Population about 50. 

Cross Roads. — See Rock Prairie. 

* The Railroad Company requires 10 per cent, of purchase money 'at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix — Page 

t Assessed valuation in 1873, J2, 408,859. Taxation, ;fi.45 per Jioo. Bonded debt, f 200,000. 



iSi CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Dadeville, (Melville,) 12 miles n. e. of Greenfield, is an enterprising- 
town, surrounded by a rich country. During the Civil War it was 
almost entirely destroyed by the Confederates, who were followed in their 
fetreat, and routed in a fight near the Barton County line. It has about 
5 stores, I saddlery and harness, i cooper, 2 wagon and carriage and 
I cabinet and furniture shops, 1 mill, 2 hotels, 3 churches — Cumberland 
Presbyterian, Methodist and Christian, and i public school. Population, 
about 300. 

Davenport, a post-office 12 miles w. n. w. of Greenfield. 

Engleman's Mills, 7 miles e. n. e. of Greenfield, has i store, a 
flouring and saw-mill and i Cumberland Presbyterian church. 

GREENFIELD, the county seat, 40 miles w. n. w. of Springfield, 
beautifully situated near the center of the county, on the prairie 2 miles 
w. of Turnback River, is partly surrounded by forests of timber, and is in 
the midst of a rich agricultural district. The town was settled in 1841 
and incorporated in 1867. The place is well laid off, has a two-story brick 
court-house, in the center of a public square, which is adorned 
with locust shade-trees. There are 3 churches — Presbyterian, Cumber- 
land Presbyterian and Methodist, 2 substantial public school-houses 
and I private school — the Ozark Female Institute, 2 wagon and 
carriage factories, 2 furniture manufactories, 2 saddle and harness makers, 
3 tin, stove and hardware, 7 general and 3 drug stores, 2 hotels, 2 news- 
papers — The Gree7ifield Vidette, published by Griffith & Baer, and The 
Dade County Phoenix, published by M. Talbutt. Population, about 800. 
There are 2 mills near town. 

Johnson's Mill, a flouring and saw-mill, 7 miles n. e. of Greenfield. 

King's Point, a post-office 10 miles s. w. of Greenfield, has i store 
Population, about 30. 

Melville. — See Dadeville. 

Mt. Zion, 8 miles s. w. of Greenfield, has a mill, store, a good 
academy and i church — M. E. Ch. South. 

Pleasant Hill. — See Areola. 

Rock Prairie, (Cross Roads,) near a coal mine, 10 miles s. e. of 
Greenfield, has 2 stores, a pottery and a population of about 50. 

Son's Creek. — See Areola. 

Sylvania, 11 miles n. w. of Greenfield, was laid out by the Pennsyl- 
vania Company, who planted a colony in that neighborhood before the 
war. The site covers 160 acres, in the midst of the coal fields. 

Turnback, a post-office 9 miles s. of Greenfield. 



DALLAS COUNTY, 

In the south-west-central part of the State, is bounded north by Hickory 
and Camden Counties, east by Laclede, south by Webster and Greene, 
and west by Polk and Hickory Counties, and contains 344,611 acres. 

Population in 1850, 3,648; in i860, 5,892; in 1870, 8,383, of 
whom 8,294 were white, and 89 colored ; 4,279 male, and 4,104 female; 
5,321 native, (4,587 born in Missouri) and 62 foreign. 

History. — The Evans, Randleman, Reynolds and Williams families 
from Kentucky, settled in this county in 1837-38. They were soon fol- 
lowed by members of the Vanderford, Haines, Cox, Gregg, and Wilker- 
son families from Ohio, and later there were many settlers from New York, 
Pennsylvania and the New England States. 

A party of hunters, among whom was Samuel Griggsby, found on the 
prairie a skeleton head of a large buffalo, and placed it on a stake. It 
became a noted way-mark for hunters, travelers and immigrants, and 
gave to the surrounding region its name of Buffalo Head Prairie. 

The privations and hardships incident to pioneer life were manfully 
borne by the settlers of Buffalo Head Prairie. John Evans thought it no 
great hardship to go nearly to Springfield to grind his axe, and quite 
there — 33 miles — to buy a whetstone. Niangua County was organized in 
1842, and after some changes in its boundary, its name was, Dec. loth, 
1844, changed to Dallas. 

Physical Features. — The surface is varied from level and gently 
imdulating to rolling, and in the vicinity of the larger streams, it is broken 
and hilly. The Niangua enters the central-southern part of the county, 
(having in this section 3 important tributaries — Jones, Deusenbery and 
Greasy,) and flows northwardly to near the center, thence eastwardly 
until within a mile of the county line, when it turns again in a northerly 
direction. Adjacent to this stream is a series of rocky, timbered hills, 
coming up bold on one side, while on the other the fertile bottom lands 
spread out to various widths. The north-western part is well watered by 
Little Niangua and its tributaries and in every part of the county are 
springs. The streams abound in excellent fish and furnish abundant 
water power. 

About one-third of the county is prairie — the remainder is well tim- 
bered, the uplands with post, black, white, red, jack and black-jack 
oak; the bottoms with burr, Spanish and chinquapin oak, black and 
white walnut, hickory, ash, elm, cherry, maple, sycamore, etc. 

The soil is very fertile and adapted to a wide range of products. The 



1 84 CAMP BELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURI. 

black loam, the brown, the rich alluvial with clay subsoils, may be enu- 
merated as the leading varieties. Thousands of acres, mostly good land, 
were selected under the Swamp Land Act, the selections approved and 
the proceeds of the sales placed to the credit of the school fund. The 
richness of the soil, the salubrity of the climate, the picturesque and 
beautiful landscape, interspersed with excellent timber skirting the streams 
of pure and sparkling water, invited the frontiersman, and still invites the 
emigrant, to settle there. The Atlantic &: Pacific R. R. has about 1-2,000 
acres of prairie and timbered land in the county for sale at from ;^i.5o 
to ;^5.oo per acre on liberal terms*. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, rye, buckwheat, 
barley, oats, sorghum, ]jotatoes, vegetables, the grasses and tobacco. 
Som.e families raise their own supplies of cotton. Apples, pears, peaches, 
plums, cherries, and all the small fruits peculiar to this latitude, are grown 
in great abundance. 

Mineral Resources. — Lead is found in many places in the county. 
The Rambo mines, 12 miles north-east from Buffalo, discovered in 1868, 
have attracted the most attention, and are now being profitably worked. 
An iron bank has been discovered near Buffalo, and gives promise of 
being an important addition to the mineral interests of the county. In- 
dications of coal have been found, also, in different localities, and building 
stone is abundant. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of the usual complement 
of blacksmith and wagon shops, 5 steam and 6 water mills, and 4 card- 
ing machines. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $2,3oo,ooof 

Railroads. — The Laclede & Fort Scott R. R., the first 50 miles of 
which is graded, commencing at Lebanon, about 30 miles east of Buffalo, 
will run through the center of the county, east and west. For the build- 
ing of this road the county has issued ^235,000 of bonds. 

The Exports are Avheat, corn, tobacco, nursery stock, lead, horses, 
mules, hogs, cattle, sheep and peltries. 

Educational Interests. — There are, outside of Buffalo, 63 public and 
3 private schools, 65 school-houses (19 frame and 46 log) valued, with the 
grounds, at $7,680; furniture and apparatus, $524; total, $8,204. Total 
number of pupils, 2,509. Average salary per month paid to teachers — to 
men, $29,43; to women, $25,42. Average number of months taught in 
each school, 3^. 

Boyd, a post-office 11 miles s. of Buffalo. 

*The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix — Page 

fAssessed valuation for 1873, 11,378,123. Taxation, 51.05 per #xoo. Bonded debt, ^235,000. Float- 
ing debt, ^10,000. 



DALLAS COUNTY. 185 

BUFFALO, the county seat, on the proposed L. & F. S. R. R,, 
30 miles w. of Lebanon, is beautifully situated on an eminence at the 
eastern edge of the prairie, and from a western approach presents a rare 
and picturesque appearance. It was located by Joseph F. Miles, who 
built the first house in 1839, and has lived there in single blessedness 
ever since. He was born in New York, of Irish parents, Feb. i8th, 1770, 
and now, (1874) at 104 years of age, has not a grey hair in his head, and 
can read artd write very well without glasses. He has met with several 
serious accidents ; at one time having his arm, leg and ribs broken. In 
consequence of this, one leg is 2^ inches shorter than the other, but he 
is hale and hearty, and challenges the world at singing, dancing, or 
playing the violin, for the sum of ^500. What county will accept the 
challenge? 

The town was incorporated in 1854, and again in 1870, and has a 
population of about 650. Its buildings are well and tastefully constructed, 
and nestle around and near the square, in which stands an elegant and 
substantial court-house, designed by Dr. E. Hovey while superintendent 
of the public buildings in 1868. The old court-house was burned durijig 
the Civil War, Oct. i8th, 1863, by the Confederates, and July 30th, 
1864, and again Sept. 3d, 1867 ; two other houses, used for judicial pur- 
poses, shared the same fate. In the burning of the second house the 
county records were destroyed ; they were replaced, and in the destruction 
of the third building were again lost. The records have been for the third 
time replaced and lodged in the fire-proof vaults of the new court-house. 

The county fair grounds, ^ of a mile west of the court-house, are 
Avell laid off and supplied with all necessary buildings. The last fair 
showed an increased interest, and the blooded stock and farm products 
would have done no discredit to many of the older counties. 

The Methodists and Baptists own one church in common. The Pres- 
byterians are building a church to be worth about ;^ 1,5 00. The graded 
school is organized under the special school law, and is kept in session 
from 30 to 44 weeks every year. There is a separate school for colored 
children. There are in the place 13 stores, 2 wagon, 2 saddle and har- 
ness shops, 2 hotels, i steam flouring-mill and i newspaper — The Reflex^ 
A. W. Carson editor and publisher. 

Cross Plains. — See Woodhill. 

Dick's Creek, a post-office 14 miles n. e. of Buffalo. 

Friendship Community, 4 miles w. of Buffalo, was incorporated 
March 15th, 1872. It was founded by Alcander Lohgley, editor of The 
Communist, a monthly paper devoted to social reform. The Community 
owns 500 acres of good land (300 prairie and 200 woodland), on which the 
members live as one family, and on which they are at present engaged in 
farming and fruit and stock-raising. The members, men and women, 
have equal rights and own all things in common. Its affairs are admin- 



i86 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

istered by officers, who must receive the votes of three-fourths of the 
members. No interference is made with the religious, political or other 
opinions of its members, nor with marriage or family relations. 

Forkner's Hill, a post-office 3^ miles w. of Conway, and 15 miles s. 
e. of Buffalo. 

Long Lane, a post-office 12 miles e. of Buffalo. 

Louisburgh, (formerly Round Prairie,) 9 miles n. w. of Buffalo, has 
2 stores. 

Round Prairie. — See Louisburgh. 

Spring Grove, a post-office 9 miles s. e. of Buffalo. 

Urbana, 15 miles n. w. of Buffalo, is a thriving village with 3 stores 
and the best private high school in the county. 

"Woodhill, (formerly Cross Plains,) a post-office 8 miles n. e. of 
Buffalo. 



DAVIESS COUNTY, 

In the north-western part of the State, is bounded -north by Harrison 
County, east by Grundy and Livingston, south by Caldwell, and west by 
DeKalb and Gentry Counties, and contains 358,601 acres. 

Population. — In 1840, 2,736; in 1850, 5,298; in i860, 9,606; in 
1870, 14,410, of whom 14,086 were white and 324 colored; 7,497 male 
and 6,913 female; 14,167 native (7,044 born in Missouri,) and 243 
foreign. 

History. — The first settlements were made in 1831, near the center 
of the county, by the Stones, Stokes, Creekmores, Duvals and Pennis- 
tons; in the north-east by Auberry and Netherton, and in the south-east 
by the Weldons, McHaneys, McDows, Woods, Traspers, Smiths, Taylors, 
and Splawns ; others came in a little later, and settled in various parts of 
the county. The county was organized, from part of Ray, December 
29th, 1836, and named in honor of Col. Jo. Daviess, of Kentucky. 
The first circuit court was held in July, 1837, at the cabin 
of E. B. Creekmore ; A. A. King on the bench, J. B. Turner clerk, 
Wm. Bowman sheriff. The grand jury held their deliberations in a 
hazel thicket, and within one hour returned one indictment, and were 
discharged. 

The Mormons went there in 1836, and built many cabins throughout 
the county. On the east bluffs of Grand River, about three miles above 
Gallatin, they built a town and called it Diamond, declaring that at that 
place they had found the grave of " Old Father Adam." The lawless ele- 
ment among them practiced their thieving propensities, and earned the 
ill-will of the settlers, who heartily co-operated in driving them from the 
country in 1838. Diamond, then containing a population of 500, sur- 
rendered to the State militia under Gen. Doniphan and a partial restitution 
of the property stolen was made by the Mormons. Before they surren- 
dered they had burned the town of Gallatin, and many houses through- 
out the county. (For legal proceedings against the Mormons, see page 
88.) The court-house, built of brick in 1840, was a fine building for 
that time, and is still occupied. 

Physical Features. — The face of the country is about equally 
divided between gently rolling prairie and fine timber lands. Besides 
the numerous springs, there is an abundance of stock water. Grand 
River runs through the county from the north-west to the south-east, 
having many branches on either side, the principal ones being Muddy, 
Hickory, Cypress, Big, Sampson, Grindstone and Honey Creeks. 



i88 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

The soil is a rich sandy loam, mixed with vegetable mold, and is next 
to the bottom lands in fertility; standing well the drouth to which west- 
ern lands are subject. There is an abundance of timber, consisting of 
the various kinds of oak, together with walnut of the finest quality, elm,, 
hickory, maple, cottonwood, hackberry, sycamore, locust, etc. 

The Agricultural Productions are principally wheat, corn, oats 
and stock. Rye, barley, sorghum, buckwheat, hay, potatoes, etc., are 
produced in large quantities. The county has an annual average of 
100,000 bushels wheat, 700,000 bushels of corn, and 250,000 bushels of 
oats. Fruit in great variety finds a genial soil and climate, and annually 
there are hundreds of teams from Iowa to this county, on a pil- 
grimage for apples. The county owns considerable swamp lands of good 
quality. Nearly all the land in the county is susceptible of cultivation, 
and 120,000 acres are already improved. 

Minerals. — The county has a fine quality of building stone, and there 
is probably a deep lying stratum of coal, and there are some indications, 
of silver. Mines are now being opened for this metal, and great expect- 
ations are indulged. 

Manufacturing is yet in its infancy, but producing annually to the 
amount of $30,000. Grand River and its tributaries furnish fine water 
power, and a number of flouring and saw-mills have been built upoa 
them. 

^^^ealth. — Valuation of the county, per census of 1870, $9,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The Chicago & Southwestern branch of the Chicago,, 
Rock Island & Pacific, and the St. Louis & Omaha R. R.'ds traverse the 
county in the form of an X from corner to corner, and crossing each 
other near the center, making 55 miles of track and 8 stations in the 
county. There is a railroad debt of $360,000, which is now in litigation. 
The Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. runs in Caldwell County near the 
southern boundary of Daviess, sometimes approaching within a half mile 
of the county. 

The Educational facilities are good and improving. The public 
school building, at Gallatin, is a very fine structure, and the school-houses 
throughout the county are good. There are 90 schools, with an enume- 
ration of 5,662 pupils. 

The Exports are wheat, corn, oats, cattle, horses and hogs. 

Alta Vista is 4 miles n. of Winstonville. Pop., about 140. 

Bancroft is a thriving place 10 miles n. of Jamesport. Population,. 

about 150. 

Civil Bend, in a rich farming district, is quite a business place, 7 
miles s. of Pattonsburg. Population, 100. 

•Assessed valuation for 1873, ^'^,^o5,33S. Taxation, $2.25 per Jioo. Bonded debt, ^20,000. Float- 
ing debt, f 10,000. 



DAVIESS COUNTY. 189 

Coffeysburg (Salem) is 8 miles n. of Jameson. Pop., about 150. 
Crittenden, a post-office 7 miles n. w. of Jamesport. 
GALLATIN was selected for the county seat by commissioners, and 
laid out in 1837. It is situated on high ground, at the edge of the tim^ 
ber, and about i mile west of Grand River; it is on the south-western 
division of the C. R. I. & P. R. R., 453 miles from Chicago, 76 miles from 
Leavenworth, and 21 miles north-east of Cameron; on the St. L. & O. 
line it is 249 miles from St. Louis, and 24 miles north-west of Chillicothe. 
Gallatin has a beautiful location, good well and spring water, and is very 
healthy. Its business houses are mostly substantial brick, two or three 
stories high, and of modern style of architecture. There are 2 banks, 2 
printing offices, 5 dry goods stores, 5 groceries, 3 drug stores, 2 hardware 
store-s, 2 boot and shoe stores, i merchant tailor, 2 wagon shops, i axe- 
handle manufactory, etc. The public school building, the pride of the 
place, is a fine three story brick, exceedingly convenient and ornamental, 
with a bell that can be distinctly heard a distance of 5 miles. The build- 
ing for the colored school is a frame of moderate pretensions. There are 
4 churches (worth ^2,000 each) — Congregational, Methodist, Cumber- 
land Presbyterian, and Christian. The Baptists have just laid the found- 
ation for a good building ; the Old School Presbyterians worship in the 
court-house, and the colored Methodists in their school-house. Popula- 
tion, about 1,600. 

Jackson, a station on the Omaha Branch of the St. L. , K. C. & N. 
R. W., 8 miles s. e. of Gallatin. 

Jamesport, on the South-western Branch of the C, R. I. & P. R. R., 
10 miles n. e. of Gallatin, is finely situated upon a high rolling prairie, 
and is the place of business for a large scope of rich farming country. 
Population, about 400. 

Jameson, on the Omaha Branch of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 8 
miles n. w. of Gallatin, ships a great deal of stock, is in a well settled 
country, has some 200 inhabitants, and is the principal railroad station 
for Bethany, and a large part of Harrison County. 

Lock Spring, on the ©maha Branch of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W. 
13 miles s. e. of Gallatin, is improving rapidly. 

New Farmington, on the South-western Branch of the C. R. I. & 
P. R. R., 6 miles w. of Gallatin. 

Pattonsburg, the present terminus of the Omaha Branch of the St. 
L, K. C. & N. R. W., 16 miles n. w. of Gallatin, is a brisk town of 
about 200 inhabitants. 

Salem. — See Coffeysburg. 

Santa Rosa, a post-office 15 miles w. n. w. of Gallatin. 

Victoria, 3 miles n. of Winstonville. Population, 120. 

Winstonville, a station on the South-western Branch C. R. I. & P. R. 
R., 1 1 miles s. w. of Gallatin, is surrounded by a good country. Pop. 125. 



DE KALB COUNTY, 

In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by Gentry 
County, east by Daviess and Caldwell, south by Clinton, and west by 
Buchanan and Andrew Counties, and contains 263,608 acres. 

Population in 1850, 2,075; in i860, 5,224; in 1870, 9,858, of 
whom 9,736 were white and 122 colored; 5,277 male and 4,581 female; 
9,255 native (4,022 born in Missouri) and 603 foreign. 

History. — The first settlements in this county were made in 1833 i^ 
the south-eastern portion. Among the first settlers were the Hodges, 
Hudsons, Thompsons, Grants, Parrots and McPhersons, from Tennessee ; 
the . Ritchies, Redmans, Bacons and Venables, from Kentucky ; the 
Coens, Sloans, Johnsons and Harpers, from Ohio, and the Shambaughs 
from Virginia; from the older counties of the State came the Roberts, 
Shannons, Stephens, Halls, and several families of Smiths. 

The boundaries of De Kalb were established Jan. 5th, 1843, and the 
county organized Feb. 25th, 1845. During the late Civil War partisan 
feeling ran very high in this section ; some persons were driven from the 
county for voting for Lincoln, and several clergymen were tarred and 
feathered for "meddling with politics." During the entire war the 
county was infested by guerrillas, who plundered and murdered ruth- 
lessly. For about two years there was scarcely a civil officer in the county 
who dared to do his duty, but with peace, law and order were restored, 
and the desperadoes driven out. 

Physical Features. — The surface is undulating and diversified by 
prairie and woodland. The county is well watered by Big Third Fork, 
Little Third Fork, Castile, Grindstone and Lost Creeks, and numer- 
ous smaller streams, all of which are bordered by a fine growth of 
oak, walnut, hickory, hackberry, elm, soft maple, cottonwood and ash. 
About one-fifth of the land is well timbered. The soil is generally good; 
the creek bottoms are exceedingly rich, and there is no part that 
will not yield a good return for the labor bestowed. Almost all the 
creeks are well bridged and the roads are generally excellent. 

The Agricultural Productions are chiefly corn, oats, wheat and 
timothy. The county is well adapted to stock-raising, and much blooded 
stock has been imported. 

The first Durhams were brought in 1857, and large additions have 
since been made. An improved breed of hogs was introduced about 1855, 
and now the hogs of this county are equal to any in the State. Fruit 
succeeds well, but comparatively little attention is given to its culture. 



192 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Klineral Resources. — Several quarries of good building stone have 
been opened, and the entire county is underlaid with coal. 

The Manufacturing Interests are almost entirely undeveloped. 
They consist of a few grist and saw-mills, with the necessary number of 
wagon and blacksmith shops, etc. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^5,ooo,ooo.* 

Railroads. — The Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. has about 9 miles of 
track on the extreme southern border of the county, and the Chicago, 
Rock Island & Pacific R. R. has about 5 miles in the south-eastern corner. 

The Exports are hogs, cattle, mules, corn, oats, wheat, etc. 

Educational Interests. — Public schools are established throughout 
the county, and are in a flourishing condition. In several of the larger 
towns there are good graded schools in substantial buildings. For 
several years a seminary has been in successful operation at Stewartsville. 

Amity, 5 miles s. w. of Maysville, has i church and i school-house. 

Arica, 8 miles s. e. of Maysville, has i store and i steam grist ■and 
saw-mill. 

Boxford, 15 miles s. w. of Maysville, has i store. 

Fairport, 8 miles n. of Maysville, has i store. 

Greenleaf, a post-office 8 miles n. w. of Maysville. 

McCartney's Cross Road, 8 miles s. w. of Maysville, has i store. 

MAYSVILLE, the county seat,iomiles n. of Osborn, is pleasantly 
situated on a high ridge, and can be seen for miles from all directions. 
It was settled in 1845, ^^^ ^^^ ^ good court-house and public school 
building, 3 churches — Baptist, Christian and Methodist; 7 stores, 12 
shops, I newspaper — The Register, published by Schrader & Butt — and 
is a thriving town. Population about 800. 

Osborn, on the H. & St. J. R. R. , 5 miles w. of Cameron, has a 
population of about 400, and is an important shipping point. About 
one-fourth of this town is in Clinton Co, The business portion, however, 
is in De Kalb. It has 5 stores and i lumber yard. 

Stanard, 10 miles w. of Maysville, has i store. 

Ste-wartsville, on the H. & St. J. R. R,, 14 miles w. of Cameron, is 
a pleasantly situated and thriving town, on the west side of Castile Creek, 
and has i good public school with a new and commodious building, i 
seminary, 8 church organizations — Baptist, Christian, Presbyterian, M, 
E. Ch., M, E, Ch. South, Presbyterian, Colored Baptist and Colored 
Methodist, and 3 church edifices — M. E, Ch., Union (occupied by the 
Cumberland Presbyterians, M. E, Ch. South & Presbyterians) and Colored 
25 stores, 2 lumber yards, i grist and saw-mill and i nursery. Pop., 900. 

Union Star, 15 miles n. w. of Maysville, has 2 stores. 
^Vinslo■w, 10 miles n. w. of Maysville, has i store. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ^2,531,961. Taxation, ^1.15 per Jioo. Bonded debt, ^2485. 



DENT COUNTY, 

In the south-east-central part of the State, is bounded north by Phelps and 
Crawfo^-d Counties, east by Crawford, Iron and Reynolds, south by Shan- 
non and Texas, and west by Texas and Phelps, and contains 558,720 
acres. 

Population.— In i860, 5,654; in 1870, 6,357, of whom 6,326 were 
white and 31 colored; 3,256 male and 3,101 female; 6,253 native 
(3,573 born in Missouri,) and 104 foreign. 

History. — It cannot be definitely ascertained who was the first settler 
in this county, but it is known that George Cole of St. Louis, who located 
on a branch of the Maramec River in 1828, was the first man who 
cleared and cultivated a farm within the present limits. The next settlers 
were William Thornton, Daniel Trotman, and D. M. Wooliver, who 
removed from Tennessee in 1829. Elisha Nelson, Jerry Potts, Ephraim 
Bressic, Abner Wingfield and Robert Leonard arrived a year or two later. 
Lewis Dent, in honor of whom the county was named, may also be 
classed among the early settlers. He removed from Tennessee in 1835, 
and was elected the first representative of the county in 1852. In the 
early history of the county there was not a mill, store or post-office 
nearer than 100 miles, and the sufferings and privations of the settlers 
were almost incredible. Not unfrequently the necessities of life had to 
be obtained in St. Louis, and conveyed to the settlement on horseback, 
through a pathless forest, in mid-winter. In the absence of mills, a con- 
trivance for the manufacture of corn-meal and hominy consisted of a hole 
burnt in the top of a stump, and an iron wedge. This device was event- 
ually superseded by the mortar and pestle, and these in turn by mills of a 
rude and primitive character. Dent County was organized from parts of 
Crawford and Shannon February loth, 1851, de-organized December ist, 
1855, and re-organized three days later. The growth of the county, from 
its earliest settlement to the commencement of the Civil War, was slow but 
constant. During the war, however, most of the citizens fled, and left the 
county nearly depopulated. It was the scene of two regular engagements 
and innumerable skirmishes. In August, 1861, Col. Freeman, with a con- 
siderable force of Confederate troops, was defeated with heavy loss near 
Springer's Mill, in the eastern part of the county. The same officer, 
with a regiment of cavalry, attacked Col. Bowen's troops near Salem, on 
the night of December 3d, 1861, and was again defeated. This was the last 
military exploit of the redoubtable Freeman in that part of the State, 



194 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 

though small detachments of his army made occasional forays into the 
county and carried off much valuable property. 

Physical Features. — The surface is diversified. In the western 
part, from the northern boundary to the head waters of the Current River, 
the land is comparatively level. Proceeding eastward, the land gradu- 
ally rises to an irregular ridge, bordering the western shore of Dry Fork. 
From thence to the eastern boundary it is generally rolling, and in some 
places, quite hilly. The whole is an elevated table land, rising from 
800 to 1,000 feet above the level of the sea. The Ozark Range, 
passes east and west through the county, and divides the waters 
which enter the Missouri River from those which flow into the 
Arkansas. This "divide" descends gradually toward the Missouri, 
and the streams which flow in that direction are deep and sluggish, 
while those flowing south have a more abrupt descent, and are 
consequently rapid, and frequently broken by falls. Current River, 
which rises near the Texas County line, flows with great rapidity 
along the southern border of the county, through a rough and broken 
country; many of the hills rise to great heights, 'and crossing the Cur- 
rent, present bold and lofty faces along the margin of that stream. The 
top of the divide is formed of the 2d sandstone of the Missouri Geolog- 
ical Survey, and under this the 3d magnesian limestone. The stratum of 
sandstone is from 60 to 100 feet thick, and is covered with a yellow pine 
forest. On the south side of the main divide, between the water courses, 
are some extensive white-oak groves. The south-eastern part of the county 
is hilly, with many abrupt elevations. Pleasant Valley, at the head of 
Maramec River, is principally prairie, interspersed with oak openings, 
with a good depth of clay over the sandstone, and soil generally produc- 
tive. ' Gladden Valley, in the southern part of the county, is a range of 
upland country with oak openings, and small prairies. The timber con- 
sists of hickory, oak, black walnut, yellow pine, etc. The principal 
water courses are the Maramec, Current, and Sinking Rivers, Dry Fork, 
Pigeon, and Big Creeks. Most of these streams are fed by springs, and 
aff"ord abundance of water power. Spring Creek, which traverses the 
central part of the county, is also a stream of some importance. The 
soil, except on the most elevated hills, is good, and well suited to the 
purposes of agriculture. The river and creek bottoms are very fertile. 
Near the head waters of the Maramec, and in the valley, are hundreds of 
Indian mounds, stretching up and down the valley, and laid off" into reg- 
ular squares. These were probably erected as a protection against water, 
for tent locations. 

In Agriculture the cereal crops exhibit a fair average, and tobacco, 
potatoes and rye are extensively grown. About 150,000 acres of superior 
lands are yet uncultivated, most of which is offered for sale at from $3, 
to $6 per acre. 



DENT COUNTY, 195 

The Mineral Wealth of Dent County is very great, consisting of 
iron, lead, copper and zinc, the immense iron deposits being especially 
valuable. Blue specular and red hematite ores of superior quality, and 
inexhaustible in quantity, are found almost everywhere along the Ozark 
Range. Some 30 banks, aggregating at least 10,000,000 tons of ore, 
have already been discovered. The most extensive of these is the " Sim- 
mons Iron Mountain," situated about i mile s. w. from Salem, owned by 
Judge C. C. Simmons, of St. Louis, and Crawford & Scott, of Penn- 
sylvania. This is one of the largest, if not the largest, deposit of specu- 
lar ore in the central iron district. It is a nearly isolated hill, covering 
about 30 acres and about 90 feet above the surrounding plateau. The 
main body of the hill seems to be composed of second sandstone, which, 
on the surface of the south and south-western sides, near the base, is 
mixed with chert. Higher up it is mixed with specular surface ore which 
extends over a very large district, increasing in frequency and size toward 
the summit, where it occurs in bowlders, several feet in diameter. The 
position and extent of the main deposit is an elliptical district, about 400 
feet wide and 500 feet long, enclosing the summit and being very thickly 
covered with surface ore. The shafts are sunk near the limits of the 
deposit, and the fact that none of them has reached the clay at a less 
depth than 30 feet, proves that the walls of the pocket are nearly vertical, 
and point to a great thickness of the ore in the central portion of the deposit. 
This and other banks are now being extensively worked, and the daily 
shipments are nearly 500 tons. 

The Manufactures consist chiefly of flour, tobacco, lumber and 
wagons. The county enjoys many advantages, which must eventually 
result in the developement of this source of wealth. 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $1,900,000.* 

Railroads. — The St. Louis, Salem & Little Rock R. R., which forms 
a junction with the Atlantic & Pacific R. R. at Cuba, in Crawford County, 
and terminates at Salem, has 15 miles of track in Dent County. Its 
chief business, at present, is transporting the iron ore of the county to 
market. It will probably be extended to the southern border of the State, 
and thence to Little Rock, 

The Exports are grain, stock and iron ore — the latter being by far 
the heaviest item. 

Education. — The character of the public schools throughout the 
county reflects credit upon those intrusted with the school interests. The 
public school building in Salem is a large two-story brick, costing 
;^ 10,000. The Salem Academy has a good local reputation and is well 
patronized. 

Benton, a station on the St. L., S. & L. R. R. R., 10 m. n.* of Salem. 

•Assessed valuation in 1873, $1,674,287. Taxation, |i.s5 per Jioo. Bonded debt, $107,000. 



196 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

Celina, a post-office 9 miles n. w. of Salem. 

Howes, astation on the St. L., S. & L. R. R. R., 6 miles n.o<" Salem. 

Howe's Mill, a post-office 16 miles e. of Salem. 

Lake Spring, a post-office 1 1 miles n. w. of Salem. 

Montauk, a post-office 14 miles s. w. of Salem. 

Nursery Hill, a post-office 8 miles s. w. of Salem. 

SALEM, the county seat, and principal town, situated on high 
rolling ground, near the center of the county, has a population of about 
1,200. It was settled in 1852, and incorporated in 1859. The manu- 
factories are a steam flouring-mill, i planing-mill, 2 wagon shops and a 
tobacco factory. There are 2 newspapers — The Monitor, Wingo & Organ, 
editors and proprietors, and The Success, published by a stock company, 
and edited by B. F. Russell — W.T. Stepp, business manager; 2 churches 
— Union and Christian, and about 20 stores. The population of Salem 
nearly doubled during 1873, and the town bids fair to become, at no 
distant day, an important commercial center. 

Short Bend, a post-office 10 miles n. e. of Salem. 

Twane, a post-office 7 miles e. s. e. of Salem. 

Winston, a post-office 7 miles s. s. e. of Salem. 



DOUGLAS COUNTY, 

In the southern part of the State, is bounded north by Webster, Wright, 
and Texas Counties, east by Howell, south by Ozark and Taney, and 
west by Christian County, and contains 495,360 acres. 

Population in i860, 2,414; in 1870, 3,915 of whom 3,888 were 
white, and 27 colored; 1,941 male, and 1,974 female; 3,905 native, 
(2,353 horn in Missouri) and 10 foreign. 

History. — This county was organized Oct. 19th, 1857, and named in 
honor of Hon. Stephen A. Douglas. Feb. 5th, 1864, territory was taken 
from Taney and Webster and added to Douglas, and its boundaries were 
again defined January nth, 1872. 

Physical Features. — The face of the country is broken, and heavily 
timbered with black, white, red and post oak, yellow pine, cedar, black 
walnut, sugar maple, hackberry, linn, mulberry, ash, etc. The central 
portion of the county is watered by Bryant's Fork of White River, and 
its branches, Dry, Fox, Brush, Rippens, Hunters.' Fork of Bryant's, Bill, 
Mack and Bryant's Creeks; the eastern part by the North Fork of White 
River and its tributaries, Hungry, Indian and Spring Creeks; the western 
part by Big Beaver and its affluents. Bear, Spring, Prairie, Cow Skin and 
Honey Creeks ; also by Little Beaver in the western part. The soil is 
generally good, though some of the hills are sterile. The valleys are 
wonderfully rich, and grow fine crops of corn, but wheat succeeds best 
on the uplands. Douglas County, being situated on the south side of the 
Ozark Range of mountains, is well adapted to the culture of fruits. Great 
quantities of apples, peaches and pears are grown every year. Grapes 
have not yet been fairly tried, and but little attention has been paid to 
the culture of the grasses, as the hills and the valleys furnish an abund- 
ance of pasturage. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, stock and fruits. 
The native or scrub breeds of cattle are raised to a large extent, and are 
generally small for want of proper care in breeding and raising. The 
horses are of a somewhat better grade, and among them some fine blooded 
animals. The hogs are a mixture of different breeds, there are large 
numbers in the county which are raised with but little care and attention 
from their owners. 

Mineral Resources. — In many parts of this county both iron and 
lead have been found in seemingly large quantities, but not developed. 

The Manufacturing Interests are such as are common to a new 
country — a few grist and saw-mills and blacksmith shops. 



ipS CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $1,000,000.* 

The Exports are lumber, stock, corn and wheat. 

Educational Interests. — The county superintendent in his annual 
feport, says, "Educational prospects still seem gloomy, but some 
of us who are sanguine, think that we already see the beginning of a 
brighter day. There is a decided improvement in some sections, and a 
better feeling prevails in regard to the school law. The main difficulty 
lies in the sparsely settled condition of the county. Large sections are 
still unorganized on that account. Several new districts have been orga- 
nized, and several new school-houses built during the past year." 

Arno, a post-office 5 miles w. of Ava. 

AVA, the county seat, 30 miles s. e. of Marshfield, delightfully situ- 
ated about 10 miles w. of Bryant's Fork, has a court-house and 2 stores. 

Beaver, a post-office 6 miles n. w. of Ava. 

Falling Springs, 20 miles e. of Ava. 

Heth, a post-office 10 miles s. w. of Vera Cruz. 

Little Beaver, 15 miles s. w. of Ava. 

Pry Of 's Store, 12 miles s. w. of Ava. 

Richville, 35 miles s. e. of Ava. 

Salt Road, 10 miles s. of Ava. 

Vera Cruz, the former county seat, situated on Bryant's Fork of 
White River, 10 miles s. e. of Ava, has 2 excellent saw-mills and i gen- 
eral store. 



♦Assessed valuation 1111873, $488,401. Taxation, Ji.oo per Jioo. Bonded debt, 10,000. Floating 
debt, $5,000. 



DUNKLIN COUNTY, 

In the extreme south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by 
Stoddard County, east by New Madrid and Pemiscot, and south and 
west by Arkansas, and contains about 110,799 acres. 

Population in 1850, 1,229; in i860, 5,026; in 1870, 5,982, of 
whom 5,816 were white, and 166 colored ; 3,092 male, and 2,890 female ; 
5,958 native (2,410 born in Missouri) and 24 foreign. 

History. — Dunklin, Pemiscot, and a small portion of New Madrid 
geographically belong to Arkansas, and when Missouri was admitted, 
they were left south of it. But the settlers of this section, who had been 
among the earliest pioneers on the western bank of the Mississippi, and 
were closely allied, in many ways, with the people of the district of Cape 
Girardeau, were so urgent in their request to be admitted within the 
boundaries of the State, that this portion of territory was finally added. 
The first settlers were generally hunters and trappers from the older States, 
but they have passed away, and their places have been filled by poor and 
somewhat unlettered, but generally energetic, people. J. C. McMasters, 
the first constable of the county, is still living, although quite aged. 

Dunklin County was organized Feb. 14th, 1845. Since the close of 
the war, the population has rapidly increased. There is a family on 
nearly every 40 acres of dry land. Schools and churches are springing 
up everywhere, and the laws are well administered. The people are 
working bravely to free themselves from debt, but the health of the county 
can only be improved by a proper system of drainage. 

Physical Features. — The north-western part of the county is rolling 
— Croly's Ridge passing through it. Of the remainder about one-sixth is 
prairie, about one-half swamp, and the rest high and well timbered. 
About one-third of the arable land is under cultivation. St. Francis 
River lies on the entire western boundary, and White Water River is in 
the eastern part ; there are also numerous lakes and bayous. The soil is 
very rich. This county was severely injured by the earthquake of 
1811-12, since which time a great portion of it has been swamp land. 

The Agricultural Productions are cotton, corn, oats, rye, potatoes, 
pea-nuts and fruits. Dunklin raises more cotton than any other county 
in the State. In this county the C, A. & T. R. R. have for sale about 
9,000 acres of land, and Mr. Thomas Allen has about 95,000 acres.* 

Manufacturing Interests are but little developed, and consist of a 

*For prices, terms and full particulars, see Appendix — Page 



2oa CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

few blacksmith shops, several cotton gins, and a small wagon shop at 
Clarkton. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^i, 650,000.* 

Exports. — Cotton is the chief export. 

Educational. — There are only a few private schools, and the public 
school system is bitterly opposed by most of the wealthier class. 

Clarkton, beautifully situated on West Prairie, 16 miles n. of Kennett 
and 28 miles from Dexter City, on the C, A. & T. R. R., has i church, 
I school, 2 hotels, i wagon and i cabinet shop, i drug, i grocery and 
5 dry goods stores, i mill and cotton gin, and about 350 inhabitants. 

Cotton Hill, 26 miles n. of Kennett, has i drug store, i private school 
and I large cotton gin. 

Four Mile, 28 miles n. w. of Kennett, has 3 stores. Population 
about 150. 

Cotton Plant, 10 miles s. of Kennett, has i store, i large cotton gin 
and I planing-mill. 

Hornersville, 20 miles s. of Kennett, has 3 stores. 

KENNETT, the county seat, 41 miles s. of Dexter, has about 250 
inhabitants, with i church, i family grocery and 4 dry goods stores. 
The court-house was burned in 1S71. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ^649,840. Bonded debt, $58,000. 



FRANKLIN COUNTY, 

In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by the Missouri River 
— which separates it from Warren and St. Charles, east by St. Louis and 
Jefferson, south by Washington and Crawford, and west by Gasconade 
County, and contains 560,338 acres. 

Population in 1820, 2,379; in 1830, 3,484; in 1840, 7,515; in 
1850, 11,0213 in i860, 18,085; in 1870,30,098, of whom 27,925 were 
white and 2,173 colored; 15,769 male and ^4,329 female; 23,383 native 
(17,626 born in Missouri) and 6,715 foreign. 

History. — The French trappers and hunters traversed this region at a 
very early period, and gave names, which are still borne, to many of the 
streams. A few of these adventurers, in the latter part of the eighteenth 
century, settled within the present limits of the county and obtained 
valuable land grants from the Spanish Government, which were afterward 
confirmed by the U. S. Government. 

Daniel Boone with some of his companions lived for several years in 
this county, previous to 1803, when he removed to Warren Co. Among 
those who remained were the Roaks, Coalsers, Kincaids, Maupins and 
others. 

In 18 1 8, Franklin was erected from St. Louis Co., and for 2 years the 
Gasconade River was its western boundary, and the present county of 
Gasconade one of its principal townships. The county seat was located 
by the commissioners, Wm. Laughlin, David Edwards and Thomas 
Buckner at New Port, but in 1830 it was removed to Union. The first 
court was held Jan. ist, 1819, at the house of Hartley Sappington, a 
short distance above Washington, — Joseph Reeves and James Higgins, 
justices, and Benoni Sappington, sheriff. 

Isaac Murphy was appointed to keep a ferry on the Misssouri, and gave 
5500 bonds to pass horses at 50 cents each and foot passengers at 25 cents; 
and Edward Simon, to keep a ferry over the Gasconade at half the above 
rates. Thos. Henry was appointed surveyor. 

The county settled up slowly, at first with emigrants from Kentucky 
and Virginia, but later the tide of German immigration set in this direc- 
tion, and now one-half of the inhabitants are of German birth or descent. 

During the Civil War the mass of the people remained loyal to the 
Government, and the county was not seriously disturbed, except during 
the few days of Gen. Price's raid. 

Physical Features. — The general surface of the country is undulat- 
ing, but in some portions it is hilly and broken, and in the southern part 



202 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

even mountainous. The ridge passing from the west line of the county 
in an east-north-easterly direction, separates the affluents of the Missouri 
from the tributaries and sub-tributaries of the Mississippi. North of this 
ridge is an undulating country watered by Berger, Boeuf, St. John, 
Dubois, Labadie and Tavern Creeks. The central portion is occupied 
by the rich valleys of the Maramec and Bourbeuse (Muddy) Rivers. These 
are rapid streams whose banks frequently rise to the height of 300 feet, 
almost perpendicular from the water's edge. The Maramec enters 
the central-southern part of the county and flows in a north-easterly course, 
receiving the Bourbeuse on the west and from the south-eastern part of the 
county (which is exceedingly rough and broken), Indian Creek, Little 
Maramec, Calvey Creek and other small streams. There are, especially 
in the southern portion, many large springs, some of which furnish 
excellent water power. The county is well timbered with the various 
kinds of oak, black-jack, hickory, elm, ash, etc. The soil is generally 
good, and the valleys exceedingly rich. The hills and a portion of the 
uplands are rocky and gravelly, but much of the land that has been con- 
sidered unproductive, now supports a fine growth of young timber. 

There are a number of interesting caves near the Maramec River which 
have not yet been fully explored. 

The Agricultural Productions are tobacco, corn, wheat, oats, 
rye, grass and live stock. Corn averages about 40 bushels to the acre, 
and wheat about 15. The quality of the tobacco is not surpassed by any 
raised in the Mississippi Valley. Blue grass is indigenous to the soil, and 
timothy and clover are extensively grown. Apple and peach orchards 
are numerous; cherries and most of the small fruits succeed well, and 
there are over a half a million of grapevines now in bearing. The Atlantic 
& Pacific R. R. has 12,000 acres of land in this county for sale at prices 
ranging from 1^2.50 to $5.00 per acre.* 

The Mineral Resources, although but little developed, are, un- 
doubtedly, very great. The lead mines, even under the old system of 
mining, have yielded very largely, and, as new processes are introduced, 
will prove the source of immense wealth. The Virginia mines, 4^ miles 
south-east of St. Clair, situated on a section of school land, were long 
leased for mining purposes, and the records show that ;^ 7 20, 000 worth 
of ore has been taken out, more than $72,000 of which were paid as 
royalty to the school fund. These mines are now owned by the Virginia 
Lead Mining Company, and are being successfully worked. Numerous 
mines, among which may be mentioned Mount Hope, Creswell, Darby, 
Evans, Cove, Golconda, Skinner, Gill, Harrington, Silver, Hallow, 



*The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix — Page 



FRANKLIN COUNTY. 203 

Thomas, Elliot, Hamilton, Patton, Nichols and Wengler mines, are 
being developed along the Maramec, from the Moselle to the Crawford 
County line. Large deposits of iron ore are found near Moselle and Iron 
Hill, and can be traced along the Atlantic & Pacific R. R. to Crawford 
County. These deposits along the Maramec and Bourbeuse Rivers seem 
to be the extension of what is known as the St, James Iron Bank in 
Phelps County, and it is probable that they extend through the whole 
width of the valleys of the Maramec and the Bourbeuse. Iron is mined 
at Moselle, and the blast furnace at this point gives occupation to about 
300 hands. White sand is found at Pacific, -and at many points on the 
Bourbeuse, and is extensively shipped to Pittsburg, Pa. Fire clay of a 
superior quality is obtained near Washington, and it has been ascertained 
that this stratum extends as far west as New Haven, east to Gray's Sum- 
mit, and south to Union. Limestone of a superior quality, both for 
building purposes and the manufacture of lime, is found in various parts 
of the county. 

The Manufacturing Interests are but partially developed. There 
is I furnace, i cutlery manufactory also 6 flouring-mills, on the line of 
the Missouri Pacific R. R., which ship large quantities of flour, 
"while several other mills supply the local demand. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^15,550,000.* 

Railroads. — 45 miles of the Missouri Pacific Railroad passes 
through the county, the greater part of it following the course of 
the Missouri River. The Atlantic and Pacific R. R. from Franklin, passes 
through the valley of the Maramec in a south-westerly direction, a dis- 
tance of 35 miles. The county has no railroad debt. 

The Exports are wheat, tobacco, live stock, fruit, wine, lead and 
iron ores, pig iron, fire clay, glass sand, brick, wooden boxes and 
cutlery. 

Educational Interests — There is a liberal school fund, and 
schools are established in all of the sub-districts. The public schools are 
increasing in interest, and have attained an enviable standard of excel- 
lence. The parochial schools are numerous and well attended. 

Augusta Station. — See Boles. 

Beaufort, a post-office 9 miles w. of Union. 

Berger, on the M. P. R. R., 75 miles from St. Louis, has 2 stores. 

Bceuf Creek, 5 miles s. w. of Dundee, is a small village which was 
laid off in 1868, and called Detmold; it has i flouring-mill and i store. 

Boles, (Augusta Station,) on the M. P. R. R., 43 miles from St. Louis, 
has I store. 

Calvey, a post-office 4 miles s. of Robertsville. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ^5,625, 487. Bonded debt, ^319,098. 59. Floating debt, i\x,'ii%. 



«o4 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Calvey Station, — See Robertsville. 

Campbelltoti, a post-office 6 miles w of Washington. 

Casco, a post-office lo miles n. w. of Union. 

Catawissa, on the A. & P. R. R., 5 miles from Pacific, is a pleas- 
ant village which was laid off in 1839, and contains 4 stores. 

Cedar Fork, a post-office 18 miles s. w. of Washington. 

Clover Bottom, a post-office 6 miles s. w. of Washington. 

Dry Branch, a post-office on the A. & P. R. R., 23 miles from 
Pacific. 

Dundee, (New Port,) situated on the Missouri River, near the mouth 
of Boeuf Slough, and on the M. P. R, R., 62 miles from St. Louis, was 
laid off in 1857, and is a thriving town. It has i store. 

Etlah, a post-office on the M. P. R. R., 70 miles from St. Louis, 
has I store. 

Franklin. — See Pacific. 

Gray's Summit, on the M. P. R. R., 41 miles from St. Louis, was 
laid off in 1855, ^'"'^1 ^''^^ ^ store. 

Grubville, 12 miles s. of Robertsville, has i store. 

Japan, 10 miles n. w. of Sullivan, has i store. 

Jeffriesburg, a post-office 5 miles w. of Union. 

Krakow, a post-office 6 miles s. of Washington. 

Labadie, on the M. P. R. R., 46 miles from St. Louis, was laid off 
in 1855, and has i store. 

Little Maramec, a post-office 10 miles s. of Robertsville. 

Luther, a post-office 10 miles s. w. of Union. 

Maune's Store, 3 miles n. w. of Union, has i store. 

Miller's Landing. — See New Haven. 

Moselle, on the A. & P. R. R. , 9 miles from Pacific, was laid off in 
1859, and has a population of about 300. This is the shipping point for 
the Moselle Iron Works, which are about one mile distant, on the Mar- 
amec River. It has about 5 stores. 

New Haven, (Miller's Landing,) situated on the Missouri River, 
and on the M. P. R. R., 62 miles from St. Louis, was laid off in 
1856 and incorporated a few years later. It is surrounded by a fine agri- 
cultural country, and is the shipping point for a portion of Warren 
County. It has 2 churches — Catholic and Presbyterian, i public school, 
2 mills and 3 stores. Population about 400. 

New Port. — See Dundee. 

Oakfield, a post-office 4 miles n. e. of Gray's Summit. 

Pacific, (Franklin,) at the junction of the A. & P. R. with the 
M. P. R. R. , 37 miles from St. Louis, was laid off in 1852 by the A. & 
P. R. R. Co. The land upon which the town is built slopes gently 
toward the Maramec, and the bottoms adjacent are exceedingly fertile. 
The town is improving steadily, and has 3 churches, i school, a dozen 



FRANKLIN COUNTY. 205 

stores, I flouring-mill and i newspaper— 77/,? Detnocrat, J. H. Combes 
editor Population about 1,200. A small portion of this town is in St. 
Louis County, but the most important part is in Franklin County. 

Port Hudson, a post-office 12 miles n. w. -of Union, has one store. 

Roberts ville, (Calvey Station,) a post-office on the A. & P. R. R., 
7 miles from Pacific, has a few stores. 

St. Clair, known for years as the Traveler's Repose, is situated on the 
A. & P. R. R., 19 miles from Pacific, and depends for its importance 
chiefly upon the lead mines in this vicinity. It has one church, i public 
school, a few stores, and a population of about 300. 

Shotwell, a post-office 17 miles s. w. of Union, has i store. 

South Point, on the M. P. R. R., 16 miles from Franklin, has 2 
stores, I saw-mill, i box-factory and an excelsior manufactory. 

Spring Bluff, a post-office 12 miles s. w, of Union. 

Stanton, on the A. & P. R. R., 29 miles from Pacific, has 3 stores. 

Stanton Copper Mines, a post-office 4 miles s. of Stanton. 

Sullivan, on the A. &. P. R. R., 34 miles from Pacific, has 2 stores. 

UNION, the county seat, has a pleasant location near the Bourbeuse 
River, 10^ miles s. of Washington, with which it is connected by a 
daily stage line over a macadamized road, and 8 miles n. of St. Clair, 
and is surrounded by a well-settled and good farming land. It was incor- 
porated as a town in 185 1, and under a special charter in 1874. It con- 
tains 2 public schools, 2 hotels, 3 stores, i saddle shop, i wagon shop, i 
marble yard, i livery stable, i brewery, i steam flouring-mill, i saw-mill, 
3 churches — Presbyterian O. S., Catholic and Methodist Episcopal (the 
last having no building at present); also 2 newspapers — Union Clarion 
and The Pielgrzym, (until recently the only Polish paper in America,) 
each edited by John Barzynski. The court-house is a commodious two- 
story brick building, and the jail is a substantial two-story stone building. 
Union became the county-seat in 1832. Population about 500. 

Virginia Mine, 12 miles s. e. of Union, has i store. 

Washington, the chief town, is situated on the Mo. River (which is 
here crossed by a steam ferry) and on the M. P. R. R., 54 miles w. of 
St. Louis. It has a high and commanding site, is pleasantly and health- 
fully located, and contains many elegant private residences and numer- 
ous, commodious and substantial business blocks. An unusually large 
proportion of its buildings are of brick — but very few being of wood. 
The town was first settled sometime prior to 1818, and incorporated in 
1841 ; the first brick house (still standing) was erected in 1834 by a Mr. 
Thomas. It contains 8 churches — 3 Lutheran, 2 Presbyterian, i Metho- 
dist, I Presbyterian (colored), 1 Carho'iic (the finest church in the State 
outside of St. Louis, cost of church and grounds $65,000), an elegant 
public school building — cost $12,000, a Catholic school (two story brick), 



2o6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL 

I brick town house, 4 brick hotels, about 45 business firms, of whom 12 
are large dealers in dry goods, groceries, etc.; i bank, 2 large steam 
flouring-mills, which aggregated 57,722 bbls. of flour during 1873; 
1 steam planing-mill, with sash, door and blind factory attached; 
4 pork packing firms, who packed 12,164 bogs for the season of 1873-74; 
I tobacco and 3 cigar factories, i tannery, i brewery, i cutlery manu- 
factory, 6 brick yards that turned out 4,375,000 bricks during 1873, 
I store and earthen ware factory, 2 important potters' clay banks that 
yield excellent clay and from which during 1873 large quantities were 
shipped, and 2 newspapers — The Observe?-, Foss, Mense & Co., publishers, 
and The Post (German), Otto Brix, publisher. Wine is manufactured by 
several firms and is of growing importance. Population, about 4,000. 



GASCONADE COUNTY, 

In the east-central part of the State, is bounded north by the Missouri 
River — which separates it from Montgomery and Warren Counties, east by 
Franklin and Crawford, south by Crawford and Phelps, west by Maries 
and Osage Counties, and contains 323,176 acres. 

Population in 1830, 1,545; in 1840, 5,330; in 1850, 4,996; in 
i860, 8,727; in 1870, 10,093, of whom 10,013 were white and 80 
colored; 5,312 male and 4,781 female; 6,847 native (5,976 born in 
Missouri) and 3,246 foreign; of whom 2,669 were German; 6,670 persons 
in the county had foreign (mostly German) parents. 

History. — The names of the first settlers of Gasconade or the date of 
their arrival can not be definitely ascertained, but it is known that as early as 
181 2, Henry Reed settled on the Burbois, and James Roark was living 3 
miles south-east of Hermann and Isaac Perkins, G. Tackett, Wm. West, 
W. Kiggins and a few others on the Gasconade, subsisting by hunting 
and trade with the Indians. This was the territory occupied by the 
Shawnees, but the white settlers seem either to have won their good will. 
Or to have so protected themselves that the Indians considered it useless 
to attempt depredations, for the history of but one incident of a warlike 
character has come down to us from those times. 

It seems that Isaac Best owned and run a horse-mill in the north- 
western part of the county. For protection he had built a block-house 
and kept 16 cur dogs, trained to give the alarm on the approach of 
Indians. One day while grinding at the mill his sentinels attracted his 
attention, when he and his friend Callahan sallied forth. A shot from the 
Shawnees immediately disabled the latter, when the two friends retreated 
to the block-house. Mr. Best made good use of his rifle, nevertheless 
the Indians secured the horses before they retreated to the timber. Mr. 
Best and his companion abandoning the mill, embarked in a canoe and 
paddled down the stream to the nearest settlement. 

In those days the iron from the "Works" in Crawford Co. was hauled 
to Hermann, a distance of 60 miles, on wagons, and thence sent by river 
to St. Louis. As there were then but few stores in the country, 
the farmers of Gasconade did a very good business hauling iron to Her- 
mann and taking back groceries and articles of clothing not manufactured 
at home. This trade was carried on until the South-west Branch Railroad 
was completed. Nearly all the original settlers who did not engage in 
this or in stock-raising, were employed in rafting pine lumber down the 
river to St. Louis. 



2o8 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

The county, named from its principal river, was organized from Frank- 
lin Nov. 25 th, 1820, and all the unorganized portion (nearly one-fourth) 
of the State, south and west, attached to it; in 1835 it was reduced to its 
present limits, except a small change made in 1869, when -ifi square miles 
were transferred to Crawford County. 

The county from the earliest to the present time has been steadily 
though slowly increasing in wealth and population. Even the late Civil 
War affected it but little, as the mass of the people adhered to the Federal 
Government, and the county being so far from the border, was not in a 
position to be easily raided by the Confederates. The only invasion was 
by Gen. Sterling Price's army, who passed from Franklin to Osage, 
traversing [Gasconade from east to west, and spreading over nearly the 
whole length of the county; Gen. Marmaduke's corps was at Hermann 
and the northern part of the county, and Gen. Shelby in the southern 
portion. At Hermann the railroad bridge and depot were burned, and 
several stores plundered ; also many stores on Second and Third Creeks, 
and on Douglas Prairie. Many horses were also carried away. 

Physical Features. — Gasconade has a great variety of surface — 
bluffs, ridges, prairie and rich bottom lands. The northern portion, for 
about 15 miles back from the river, is very hilly and was covered with 
timber, but the valleys and more gentle slopes have been cleared, and are 
now under cultivation. The southern portion forms a plateau, and con- 
tains several small prairies. The land is generally good, very rich along 
the creek bottoms and prairies, and well adapted to agricultural purposes. 
The Gasconade, with its tributaries. First, Second, Pin Oak and Third 
Creeks, drains the north-western ; the Boeuff and Berger Rivers the 
north-eastern ; while Bourbeuse and its tributaries water the southern and 
central parts of the county. The Gasconade River, being navigable for 
small boats, offers to the farming community great facilities for market. 
The timber consists of the different varieties of oak, hickory, elm,- 
walnut, etc. 

There are a number of saltpetre caves along the banks of the Gasconade 
which were once profitably worked. Some of the saltpetre was shipped 
down the river to St. Louis, but the greater portion was used in making 
gunpowder at a number of manufactories in the State. Some of these 
caves are large and interesting, consisting frequently of a succession of 
rooms joined to each other by arched halls of a considerable height, with 
walls of white limestone, upon which, as well as upon the floors, the salt- 
petre is deposited, and is generally so pure as to need but one washing to 
prepare it for use or export. When these caves were first discovered it 
was not unusual to find in them stone-axes and hammers, which led to 
the belief that they had formerly been worked for some unknown purpose 
by the savages. It is doubtful whether these tools were left there by the 
Indians or by another and more civilized race which preceded them. 



GASCONADE COUNTY. 209 

The ruins of an ancient town were formerly seen on the Gasconade River, 
described by Beck in his Gazetteer published in 1821, which appeared to 
have been regularly laid out ; the dimensions of the squares and streets, 
and of some of the houses, could be discovered. Stone walls were found in 
different parts of the area covered by huge heaps of earth. Again, a 
stone work about 25 or 30 feet square was found on the west side of the 
Gasconade and, although in a dilapidated condition, appeared to have 
been originally built with considerable regularity. This was situated on 
a high, bold cliff, commanding a fine and extensive view of the country 
on all sides. From this stone work a small foot path, running a devious 
course down the cliff, led to the entrance of the cave, in which was found 
a quantity of ashes. But to-day, nothing can be seen of these ancient 
ruins but a few mounds covered with piles of stones, supposed to be 
Indian graves. Many traces of the aborigines — arrow heads, broken 
tomahawks, etc. — are found on the banks of the Missouri and the Gas- 
conade. There are also many heaps of stone and earth, and about four 
years since, upon the removal of one of these, the bones of an Indian 
Were discovered. On Dry Fork are two natural curiosities of some 
interest: Bear Cave, which has been penetrated 500 yards, known to the 
early hunters as the resort of bears, and Beaver Pond, whose margin is 
decorated with small islands, said to be the work of beavers. 

Agricultural Productions. — This is an agricultural county. The 
crop of wheat for 1873 is estimated at 276,000 bushels — 15 bushels per 
acre; 7,000 bushels of rye; 240,000 bushels of corn ; 170,000 bushels of 
oats; 8,000 pounds of tobacco; 19,000 pounds of wool; and 34,000 
bushels of potatoes. Oats are chiefly produced on the prairie, and corn 
on bottom lands, but wheat is the chief product for export. About 
48,000 acres of land, one-seventh of the total area, are under cultivation. 
As a wine-growing county, Gasconade is well known. More than 1,000 
acres are planted with the grape, and about 300,000 gallons of wine are 
tnade per year. Hermann and its vicinity stands unrivalled in the State 
in the quantity and quality of her wines. Many wine-growers have from 
5 to 15 acres of vineyard, and there are several large firms making from 
20,000 to 100,000 gallons of wine annually. The Hermann wine- 
growers took 19 premiums in 1873, o^t of 20 offered for the best native 
wine at the St. Louis Fair, and the first premium at the Vienna Exposi- 
tion for their "American Wines." The apples and peaches of Gasconade 
are unsurpassed in flavor, beauty and size, and hundreds of acres of 
sunny hillsides are covered with fruitful orchards. 

Mineral Resources. — There are indications of iron in many places, 
although no mines have yet been opened. A little prospecting has been 
done, and some mineral lands sold. Iron ore of excellent quality is 
frequently found on the bluff near the banks of the Gasconade. 

The Manufacturing Interests are an extensive merchant flour- 



2IO CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

\ 
ing-mill, at Hermann — saw-mills, wagon, carpenter and blacksmith shops^ 

and the wine-making above mentioned. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^5,650,770.* 

Railroads. — The Missouri Pacific R. R. traverses the county from 
east to west along the banks of the Missouri River for a distance of 15 miles. 

The Exports are mainly wheat, fruit, wine and hogs. 

Educational Interests. — The people for several years have mani- 
fested a great interest in public schools. Nearly every one of the 52 
sub-districts are supplied with good buildings and superior teachers. Six 
months of school per year. There is a good high school at Hermann for 
boys, and a Catholic school for girls. 

Bay, 18 miles s. w. of Hermann, has i store. 

Bourbois, a post-office 24 miles s. e. of Hermann. 

Canaan is a post-office 30 miles s. w. of Hermann, has 2 stores. 

Drake, 18 miles s. of Hermann, has 2 stores and i wagon shop- 
Population, about 20. 

Gasconade City, at the mouth of the Gasconade River, and on the 
M. P. R. R., 7 miles w. of Hermann, has a population of about 30. 

Gasconade Ferry, on the Gasconade River, is a post-office 8 miles 
w. s. w. of Hermann. 

HERMANN, the county seat, on the M. P. R. R., 81 miles w. of 
St. Louis, is beautifully situated on the right bank of the Missouri River, 
surrounded by vine-clad hills and fruitful orchards. It was laid off on 
land owned and cultivated by Willis Hensley, by a " German Settlement 
Society" of Philadelphia, in 1837, incorporated in 1838, and made the 
county seat in 1845. Many of the inhabitants are engaged in wine- 
growing and fruit-raising. It has an enterprising and thrifty population, 
almost entirely German. The buildings are substantial, the streets macad- 
amized and in good order. The beautiful square now occupied by the 
court-house was bought by Robert Heath, in 18 18, for one barrel of salt. 
It has 15 stores and 8 shops, i hotel, i Lutheran and i Catholic church, 
I public school, I high school for boys, i Catholic school for girls, z 
newspapers — the Gasconade Zeitung, and the Gasconade County Adve4'- 
iiser, published by Charles Eberhardt. Although money has been liberally 
expended of late years for the improvement of the streets and the build- 
ing of handsome school-houses, the town is free from debt. 

Morrison, on the M. P. R. R., 11 miles west of Hermann, is sur- 
rounded by very rich bottom lands. It has i saw-mill, i brewery, 2 
stores and i church. 

Oak Hill, a post-office 33 miles s. s. e. of Hermann. 

Owensville, a post-office 23 miles s. of Hermann. 

Stony Hill, a post-office 15 miles s. e. of Hermann. 

WooUam, a post-office 20 miles s. w. of Hermann. 

*A«sessed valuation in 1873,^3,511,759. Taxation, |i. 15 per ^100. No county debt. 



GENTRY COUNTY, 

In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by Worth, east 
by Harrison and Daviess, south by De Kalb, and west by Andrew and 
Nodaway Counties, and contains 312,587 acres. 

Population in 1850, 4,248; in i860, 11,980; in 1870, 11,607, o^ 
whom 11,551 were white and 56 colored; 6,019 male and 5,588 female; 
11,298 native (5,322 born in Missouri) and 309 foreign. 

History. — The county was settled in 1840 by some families from Clay 
and Ray Counties, and Feb. 12th, 1841, it was organized and named in 
honor of Col. Richard Gentry, who fell at the battle of Ockeechobee, 
Florida. 

Physical Features. — The face of the country is undulating, diversi- 
fied with timber and prairie, and is well watered by Grand River and its 
tributaries. East Fork of West Fork, Middle Fork, and West Fork of 
Grand River and numerous smaller streams. 

The soil is very fertile and well adapted to the production of all the 
cereals and the grasses. Timber is abundant, skirting all the streams and 
dotting the prairies with fine groves of oak, ash, hickory, elm, walnut, etc. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley 
and the grasses. Fruit also succeeds well, especially apples, pears and 
some of the smaller fruits. Stock-raising receives much attention, and 
the laxuriance of the grasses, native and cultivated, makes it easy and 
profitable. 

Mineral Resources. — The entire county is underlaid with coal, and 
indications of copper exist ; but little, as yet, has been done to develop 
these sources of wealth. n 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of a few saw and grist-mills, 
with the usual complement of blacksmith shops. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^4,5oo,ooo.* 

The Exports are corn, wheat and stock. 

Educational Interests. — There is a growing interest manifested in 
schools. There are 75 school buildings in the county, having an aggre- 
gate value of over $46,000. The graded school at Albany just finished 
cost over $10,000. 

Alanthus Grove, a post-office 18 miles n. w. of Albany, contains 4 
stores, I flouring-mill and i hotel. 

•Assessed valuation in 1873, ixjuiuSSL 



312 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

ALBANY, the county seat, formerly called Athens, situated about 
I mile e. of Grand River and i8 miles n. w. of Pattonsburg, Daviess 
County, is a growing town and has i bank, 1 7 stores, 2 hotels, i fine 
graded school, above referred to, i wagon shop, 2 steam flouring-mills, 
a foundry, several churches, a number of shops of various kinds, and 2 
newspapers — the Ledger, published by J. Lee Dalby, and the Freeman, 
published by Needles & Orr. Population, about 700. 

Boners' Store, a post-office 10 miles s. w. of Albany. 

Buhls ville, a post-office 14 miles s. of Albany, contains 3 stores. 

Douglas, a post-office 18 miles s. w. of Albany. 

Ellenorah, a post-office 7 miles n. of Albany, contains 2 stores. 

Ettieville, a post-office 7 miles s. w. of Albany. 

Gentry ville, beautifully situated on Grand River, 8 miles s. of 
Albany, is surrounded by some of the best farming lands in the county, 
and bids fair to become a place of importance. It contains 8 stores, 
I woolen factory and mill, and the usual number of shops for a popula- 
tion of about 300. 

Havana, a post-office 11 miles s. e. of Albany, contains 2 stores and 
a wagon shop. 

Hugginsville, a post-office 7 miles n. w. of Albany. 

Island City, 15 miles s. w. of Albany, contains i store, i flouring- 
mill, I wagon shop and a number of stock dealers. 

King City, a post-office 18 miles s. w. of Albany, contains 3 stores 
and a hotel. 

Mount Pleasant, a post-office 9 miles n. w. of Albany, contains 
6 stores and a number of shops. 

New Castle, a post-office 7 miles s. e. of Albany, contains i flouring- 
mill and 2 stores. 

Philander, a post-office 7 miles n. e. of Albany, contains 2 stores. 



GREENE COUNTY, 

In the south-western part of the State, is bounded north by Polk and 
Dallas, east by Webster, south by Christian, and west by Lawrence and 
Dade Counties, and contains 438,424 acres. 

Population in 1840, 5,372; in 1850, 12,785; in i860, 13,186; in 
1870, 21,549, of whom 19,393 were white and 2,156 colored ; io,974male 
and 10,575 female; 20,731 native (10,713 born in Missouri) and 818 
foreign. 

History. — Originally the Osage Indians occupied this part of Mis- 
souri. Then the Delaw^res, from Ohio and Indiana, and the Kicka- 
poos, when being removed to their reservation, were located here for a 
time. "Old Bob Patterson" settled in what was afterward for a time 
Greene, now Webster County, in 1821. John P. Campbell, John 
Edwards, Wm. Fulbright, Joseph Miller and James Massey, with their 
families, settled in the vicinity of what is now Springfield in 1829. John 
P. C^ampbell was one of the leading early settlers and the founder of 
Springfield, where he resided from the time of its first settlement till his 
death in 1849. Radford Cannefax and family arrived in 1831, Judge 
Charles Yancey in 1832, and Joseph Burden and Joseph Rountree soon 
afterward. 

The county was organized January 2d, 1833, and named in honor of 
Gen. Nathanael Greene. It then embraced nearly all the State south of 
the Osage River and west of Phelps County. 

At the first election in 1834, Joseph Weaver was sent to the State 
Senate, J. D. Shannon to the House, and Chesley Cannefax was chosen 
sheriff. The same year John Mooney and Thomas Patterson, with their 
families, settled on James River, about 7 miles south of the present site 
of Springfield, and a large number of their descendants still reside in that 
neighborhood. Springfield was selected as the county seat in 1836, at 
which time none of the lands were owned in fee, but all held alike by 
squatters. In 1836, the first frame house was built by Benjamin Cannefax, 
and in 1837, the first bricks were burned, and a chimney, built therefrom, 
attracted general attention, being the first of that kind in the place. 

In 1839, the United States Land Office was opened at Springfield, but 
for a few years during the late war it was removed to Boonville for safety. 
Joel Hayden was the first receiver, and a Mr. Brown the first register. 

The first court-house was built in 1839, and burned in 1861. The 
present building situated on the west side of the public square, was com- 



2i6 CAMPBELL* S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

menced before the war and has not been really completed, though it was 
greatly improved during 1873. 

For several years after the settlers came, the Delaware Indians consti- 
tuted by far the larger part of the inhabitants. They occupied a beautiful 
farm surrounded by lovely groves of walnut, sycamore, etc., on the banks 
of Wilson Creek. In 1840 they reluctantly ceded the country to the 
U. S. Government, taking in exchange lands near Kansas City, to which 
they at once removed. This opened the county for settlement, and immi- 
gration poured in rapidly. Greene County was the scene of much strife 
during the late Civil War. Gen^ Lyon was killed at the battle of Wilson's 
Creek, 1 1 miles south-west of Springfield. 

Physical Features. — This county lies upon the summit of the some- 
what mythical Ozark Mountains, which here attain an elevation of about 
1,492 feet above St. Louis. The general face of the country is undulat- 
ing. The western and south-western portioi^s are rich and beautiful 
prairies, while the south-eastern and north-eastern parts are rolling 
timbered land, with a rich red clay soil. 

The county is watered by numerous small streams — Pomme de Terre, 
East Fork of Sac River, and its numerous small branches ; also Asher, 
Clear, Pickerel and Wilson's Creeks, and the James River and its many 
tributaries. Wilson's Creek rises near the center of the county and 
runs southwardly, but since 1866 has found an underground channel, for 
^ of a mile near its source, and its former bed for that distance is now dry 
most of the year. The bottoms along the streams are generally very rich. 
The country bordering the Sac River is rocky and hilly, covered with a 
growth of scrubby black-jack, the prevailing timber in that vicinity. In 
the west and south-west there is an abundance of walnut, sycamore, oak, 
hickory and black-jack. There are fine springs in the county. The 
Miller, Fulbright, McCracken, Jones and Berry Springs are among the 
largest, but there are many others which give an abundant supply of clear 
water. About 7 miles n.orth-west of Springfield is Knox Cave. It has 
been explored nearly a mile, and varies from 20 to 70 feet in width and 
from 6 to 30 feet in height, and is 75 or 100 feet below the surface of the 
ground. For some distance from the mouth it is rugged limestone rock, 
hung v/ith the most beautiful stalactite formations, constantly dripping 
with water. 

Fisher's Cave, 6 miles south-east of Springfield, is of similar dimensions 
and has a beautiful stream of water flowing out of it, and several chambers 
connecting with the main one, as yet unexplored. It is quite a resort for 
pleasure parties, as is also the natural bridge which is about 5 miles south 
of Springfield. 

In this county there are about 2,000 acres of Government land, but of 
poor quality. The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. have about 78,000 acres of 



GREENE COUNTY. 



2X% 



good land which they offer on favorable terms at from J5 to %\i^ per acre.* 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, rye, oats, pota- 
toes, etc. Tobacco of a fine quality is produced. Fruit is largely grown 
and yields abundantly. Pasturage is excellent. Blue grass grows luxuri- 
antly, and is constantly adding to its acreage as the native grasses are 
trampled out by stock. 

Mineral Resources. — There has been no mining done in this 
county, though it is said that both lead and iron exist in paying quan- 
tities. There is considerable prospecting going on, and the developments 
of the next few years will probably reveal rich mines of these minerals. 

Manufacturing Interests. — Greene County has 15 flouring-mills, 
1 2 saw-mills, several carriage factories, foundry and machine shops, i 
woolen mill, i cotton factory, 2 planing-mills and several large tobacco 
and cigar manufactories. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $9,5oo,ooo.f 

Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. has about 30 miles of track, 
and the Memphis, Springfield & Kansas City R. R. has more than 30 
miles of road graded in the county. 

The Exports are corn, oats, cattle, horses, mules, hogs, tobacco, 
hides and cotton. The county manufactures and exports all kinds of 
agricultural implements, such as wagons, plows, engines, boilers, etc., and 
cotton yarn is made at Springfield. 

The Educational Interests are well attended to. Public schools 
are in session from 4 to 8 months each year in every sub-district. School 
population of the county, 9,000. Springfield and North Springfield each 
own large and commodious buildings with an aggregate value of nearly 
;$6o,ooo, Springfield has also a substantial brick building for colored 
children. Throughout the county school-houses are generally poor, 
although there are some exceptions. There are several private schools 
that are well attended. 

Ash Grove, 20^ miles n. w, of Springfield on the line of the pro- 
posed M. S. & K. C. R. R. , is a neat village just in the edge of a fine 
tract of timber. It has 3 blacksmith shops, 3 general a^d 2 drug stores, 
I union church building valued at $2,000, i public school building, har- 
ness and saddle manufactory, 2 hotels, and about 275 inhabitants. 

Bois d'Arc, a post-office 10 miles n. w. of Springfield. 

Brookline, (Little York,) on the A. & P. R. R., 10 miles s. w. of 
Springfield, was first settled in 1871. Population, about 70. It is situ- 
ated on a high prairie, surrounded by a fertile, well improved body of 

♦The Railroad Company requires 10 per cent, of purchase money [at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix — Page 

t Assessed valuation in 1873, 16,144,234, Bonded debt, $350,000. Floating debt, (63,278.81. Taza* 
tion, $1.10 per jioo. 



2i8 CAMFBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

land, has i church — Cumberland Presbyterian, valued at ^3,000 — i drug 
and 2 general stores. 

Cave Spring, 14 miles n. w. of Springfield, settled by an enterpris- 
ing, intelligent people, has i church — Presbyterian, valued at $3,750 
— a public school well attended, a music school, i drug and 2 general 
stores, 3 blacksmith shops, and about 150 inhabitants. A beautiful 
spring bursts from rocky fissures to disappear under a "natural bridge," 
and again emerge in full tide clear as crystal. 

Chapel Grove, a post-ofiice 4^ miles n. w. of Brookline station. 

Dorchester, a signal station on the A. & P. R. R., 5 miles w. of 
Springfield. 

Ebenezer, 10 miles n. of Springfield, settled about 1835, ^^ ^ popu- 
lation of about 60. It was one of the first settlements in the county, and 
contains i dry goods store and i blacksmith shop, an academy building, 
3 churches — M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, and Baptist, valued at ;g6,ooo. 
Some of Greene County's best citizens live in this vicinity, and many oi 
them are engaged in fruit-culture. The Indian Mound is 3 miles north, 
and is a place of resort for tourists. 

Fair Grove, 16 miles n. e. from Springfield, 6 miles from Strafford 
the nearest railroad station, has a population of about 250. It is pleas- 
antly situated, having a rich country tributary to it, and contains 3 dry 
goods and 2 drug stores, 2 hotels, 3 blacksmith shops and 2 churches — - 
Baptist and M. E. Ch.; valued at about $1,200 each. 

Hickory Barren, a post-ofHce 8 miles n. e. from Springfield. 

Little York. — See Brookline. 

North Springfield, on the A. & P. R. R., 241 miles from St. Louis, 
the second place in point of size in the county, and joining Springfield 
on its northern boundary, was first settled in 1869. Its manufactures 
comprise the railroad machine shops, i flouring-mill, i harness and saddle 
manufactory, 4 blacksmith shops, several tailoring and other minor estab- 
lishments; also, 3 dry goods, i drug and 6 grocery stores. Population, 
about 1,000. It has i good school-house, i church — Congregational, 
valued at $7,500 — i fine hotel, and i newspaper — The ^Southwest, pub- 
lished by Z. T. Hedges. 

Republic is a brisk new town on the A. & P. R. R,, 15 miles s. w. 
of Springfield. 

SPRINGFIELD, the county seat, and metropolis of the South- 
west, adjoining and south from North Springfield, its railroad station, 
was settled in 1833, ^^^^ off as a town by Jno. P. Campbell, Aug. 27th, 
1836, and incorporated as a city in 1847. It is pleasantly situated 
on the Ozark table land, on both sides of Wilson's Creek, is a beautiful 
city possessing many advantages as a place of residence, and commands 
the trade of south-western Missouri, north-western Arkansas, and south- 
eastern Kansas. 



GREENE COUN'ry, 219 

Springfield in i860 contained about 2,000 inhabitants. During the 
late Civil War it suffered greatly, being occupied alternately by both 
parties, and a number of fine buildings and a great many forest trees, 
which added much to the beauty of the place, were destroyed. Since the 
close of the war it has gradually improved, and in 1870, when the A. & 
P. R. R. was completed, a new impetus was given to business and many 
fine brick business houses were builto The elegant public school building 
has already been noticed under the head of Education. Drury College, 
named for Samuel F. Drury, Esq., of Olivet, Mich., and chartered in 
July, 1873, is located here. It is a new institution, but its course of 
study in the classical and scientific departments is very thorough and 
complete, and it also makes a specialty of training teachers for their work, 
Ozark Female Institute is also in a flourishing condition. 

Springfield has 3 hotels, 2 banks, 10 churches — Christian, Episcopal, 
M. E. Ch. and M. E. Ch. South, Baptist, Presbyterian, Cumberland 
Presbyterian, Catholic, colored Methodist and colored Baptist; many 
of these buildings are tasteful and substantial, and the aggregate cost 
about ;^ 70,000. 

This is fast becoming a manufacturing town of considerable importance. 
It has I cotton factory — capital stock, ^100,000. The wagons of the 
Springfield Manufacturing Co. (capital stock, ^^40,000) are extensively 
Used through the South-west. The Iron Works is a leading manu- 
facturing interest. The Springfield woolen-mills, erected at a cost of 
$15,000, have capacity for turning out 500 yards of cloth daily. There 
are also 3 large flouring-mills, 2 planing-mills, 2 carriage factories, 2 
saddle and harness shops, and several cigar factories and marble yards. 
The dry goods retail trade of Springfield is represented by 15 firms; 
boots and shoes, 3 ; books and stationery, 2 ; druggists, 6 ; fancy goods, 
6; groceries, 29; hardware, 3; hides, 2; house furnishing goods, 3; 
lumber, 5; musical instruments, i. In the wholesale trade there ares 
dry goods, 4; boots and shoes, 4; groceries, 4; hardware, 3; stoves and 
tinware, 3. It has 5 newspapers — the Springfield Weekly Advertiser, 
Republican, published by O. S. Reed & Co. ; the Leader, Democratic, 
by D. C. Kennedy; the Patriot, Republican, by Shipley & Sawyer; the 
Times, Democratic, by D. B. Taylor & Co. ; and the Educationist, by 
W. M. Simpson. The National Cemetery, 3 miles south-east from 
Springfield, contains 2 acres, beautifully ornamented with shrubbery and 
surrounded by a substantial stone wall. Six cannon have been mounted 
Upon end around a flag staff upon a high mound in the center. Dr. 
Thomas Bailey having bequeathed ;^5,ooo for the purpose, a soldiers* 
monument 26 ft. 4 in. high, surmounted by a life-size statue of a U. S. 
soldier leaning on his musket, has been erected on the grounds. Of the 
1,400 graves, nearly one-half are marked "unknown." Just south of this 



2 20 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

IS the Confederate Cemetery, of about the same area, which has been 
much neglected. Population about 7,000. 

Strafford, on the A. & P. R. R., 10 miles n. e. from Springfield, 
contains i store and 2 or 3 families. 

^A^alnut Forest, 2 miles n. from Strafford, is a pleasant village, con- 
taining several stores, a mill, church, school-house, etc. 

Walnut Grove, 22 miles n. n. w. of Springfield, is a beautifully 
situated village of over 300 inhabitants, and contains several stores, mills, 
shops, and a church and school-house. 



GRUNDY COUNTY, 

In the northern part of the State, is bounded north by Mercer County, 
€ast by Sullivan and Linn, south by Livingston, and west by Daviess and 
Harrison Counties, and contains 263,357 acres. 

Population in 1850, 3,006; in i860, 7,887; in 1870, 10,567, of 
whom 10,452 were white and 115 colored; 5,441 male and 5,126 female; 
10,276 native (4,512 born in Missouri) and 291 foreign. 

History. — Levi Moore, William Cochran and John Thrailkill settled 
in what is now Grundy County in 1834, and Mr. Moore, now 96 years 
of age, is still (1874) living there. They were followed in 1835 ^7 Daniel 
Devaul, Jewett Norris, John Scott, Dr. Thompson and a few others. In 
1836 the Peerys, Metcalfs, Grubbs and Samuel Benson settled on Grand 
River. The pioneers were somewhat disquieted during the Heatherly War,* 
and a block-house was built at Bluff Grove, the present site of Trenton. 
The county was organized January 2d, 1841, and named in honor of Hon. 
Felix Grundy, of Tennessee. The county seat was located at Trenton 
in 1843. 

Physical Features. — The greater portion of the county is prairie 
land, well diversified with timber. The East Fork of the Grand River 
passes in a southerly direction through the county, dividing about i^ 
miles above Trenton, the east fork bearing the name of Weldon in honor 
of James Weldon, the west fork that of Thompson for Dr. Wm. Thomp- 
son, both early settlers in the county. On the east of the river are 
Muddy, Honey, No, Crooked and Medicine Creeks. The streams 
emptying into the river from the west are Sugar, Racoon, Hickory, Wolf 
and Gee Creeks. All the streams east of Grand River, except Crooked 
Creek, have broad bottoms, and are skirted with good timber ; wide 
bottom prairies generally intervening between the timber and the upland, 
which is rolling, gently undulating, or level praijie. In a few localities 
these uplands are timbered. The creeks on the west of Grand River are 
smaller, have narrower bottoms, are generally more timbered and the 
uplands are more hilly. 

The prairies, which extend north to the county line, are from 2 to 3 
miles in width, and are nearly all under cultivation. The soil is a rich 
black loam, with a clay subsoil. There are few springs, but good water 
can be obtained by digging moderate depths. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, rye, oats, etc. 
Tobacco was the staple before the war. This is a stdck-raising county, 
and thousands of cattle and hogs are fattened and shipped yearly. Great 

* For description of the Heatherly War, see page 150. 



222 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

attention is paid to wheat with good success, and rye, oats and corn 
always produce abundantly. Of late the vine is attracting more attention, 
the Concord proving especially successful. Fruit orchards abound, and 
the apple and pear yield well. Bottom lands can be bought at from $3 
to ;^5 per acre. 

Mineral Resources. — Coal has been found on the Thompson River 
and on Medicine Creek, near Nevada, and a shaft has been sunk and 
worked near Trenton, but the great abundance of timber for fuel prevents 
much attention to coal mining. Near Grand River building stone is 
abundant. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of the Trenton woolen-mills, 
I large brewery, several flouring and about 20 saw-mills. There are a 
number of wagon factories in the county, a stave and heading factory, 
and I cheese factory. Grand River affords several good mill sites, and 
there are 2 mills on that river within the limits of the county. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^4,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad enters the 
north-central part of the county and passes out at the extreme south- 
western corner, having 27 miles of track. The Quincy, Missouri & 
Pacific Railroad, when completed, will pass through this county, via 
Trenton. The bonded debt of Trenton was voted in aid of the machine 
shops and division works of the former road. These public works have 
added much to the growth and business of Trenton. 

The Exports are wheat, oats, hogs, mules, horses, beef and stock 
cattle, hides, sheep pelts, wool, staves, heading and barrels. 

The Educational Interests are in a prosperous condition. The 
public schools are receiving increased attention, and there are several 
private schools of some local importance. Nearly all of the 64 school 
districts have commodious frame school-houses, fenced and painted. 

The Grand River College and Trenton High School are institutions of 
high standing. 

Alpha, (Nevada,) 15 ixiiles s. e. of Trenton, situated on the east bank 
of Medicine Creek, has a population of 250. It is a business point of 
some importance, has a good water mill, 4 stores, several wagon shops 
and I hotel. 

Buttsville was once a place of some importance, but since the build- 
ing of the railroad its trade has been largely diverted to Spickardsville, 
the railroad station, 5 miles east. 

Edinburgh, 6 miles w. of Trenton, on a beautiful prairie, is a thriving 
town of 300 inhabitants, and the seat of Grand River College, established 
in 1854, under the control of Prof. Jno. R. Vertrees. It is well sustained, 

•Assessed valuation in 1873, Ja, 751, 576. Taxation, $2.25 per $100. Bonded debt, ^200,000. Floating 
debt, ^10,000. Trenton has a bonded debt of ^50,000. 



GRUNDY COUNTY. 223 

has a good reputation and has many students from the neighboring 
counties. The place contains i hotel, 4 stores, and i carriage and i 
wagon maker's shop. 

Embry's. — See Hickory Creek. 

Grinnell, a post-office 10 miles n. e. of Trenton. 

Grubbtown, a post-office 13 miles n. w. of Trenton. 

Hickory Creek, (Embry's,) is on the C, R. I. & P. R. R., 8 miles 
s. of Trenton. 

Lindley, on the east bank of Medicine Creek, 12 miles from Trenton, 
is a flourishing village, named in honor of Judge James J. Lindley, of St. 
Louis. It has 4 stores, i harness shop, i school-house and i hotel. 

Murton, a post-office 8 miles s. e. of Spickardsville. 

Neola. — See Tindall. 

Nevada. — See Alpha. 

Oak City. — See Spickardsville. 

Rural Dale, 10 miles e. from Trenton, boasts of the only cheese 
factory in the county. 

Spickardsville, (Oak City,) named in honor of Capt. Spickard, is a 
flourishing railway station on the C, R. I. & P. R. R., 12 miles n. of 
Trenton, and is situated on a high bluff east of Weldon River. It has 7 
stores, I saw-mill, several shops, and a population of about 500. 

Tindall, (Neola,) a station on the C, R. I. & P. R, R., 6 miles n. 
of Trenton, is situated on the east bank of Weldon River. It was named 
in honor of J. T. Tindall, of the 23d Mo. Vol., who fell at Shiloh. 

TRENTON, the county seat, on the C, R. I. & P. R. R., 275 miles 
from St. Louis, via Gallatin, is situated on the east bank of Grand River, 
on a high rolling bluff that was originally covered with heavy timber. 
It was settled in 1841, and incorporated in 1857. 

The river is spanned at this point by a fine truss bridge. The town, 
though on high ground, is well sheltered on the west and north-west by 
timber, which also extends on the south beyond the west bank of the river. 

There are in the place 2 flouring-mills, 3 wagon shops, a good woolen 
factory, a stave and heading factory, 2 banks, 6 churches — Christian, 
Baptist, M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, Presbyterian and Catholic — with 
buildings valued at about $12,000. 

The Trenton High School is a fine institution. The building is a 
large 2 story brick, 69 by 71 feet, well ventilated and well furnished with 
all modern appliances. It cost about ;^ 20, 000, and accommodates nearly 
500 scholars. 

There are about 40 stores, 5 hotels, i grain and agricultural warehouse, 
I saddler's and 3 wagon shops, 2 lumber yards and 2 weekly newspapers 
— The Gnindy County Tunes, published by S, L. Harvey, and The 
Trenton Republican, by Wm. B. Rogers. Population, about 3,000. 



HARRISON COUNTY, 

In the north-western part of the State, in wnat is known as the Grand 
River Country, is bounded north by Iowa, east by Mercer and Grundy 
Counties, south by Daviess, and west by Gentry and Worth Counties, 
and contains 464,294 acres. 

Population in 1850, 2,447; ^^ i860, 10,626; in 1870, 14,635, ot 
whom 14,625 were white, and 10 colored; 7,578 male, and 7,057 female; 
14,346 native (6,203 born in Missouri) and 289 foreign. 

History. — Bee-hunters were the first white men to traverse the county, 
and from them Polecat Creek, Mo^uito Grove, and many other 
streams and localities received their names. The first settlers were 
Wm. Mitchell, John Conduit and Reuben Macey, who, in 1839 located 
in the south-eastern and south-western parts of what is now Harrison, 
then a part of Daviess County. As the settlers shared the common prej- 
udice against prairie, the timbered portions of the county were first 
settled. The currency was then beeswax, honey and coon skins. Judge 
Asa Butler was the first settler who used window-glass, on which account 
he was considered an aristocrat. A regiment of militia was raised in 
1843, to protect the settlers against the Indians, C. L. Jennings, colonel, 
and S. C. Allen, major. 

The county was organized Feb. 14th, 1845, ^^'^ named in honor of 
Hon. Albert G. Harrison. The first county-court was convened under a 
tree, in August 1845, ^^^ *^^ commissioners located the county seat th 
same year. The county was sectionized in 1845, ^^^ '^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ '^^^^ 
entered in 1846. In this year the county militia, under Col. Jennings, 
was called out against the Mormons, and met them at Mt. Pisgah, Iowa, 
where a treaty was entered into between the Colonel and Brigham Young, 
preventing the Mormons from settling in Missouri. 

Physical Features. — The surface of the county is generally undulat- 
ing, with a little low land, and a small portion that is broken. About four- 
fifths is prairie, and the balance timber, which is confined to the water 
courses, and though not abundant, it is sufficient for all practical purposes, 
and consists mainly of oak, hickory, elm, walnut, ash, linn, etc. The 
soil, which is generally good, is a dark brown loam, i to 3 feet deep, 
with a small mixture of sand, and rests on a clay subsoil. Grand River 
passes along the eastern side from the Iowa line to within a few miles 01 
the south-east corner of the county. It furnishes water power almost the 
entire year. Big Creek, an affluent of Grand River, traverses the center 



226 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

of the county from north to south, while Sugar, Sampson, Cypress, and 
some smaller creeks drain the other parts of the county, furnishing water 
for stock. These streams usually have rocky or gravelly beds, and rapid 
currents. 

Agricultural Productions. — The staples are wheat, corn, rye, 
potatoes, horses, cattle, hogs and sheep. Flax, broom-corn, sorghum, 
sweet potatoes, buckwheat and beans succeed well. Fruit and grapes 
are extensively and successfully cultivated. 

The Mineral Resources consist of building stone in abundance and 
coal, which has been discovered near Bethany, at a depth of 80 feet. A 
little coal mining is done near Mt. Moriah. 

Manufacturing Interests. — First-class flouring-mills are in opera- 
tion at Bethany, Eagleville and Lock's Mill in the eastern part of the 
county, and at Cainsville in the north-east. A good woolen factory for 
carding and spinning is in operation at Bethany. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $7,500,000.* 

Railroads. — Exports are taken from, and merchandise brought to, 
the county, via the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. R. on the 
south, the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific on the east, and the Bur- 
lington & Missouri River R. R. on the north ; the first being 20, the 
second 26, and the last 40 miles distant from Bethany. 

The Exports are corn, oats, wheat, rye, potatoes, eggs, butter, 
mules, horses, cattle, hogs and sheep. 

Educational Interests. — There are 114 sub-districts organized 
ander the public school system of the State, and the standard of excel- 
lence is being improved. 

Akron, a post-office 20 miles n. e. of Bethany, w. of Grand River in 
the "Akron Valley," which is very fertile, well cultivated, and thickly 
settled by a very intelligent class of people, principally from Ohio. 

Andover, a post-office 24 miles n. n. e. of Bethany. 

BETHANY, the county seat, is healthfully situated on the east fork 
of Big Creek, about 6 miles s. s. w. of the center of the county, 20 
miles north of Jameson on the Omaha Branch of the K. C. & N. R. W., 
and 26 miles s. w. of Princeton, on the C. R. I. & P. R. R. It was first 
settled and laid out by Tennesseeans in 1845, ^^^ incorporated in 1858. 
Population, about 1200, West Bethany is also incorporated, but the two 
are usually considered one. Bethany has the advantage of good building 
material, limestone, sandstone, good timber, and clay for brick, all near 
at hand. It contains a fine flouring and custom mill, 2 banks, 14 stores, 
3 saddler shops, 3 churches — Christian, M. E. Ch,, and Cumberland 
Presbyterian; aggregate value, 1^14,000 — 2 schools, i primary and i 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $4,568,337, The family is out of debt, and county warrants are at par 
with national currency. 



HARRISON COUNTY, 



227 



graded, with 4 departments. The building for the latter cost about 
^11,000. There are 2 newspapers — the Tribune, W. T, Foster, publisher; 
Republican, T. D. Neal, publisher. 

Blue Ridge, a post-office 10 miles s. e. of Bethany. 

Bolton, 12 miles e. s. e. of Bethany, has 2 stores. 

Brooklyn, 10 miles n. of Bethany, formerly called Snell's Mills, is 
one of the oldest settlements in the county. It has i grist-mill, and sev- 
eral shops and stores. 

Burr Oak, a post-office 10 miles s. w. of Bethany. 

Cains ville, 17 miles n. e. of Bethany, and 13 miles n. w. of Princeton, 
is a thrifty town of 300 inhabitants, and contains several stores and a 
flouring-mill. 

Eagle, 15 miles n. of Bethany, in a fine farming district, has i good 
flouring-mill, a dozen stores, 3 hotels, a graded school and 3 churches. 
Population, about 700. 

Hamptonville. — See Sampson's Creek. 

Happy Valley, a post-office 12 miles s. s. w. of Bethany. 

Martinsville, 9 miles n. w. of Bethany, has 4 stores, and a good 
class of people. 

Mitchelville, a post-office and trading point 6 miles s. s. w. of 
Bethany. 

Morris Ridge, a post-office 7 miles e. of Bethany. 

Mt. Moriah, 14 miles e. n. e. of Bethany, is a thrifty town of 200 
inhabitants. 

Pleasant Ridge, a post-office 7 miles s. s. e. of Bethany. 

Sampson's Creek, (Hamptonville,) a post-office and trading point 
10 miles w. of Bethany. 

Thomas, a post-office 6 miles s. e. of Bethany. 

Yankee Ridge, a post-office 10 miles n. e. of Bethany. 



HENRY COUNTY, 

In the western part of the State, is bounded north by Johnson County, 
east by Pettis and Benton, south by St. Clair, and west by Bates and Cass 
Counties, and contains 476,160 acres. 

Population in 1850, 4^052; in i860, 9,866; in 1870, 17,401, of 
whom 16,759 ^^^Q white, and 642 colored'; 9,129 male, and 8,272 female; 
16,632 native (7,709 born in Missouri) and 769 foreign. 

History. — The territory comprising Henry County was originally 
occupied by the Osage Indians, who upon the admission of Missouri as a 
State in 182 1 were transferred to the Indian Territory, now the south- 
eastern part of Kansas. They continued to hunt peaceably in this county 
up to 1837. Matthew Arbuckle in 1831 built a cabin 4 miles north of 
the present site of Calhoun and was the first settler. He was joined by 
Henry Avery, Wm. Reynolds, Isam Burnett, Robert Allen, and Drury 
Palmer. John M. Reed, John F. Sharp, Jno. Naves, B. Fand and T. B. 
Wallace settled upon the present site of Clinton in 1834. Benjamin 
and Amos Goodin, William Ogan, James Douglass, James Woodward 
and Robert Means settled in the north-eastern part of the county, near 
the present site of Windsor. The first settlers of the county until more 
than a year after its organization received their mail at Muddy Mills, a 
post-office 4 miles north of the present site of Sedalia, 35 miles distant. 

For a number of years Boonville, 80 miles distant, was the trading post 
of the county. Rives County, was organized Dec. 13th, 1834, being 
named in honor of Hon. Wm. C. Rives, then a prominent Democratic 
politician of Virginia. In 1834 the Hon. Chas. Allen, of Palmyra, held the 
first circuit court at the house of Henry Avery. The Governor appointed 
Joseph Fields sheriff. Robert Allen, elected in 1836, was the first sheriff 
chosen by the people — receiving less than 100 votes. Mr. Rives became 
a Whig, which so aroused the indignation of the people, that they on Feb. 
15th, 1 841, secured a change in the county name from Rives to Henry. 

Under the act of organization,- Henderson Young and Daniel 
McDowell, of Lafayette County, and Daniel M. Boone, of Jackson, were 
appointed commissioners to select the county seat. They fixed upon the 
present site of Clinton, and signed a patent for the same to the county, 
dated May ist, 1843. Clinton was laid out in 1846, and Peyton Parks 
was appointed county seat commissioner to sell the original 64 lots com- 
prising the town. The county was originally and mainly settled by 
emigration from Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia, and at the breaking 



230 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

out of the late Civil War, held 1,245 slaves. The people were divided 
in sentiment, and troops for each party were organized in the county, 
which was common territory, and alternately overrun by Federals and 
Confederates during the entire war. Many families not desiring to 
participate in the strife, and wishing to avoid the suffering and privation 
endured by those who remained, left the county — going north or south — 
as their sympathies prompted. Partisan and predatory bands roamed 
over the county, by whom many lives were taken, and much property 
destroyed, and what remained was rendered unsalable. 

With the close ot the war, the county began a new growth. Many 
who had fled for safety returned to repair their desolate homes and broken 
fortunes, while most of those actively and honorably engaged in the strife, 
vied with each other to restore what the war destroyed. At the same 
time emigrants from the eastern, middle and western States poured in, pur- 
chasing the rich lands, building houses and infusing their habits of thrift and 
energy into all about them. With this tide of immigration, there came a 
due proportion of active, energetic business men, who have done and are 
doing their full share toward bringing the county to an exalted place 
among those of western Missouri. 

Physical Features. — The county is situated on the southern slope 
of the ridge between the Missouri and Osage Rivers, and is mainly undu- 
lating prairie, except a small portion of the southern part, which is hiHy, 
broken and timbered, giving promise of rich mineral deposits. There are 
about 40,000 acres of good timber distributed through all parts of the 
county along the water-courses, and consisting of oak, hickory, walnut, 
ash, elm, linn, etc. The soil is very fertile, and nearly every 40-acre lot 
may be successfully cultivated. 

Grand River, entering from the west, 4 miles north of the center, and 
running south-easterly across the county, is the principal water course. 
Its chief tributaries are Big Creek and its branches, Honey Creek and 
Norris Fork in the north-west ; Tebo, with its branches, Sand, Wanders, 
Jones Fork, Main Fork and Barns Creeks in the north-east ; Deepwater, 
with its branches. Otter, Marshall, Cooper and Bear Creeks in the south- 
west ; while Fields, Dumplin, Pretty Bob and Cedar Creeks flow into 
Grand River from the north, below Big Creek. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, grasses, sor- 
ghum, potatoes of both kinds, tobacco, horses, cattle, hogs, sheep and mules. 
About two-thirds of the land is enclosed, and the balance furnishes excel- 
lent pasturage. 

The soil and climate are well adapted to fruit-culture. Apples, peaches, 
etc., with smaller fruits in abundance, and the grape are extensively and 
successfully cultivated. The county is credited with 25,000 acres of 
*' swamp land," which is generally the richest and best land of the 
county. 



HENRY COUNTY. 231 

The Mineral Resources are mainly coal of a superior quality, and 
in great abundance, in nearly every part of the county, which is being 
extensively mined along the line of the railroad. Iron in seemingly large 
quantities, and some good indications of lead are found in the south- 
eastern part of the county ; both are being developed. 

The Manufacturing Interests of the county are flouring and saw- 
mills, manufactories of agricultural implements, carriages, wagons, etc. 
Wealth.— Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^9,000,000.* 
Railroads.— The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad has 39 miles 
of track in the county, running diagonally from north-east to near the 
south-west corner. ^400,000 of the debt mentioned above was voted in aid 
of this road. Tke Kansas City, Memphis & Mobile Railroad, which is 
partly graded, has been voted ^200,000 in county bonds, and is to be 
built from the north-west to the south-east corner, passing through Clin- 
ton, and having about 40 miles of track in the county. 

The Exports are flour, wheat, fruit, potatoes, cattle, hogs, sheep, 
mules, horses, coal, agricultural implements, wagons and carriages. 

Educational Interests.— The people are zealous in the cause of gene- 
ral education, and every family is within easy access of a good 
school, which is taught about 8 months in each year. There are 
several select schools, and in Clinton is a flourishing graded union school. 
The county is well represented at the State and higher educational 
institutions. 

Bogard, a p. o. in a fine farming district, 12 miles n. w. of Clinton 

Calhoun, on the M., K. & T. R. R., u miles n. e. of Clinton, laid 
•out m 1837 and incorporated in 1870, is finely located with excellent 
manufacturing facilities on.the Tebo Creek, in the earliest settled portion 
of the county, and in a rich coal district. 

It has a fine flouring-mill, an agricultural implement and a furniture 
manufactory, about 10 stores, and a fine school building, and graded 
school. Population about 800. 

Carrsville, 12 miles n. of Clinton, has a flouring-mill and i general 
store. Population, about 50. 

CLINTON, the county seat and principal town, at the junction of 
the M., K. & T. R. R. with the K. C, M. & M. R. R., 229 miles from 
St. Louis, has a fine and healthy location on the north bank of Grand 
Hiver, near the center of the county, on the border of a high rolling 
.prairie. It was laid out in 1836 and incorporated in 1865, since which 
time it has grown from 600 to its present size of (estimated) 2,600 
population. 

Clinton contains many nevf and substantial business blocks and fine 
residences. It has 2 large flouring-mills, 2 carriage and wagon factories, 

•Assessed valuation for 1873, ^5,285,836. Bonded debt, ^600,000. 



232 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

and an agricultural implement manufactory, about 30 stores, an extensive 
lumberyard, 2 newspapers -the Clinton Advocate, and Henry County 
Democrat, 7 churches-Baptist, M. E. Ch., Christian, Cumberland 
Presbyterian, Southern Presbyterian, Reunited Presbyterian. The 
Lutherans and Catholics also have societies. It has besides, an elegant 
school building, costing $3o>ooo, and a good graded union school, 9 
months in the year, with an average attendance of about 500. 

The court-house which is a small but neat and substantial brick struc- 
ture, located in the center of the town in a beautiful locust grove, was 
erected by John D. Mercer, in 1837. 

Consville, on the proposed K. C, M. & M. R. R., 12 miles s. e. of 
Clinton, and on the south bank of Grand River, was laid out 1869, and is 
in a rich farming district, and has fine manufacturing facilities. It con- 
tains 6 stores, 3 churches and a good school. Population, about 500. 
Gaines' Farm, a post-office and store 10 miles s. e. of Clinton. 
Galbraith's Store, a post-office and store 10 miles e. s. e. of Clinton. 
Germantown, on Deepwater Creek 2 miles n. of Montrose, in a rich 
farming and good coal district, is settled mainly by Germans, and contams 
a fine Catholic church and school building. Population, about 200. 

Huntingdale, on Honey Creek, in a good timber and farmmg dis- 
trict, 8 miles n. of Clinton, laid out in i860, has a general store, and a 
population of about 50. 

LaDue, on Deep Water Creek and on the M., K. & T. R. R., 7 
miles s. w. of Clinton, contains 2 stores. Population, about 50. 

Leesville, in the border of the iron district, 14 miles e. of Clinton, and 
9 miles s. e. of Calhoun, was laid out in 1858, and has 3 stores and a 
good school. Population, about 200. 

Lewis Station, on the M., K. &T. R. R., 7 miles n. e. of Clinton, 

has I store. 

Lucas, 16 miles w. of Clinton, laid out in 1871, has 2 general stores. 

Population, about 100. 

Marvin, a post-office 10 miles w. of Clinton. 

Montrose, on M., K. & T. R. R., 13 miles s. w. of Clinton, is the 
trading-post for a rich farming district. It was laid out in 1870, and has 
9 stores, I lumber yard, an excellent school and three churches— Metho- 
dist, Cumberland and Reunited Presbyterian. Population, about 600. 

N orris Fork, a post-office 16 miles n. of Clinton. 

Shawnee Mound, a post-office and store 13 miles n. of Clinton. 

Urich, a post-office and store, 17 miles n. w. of Clinton. 

Windsor, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 19 miles n. e. of Clinton, was 
laid out in 1855 and incorporated in 1873. It has a high and healthy 
location, and is in the coal district. It has 9 stores, a fine flounng-mill, 
a good school and 3 churches— Baptist, Congregational and M. E. Ch. 
South. Large quantities of coal are shipped from this place. 



HICKORY COUNTY, 

In the south-west-central part of the State, is bounded north by Benton 
County, east by Camden and Dallas, south by Dallas and Polk, and 
west by St. Clair County, and contains 260,998 acres. 

Population in 1850, 2,329; in i860, 4,705; in 1870, 6,452, of whom 
6,362 were white, and 90 colored; 3,302 male, and 3,150 female; 6,202 
native (3,278 born in Missouri) and 250 foreign. 

History. — The first settlements in what is now Hickory County were 
made in 1836 or 1837, and the first land entries made in 1838, while it 
was a part of Benton and Polk Counties. It was organized Feb. 14th, 
1845, and named in honor of the "hero of New Orleans," and the 
county seat — Hermitage — after his residence. The first county court 
met at the house of Joel B. Halbert, on what is known as North 
Prairie, and one of the first orders made was that the next court should 
be held at the house of John Herd, it being near the site of the prospec- 
tive county seat. One meeting of the court was held there, and then 
the place of meeting was again changed to the house of Thomas Davis, 
at the present site of Hermitage. The county has steadily increased in 
population, as above shown. During the late Civil War, it suf- 
fered much from the frequent raids of both armies, and at its close, pre- 
sented rather a desolate aspect. 

Physical Features. — ^The face of the country is varied, being about 
two-thirds timber and one-third prairie. The Pomme de Terre River, 
entering from the south and running due north, divides the county into 
two nearly equal parts. Along this stream is a rough, hilly and broken 
country of about 4 miles in width, beyond which on either side are large 
and fertile prairies well cultivated. Near the east boundary is Little 
Niangua Creek, in the south-east is Lindley, and in the west are Little 
Pomme de Terre, Hogles, and Wableau Creeks. Springs are numerous, 
and the water very pure. The timber mostly consists of the various kinds 
of oak, hickory, walnut, sycamore, persimmon, hackberry, ash, maple, 
linn and elm. The valleys and prairies are productive. In the broken 
parts contiguous to streams, the soil is too rocky to be susceptible of prof- 
itable cultivation. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, rye, corn, potatoes, 
sweet potatoes, cotton, etc., among which corn is the staple. Fruit is 
abundant and excellent. About two-thirds of the county is arable. 
There are about 6,000 or 7.000 acres of swamp land, and considerable 
Government land in the county. 

Mineral Resources. — Lead was discovered shortly after the settle- 



234 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

tnent of the county, but the deposits, which are supposed to be very 
extensive, have been but little worked until quite recently. The mineral 
lands occupy nearly half of the area of the county, and lie mostly on the 
rocky hills on either side of the Pomme de Terre River. The lead crops 
out on the surface, and is frequently found while digging wells, etc. 
Large quantities have already been mined and smelted. Wealthy com 
panies have leased of land, and are preparing to prosecute mining in a 
scientific and systematic manner, in hopes of rivaling Granby and Joplin. 

The Manufacturing Interests are confined to flouring and saw- 
mills, and a cheese factory. 

'Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $2,000,000.* 

The Export? are principally wheat, corn, fruit and lead. 

The Educational Interests have been somewhat neglected, but 
public schools are now organized in many of the sub-districts; average 
session 4 months in the year. 

Black Oak Point, 6 miles e. of Hermitage, was a thriving place, 
but was wholly destroyed during the Civil War. It now contains i store. 

Cornersville, a post-office 15 miles s. w. of Hermitage. 

Cross Timbers, 8 miles n. e. of Hermitage, on North Prairie, was 
settled in 1870, and contains 2 stores, i steam saw and grist-mill. Pop- 
ulation, about 150. 

Elkton, 12 miles s. s. w. of Hermitage, contains i store. 

HERMITAGE, the county seat, is situated near the center of the 
county, on the Pomme de Terre River in the midst of the mining dis- 
trict, and 45 miles from Lebanon, Laclede County, the nearest railroad 
station. It was settled in 1846 or '47, and became the county seat by 
vote of the people, March 15th, 1847, the title being acquired by pur- 
chase from Thomas Davis. It was Incorporated, but the law is not now 
in force. It has i school, i steam saw and grist-mill, 4 stores, and i 
printing office. Population, about 200. 

Goose Neck, a post-office about 14 miles e. of Hermitage. 

Judy's Gap. — See Quincy. 

Pittsburg, 8 miles s. of Hermitage, contains i store. 

Quincy, (Judy's Gap,) 12 miles w. n. w. of Hermitage, was settled 
in 1845. It is in the midst of a good agricultural district, and 
near mineral deposits, and contains i steam carding-mill, i steam 
saw and grist-mill, 2 stores, i Masonic hall, and i school.' 

Roney, a post-office 14 miles n. n. e. of Hermitage. 

Wheatland, 5 miles w. and the rival of Hermitage, is near the 
western portion of the mining district, and is in the midst of a fine agri- 
cultural region. It was settled in 1868, incorporated in 1870, and con- 
tains I steam grist and saw-mill, i carding machine and cotton gin, i 
school, and about 4 stores. Population, about 200. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, j^i, 284,183. Taxation, J0.50 per |ioo. The county has no debt. 



HOLT COUNTY, 

In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by Atchison and 
Nodaway Counties, east by Nodaway and Andrew, south and west by the 
Missouri River, which separates it from Kansas and Nebraska, and con- 
tains 272,761 acres. 

Population in 1850, 3,957; in i860, 6,550; in 1870, 11,652 of 
whom 11,468 were white, and 184 colored; 6,173 male, and 5,479 
female ; 11,003 native (5,314 born in Missouri,) and 649 foreign. 

History. — In 1838, P. and B. Stevenson, Robert H. Russell (present 
probate judge,) John Russell, John Sterrett and James Key, settled about 
5 miles south-east of the present site of Oregon. In 1839, John Blair and 
his sons, James and Uriah, also Daniel and Jeremiah Baldwin with their 
families, settled on and near Pierson's Branch about 3 miles below Mound 
City, and in the same year John Gibson, Harmon G. Noland and Roland 
Burnett settled in the vicinity of Oregon. About the same time, Abram 
and Adam Sharpe settled in Sharpe's Grove, in the north-western part of 
the county. Many of those pioneers are still living, and are full of remin- 
iscences of the hardships and adventures of those early days. 

In 1841, Henry Roselius, Cord H. Walter, and Henry Dankes, from 
Hanover, Germany, settled in the north-western part of the county, and 
soon gathered around them a number of their countrymen, nearly all of 
whom have become independent, and are among the best citizens of the 
county. 

The local names given by the people in early days to the different parts 
of the county are still in use ; many of them were suggested by physical 
features, and others given in honor of pioneers. Nearly one-half of Nod- 
away township is known as Nickolls Grove, from its earliest settler, 
Robert Nickolls. Whig Valley, (Highly Creek,) was christened by the 
old line Whigs who settled it. Allen's Grove, south-west of Whig Valley, 
is named from the man who planted it. King's Grove, north-west of 
Whig Valley, was so called for its first occupant, John B. King. Ross' 
Grove, 5 miles north of Mound City, was settled by Robert K. Ross, the 
pioneer of that part of the country. Sharpe's Grove, commencing 2^ 
miles east from Corning, extending eastward about 4 miles, northward to 
the county line and south to the vicinity of Craig, about 4 miles, was 
named for the brothers Sharpe. The south-.eastern portion of the county, 
the great blackberry region, is known as Cracker's Neck ; the Missouri 
River bottom below Forest City as the Lower Bottom ; that between 



236 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Forest City and Bigelow as the Upper Bottom ; above Bigelow comes 
Rush Bottom, so called from the heavy growth of rushes. 

In February, 1839, all that portion of the Platte Purchase north of 
Buchanan County, was organized and attached to Buchanan for civil 'and 
military purposes, under the name of the territory of Ne-at-a-wah. This 
included the present counties of Andrew, Holt, Nodaway and Atchison, 
and extended into Iowa. Nodaway County was organized January 29th, 
1841, and embraced all that portion of Ne-at-a-wah west of the Nodaway 
River, but the death of the Hon. David Rice Holt, member from Platte, 
during the session, induced the Legislature, February 15 th, to change the 
name to Holt, which was reduced to nearly its present limits, January 
2d, 1843. 

The first circuit court was held in 1841, David R. Atchison, judge. 
The first county court was held March 24th, 1841, Harmon G. Noland, 
James Crowley and Joshua Adkins, justices; Bayliss B. Grigsby, clerk, 
and Richard Barkhurst, sheriff. Col. John W. Kelly %vas the first enrolled 
attorney. 

In the early part of the Civil War, the Confederates had possession of 
the county, but in September, 1861, they — 300 strong — were surprised 
and routed at Blair's Lane, by about 90 Federal recruits and citizens. 
For several weeks after numerous small bands of the Confederates raided 
through the county, but finally moved southward and joined Gen. Price's 
command. Several men were killed by bushwhackers, but the county 
suffered comparatively little during the war. 

Physical Features. — Holt forms a part of the Platte Purchase, dis- 
tinguished for its beauty and fertility. The Missouri River lies along the 
entire southern and western boundary, and the Nodaway on the eastern. 
The bottoms of the former occupy more than one-third of the county, and 
in the northern and central parts are at least 10 miles wide. The bluffs 
are from 125 to 200 feet high, with occasional intervals of low hills. From 
the highest of these bluffs may be seen a landscape of great loveliness. On 
the one side the Missouri and the streams tributary to it, the Tarkio, Little 
Tarkio, Squaw, Davis and other creeks, winding through fertile bottoms in 
which are scattered beautiful farms surrounded by belts of timber — black 
walnut, honey locust, coral berry, red and American elm, sumach, etc., — 
the view being bounded in the far distance by the bluffs of Nebraska and 
Kansas ; on the other, a fine rolling country well watered by numerous 
springs and small streams which, through the Nodaway, reach the Mis- 
souri. In the north-east, the bottoms of Davis, Tarkio and Squaw Creeks 
are narrow and their banks steep, but the hills in this section are quite 
low. 

The timber in the north-east is scanty. In the western part of the 
'county are several small bayous upon which fisheries have been estab- 
lished. Good mill sites may be found upon all the larger streams. The 



HOLT COUNTY. 237 

.bottom lands of the Missouri are exceedingly fertile, but about one-fifth 
of them are subject to overflow. They are connected with the bluffs by 
.a rich belt one-fourth to one-half of a mile in width, of a gently sloping 
land, and the "bluff" washed from the hills above is the principal ingre- 
dient of this soil. The upland prairies are very productive ; the bluffs 
produce excellent wheat and corn, and seem especially fitted for vine- 
yards. 

In 1864, Holt had 25,702 acres of swamp lands, from which ;^53,i74.63 
for the school fund has been realized, while a portion is still held by the 
county. Liberal appropriations for the drainage of these lands have 
•already been made, and it is believed that the ditches and levees now 
being constructed, will render thousands of acres fit for cultivation, thus 
.adding to the wealth and healthfulness of the county. 

Agricultural Productions. — The soil is well adapted to the cultiva- 
tion of corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, hemp, tobacco, the grasses, buck- 
wheat, flax, potatoes, apples, pears, peaches and the small fruits generally. 
The fruit of Holt County is unsurpassed, and has repeatedly taken pre- 
miums at St. Joseph, Kansas City and other places where it has been 
exhibited. 

Mineral Resources. — There are some indications of coal. Red clay 
is found on Tarkio Creek, and quarries of sandstone and limestone near 
Forest City. 

The Manufacturing Interests are principally confined to flour, 
lumber, woolen goods, barrels, brooms, rope, wine and cheese. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^8,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs Railroad 
has 40 miles of road running from the south-eastern to the north-western 
part of the county. 

The Exports are hogs, cattle, hemp, tobacco, corn, wheat and 
lumber. 

The Educational Interests are prospering. Public schools are 
in operation in every part of the county, and in some districts excellent 
buildings have been erected. The commodious high school building in 
Oregon cost ^15,000. 

Bigelow, on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 39 miles north of St. 
Joseph, laid off in 1868 by H. L. Williams, is surrounded by a fertile 
country and near an abundance of timber. It has 4 stores, i public 
school-house and 2 hotels. A saw mill near the town furnishes large 
quantities of cottonwood lumber for Nebraska, Kansas and the southern 
portions of Atchison and Nodaway counties. Population about 250. 

Corning, on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 52 miles north of 
;St. Joseph, is the most northern station in the county. The country 

•Assessed valuation in 1873, ^3,924, 172. Taxation, $1.25 per %i<x>. The county is'out of debt. 



238 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS OUR L 

about is settled by thrifty Germans. It is ^ mile from the Missouri 
River, and is the shipping point for several miles up and down the river. 
It was laid out in the fall of 1868, and contains 6 stores, i wagon and 
harness shop, 2 hotels, i grist-mill, and i fine public school-house, which 
is also used for church purposes. Population about 200. 

Craig, on the K. C, St, J. & C. B. R. R., 46 miles north of St. 
Joseph, situated between the two Tarkio Creeks, in the bottom near the 
bluffs, was laid off in 1868, and has seven stores, i hotel, i public 
school-house and i M. E. Church. Population about 275. 

Elm Grove, (Forbes,) on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 21 
miles north of St. Joseph, laid out by Levi Devorse in 1869, is a brisk 
business place, dealing largely in cord-wood and railroad ties ; is sur- 
rounded by a fine fruit country, and is the shipping point for the black- 
berry region. It has 4 stores and a good school-house. Population 
about 200. 

Forbes. — See Elm Grove. 

Forest City, on the K. C, St. J., & C. B. R. R., 29 miles north of 
St. Joseph, the second town in the county, has a population of about. 
700, and was laid out in 1857. The town grew rapidly until the break- 
ing out of the Civil War, when many of its citizens enlisted, and there 
was a general stagnation of business. To add to its misfortune, the 
channel of the Missouri changed and left it without a landing, but when 
the railroad was built, trade revived, and it has 13 stores, 2 wagon and 
carriage and 3 carpenter shops, 2 saw-mills, 2 flouring-mills, 2 public: 
schools, 2 hotels, i lumber yard and 3 churches — M. E. Ch. South, 
Presbyterian and Catholic. 

Grant, 8 miles n. e. of Oregon and 11 miles from Forest City, was. 
settled in 1872 ; is surrounded by a fine farming country, and has good 
timber and building stone easy of access. The country adjacent is one 
of the wealthiest neighborhoods in the county. It has i wagon shop and. 
I general store. 

Konoko, a post-office ia King's Grove, 14 miles e. n. e. of Craig. 
Mound City, 3^^ miles n. e. of Bigelow, has 5 stores, i lumberyard, 
I harness and i wagon shop, 2 hotels, t flouring and i saw-mill, i school- 
house and I church — Presbyterian. Population, about 350. 

OREGON, the county seat, 2^ miles east of Forest City, was locat- 
ed in July, 1 841, by Edward Smith, Travis Finley and Jno. A. Williams, 
and for a short time was called Finley. The first caurt was held here in 
1842. This place is noted for the beauty of its location and the taste, 
with which it is laid out. The court-house is surrounded by a lovely 
park, not large but containing more than forty varieties of native trees 
and evergreens. The public school is justly the pride of the town, as. 
the building and the grade of scholarship will compare favorably with 
any in north-western Missouri. The grounds and buildings of the Holt 



HOLT COUNTY. 239 

County Mechanical and Agricultural Association are an ornament to the 
town. It has 5 churches — Presbyterian, M. E. Ch., German M. E. Ch., 
Christian and colored Baptist ; 20 stores, i wagon and 2 harness shops, 3 
hotels, I grist-mill, i woolen factory, and i newspaper — the Holt County 
Sentinel, published by Adam Klippel. Population, about 900. 

Richville, 5 miles e. of Oregon, was laid out by J. M. Templeton, in 
1855. Population, about 40. 

West Union, a deserted town on the Missouri River. 

Whig Valley, on the Nodaway, 11 miles n. e. of Bigelow, was set- 
tled by some old line Whigs, and has an intelligent and enterprising pop- 
ulation. It contains i good school-house, a fine bridge across the Noda- 
way, I grist-mill and i general store. 



HOWARD COUNTY, 

In the central part of the State, is bounded north by Randolph County, 
east by Boone, south and west by the Missouri River, which separates it 
from Cooper and Saline, and north-west by Chariton County, and con- 
tains 288,234 acres. 

Population in 1820, 13,426; in 1830, 10,854; in 1840, 13,108; 
in 1850, 13,969; in i860, 15,946; in 1870, 17,233, of whom 12,040 
were white and 5,193 colored; 8,977 male and 8,256 female; 16,679 
native (13,167 born in Missouri,) and 554 foreign. 

History.— Lewis and Clarke, appointed by President Jefferson "to 
explore and survey the Missouri River from its mouth to its source, and 
a route thence across the Rocky Mountains and down the Columbia 
River to the Pacific Ocean," left their camp at or near the mouth of the 
Missouri, May 14th, 1804, and on the June 7th following encamped for 
the night at the mouth of Bonne Femme (Good Woman) Creek. This 
is the first authentic record of any American landing on the soil of what 
is now Howard County. During the day they explored the country at 
the mouth of Big Moniteau Creek, where they found a point of rocks 
covered with uncouth and hieroglyphic paintings, but the dread of the 
infesting rattlesnakes prevented a more critical examination. On the 8th 
they arrived at the mouth of La Mine River ; on the 9th they reached 
Arrow Rock, and in their narrative very accurately describe the river 
and the adjoining country, especially a salt lick, which was evidently 
what is now known as Boone's Lick. The next morning they passed 
the mouth of the two Charitons, which then entered the Missouri River 
together. When near the mouth of Grand River they met a trading 
party from the Sioux Nation, from whom they procured the services of 
a Mr. Durion, who had lived with the Sioux for more than 20 years. As 
they returned from the Pacific coast in 1806, they passed along the west- 
ern and southern borders of Howard County in September, encamping 
opposite the mouth of La Mine on the evening of the i8th, and passing 
the spot where Boonville now stands early on the morning of the 19th.* 
Mr. Durion above mentioned, was afterward employed with Capt. Jos. 
Cooper, one of the oldest settlers of Howard, to assist the commissioners 
who ran the western and northern boundary lines of Missouri. Capt. Jos. 
Cooper came with the party from Loutre Island who first settled the Boone's 
Lick country, and was an active participant in all the events of those 

*Soe Lewk& Clarke's Expedition, Vol. I & II pp. 11-13 & P- 432- Philadelphia: Bradford & Ins- 
keep, 1814. 



242 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

days. He made himself acquainted with the country from New Orleans 
to St. Paul, and after acting as guide for parties through the western 
wilds, he accumulated a handsome fortune, and in his old age enjoys the 
confidence and respect of all who know him. He has a more vivid recol- 
lection of the many exciting incidents of those early days than any one 
else now living, and to all his statements may be given the most 
unbounded confidence. To more fully illustrate the incidents of those 
times, the following correspondence is inserted : 

Walnut Grove, near New Franklin, ) 
Howard Co., Mo., Jan. i8th, 1874. J 
Capt. Joseph Cooper, Sugar Tree Grove : 

Dear and Venerable Friend : — I have been requested by 
Mr. R. A. Campbell, of St. Louis, to furnish him with inci- 
dents of the first settlements and Indian Wars in Howard County. 
The settlements partly began in 1807 and 1808. Then by a num- 
ber of persons in Cooper's Bottom in 1810; others in 1811, at and 
around where Forts Hempstead and Kincaid were built in the spring of 
181 2, when the Indian Wars commenced. As you are aware, I was born 
about 3 miles north of Fort Hempstead, March 3rd, 181 a, my father 
moving into the fort and doing duty as one of the militia during the 
entire war, and up to 181 5. I was too young, of course, to recollect the 
incidents, except by hearsay, yet I have a vivid recollection of very many 
of them, and could recite them well, but I prefer to get the testimony of 
yourself and others who were active participants in the scenes of those 
memorable days. I would be glad if you can answer to-day, as I want 
to close up the information asked for, at the earliest moment. 

Yours most truly, Newton G. Elliott. 



[answer.] Sugar Tree Grove, ) 

Howard Co., Mo. Jan. i8th, 1874. J 
Col. Newton G. Elliott : ■ 

Dear Sir: — In reply to your inquiries touching the early history of 
the settlements in Howard County, I would make the following state- 
ments: I am 81 years, 2 months and 20 days old at this dale. I was 
born in Madison County, Kentucky, and moved to Missouri in the fall of 
1807, and settled in Hancock Bottom in St. Charles County. In 1810, 
I moved to the Boone's Lick country. During the summer of 1807, 
Daniel and Nathan Boone, sons of the elder Boone, and Messrs. Goforth, 
Baldridge and Manly made salt at Boone's Lick, and in the fall of the 
same year, shipped it down the river in canoes made of hollow sycamore 
logs, with the ends daubed up with clay. They landed opposite my 
father's house in St. Charles County. In the spring of 1808, Lieut, Col. 
Een Cooper, my uncle, and his family moved and located about 2 miles 



HOWARD COUNTY. 243 

south-west of Boone's Lick, in the Missouri Bottom, near the river. 
They shortly afterward received an order frona Gov. Merriwether Lewis, 
directing them to remove their residence to a point below the mouth of 
the Gasconade River. He thereupon located at Loutre Island, where he 
remained nearly two years. Though Daniel Boone first explored this 
region, and discovered the salt springs, yet he was not a settler, and took 
no part in the Indian troubles in Howard County. In the fall of 1808, 
Fort Osage, since called Six Mile, and now, Sibley, Jackson County, was 
settled. About Feb. 20th, 1810, Col. Ben. Cooper, with his five sons and 
others, started for the Boone's Lick country, where they arrived in March, 
and he took possession of the same cabin he had left two years before, 
and which had not been disturbed. The names of these settlers and 
their previous residences, as far as known to me, are as follows : 

FROM MADISON CO., KY. FROM ESTILL CO., KY. 

Lieut. Col. Ben Cooper. Amos Ashcraft. 

Francis Cooper. Otho Ashcraft. 

William Cooper. Jesse Ashcraft. 

Daniel Cooper. James Alexander. 
John Cooper. 

y Capt. Sarshall Cooper (killed April from Tennessee. 

14th, 1814). John Ferrell. 

Braxton Cooper, Sr. Henry Ferrell. 

Joseph Cooper. Robert Hancock. 
Stephen Cooper. 

Braxton Cooper, Jr. (killed Sep- from Virginia. 

tember, 18 13). James Kile. 
Robert Cooper. 

James Hancock. from south Carolina. 

Albert Hancock. Gray Bynum, first clerk of Howard 

William Berry. County. 
John Berry. 

Robert Erwin. from GEORGIA. 

Robert Brown. Stephen Jackson. 
Joseph Wolfskin. 

William Thorp (Baptis*- minister). from ste. genevieve. 

John Thorp. Peter Popineau, a Frenchman. 
Josiah Thorp. 

James Thorp. previous residence unknown. 

Gilead Rupe. John Busby, killed February, 1814. 

James Jones. James Anderson. 

John Peak. Middleton Anderson. 

Wm. Wolfskin. William Anderson. 
Adam Woods. 



244 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

The women belonging to these families did not arrive until the follow- 
ing July or August. 

The first white man killed by the Indians in the Boone's Lick country- 
was Jonathan Todd, who had his head cut off and stuck on a pole, near 
the present Howard and Boone County Line, and near Thrall's Prairie. 
Thomas Smith was killed at the same time ; he ran a mile and a half, and 
just after he had crossed a small creek, and was ascending a hill, the In- 
dians (probably Sacs and Foxes,) overtook and killed him. Both of them 
had their heads cut off and their hearts cut out and stuck upon sticks at 
the roadside. 

Capt. Sarshall Cooper, my father, was killed April 14th, 181 4, in his. 
house at Cooper's Fort, by an unknown person, who picked out the chink- 
ing and shot him through the opening. We had taken a pirogue from 
some Frenchmen who were attempting to take it up the river loaded with 
whisky, powder and lead for the Indians. We first stopped them and 
ordered them back ; keeping watch the next night and the night follow- 
ing, we caught them in a second attempt to pass up the river, and took 
the pirogue from them. I think one of this party killed my father. We 
kept the pirogue and its cargo untouched for two or three years, until 
peace had been made, and no one applied for it. Upon our return from 
pursuing the Indians who captured Heath's negroes in 1815, we drank up 
the whisky, and had a great frolic over it. Samuel Boler, commonly 
called Potter, from his trade, was killed near Noah Smith's, in July, 1813, 
4 miles north-west of the present site of Boonville. 

Braxton Cooper, Jr., was killed by the Indians in September, 18 13, 
2 miles north-east of New Franklin, where he was cutting logs to build a 
house. They had a hard hand to hand struggle, and fought over a large 
plat of ground before they killed him, as was shown by the broken reeds- 
and bushes. He had two bullets in his gun, and we found an Indian's 
buckskin hunting shirt stained with blood, with two bullet holes in it 
about an inch apart. After following the trail for a mile and a half we 
lost it, and had to abandon the pursuit. Cooper fell on his face and still 
held his knife in his hand, which was stained with blood. The Indians 
did not go near him after the struggle, but his dog stayed by him and 
howled, until David Boggs (Cooper's brother-in-law,) and Jesse Turner 
crawled to him at night, fearing the Indians were concealed, watching 
him. I was there with 25 or 30 men from Forts Cooper, Hempstead and 
Kincaid, by daylight the next morning, 

Wm. McLane was killed in October 1813, near B. F. Broadus' land 
6 miles s. w. of Fayette; Samuel McMahon was killed Dec. 24th, 1814, 
4 miles west of Boonville, in the morning, and Wm. Gregg in the 
evening of the same day, 4 miles above Arrow Rock, in Saline County. 
Joseph Still was killed on Chariton River, October 181 3, and about the 
same time John Smith was killed 4 miles below Cole's Fort, in Cooper 



HOWARD COUNTY. 245 

County; also, Samuel Brown's negro Joe, near Burckhartt, Lick, and near 
where Estill Station now is. When we came here we drove cattle and 
hogs with us, which made the journey a very slow one. We packed no 
provisions but some corn, as we could get all the game we wanted, killing 
deer as easily as we can now kill sheep in a pasture. We used the corn 
for bread, grinding it with small circular hand mills made of stone. We 
used a great deal of hominy scalded with lye, and were without either 
coffee or tea. The first cog-wheel horse-mill built in the county was at 
Fort Kincaid, in 1815; the next one at Fort Hempstead, the year fol- 
lowing. People came 20 miles to these mills. The first cloth made 
here was made from nettles, and the first cloth shirt I wore here was of 
this material. It was used both for shirts and pants for summer wear. 
In the winter, buckskin hunting shirt and breeches were worn. The first 
store goods were brought here by Robert Morris, about 181 5. I think 
the first steamboat ascended the river in 18 19, and was bound to Council 
Bluffs. The first flatboat on the river, I built in 181 8, sawing the plank 
(hackberry) myself with a whip saw. I built two the same season, loaded 
them with corn in the ear, took them to St. Louis, sold my corn at from 
50 cents to ^i per bushel, most of it for seed corn, sold the boats for a 
trifle, and walked back. Yours most truly, 

(Signed) Joseph Cooper. 



Walnut Grove, near New Franklin, ") 
Howard Co., Mo., Jan. 22nd, 1874. j 
las. Barnes, Esq., Sturgeon, Mo. : 

Dear and Venerable Friend : — Capt. Jos. Cooper, of Howard 
County, writes me a letter in reference to the early history of that county, 
and has requested me, if convenient, to ask you to read it or have it read, 
and if you recollect the incidents as he does, to indorse it as true. 

I am respectfully your friend, Newton G. Elliott. 



[answer.] Sturgeon, Mo., Jan. 22nd, 1874. 

Col. Newton G. Elliott: 

Dear Sir : — The letter of my early and tried friend, Capt. Joseph 
Cooper, in relation to the early settlement of the Boone's Lick country, 
has been read to me, and I heartily indorse as true all he has said. My 
eyesight is so dim that I am unable to read it myself, being 86 years old. 
I came to the Boone's Lick country in 1810, and was a participant in 
very many of the incidents mentioned in Capt. Cooper's letter. Harr 
rison Jameson (my brother-in-law) and myself were making saltpetre in 
a cave, just below the mouth of Moniteau Creek, the morning that 



246 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 

Jonathan Todd and Thomas Smith were killed. We had been informed 
by the Indian Agent that the Indians were coming to kill us, and that 
morning we threw all our saltpetre into a canoe and started for Fort 
Kincaid, arriving there in time to go out with the command to get the 
dead bodies of Todd and Smith, and chastise the Indians, if found, for, 
after the murder they had set fire to the woods to destroy their trail. In 
April 1816, I took to New Orleans for sale a boat-load of provisions, etc., 
consisting of venison, bear meat, mast-fed pork, honey, hides, peltries 
and furs. I visited the battle-field and graves where the British were 
buried who had been killed by Gen. Jackson and his forces in the memo- 
rable battle of Jan. 8th, 1815. A great many other incidents of the 
early history of the county might have been given, but I, like others who 
participated, am getting too old to furnish a minute history. 

(Signed), Respectfully, James Barnes. 



In the spring of 181 2 hostilities were commenced by the Indians, mostly 
Sacs and Foxes, Kickapoos and Pottawatamies, and Forts Hempstead, Kin- 
caid, Cooper and Cole were erected, and into them the settlers retired 
with their families, where they remained for the next three years. 

Cooper's Fort was located about 2 miles south-west of Boone's Lick. 
Fort Kincaid was east -south-east about 9 miles distant, and about i mile 
north of the present Boonville railroad bridge. Fort Hempstead was 
about i^ miles north of Fort Kincaid. Each fort was a series of log 
houses, built together around an enclosure. In each house lived a fam- 
ily, and the stock was corraled and the property of the settlers secured at 
night in the enclosure. 

Owing to the Indian troubles, immigration had nearly ceased. Imme- 
diately after the erection of these forts the people organized themselves 
into a military company, with Sarshall Cooper as captain ; ist lieute- 
nant, Wm. McMahon; 2d lieutenant, John Monroe; ensign, Ben 
Cooper, Jr. 

SERGEANTS. CORPORALS. 

ist, John McMurray. ist, Andrew Smith. 

2d, Samuel McMahon. 2d, Tliomas Vaughan. 

3d, Adam Woods. 3d, James McMahon. 

4th, Davis Todd. 4th, John Busby. 

5th, John Mathis. 5th, James Barnes. 

6th, Jesse Ashcraft. 

The number of men able to bear arms was 112. The following lists 
comprise all the men and boys in the different forts : 



HO WARD CO UNTY. 



247 



James Alexander, 
James Anderson, 
Middleton Anderson, 
William Anderson, 
Gray Bynum, 
John Busby, 
Robert Brown, 
Samuel Brown, 
Benjamin Cooper, 
Sarshall Cooper, 
Frank Cooper, 

William Cooper, 

David Cooper, 

John Cooper, 

Braxton Cooper, 

Joseph Cooper, 

Stephen Cooper, 

Robert Cooper, 

Henly Cooper, 

Patrick Cooper, 

Jesse Cox, 

Solomon Cox, 



George Alcorn, 

James Alcorn, 

Wm. Allen, 

John Arnold, 

Price Arnold, 

Joseph Austin, 

John Austin, 

Robert Austin, 

Wm. Baxter, 

Big Berry, 

John Berry, 

Wm. Berry, 

David Boggs, 

Joseph Boggs, 

Make Box, 

Joseph Boyers, 

Robert Brown, 

Samuel Brown, 

Wm. Brown, 

Townsend Brown. 

Christopher Burckartt 

Nicholas S. Burckartt 

Andrew Carson, 

Lindsay Carson (father of 

Kit Carson), 
Moses Carson, 



FORT COOPER. 

John Ferrill, 

Henry Ferrill, 

Edward Good, 

Harmon Gregg, 

William Gregg, 

David Gregg, 

Robert Heath, 

Robert Hancock, 

Abbott Hancock, 

Josiah Higgins, 
Frederick Hyatt, 

Robert Irvme, 
David Jones, 
John Jones, 
Jesse Jones, 
George Jackson, 
Stephen Jackson, 
James Jackson, 
Samuel McMahon, 
Thomas McMahon, 
James McMahon, 
William McMahon, 

FORT HEMPSTEAD. 

Charles Canole, 

Wm. Canole, 

Isaac Clark, 

Joseph Cooley, 

James Cooley, 

Perrin Cooley, 

Braxton Cooper, Jr., 

James Cockrell, 

Thos. Chandler, 

James Creason, 

Jno. Creason, 

Peter Creason, 

Wm. Creason, 

Daniel Crump, 

Harper Davis, 

James Douglas, 

Daniel Durbin, 

John Elliott (father of Col, 

N. G. Elliott), 
Braxton Fugate, 
Hiram Fugate, 
Reuben Fugate, 
Sarshall Fugate, 
Simeon Fugate, 
Reuben Gentry, 
Samuel Gibbs, 



John O'Bannon, 

Thomas O'Bannon, 

Judiah Osmond, 

Samuel Perry, 

William Read, 

Benoni Sappington, 

John Sappington, 

James Sappington, 

Daniel Tillman, 

John Thorp, 

William Thorp (a Baptist 

minister), 
Samuel Turley, 
Stephen Turley, 
Ezekiei Williams, 
Thomas Wasson, 
Joseph Wasson, 
Adam Woods, 
Wm. Wolfskin, 
Joseph Wolfskin, 
Wm. Wolfskin, Jr. 



Abner Grooms, 

John Grooms, 

Wm. Grooms, 

Alfred Head, 

Moses Head, 

Robert Hinkson, 

John James, 

James Jones, 

Abner Johnson, 

Noah Katen; 

Joseph McLane, 

Wm. McLane, 

Ewing McLane 

David McQuitty, 

Wm. Monroe (called Long 

Gun), 
Joseph Moody, 
Susan Mullins, 
Thompson Mullins, 
John Peak, 
Wm. Pipes, 
Michael Poage, 
Robert Poage, 
Joseph Poage, 
Christopher Richardson, 
Jesse Richardson, 



24$ 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI, 



James Richardson, 
Silas Richardson, 
John Rupe, 
Henry Simmons, 
Reuben Smith, 
Andrew Smith, 
Thomas Smith, 
John Snethan, 
James Snethan, 
Joseph Still, 



Amos Ashcraft, 
Jesse Ajihcraft, 
Otho Ashcraft, 
Amos Barnes, 
Aquilla Barnes, 
Abraham Barnes, 
James Barnes, 
John Barnes, 
Shadrach Barnes, 
Robert Barclay, 
Francis Berry, 
Campbell Bolen, 
Delany Bolen, 
Wm. Brazil, 
David Burris, 
Henry Burris, 
Reuben Cornelius, 



FORT HKMPSTEAD.- 

John Stinson, 
Nathan Teague, 
Solomon Teters, 
David Teters, 
John Teters, 
Isaac Thornton, 
John Thornton, 
Davis Todd, 
Elisha Todd, 
Jonathon Todd, 



-[Continued.) 

Levi Todd, 
James Turner, 
Philip Turner, 
Jesse Turner, 
Thomas Vaughan, 
Robert Wilds, 
William Wadkins, 
James Whitley, 
Benjamin Young, 
John Yarnell. 



FORT KINCAID. 

Pryor Duncan, 
Stephen Fields, 
John Fields, 
Cornelius Gooch, 
Thos. Gray, 
John Hines, 
Daniel Hubbard, 
Asaph Hubbard, 
Eusebius Hubbard, 
Joe Jolly, 
David Kincaid, 
Matthew Kincaid, 
John Kincaid, 
John McMurray, 
Adam McCord, 
Daniel Monroe, 



John Monroe, 
John Mathis, 
Wm. Nash, 
John Parsley, 
Wm. Ridgeway, 
Wm. Robertson, 
Edward Robertson, 
Gilead Rupe, 
Enoch Taylor, 
Isaac Taylor, 
Wm. Taylor, 
Enoch Turner, 
Giles Williams, 
Britton Williams, 
Francis Wood, 
Henry Weeden. 



There were several smaller forts or stockades erected at different points 
and times, which were occasionally occupied., principally by persons 
named in the above lists. Fort McMahon, 2 miles below Arrow Rock on 
the south bank of the Missouri River, was mostly supplied by Fort 
Cooper ; Cole's Fort, just below the present site of Boonville, by Fort 
Kincaid. Forts Head and Arnold, the former about 2^ miles north- 
north-west of Rocheport, and the latter i^ miles further north, were 
partly supplied from Fort Hempstead. 

March 9th, 1815, a treaty was concluded with the Indians, by which 
the territory within the following limits was resigned to the whites : ** begin- 
ning at the mouth of Kaw River, thence running north 140 miles, thence 
east to the waters of the Au-ha-ha, which empties into the Mississippi, 
thence to a point opposite the mouth of the Gasconade, thence up the 
Missouri River, with its meanders to the place of beginning." * 

The Indians mostly left the country, but returned occasionally in small 



* Proclamation of Gov. Clarke, March 9th, 1815. 



HOWARD COUNTY. 249 

bodies, generally as hunting parties, committing no depredations other 
than a few petty thefts. 

Howard County was organized January 23d, 18 16, and named in honor 
of Benjamin Howard, former governor of the Territory. It included all 
that part of the State north of the Osage River, and west of Cedar Creek, 
and the dividing ridge between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers.* 

It then embraced the territory since divided into 31 counties, 19 north 
and 12 south of the river, besides parts of 9 others. The act organizing 
the county located the seat of justice at Cole's Fort, where the first court 
was held July 8th, 1816. The officers of the court, which under the ter- 
ritorial laws discharged the duties now incumbent on the county and 
circuit courts, were David Barton, judge; Gray Bynum, clerk; John J. 
Heath, circuit attorney; and Nicholas S.Burckhartt sheriff. John Monroe 
was appointed coroner, and the Legislature appointed Benjamin Estell, 
David Jones, David Kincaid, William Head and Stephen Cole commis- 
sioners to choose the county seat, which was first located at Cole's Fort. 
On June i6th, 1816, they chose Franklin, to which place it was removed 
in 181 7, until transferred to Fayette in 1823. In 1818 the county of 
Cooper was erected, being composed of all that portion of Howard lying 
south of the Missouri River. The same year the land office was established 
at Franklin, with Gen. Thomas A. Smith, receiver, and Chas. Carroll, 
register. May 28th, 1819, the first steamboat— the ''Independence," 
Capt. Nelson, time from St. Louis including all stops, twelve days — landed 
at Franklin on her way up the river. It created great excitement and en- 
thusiasm. A public dinner was given to the officers and passengers, and 
seventeen toasts were offered and responded to. Speeches were made by a 
number of gentlemen, among whom were Col. Elias Rector, Gen. Duff 
Green, Lilburn W. Boggs, N. Patten, Jr., Dr. J. J. Lowry, Maj. Richard 
Gentry and several others, and a full account of the event was published in 
the Franklin Intelligencer. In August and September of the same year, three 
other steamboats passed Franklin: the "Western Engineer," containing 
Major Long's Government scientific party, bound for the mouth of the 
Yellowstone; the ''Expedition," and the " R. M. Johnson." 

The town of Franklin (Old) was laid off opposite Boonville, in what 
was then called " Cooper's Bottom " in the fall of 1816— the same year 
Howard County was organized — and remained the seat of justice till it 
was removed by the Legislature to Fayette, in 1823. Franklin was laid off 
on fifty acres of land donated by different individuals. The public square 
contained two acres, and its principal streets were eighty-seven feet wide. 
It grew rapidly and very soon became a populous and thrifty place, com- 
manding a large trade. It had a land office, and was the point at which 
the first land sales west of St. Louis were held in 1818. 

* Territorial Laws, vol. I., p. 460. 



2SO. CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 

In April 1819, Nath'l Pattoii established there a weekly newspaper, 
called the Missouri Intelligencer. 

For many years Franklin was the most important and flourishing town 
in the State west of St. Louis. Its early achievements in commerce and 
wealth during the palmy days of the Santa F6 trade and the Boone's Lick 
salt works, achievements which were accomplished even long before 
Cooper's Fort, Kincaid's Fort and Fort Hempstead were lost from view, 
would fill a volume. It was the focal point of trade, wealth and fashion. 
The Missouri now covers the site of the town. Travel between this point 
and St. Louis was accomplished on horseback until 1820, when four-horse 
stages were put on the line \ fare ^10.50. The first election in Howard 
county of which there is any record, was in 1819, for delegates to Con- 
gress. John Scott and Samuel Hammond were chosen, Scott receiving 134 
votes and Hammond 113. It was, however, not a full vote. In several 
precincts no polls were opened. Howard was entitled to five members in 
the convention to frame a constitution for the State, and on May ist, 2d, 
and 3d, 1820, elected Benjamin H. Reeves, N. S.Burckhartt.Dufif Green, 
John S. Findlay, and John Ray. The county was reduced to its present 
limits in 1820, by the erection of Boone and Chariton. 

Opposite and a short distance above the mouth of the La Mine in How- 
ard County, and about five miles above Franklin there was in the olden 
time a lovely and famous retreat, known as " Hardeman's Garden " — a 
vine-clad and rose-covered bower, the prototype of the renowned "Tulip 
Grove" of that public benefactor, Henry Shaw, of St. Louis. 

The founder of this celebrated Garden, Mr. John Hardeman, was a 
gentleman of fortune and remarkably fine taste in horticulture. He was 
ambitious to excel in this inviting field, and to gratify his inclinations, 
laid off 10 acres in an exact square for a Botanic Garden, sparing neither 
expense nor labor in adorning it with fruits, flowers and shrubs, indigen- 
ous and exotic. Serpentine walks, paved with shells, conducted the 
admiring visitor through this charming court of Flora, where amid zephyrs 
of the richest perfume, flowers of the most beautiful hues greeted the eye, 
and fruits of the most delicious flavor tempted the palate. 

But Hardeman's Garden is gone, and the gay and cheerful groups who 
once threaded its labyrnthian paths, enchanted by the songs of birds and 
made happy in the midst of cultivated magnificence, are also gone ! Not 
a tree or shrub, or vine or flower of it remains. All are gone — even the 
very spot on which this Elysium was located ! 

It, as well as the once flourishing town of Franklin, have' fallen victims 
to the treacherous currents of the Missouri River whose banks they once 
adorned. 

Howard suffered less during the late Civil War than many other counties. 
Only one battle was fought within her limits. In October 1864, a part of 
Gen. Price's command, under Gen. J. B. Clark, Jr., attacked the Federal 



HOWARD COUNTY. 251 

forces which then held Glasgow, and after a battle which lasted eight 
hours the latter surrendered. 

The railway bridge at Boonville, built by the Boonville Bridge Co., 
and finished January nth, 1874, is a most substantial structure, and was 
built in less time than any other bridge on the Missouri River. The dike 
across the slough at the northern end of the bridge, runs through what 
was once the public square of old Franklin. The present north bank of 
the river is about 1,000 feet north of where the south line of the public 
square was in 1828. An interesting circumstance occurred during the 
building of the bridge. The fifth pier, counting from the Cooper County 
side, is composed of three cast-iron columns, 8^ feet in diameter. 
These columns or tubes are sunk through the sand to the bed rock by 
pneumatic process. The down stream tube was being sunk, and the 
bottom was about 50 feet below the surface, still in the sand, but near 
the bed-rock, when a stream of strong brine was struck, which came up 
through the sand. 

Physical Features. — The face of the country is generally undulat- 
ing, and in some places it is quite hilly. The soil is a clay loam, very 
fertile, and generally well adapted to the growth of clover, which is the 
principal fertilizer now used. About four-fifths of the county was 
formerly heavily timbered with the several varieties of oak, elm, ash, 
black and white walnut, soft and sugar-maple, box-elder, hackberry, 
honey locust, coffee-bean, linn, cottonwood, white and black hickory, 
buckeye and wild cherry, and although thousands of acres of these dense 
forests have been transformed into cultivated farms, timber is still abund- 
ant. The Missouri River forms the entire southern, and a great part of 
the western boundary, while the interior is traversed by the Bonne 
Femme, Salt and Moniteau Creeks and their tributaries, running in a 
southerly direction. These streams, however, are all sluggish, and afford 
little or no water power. Fresh water springs are numerous, and there 
are several saline springs from which large quantities of salt were manu- 
factured previous to steamboat navigation. The most notable of these 
is the Boone's Lick, 2 miles west of Boonsborough, named for Daniel 
Boone, Sr., who camped near this spring, and whose sons Nathan and 
Daniel, with Messrs. Goforth, Baldridge and Manly, made the first salt 
in this part of Missouri. A well has recently been bored here looi feet 
in depth, from which flows a stream 40 feet above the surface, sufficient 
to produce 100 barrels of salt every 24 hours. The brine from this well 
is of very superior quality. There are other localities where wells might 
be sunk with satisfactory results. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, barley, oats, rye, to- 
bacco, timothy, clover and hungarian grass. The soil is admirably adapted 
to the culture of hemp and tobacco, which were formerly the staples, but 
for the last ten years wheat and corn have been made a specialty. A 



252 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

marked improvement has been made in the stock in the last few years, 
especially in the neat cattle, and some fine breeds of hogs have also been 
introduced. Fruits are grown successfully, and the small fruits especially 
are of fine size and flavor. About three-fourths of the county may be 
considered arable, and the remainder, although hilly, is well adapted to 
blue grass. 

Mineral Resources. — Howard County is underlaid with coal ; the 
most important stratum lies at a depth of from 60 to 100 feet, but the min- 
ing has been confined as yet to the surface stratum, which is from 18 
inches to 4 feet in thickness. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of flouring and saw-mills, 
tobacco factories, and wagon and carriage shops. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $9,000,000,* 

Railroads. — The Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R. passes from north 
to south through the central part of the county, a distance of 25 miles. 
The Keokuk «& Kansas City R. R., is completed to the corporate limits of 
Glasgow, and the road bed of the Louisiana & Missouri River R. R., has 
been graded from east to west through the county. 

The Exports are wheat, corn, tobacco, hemp, live stock and fruit. 

Educational Interests. — There are 60 sub-districts each containing 
a good school-house with an average attendance of 80 pupils ; average 
session 6 months. These schools are of a good grade, and are yearly 
improving. Central College, located at Fayette, under the supervision 
of the M. E. Ch. South, has an excellent corps of professors, and an 
attendance of about 120 pupils. Howard College, located at Fayette, an 
industrial school for young ladies, is well patronized. Pritchett Institute 
at Glasgow, has a good local reputation. 

; Burton, on the M. K. & T. R. R., 6 miles north of Fayette, has 2 
stores. 

Boonsborough, 12 miles s. w. of Fayette, at the crossing of the 
roads from Boonville to Glasgow, and from Fayette to Arrow Rock, con- 
tains 2 stores, several shops, i church, and about 100 inhabitants. 

Bunker Hill, — See Myers. 

Estill, a station on the M. K. & T R. R., 8 miles s. of Fayette. 

FAYETTE, the county seat, near the center of the county, on the M. 
K, & T. R. R., 25 miles from Moberly, 13 miles from Boonville, and 48 
miles from Sedalia, and on the line of the L. & M. R. R., was settled in 
1823 and incorporated March 12th, 1845. The town is pleasantly laid 
off about a public square, in which is a handsome court-house, costing 
about $32,000. On an eminence in the suburbs is Central College, 
erected in 1853, at a cost of $40,000. Howard College, built in 1857 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ;Js,345,i46. Taxation, $2.35 per $100. Bonded debt, 1^750,000. 
Chariton township, bonded debt, j,ioo,ooo. 



HOWARD COUNTY. 253 

and costing ^25,000, is also located here, and there is a graded public 
school, also 6 churches — Methodist, Christian, Baptist, Episcopal and 
2 colored, 2 newspapers, The Democratic Banner, published by James 
H. Robertson, and The Advertiser, published by Charles J. Waldon, 2 
banks, i steam flouring-mill, i large tobacco factory, 12 stores and a 
number of shops. Population, about 1,500. 

Franklin, (North Side,) on the M. K. & T. R. R., 12 miles from 
Fayette, and on the Missouri River, opposite- Boonville, with which it is 
connected by a fine iron bridge, recently completed, was settled about 1814, 
but owing to the encroachments of the river, the old site has entirely dis- 
appeared. It now has 2 stores and several shops, with a population of 
about 100, but it is thought that the completion of the bridge will infuse 
new life into it. 

Glasgow, on the Missouri River, 12 miles n. w. of Fayette, and on 
the K. & K. C. R. R., 15 miles south of Salisbury, was laid off in 1836 
and incorporated in 1845. '^^^ ^^^*^ house was built in 1S36, by Mr. 
Charles Purdon, and the town was laid out on land bought of Messrs. 
Talton Turner and James Earickson, and named for Mr. James Glasgow. 
It grew rapidly, a large number of the business men of Chariton 
removing to this point, and there was a determination to build up such a 
town as this rich agricultural country required. It was incorporated Feb- 
ruary 27th, 1845, ^^^ again in 1853. H. W. Smith was the first mayor. 
The city is built upon a succession of beautiful undulations in the north- 
western part of the county, a small portion of it extending into Char- 
iton County. The people are enterprising and intelligent, and the city 
improving. Having both railroad and river communication, it is an 
important shipping point for the rich agricultural country in the vicinity. 
It has 8 churches — Catholic, Baptist, Presbyterian and M. E. Ch., M. E. 
Ch. South, German Evangelical and 2 colored, a good public school, 2 col- 
leges — Pritchett Institute and Lewis College (to the latter a good public 
library is attached), i newspaper — The Glasgoiu Journal, Gen. Lucian 
J. Eastin, editor, 2 banks, 2 tobacco factories, i pork packing house, i 
brewery, 2 steam flouring-mills, i carriage factory and 16 stores. Pop- 
ulation, about 2,800. 

Lisbon, on the Missouri River, 14 miles w. s. w. of Fayette, contains 
2 stores, I steam flouring-mill, i tobacco factory, several shops and about 
100 inhabitants. 

Myers, (Bunker Hill) 10 miles n. e. of Fayette, has i store and i 
church. 

New Franklin, 2^ miles n.e. of Franklin and 2j^ miles from Estill 
contains i church, i public school, i steam flouring mill, 4 stores, and 
several shops. Population about 275. 

North Side. — See Franklin. 

Roanoke, incorporated in February, 1853, March, 1861, and again 



254 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

March, 1868, is a thriving village, situated in a rich agricultural country, 
12 miles north of Fayette. It has a good public school, 7 stores, i large 
tobacco factory and several shops. Population about 300. 

Russell, on the M. K. & T. R. R., 11 miles n. n. e. of Fayette, is a 
new town in the vicinity of a fine coal mine now yielding 5 car-loads of 
coal per day. It contains i store, steam mill, several shops, etc. Popu- 
lation about 75. 

Sebree, 9 miles e. of Fayette, has i store, etc. 

Talbot, a station on the M., K. & T, R. R., 4 miles s. of Fayette. 

White's Store, on the State Road 9 miles s. e. of Fayette and 5 
miles n. w. of Rocheport, is a good business point in the midst of a fine 
country. 



HOWELL COUNTY, 

T« the southern tier of counties, near the center from east to west, on the 
divd ng r d between Current Rtver on the east and the North Fork of 
tl rtvhite R^ver on the west, is bounded north by Texas east by Shan- 
non and Oregon Counties, south by the Arkansas State Lme, and west 
by Ozark and Douglas Counties, and contains 590,679 acres. 

Populatior> in .860, 3,169; in .870, 4,-8, of wl>om 4,.93 were 
white, and 34 colored; 2,150 male, 2,068 female; 4,-77 native (.,89. 
born in Missouri) and 41 foreign. „ „ . „ 11 ir,l 

History -The first settlement was made about 1838 in Howell Val- 
ley on the present site of West Plains. The county was organised m 
x8;7 from parts of Oregon and Ozark. During the late Ciyil War it 
wi overrun bymarauding bands, who respected neither person nor prop- 
Tty andin ,865, at the close of the war, there remained but few tenantable 
farm houses and only 50 families, numbering perhaps 300 persons, in the 
county West Plains was entirely destroyed with the exception of one li tie 
cabinf;yerybody that could leave having gone away. Since the war there has 
been an immense immigration from Illinois, Ohio, Tennessee, Kentucky 
and other States, mostly men seeking homes under the Homestead 
Tct They are an industrious, wide-awake, thrifty and hospitable people, 
and coming as they have from nearly every State in the Union, they 
meet the immigrant with open hands and give him a hearty welcome to 

* Phv°sfcal'Ftatures.-The surface of the country is generally rolling, 
with a southern slope. Rich and fertile valleys wind through the territory ; 
r these Howell, Hutton, Peace, Myatt, South Fork and Spring Creek 
^e remarkable for the fertility of their soil. In the southern and west- 
ern parts small prairies, rich, but rather wet, do the surface. The 
uplands are post oak flats, oak openings, and small black jack ridges 
The soil of these consists of sandy loam, underlaid with a rich, red, oily 
clav strongly impregnated with iron and lime; some are covered with 
IrLe s™ne-snra/flint, sandstone and conglomerate rock, and where 

these are thickest on the surface there are but few in the soil. 

The timber consists principally of different varieties of oak, with wal- 

nut hickory and pine, and an undergrowth of sumach, haze and papaw. 

Thire Ts a large pLery of fine timber in the northern part of the coun y. 

larnllsare'plenty, and furnish lumber at very low rate. The s uh 

em portion is well watered by beautiful streams, which in some places 



356 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

sink into subterranean passages and again rise to the surface near the 
Arkansas Line, at what is known as the head of Spring River. Through 
the central and northern parts there are numerous fine springs and hun- 
dreds of ponds, which furnish an abundant supply of water for stock, 
nearly every section of land having one or more of them. Good water 
is reached by digging from 20 to 50 feet. 

The Agricultural Productions are principally wheat, corn, oats, 
potatoes, cotton and tobacco. Corn is the staple, the average yield 
being about 50 bushels per acre; some farms have yielded 80, and with 
thorough cultivation it is believed would produce as high as 100 bushels. 
Winter wheat is the only variety now grown, and does well. Tobacco of 
good quality is raised, and were it not for the law forbidding its sale to 
any but licensed dealers, it would be grown to a much greater extent. 
Cotton of a fair quality is produced, and the farmers are going more ex- 
tensively into its cultivation every year, although the distance from mar- 
ket is a great drawback to its larger production. Potatoes and sweet 
potatoes grow abundantly, and are of excellent flavor, while all the 
grasses succeed well. It is a fine region for stock-growers, as stock of 
all kinds will thrive on the range with but little attention, and require to 
be fed only from 3 to 4 months in the year ; though but few improved 
breeds of sheep or other domestic animals have been introduced, these 
have succeeded well. The soil and climate seem very Avell adapted to 
fruits, especially grapes. Large orchards of the choicest fruit have been 
planted within the last few years, and are very thriving. The climate is 
mild and healthful, and the air dry and bracing. The winters are short 
and mild. Snow seldom falls over 3 or 4 inches in depth, and remains 
on the ground only a few days. There are about 150,000 acres of Gov- 
ernment Land, and the Agricultural College of Missouri has about 76,000 
acres of selected lands in the county, which can be bought at from $1.50 
to $3.00 per acre. About one-half of the Government and College Lands 
is susceptible of cultivation, and in a few years fine farms will take the 
place of the wild woods, and the voice of the husbandman will drive the 
deer from its haunts. 

Mineral Resources. — There are no minerals worked in the county, 
but iron, lead and copper have been discovered in apparently large 
quantities. Nickel and zinc have also been found. 

The Manufacturing Interests are at present confined to i flour- 
ing-mill and several saw-mills. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^i, 000,000.* 

Railroads. — The nearest railroad point is Salem, Dent County, a dis- 
tance of about 71 miles from West Plains. The Kansas City & Mera- 

* Assessed valuation in 1873, 1587,745. Taxation, J1.15 per |ioo. Bonded debt, |3,ioo. Floating 
debt, ^3,000. 



HOWELL COUNTY. 257 

phis R. R., of which the eastern end from Memphis to the State Line, 
south of Howell County, is under contract, will traverse the county from 
north to south. 

The Exports are iirincipally lumber, stock, v.-heat, corn, cotton, 
tobacco, bacon and flour. 

Educational Interests. — A zeal is manifested in the organization 
of public schools throughout the county, whose interests are being ad- 
vanced as rapidly as circumstances will permit. 

Albina, a post-office 9 miles n. n. w. of West Plains, 

Chapel, 20 miles n. e. of West Plains, is a village containing i general 
store, I wagon-maker's and i carpenter's shop. 

Frankville, (New Franklin,) 4 miles s. e. of West Plains, contains 2 
general stores and i stock yard. 

Hutton Valley, a post-office 20 miles n. of West Plains. 

Lost Camp, a post-office 16 miles n. n. w. of West Plains. 

Ne^v Franklin. — See Frankville. 

Potterville, a post-office 12 miles w. s. w. of West Plains. 

WEST PLAINS, the county seat, is situated near the center of 
the county in Howell Valley. It contains 8 stores, i hotel, i printing 
office, 4 churches — Baptist, Presbyterian, M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South; 
2 schools — I private and i public ; i steam flouring-mill, a very good 
jail, and a miserable court-house. The buildings are all new. Popula- 
tion, about 300. 

Willow Springs, a post-office 23 miles n. n. w. of West Plains. 

Yankee Doodle, a post-office 18 miles s. w. of West Plains. 



IRON COUNTY, 

In the south-eastern part of the State, and bounded north by Crawford, 
Washington and St. Francois Counties, east by St. Francois, Madison 
and Wayne, south by Wayne and Reynolds, and west by Reynolds, Dent 
and Crawford Counties, and contains 353,804 acres. 

Population in i860, 5,842 ; in 1870, 6,278, of whom 5,926 were 
white, and 352 colored; 3,148 male, and 3,130 female; 5,756 native 
(3,561 born in Missouri) and 522 foreign. 

History. — In 18 10 Ephraim Stout settled in what the Delaware Indi- 
ans called "The Lost Cove," a name suggested by the fact that it is 
hemmed in — lost, apparently, — among the surrounding mountains. He 
was soon joined by the Sharps, Browns, Suttons and Russells, and the 
locality came to be known as Stout's Settlement, and the stream that 
drains the valley is still known as Stout's Creek. A New England lady, 
who came with the first mining company that visited the county, gave it 
the very appropriate name which it now bears, Arcadia Valley. At a 
very early day John Sutton settled on Marble Creek, and others followed 
soon after. 

The county was organized February 17th, 1857, from parts of Madi- 
son, St. Francois, Washington, Reynolds and Wayne Counties, and 
Arcadia was made the county seat. The first officers of the county were : 
J. V. Logan, John W. Miller and Moses Edmonds, judges ; John F. T. 
Edwards, county and circuit clerk ; Daniel Q. Gale, circuit attorney ; 
John Cole, sheriff; John Stone, circuit judge. In August, 1857, Iron- 
ton, then a town on paper, was, by a vote of the people, made the county 
seat, and an elegant brick court-house was soon erected. 

During the late Civil War the central part of the county was made a 
military post by the Federal authorities. A fort was built in the valley 
at the western slope of Pilot Knob, and commanded the gap between 
that and Shepherd *s Mountain. Another held an eminence between 
Ironton and Arcadia, but was evacuated at the time of Gen. Price's 
raid. It is now called " Fort Hill," and is the site of a modest church. 

Physical Features. — The surface is hilly, broken and mountainous, 
and some parts of it are heavily timbered with pine, oak, hickory, maple, 
etc. A large portion of the county is rocky and not susceptible of culti- 
vation, though some of the uplands are available for grazing and 
for grape and fruit-culture. The county is well watered by numerous 
small creeks and mountain streams, affluents of the Big Black and St. 
Francis Rivers, and springs of pure water are abundant. The creek bot- 



26o CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL 

toms afford very rich agricultural lands, and in the Arcadia and Belle- 
view — the principal valleys — are beautiful farms, well cultivated, pro- 
ductive and profitable. The principal mountain spurs of the Ozark 
range are PilotKnob, Shepherd and Cedar Mountains. The first is 581 
feet high, 1,118 feet above the level of the Mississippi River at St. Louis, 
and covers an area of 360 acres. Shepherd's Mountain is 79 feet higher, 
and covers an area of 800 acres. 

There are in this county several natural curiosities — the Granite Quarry f 
about 6 miles north-west from Ironton ; the Shut Ln, about 2 miles south- 
east; and the Cascade, about 10 miles west of the same place. The 
Granite Quarry is a solid bed of granite 60 or 70 feet high, covering^ 
from 100 to 200 acres. Scattered over the top of this mountain of stone 
are huge boulders rounded and worn smooth, some of them 25 feet high, 
and weighing hundreds of tons. Some of them have but a small base 
resting upon the solid ledge, and it seems as if a man could set his 
shoulder against them and send them thundering to the mountain's base. 
A trial, however, will prove to the contrary. The granite is of a superior- 
quality, and has been extensively used by the Government in the erection 
of public buildings, and 300 men are now employed in the quarry. The 
Shut In is a cleft-like mountain-pass, at its narrowest point about 100 
yards wide, a mile in length, and its sides of rock from 30 to 50 feet 
high. Through this chasm runs a bright and sparkling stream that 
empties into the St. Francis River. The Cascade runs over the top of 
Cascade Mountain, falling down its perpendicular rocky sides about 200- 
feet to the bottom of a narrow mountain gorge. Opposite and almost 
within stone's throw, rises another mountain 300 feet high, and nearly- 
perpendicular. In summer, one standing at the top of this cascade and 
looking into the abyss, sees the foliage and vegetation at the bottom wear 
a funereal blackness ; higher up, the color changes to a dark green, and 
grows paler as it nears the top, where it is of the hue of summer. The 
continual rush of water in the spring floods over this precipice, and the 
continued dropping of the summer stream, have worn in the rock 
large tanks or cisterns holding from 10 to 200 hogsheads of water. These 
reservoirs seem to be always full. In Dent Township there is a cavern 
of wonderful beauty and great extent, that has never been fully explored. 
Stony Battery is a gorge or cafion about ^ of a mile long between the 
mountains in the southern part of the county. The stones, which in 
past ages had fallen into it from the mountain above, have been removed, 
and it now serves for the bed of a stream and for a road. It opens at the 
south into a fertile valley of considerable extent. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, tobacco, small 
quantities of cotton, fruits and vegetables, all of which grow luxuriantly 
in the valleys and creek bottoms, and find a home market. 

Mineral Resources. — Iron is thought to be inexhaustible. The 



IRON COUNTY. 261 

principal mines are on Pilot Knob and Shepherd Mountain, which were 
brought into notice in 1836 by Messrs. Pease and Van Doren. In 1837 
a Boston company offered them 1^500,000 for a half interest in this pro- 
perty, which offer they declined. Pease and Van Doren failed in the 
crisis of 1837, and nothing further was done towards the development of 
the mines until 1847, when a St. Louis company was formed, and in 1848 
they erected furnaces, stores and other buildings. They continued opera- 
tions until 1864, when Gen. Price, in his raid through south-eastern Mis- 
souri, totally destroyed the works. They were rebuilt in 1866, and opera- 
tions successfully resumed. 

Pilot Knob is an almost isolated, nearly conical hill, connected at its 
eastern base with a range of lower hills that gradually slope off to the 
east. At the height of 440 feet on the south side of the mountain is ex- 
posed a stratum of specular iron ore, about 275 feet in length, and 19 to 
24 feet in thickness. Considering the upper 141 feet composed entirely 
of iron ore, and as a cone with a base of fifty acres, it would make io8,- 
507,960 cubic feet of iron ore. It might be said to be almost a solid 
mountain of iron, rising cone-like with an almost perpendicular peak. It 
served as a land-mark and guide to the Indian and pioneer, hence its 
name. Shepherd Mountain, one-eighth of a mile west of Pilot Knob, has 
been mined sufficiently to show that it is rich in deposits of magnetic ore. 
Cedar Mountain which is one-quarter of a mile north-west of Pilot Knob, 
contains a large vein of specular ore, discovered by Tunica. 

There are 15 or 20 other deposits of rich iron ore in the county, which 
for want of capital have been only partially developed or slightly worked, 
and new banks are being discovered. 

Lead, bismuth and asbestos have been found. A very excellent quality 
of marble, pure white and variegated, is found on Marble Creek. The 
red variety of granite exists in abundance. Vast quantities are being 
shipped for building purposes. Kaolin is found and thought to be 
unlimited in quantity. 

Manufactures. — There are 2 tobacco factories, i carding machine 
and cotton gin, i wagon factory, several fllouring and saw-mills, and 
several smelting furnaces, operated by the Pilot Knob Iron Company. 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1S70, ^12,406,100.* 

Railoads. — The Arkansas branch of the St. L. & I. M. R. R., has 34 
miles of track running north and south through the county. 

The Exports are iron, lumber, tobacco and cigars. 

Educational Interests. — Arcadia College, owned by the M. E. 
Ch. South, and nearly completed, is a fine building beautifully situated, 
and will cost about $40,000. The public schools are improving very 
rapidly, and new and commodious buildings are being erected. In 
1873, ^25,000 were expended for educational purposes. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $2,019, 490. Taxation, $2.00 per $100. Bonded debt, |i8,ooo. 



962 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Annapolis, pleasantly located on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 20 miles 
south of Ironton, laid out in 1871, is a thriving village with i hotel, 2 stores, 

1 church, and i public school. Population, about 60. 

Arcadia, very beautifully located in Arcadia Valley, and on the line 
of the St. L. & I. M. R. R., I mile south of Ironton, was laid out in 
1849, ^•rid incorporated in 1870, and is becoming well known as a popular 
place of summer resort. It has 3 stores, 2 cigar and tobacco manufac- 
tories, I tannery, i cotton carding-mill, i chur^zh — Methodist, and i public 
school. Population, about 250. Arcadia College, founded by Rev. J. C. 
Berryman in 1846, is located here. 

Belleview, a post-office, 6 miles west of Iron Mountain. 

Cross Roads, 10 miles from Ironton, in the valley of Arcadia, 
has 4 stores, 2 public schools, and a population of about 75. 

Des Arc, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 28 miles south of Ironton, 
was settled in 1S71, and has 3 stores, i hotel, and a public school. Pop- 
ulation, about 100. 

Ghermanville, near the Granite Quarry, 4 miles n. w. of Ironton, 
was settled in 1S73, '^"'^ ^^^ ^ store, and a population of about 75. 

Good W^ater, a post-office 25 miles west of Iron Mountain. 

Hogan Mountain, on the St.L.,I.M. &SR.R.,8 miles s. of Ironton. 

IRONTON, the county seat, situated in the beautiful valley of 
Arcadia, south and east of Shepherd Mountain, on the St. L. & I. M. 
R. R., and 88 miles from St. Louis, is a thriving place of about 700 
inhabitants. The first house was built in 1853, it became the county 
seat in 1857, and was incorporated in 1859. It suffered greatly during 
the Civil War, especially from the raid of Gen. Price, in 1864. It contains 
a large and commodious brick court-house, costing ;^i4,ooo, a brick jail 
costing ;^8,ooo, 3 churches — Methodist, Presbyterian and Episcopal 
aggregate cost, ;^i 1,000; a Masonic and Odd Fellows hall, i public 
school, I school for colored children, i iron foundry, i flouring and 

2 saw and planing-mill, 2 wagon factories, i saddler's shop, 2 hotels, i 
bank and i newspaper — the Register, published by Eli D. Ake. The 
U. S. Land Office for south-eastern Missouri is located here. The alti- 
tude of Ironton above the surrounding country gives it a fresh, bracing 
atmosphere, and it is fast becoming a very popular and delightful place 
of summer resort. 

Kaolin, a post-office 12 miles w. of Iron Mountain. 

Middlebrook, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 4milesn. from Ironton 
and on the St. Francois County Line, is the shipping point for the granite 
quarries. 

Ozark Mills, a post-office 4 miles e. of Reynolds. 

Pilot Knob, in the valley between Pilot Knob, Shepherd Mountain, 
and Cedar Mountain, and on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., was laid out in 
1858, and incorporated in 1867. It has 2 churches, i public school and 



IRON COUNTY. 263 

several stores and shops and the Pilot Knob Iron Works. Population, 
about 600. 

Reynolds, a post-office on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. R., 16 miles s. of 
Ironton. 

Russell's Mills, a post-office on the St. L., I. M. & S. R.R., 11 miles 
s. of Ironton. 



JACKSON COUNTY, 

In the western part of the State, is bounded north by the Missouri River, 
which separates it from Clay and Ray Counties, east by Lafayette and 
Johnson, south by Cass, and west by the Kansas State Line, and contains 
417,089 acres. 

Population in 1830, 2,823; in 1840, 7,612; in 1850, 14,000; in 
i860, 22,913 ; in 1870, 55,041, of whom 49,810 were white and 5,223 
colored ; 30,282 male, and 24,759 female; 45,916 native (18,966 born in 
Missouri) and 9,125 foreign. 

History. — The position of this county upon the great bend in the 
Missouri River, 300 miles west of the Mississippi, has always, since the 
earliest explorations of the country, made it a thoroughfare and point of 
debarkation for trappers and traders of the plains and the Rocky Moun- 
tains, for the commercial caravans to New Mexico, Chihuahua, etc., for 
emigrants and gold hunters to California, Oregon, and the boundless 
regions formerly known by the name of the "Far West," as well as the point 
of iinal outfit and departure for the various Government exploring parties 
of Fremont, Beale and others. On July 3d, 1724, M. DeBourgmont, the 
commandant of Fort Orleans, a French post situated on an island in 
the Missouri River, 6 or 8 miles below the mouth of Grand River, by 
previous appointments proceeded to the "Cansas," then the site of the 
chief town of the Kansas tribe of Indians, afterward Fort Osage, now 
Sibley, Jackson County, where the general rendezvous of the several nations 
was appointed, the object being to bring about a general peace of the 
nations that were at war. M. DeBourgmont made them a great speech, 
and induced the chief men of the several tribes all to smoke out of the 
same pipe. 

Trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes was carried on in the 
earlier years of the republic, under what was known as the *' factory sys- 
tem." The Government established posts at suitable points, furnished 
goods, and the trade was carried on by salaried factors and agents. Private 
traders, however, were not excluded, but the system was intended as a 
check upon their pernicious influences and extortions. 

Fort Osage was established as a Government fort and factory in 1808. 

Around the fort a tract of land 6 miles square was laid off, upon which 
a limited number of white settlers were permitted to locate in order to 
raise supplies for the post. Hon. George C. Sibley, late of St. Charles, 
was Government factor and agent, from 1818, imtil the abandoment 
of the fort in 1825. By treaty with the Osage, Kansas and other 



2 66 CAMPBELL 'S GAZET TEER OE MISSO URI. 

tribes, the Indians* title to nearly all the territory of Missouri, was extin- 
guished in 1808, excepting a strip 24 miles wide, lying eastward from the 
western boundary of the State, and extending from the Missouri River 
south into the territory of Arkansas. The eastern line of this strip was a 
few miles east of Fort Osage, and in it lay nearly all of Jackson County. 
The Indian title to this strip, including an immense territory lying west- 
ward was extinguished in 1825. The settlers who had been previously 
stopped in their westward progress at the eastern confines of this strip of 
land, immediately made a general rush into the new purchase. The next 
year (1826) a census was taken preliminary to establishing a general 
county organization. The county records show the cost of taking this 
census, by Jacob Gregg (still a resident of the county,) as being 10 dol- 
lars, for ten days' services. 

In 1 82 1, Francis G. Chouteau established a trading post on the south- 
bank of the Missouri River, about three miles below the present site of 
Kansas City. He brought his wife and family all the way from St. Louis 
to the post in canoes and pirogues, the journey occupying over twenty 
days. By the great flood of April 1826, every vestige of his improve- 
ments were swept away, and the post was transferred to a point on the 
Kansas River, 6 miles above the mouth. A {q.\s years later, a few French- 
men (mountain trappers), with their Indian families settled along the 
Missouri River below the mouth of the Kansas. 

The county was organized Dec. 15th, 1826, and July 2nd, 1827, the 
first county court was held at Independence, Henry Burris presiding, and 
Abraham McClellan and Richard Fristoe, associate judges, L. W. Boggs 
(afterwards governor) clerk. The commissioners the same month located 
the county seat at Independence where it has since remained. Although 
the timbered portion was soon quite thickly settled, various causes con- 
tributed to retard the development of the county, and principally the fact 
that a large portion of the finest lands were for many years withheld from 
sale. On the Blue River, 36 sections were selected for educational pur- 
poses for the Kansas Indians, as provided in the treaty of 1825, and a 
still larger amount, under an act of Congress, donating public lands to 
Missouri for seminary purposes. These last were sold in 1832, and the 
proceeds applied to the State University at Columbia. That portion of 
the public land not reserved for other purposes was offered at public sale 
on Nov. nth, 1828. 

Another drawback arose in 1830, in a bitter feud between the original 
settlers and the Mormons who emigrated in large numbers and settled in 
Jackson County. They entered several thousand acres of land, mostly 
west of Independence, professed to own all things in common, though in 
reality their bishops and leaders owned everything (especially the land 
titles) and established a "Lord's storehouse" in Independence, where 
the few monopolized the trade and earnings of the many. They pub- 



JACKSON COUNTY. 267 

lished The Evening Star, (the first newspaper in the county) in which 
appeared weekly installments of "revelations" promising wonderful 
things to the faithful, and denouncing still more wonderful things against 
the ungodly Gentiles. The result was that the Gentiles threw the press 
and type into the Missouri River, tarred and feathered the Bishop and 
two others, on the public square at Independence, and otherwise mal- 
treated the Saints, who retaliated upon their adversaries, "smiting them 
hip and thigh" at every good opportunity. On Oct. 31st, a deadly en- 
counter took place 2 miles east of Westport, in which two citizens and 
one Mormon were killed. The Mormons routed their enemies, and 
elated with victory, determined to utterly destroy that wicked place. 
Independence, which had been the scene of their sorest trials. A " rev- 
elation" ordered the work of destruction and promised victory. They 
marched during the night, and soon after daylight of Nov. 2nd, arrived 
one mile west of the town, but the Gentiles pouring in from all quarters, 
met them at that point, and forced them to lay down their arms and 
leave the county in 24 hours, which they did, crossing the Missouri 
Nov. 3rd, 1833. (See Caldwell, pp. 87-89.) Since that time (except dur- 
ing the late Civil War) the county has steadily grown in population and 
wealth. 

Physical Features. — The surface of the country is gently undu- 
lating, except along the river hills and those bordering the smaller 
streams, and was originally about equally divided between timber and 
prairie ; it is unsurpassed in fertility of soil, with an abundant supply of 
water, well distributed from never-failing springs and wells, and the various 
water courses. The bottom lands of the Missouri and the smaller streams 
are unusually productive. The surface of the elevated ridges has gen- 
erally a deep soil, except as they approach the breaks bordering the water 
courses, which are timbered with the usual varieties found near and south 
of the Missouri. The Missouri washes the northern boundary. Big 
Blue River, with its tributaries, Brush, West Fork, and several smaller 
creeks, drain the western part of the county. Rock and Sugar Creeks 
enter the Missouri just west of Independence. Little Blue and its 
branches, among which are Spring, Bryan's, Camp, Mouse, Big Cedar, 
Little Cedar and East Fork, drain the central portions, Fire Prairie the 
north-east, and the head waters of the Big Sniabar the south-eastern part 
of the county. The larger water-courses traverse the county in the gen- 
eral direction of from south-west to north-east. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, hemp, tobacco, 
cattle and hogs, and the fruits and vegetables common to the latitude. 

Mineral Resources. — The eastern part of the county is supplied 
with beds of bituminous coal 28 to 30 inches thick, lying near the sur- 
face. In the western part none has been discovered which would justify 
working. There is an abundant supply of excellent building stone. 



268 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $38,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The Missouri Pacific has 31 miles of track in the county, 
and Kansas City, on the Missouri River, is a station thereon. It is also 
the terminus of the Kansas Pacific R. R. ; the northern terminus of the 
Fort Scott & Gulf R. R. ; the north-eastern terminus of the Kansas City 
& Santa Fe Division of the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston 
R. R. (whose trains run over the track of the M. R. , Ft. S. 
& G. R. R. from Olathe) ; the southern terminus of the Kansas City, St. 
Joseph & Council Bluffs ; the south-western terminus of the Kansas City 
Branch of the Hannibal & St. Joseph, and the western terminus of the 
Western Division of the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W. ; the 
latter three forming a junction at Harlem, on the opposite side of the 
river, their trains crossing over the new magnificent railroad bridge, 
which is also used as a wagon and foot passenger bridge. 1^300,000 of 
the county debt above referred to, and the Van Buren Township debt 
is f "^r railroads, while the Westport debt is for horse railway purposes. 

The Exports are corn, wheat, stock and manufactured articles for 
which, and the shipment of produce of the country tributary, see Kansas 
City. 

The Educational Interests are well attended to in about 100 sub- 
districts into which the county is divided. The public schools are well 
organized and taught, and the high schools of Kansas City and Inde- 
pendence are the pride of the citizens. 

Blue Mill, a post-ofifice 8 miles n. e. of Independence. 

Blue Springs, a post-office 10 miles s. e. of Independence. 

Fire Prairie, a post-office 10 miles e. of Independence. 

Greenwood, a station on the. M P. R. R., 28 miles from Kansas 
City. 

Hickman's Mills, a post-office 16 miles s. s. w. of Independence. 

Hick's City, near the south-east corner of the county, has a church, 
a public school, a few stores, and about 100 inhabitants. 

INDEPENDENCE, the county seat, selected and laid out in 
1827, lies 3 miles south of the Missouri River, and nearly midway 
between the east and west lines of the county, occupying an elevated, beau- 
tiful and healthful situation, with wide, macadamized streets, handsome 
dwellings, churches, seminaries, etc. It is on the M. P. R. R. 9 
miles east of Kansas City. From 1828 until about 1845, i* was the 
mart and rendezvous of the overland merchants and traders to New 
Mexico and the western plains and mountains, and during that period 
had extensive manufactories of various kinds, esjiecially of heavy freight 
wagons suited for the plains. It was the point of final outfit and de- 



* Assessed valuation in 1873, 1^20,740,335. Taxation, Ji.6x per $ too. Bonded debt, J!5oo,ooo. Van 
Buren T»wnship, $50,000. Westport (municipal), $25,000. 



JACKSON COUNTY. 269 

parture of nearly all expeditions going westward during that time. 
After 1845, the overland westward trade was transferred to the new town 
of Kansas City, and Independence has since been the center of a good 
local trade. It has 8 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 2 Methodist, i Baptist, 

1 Christian, i Catholic, i African ; 4 public schools, i female college, 

2 high schools, i pottery, 2 manufactories of wooden-ware, i extensive 
broom factory, 2 grist-mills, i brewery, i distillery, i national and i 
private bank, 3 hotels, and a full supply of mercantile houses, grocers, 
drug stores, etc. Population, about 3,600. 

Kansas City, in the extreme north-west corner of the county, is 
built up to the line of the State on the west, and the Missouri River on 
the Horth. The present city limits include an area of about 3,600 acres. 
The population in 1870 was 32,268; present population (estimated) 
40,000. A circuit of 5 miles in diameter, including the cities of West- 
port and West Kansas City, Armstrong and Wyandotte (the three latter 
in the State of Kansas) and Harlem in Clay County, would include a pop- 
ulation of over 50,000. The original town tract of 256 acres, was pur- 
chased in 1838 at a sale in partition of the estate of Gabriel Prudhomme, 
the patentee. The original proprietors were Robert Campbell, William 
Gilliss, John C. McCoy, Fry P. McGee, Wm. B. Evans, Jacob Ragan, 
and Henry Jobe, who, in 1839, laid out into lots about 40 acres of the 
tract and sold them at public sale. Owing to a disagreement between 
the proprietors, this sale was not fully consummated until April 1846, 
when a larger area was laid off and sold. Meanwhile some 20 or 30 of 
the purchasers at the first sale improved and occupied their lots, and car- 
ried on their several avocations. In this last sale considerable public 
interest was manifested, and it proved quite a success, the aggregate 
amount of the sale being over $7,000, and the highest price bid for any 
one lot being a little over $200. The proprietors were elated at their 
extraordinary success, and began to talk of a city sometime in the dim 
future, but they had sturdy competitors to contend with in the race for 
metropolitan honors. Independence, grown rich with an undisputed 
monopoly of the commerce of the plains, was disposed to make a death 
struggle to retain it, and Westport ridiculed the presumptuous aspirations 
of her steamboat landing, so the problem involved in the race to great- 
ness remained unsolved, until the superior natural advantages of Kansas 
City wrought out their legitimate results in favor of that natural diver- 
ging and concentrating point. Topographically, the old site of the city 
was a succession of high ridges and deep gorges, with only one possible 
way to reach the river landing without immense labor and cost. The 
newer portions south of Tenth street, however, comprising more than 
sixty additions to the old town, have an excellent surface. For the first 
10 or 15 years, those settling and residing there were singularly destitute 
of capital. Leavenworth and St. Joseph, each with capital and enter- 



2^0 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

prise, entered the lists to dispute for the supremacy. During the 4 years; 
ending with the war, even the outside local trade was entirely cut off,, 
business was suspended, much of the city destroyed, and at the close of 
the war the population had decreased to only about 6, 000. Col. Benton 
and other far-seeing men are said to have predicted the greatness of this 
gateway to the Occident. Singularly enough, however, none of these 
prophets invested a dollar in her ugly hills. The sheer necessities of 
trade and commerce leveled her hills, filled up her gorges, and forced 
her into the proud position she now holds. 

In 1866 actual recuperation commenced, and in the rapid increase of 
the city in population, in the immense amount of public and private im- 
provement, and in all the substantial and important interests which go to 
build up a great city, it has, perhaps, no parallel in the history of the con- 
tinent. In four years from that time (viz. 1870) the official census shows 
a population of 32,268, being an increase of more than 400 per cent, in 
four years. The number and cost of public schools and churches, her- 
magnificent iron railroad and passenger bridge spanning the Missouri, her- 
Exposition grounds of 90 acres with their adornments, her gas works, her 
court-house, built at a cost of $160,000, her hotels, opera house and blocks. 
of costly business and private dwellings, all attest unparalleled growth. Ten, 
lines of railway concentrate within her limits, and four other lines are in 
process of construction, and the citizens of Kansas City, at least, regard^ 
it as a fixed certainty that, as she is now, so she will remain, the great 
converging and diverging railroad center west of St. Louis. The city* con- 
tains I court-house, i work-house and farm, i city hospital, 4 engine- 
houses, also 22 churches, — 5 Presbyterian, 4 M. E., i Israelite, 4 Catholic, 2; 
Baptist, I Episcopal, i Lutheran, i Swedish Lutheran, i Congregational, i 
Christian, i Unitarian, — total value, $120,000. The extensive gasworks 
have ten miles of pipe already laid down, and there are 298 street lamps — 
annual cost of city supply, $13,385. Three lines of street railways, with 7- 
miles of track are running, besides one line toWestport 2^ miles, and an- 
other to Wyandotte City. There are 13 banks, with an aggregate paid up- 
capital of $900,000. The beef and pork packing and cattle trade has rapidly 
grown to enormous proportions, as will appear by the following figures, 
and Kansas City now justly claims to be the greatest beef packing and 
cattle mart in the world. The total receipts of cattle in 1872 were 
236,802; of hogs, 104,639 ; of horses, 2,648; gross sales of commission 
firms during the same period, about $3,000,000 ; number of cattle- 
slaughtered and packed, 20,500 ; number of hogs slaughtered and packed, 
187,221. The fire department has i Babcock and 3 steam fire engines, 
3 hose companies, i hook and ladder company, and a full and efficient: 

* The total value of real and personal property in the city, excepting railroad, school and church pro- 
perty, is estimated at $20,000,000 ; debt, funded, $400,000 ; bonded, {900,000;, floating, $go,ooo; totaL 
$1,390,000. Taxation — city 25^ per cent., school i per cent. 



JACKSON COUNTY. 271 

corps of paid officials and employes, at an annual cost of ^83,000. 
Large cisterns for fire use are distributed throughout the city. The num- 
ber of public schools in 1873 was 9; aggregate value of school property, 
^i75>738 j number of white pupils 3,851 ; of colored pupils 408; total, 
4,259 ; total expended for fiscal year, $115,971. The Catholic convents 
are not included in the above estimate. The buildings and grounds of 
these are estimated at $100,000 ; 15 sisters and no scholars. There are 
2 commercial colleges, 2 medical colleges, 6 daily newpapers— ^<?«r«a/ of 
Commerce, Times, News, Post and Tribune, Chronicle and Penny Reporter, 
and 7 weekly papers, i medical, i educational, and 3 real estate and 
miscellaneous monthlies. There is also a full and efficient police corps 
well uniformed and officered. The water works are in process of con- 
struction. 

Lee's Summit, on the M. P. R. R., south-east of and 22 miles 
from Kansas City, is surrounded by the best farms in the county. It has 
I bank, 2 hotels, a fine merchant flouring-mill, about 15 stores, i eleva- 
tor, 2 schools, 2 churches, and about 800 inhabitants. 

Little Blue, a station on the M. P. R. R., 7 miles south of Inde- 
pendence. 

Lone Jack, near the south-east corner of the county, contains a few 
stores, and about 150 inhabitants. 

Micklin, a post-office 18 miles east of Independence. 

New Santa Fe, a post-office 16 miles south of Kansas City. 

Oak Grove, a. post-office 24 miles e. s. e. of Independence. 

Pink Hill, 15 miles e. s. e. of Independence, contains i store and 
about 50 inhabitants. 

Raytovyn, a post-office 8 miles s. s. w. of Independence. 

Rock Creek, a station on the M. P. R. R., 5 miles east of Kansas 
City. 

Sibley, formerly Fort Osage, near the north-east corner of the county, 
occupies the site of old Fort Osage, and has about 40 inhabitants. 

Stony Point, a post-office 17 miles s. e. of Independence. 

Suy Mills, a post-office 24 miles s. e. of Independence. 

Westport, 4 miles south of the Missouri River, and i mile east of 
the Kansas boundary, was laid out in 1833, and from 1845 until 1855 was 
an important trading point for the Indians and the Santa Fe traders. A 
horse railroad from Kansas City makes it a desirable residence for business 
men of the latter place. It has 6 churches — i Christian, 2 Presbyterian, 
I Baptist, I Catholic and i Methodist, a fine public school-house, i hotel, 
I merchant flouring-mill, and a number of tradesmen and business houses. 
Population about 2,000. 



JASPER COUNTY, 

In the south-western part of the State, is bounded north by Barton and 
Dade Counties, east by Dade and Lawrence, south by Newton, and west 
by the State of Kansas, and contains 409,319 acres. 

Population in 1850, 4,223; in i860, 6,883; ^^ ^^-jo, 14,928, of 
whom 14,790 were white, and 138 colored ; 7,893 male, and 7,035 female; 
14,510 native (4,180 born in Missouri) and 418 foreign. 

History. — But little is known of the first settlement of Jasper. John 
Jewett, who located near the present site of Sarcoxie in 1832, for the 
purpose of trading with the Senecas, Shawnees, and other neighboring 
tribes of Indians, is believed to have been the first white man who made 
his home within its limits, and John Haskins the first who settled on the 
prairie west of the present site of Sarcoxie. In 1834 Thacker Vivian 
laid out Centreville — so named from its location on Centre Creek — but 
in 1839, at the suggestion of Hon. James S. Rains, it was called Sarcoxie, 
in honor of an old and friendly chief of the Shawnees. The first mill in 
the county was built at this place. Jasper was organized January 29th, 
1 841, and grew steadily until the late Civil War, when it shared the fate of 
the other counties of south-western Missouri. Its most thriving towns were 
burned and almost depopulated. Since the restoration of peace, how- 
ever, it has taken on new life, and all traces of the war are fast disap- 
pearing. 

The discovery and working of the wonderfully rich lead mines, and the 
consequent early completion of the M. C. & N. W. R. R., giving direct 
railroad communication with St. Louis and the South, together with 
its fertile soil, are fast giving it a leading position among the agricultural 
and mineral counties of the State. 

Physical Features. — This county is well watered : in the north by 
Blackberry Creek, North Fork of Spring River and its tributaries. Little 
North Fork, Buck Branch, Duval, Coon, Dry and Deer Creeks, and 
White Oak Fork of Spring River ; in the center by Spring River, and in 
the south by Center, Jones, Short, Turkey and Jenkins' Creeks. These 
streams are skirted by timber, which covers about }( of the county, 
and consists chiefly of oak, with a fair proportion of elm, ash, hickory, 
sycamore, hackberry, mulberry, honey locust and walnut. 

Spring River divides the county into two nearly equal parts. The 
north-east and west portions are principally prairie, interspersed, at short 
intervals, with timber and streams of pure water. The southern portion 



274 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

is hilly, heavily timbered, and abounding in mineral wealth. The soil 
of both sections is rich, and there is very little if any waste land in the 
county. 

Agricultural Productions. — All the cereals grown farther north are 
successfully cultivated here. Corn is, however, the most important. In 
a contest for premiums in 1871, twelve competitors ranged from 70 to 
115, averaging 92^ bushels per acre. Winter wheat of excellent quality, 
rye, oats, barley, flax, hemp, beans, etc. , are cultivated with profit. Tobacco 
is also a paying crop. Previous to the late war, this section was noted for 
its uniform success in fruit-growing. Most of the fruits grown in the 
Northern States are cultivated here, besides, in the southern part of the 
county, several delicious kinds that belong to the semi-tropical regions, such 
as the apricot and nectarine. Fruit trees make larger growth in a year, and 
bear fruit one or two years earlier than in a colder climate. Grapes are 
perfectly at home in this section. 

The mildness of the climate, abundance of water, succulence of the 
grasses, and dryness of the winters, render stock growing easy and pro- 
fitable, and it has already become an important industry. There are 
many fine herds of blooded stock in the county, and more are 
constantly being introduced. A choice lot of short-horns was recently 
imported from Canada. 

The Atlantic & Pacific R. R., have 8,000 acres of Fair land in this 
county, which they offer on favorable terms, at from ;^5 to $1 2.50 per acre.* 

The Mineral Resources of Jasper are inexhaustible. Lead ore 
seems to have been obtained here from the earliest recollection, and fur- 
nished supplies to the Indians during their occupation. Formerly, smelted 
lead, merchandise and "spirits" were the principal return to the miner for 
his labor, as the distance from market and general condition of the country 
precluded .enlarged capital and enterprise. Since the war, capital has 
developed the hidden wealth, and systematized labor and rendered it 
remunerative. This, with the additional railroad facilities, has brought 
the county prominently and rapidly before the public, as one of the won- 
derful mining districts of the world. 

During 1873, ^^'^^ ore was smelted at Joplin as follows; Moffet & 
Sergeant, 5,074,963 lbs.; Davis & Murphy, 4,515,430 lbs.; Corn & 
Thompson, 4,930,648 lbs. ; Chapman & Riggins, 1,677,568 lbs, ; Granby 
M. & S. Co., 1,966,046 lbs. ; Sorver M. & S. Co., 270,000 lbs. ; total, 
18,434,655 lbs. 

The Joplin smelters shipped to St. Louis 10,941,000 lbs. of lead ; to 
New York and other points, 1,009,000 lbs. The Granby Mining and 



* The Railroad Company requires 10 per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix- 



JASPER COUNTY. 275 

Smelting Co. shipped from Granby, 5,586,000 lbs. ; 1,300,000 of which 
was made from their Joplin ore. Total production of pig lead in Jas- 
per and Newton for 1873, 16,950,000 lbs., of which Jasper yielded 
about four-fiths. 

New mineral lands are constantly being thrown open to miners, and 
developed, and it is reasonable to predict that the future production of 
lead will greatly exceed that of the past. Nearly all the companies have 
control of large tracts of land which they wish developed, and liberal 
inducements are offered to miners who wish to secure claims. Zinc min- 
ing is also becoming an important interest ; the ore, large quantities of 
which are shipped to La Salle, 111., sells at $\o per ton. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of the lead furnaces and the 
-usual complement of mills and factories, described under the heads of the 
different towns where they are located. 

■Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $6,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The Memphis, Carthage & Northwestern Railroad has 
36 miles of track through the county, from the south-east to the north-west, 
connecting on the east with the Atlantic & Pacific, and on the west with 
the Missouri River, Fort Scott & Gulf Railroad, furnishing an outlet to 
.St. Louis and the north and east, as well as to the south and west. There 
is also a branch road proposed between Twin Grove and Joplin, a dis- 
tance of 7 miles. 

The Exports are lead and zinc, both in pig and ore, also corn, whea*- 
flour and stock. 

Educational Interests. — There were 8,434 children of school age 
in 1873, among whom was apportioned $21,646.66, of which $15,461.60 
Tvas from the county fund, $2,598.48 from the township, and $3,684.48 
from the State fund ; $22,000 was expended for school buildings in 1872. 
The schools are the pride of the people ; the school fund is the largest in 
the State except in St. Louis County, to which only it is second in the 
amount of money expended in schools and school buildings. It has a per- 
manent school fund of $166,958.59. 

Alba, 8 miles n. w. of Carthage, is a Quaker village, surrounded by 
good farming country, settled with industrious people. It has 2 Friends' 
meeting houses, i store and i school-house. Population, about 150. 

Avilla, in the center of a rich farming district, 12 miles e. n. e. of 
Carthage, contains a few stores, a hotel, 2 churches — Methodist and Bap- 
tist, and a school-house. Population, about 500. 

CARTHAGE, the county seat, on the M. C. & N. W. R. R., 27 
miles from Peirce City, pleasantly located on the south of Spring River, 
near the center of the county, is one of the most flourishing places in 



♦Assessed valuation 1111873, ;j4,434,sio. Taxation, J1.35 per $100. Bonded debt, 10,000. Floating 
debt, Jio,ooo. Total bonded debt of the Townships, $170,000. 



2 76 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOUFL 

the State. It was at the close of the war a depopulated village with only 
three buildings in good condition. It now claims to be the " Queen City 
of the South-west," has 6 churches — Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, 
Congregational, Christian and Episcopal, a public school building, cost- 
ing $35,000, with II rooms and capacity for 600 pupils, 4 newspapers — 
The Banner, Garland & Lewis, publishers, The Patriot, Patriot Publish- 
ing Co., The Press, J. A. Bodenhaitier, publisher, and The Advance, 
Henney & Moulton, publishers. Manufacturing is receiving considerable 
attention and cordially invites capitalists and mechanics. It has i woolen- 
mill, with 6 looms, the yarn from which received the first premium at the 
St. Louis Fair in 1872 ; 2 foundries and machine shops, 3 wagon, 2 plow 
and I furniture factory, a brewery, 4 flouring-mills and other smaller 
industries, about 35 stores and 30 other business houses. Population, 
about 6,000. It has 4 banks. 

Centre Creek, (Oronogo,) until recently Minersville, on the M. C. 
& N. W. R. R., 10 miles west of Carthage and 7 miles north of Joplin, 
for which latter place it is the chief railroad point, is a substantial town, 
surrounded by a fine agricultural country. It has been a good business 
point since the first settlement of the county. Lead ore seems to have 
been obtained here since the earliest recollection, but previous to the war 
mining was conducted in a very primitive style. Now capital is rapidly 
developing the immense deposits of lead and zinc, which underlie the 
town and adjacent country. The returns of these mines are not often 
so wonderfully remunerative as of those adjoining, yet the average yield is 
higher, and consequently the return for labor more certain. 

The intention of the able company controlling the mines (the Granby 
Mining and Smelting Co.), to erect here extensive works for reducing 
the supply of zinc ores from these and surrounding mines, will make 
this the center of a large business, furnishing a home market for all agri- 
cultural supplies of the country, and an additional source of wealth to 
the county and State. The town now contains substantial brick and 
frame business houses, a comfortable and capacious public hall, church 
and public school buildings. Population about 500. 

Chambersville, 8 miles north of Avilla, on the prairie in the midst 
of a superior agricultural country, is being rapidly settled, and now con- 
tains I store and about 50 inhabitants. 

Diamond City, a post-office 9 miles s. of Carthage. 

Fidelity, a post-office 7 miles s. of Cathage. 

Galesburg, on Spring River, 13 miles n. w. of Carthage, has i 
woolen mill, i flouring and saw-mill, 2 stores, i church — Methodist, and 
a good school-house. Population about 200. 

Georgia City, on Spring River, 15 miles n. w. of Carthage, has 
fine water power, and is surrounded by a productive country. It has 
a church — Methodist, I school-house, and a few stores. Pop. about 150. 



JASPER COUNTY. 277 

Jasper, on the M. C. & N. W. R. R., 8 miles s. e. of Carthage, has 
I school. 

Jenkins, a post-ofhce 7 miles w. of Sarcoxie. 

Joplin City, on Joplin Creek, 13 miles s. w. of Carthage and 7 
miles s. of Oronogo, the usual railroad station, laid off in 1871, and 
incorporated in 1873, ^^"^ been called the Wonder of the West. Its almost 
unprecedented growth is due to the development of its vronderfully rich 
lead mines. The deposits are under and upon all sides of the fair young 
city, and extend for several miles in almost every direction. From the 
discovery of these immense deposits, the sinking of a few shafts, and the 
erection of a single smelting furnace in the fall of 1870, this great min- 
ing industry has rapidly grown to enormous proportions, until now (1874) 
there are 31 smelting works in the city, turning out thousands of pounds 
of lead per day. Joplin now sends to the lead markets of St. Louis 
nearly one-half of all the lead received in that city, and is rapidly assum- 
ing the position of the greatest lead-producing point in the United 
States. Besides the very rich deposits of lead ore, zinc blende, which 
has heretofore received but little attention, also exists in great quantities. 
All branches of business are well represented in the city. It has nume- 
rous commodious stores well stocked with goods, a number of good 
hotels, and one just completed, which is conceded to be the finest 
hotel building in the South-west ; 2 commodious school-houses, with first- 
class schools, 2 churches — Methodist and Baptist — and the erection of 
other buildings under contemplation; a number of public halls and 
buildings, 2 banks, a saw and grist-mill, numerous factories and 
shops, and 2 newspapers — Tlie Mining News and Joplin Bulletin. 
Population, about 6,000. Joplin Creek divides the town into East and 
West Joplin. The latter was formerly known as Murphysburgh, and the 
post-office still goes by that name. 

Knights, a station on the M. C. & N. W. R. R., 5 miles s. e. of 
Carthage. 

Medoc, 15 miles n. w. of Carthage, contains a flouring-mill, school- 
house — Avhich is also used for church purposes — 3 stores and i hotel. 
Population, about 150. 

Midway, 11 miles n. of Carthage in the midst of a superior farming 
country which is being rapidly developed, has i store and a school-house. 
Population, about 50. 

Murphysburgh. — See West Joplin. 

Minersville. — See Centre Creek. 

Oronogo. — See Centre Creek. 

Preston, 9 miles n. w. of Carthage, has i store, a church, school- 
house and hotel. Population, about 75. 

Reeds, a station on the M. C. & N. W. R. R., 10 miles s. e. of Car- 
thage. 



278 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

Sarcoxie, formerly Centreville, on the M. C. & N. W. R. R., 12 
miles n. w. of Peirce City, and 15 miles s. e. of Carthage, is the oldest town 
in the county. It was destroyed during the late war, but is being rap- 
idly rebuilt, and contains i church, i school-house, 9 stores and a flour- 
ing-mill. Population, about 600. 

Scotland, 7 miles s. s. w. of Carthage, is a mining village, containing 
about 700 inhabitants, 2 smelting furnaces, 6 stores and a school-house. 
This is a new town, but the mines at this point are being rapidly deve- 
loped, and promise well. 

Smithfield, on the M. C. & N. W. R. R., 20 miles w. of Carthage, 
and ^ of a mile from the Kansas Line, was laid out in 1873, ^"^ is sur- 
rounded by an excellent farming country. Coal and lead are believed 
to exist adjacent to it. It contains i flouring-mill, i cheese factory, i 
school-house and several stores. Population, about 450. 

Spring is a post-office 6 miles s. s. e. of Carthage. 

Stephens, a new mining village 4 miles w. of Joplin. The mines 
are said to be quite extensive, and the place contains i smelting furnace, 
3 stores and about 800 inhabitants. 

Twin Grove, is a post-office on the M. C. & N. W. R. R., 13 
miles west of Carthage. 



JEFFERSON COUNTY, 

In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by St. Louis County, 
east by St. Louis County and the Mississippi River, south by Ste. Gene- 
vieve, St. Francois and Washington, and west by Washington and Franklin 
Counties, and contains 402,252 acres. 

Population in 1820, 1,835; i^ 1830, 2,592; in 1840, 4,296; 1850, 
6,928; in i86o, 10,344; in 1870, 15,380, of whom 14,617 were white, 
and 763 colored; 8,146 male, and 7,234 female; 12,671 native, (10,210 
born in Missouri) and 2,709 foreign. 

History. — The country along the Maramec River was settled as early 
as 1773, and in 1774 settlers began branching out a little. John Hilter- 
brand made a farm on Saline Creek, about 3 miles from Fenton, and 
settlements were made and salt works erected near Salt Springs in 1775, 
at which time people began to locate along Big River and its tributaries. 
The settlers on the Maramec were forced by the Indian depredations to 
abandon their homes in 1780, and in 1788 Thomas Tyler occupied the 
Hilterbrand farm, and planted 40 acres of corn and tobacco. The 
same year John Bailey settled on Romin Creek, about 4 miles from the 
Maramec, where, for several years, he lived principally by hunting and 
making maple sugar. He was several times driven off by the Indians, 
who destroyed his cabin and sugar camp, but he returned and rebuilt 
them. In 1790, the Indians again became troublesome, and the settlers 
organized for defense, and built a rude fortification on Saline Creek, near 
Tyler's cabin. In 1795, James Head made a farm on the creek which 
bears his name, at the present site of House's Springs, named after its 
next occupant, Adam House, who moved there after Head left the farm, 
and occupied it about 2 years, when he was killed by the Indians. David 
Delanny having obtained from the Spanish Government a grant of 800 
arpents, settled at Morse's Mill in 1800, and in 1802, Jacob Collins 
settled 2 miles further up the river, other settlements having in the mean- 
time been made in the vicinity by Francis Wideman, Wm. Estepps and 
others. In 1804, Jesse Benton located on Big River, at or near the 
present site of Frumet, the mining and lead manufacturing town of 
Wm. Einstein & Co., of St. Louis. From 1801 to 1804, settlements 
were made on Sandy, Joachim and Plattin Creeks, some of the people 
engaging in farming, others in mining for lead which was abundant. 
Corn furnished their bread, wild game their meat ; they raised cotton 
and flax, which, with coon, bear and deer skins was made into clothes 
at home. Sugar and syrup were obtained from the maples at their doors; 



28o CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

spice-wood and sassafras furnished their tea. Tobacco was raised, and 
lead for bullets and barter mined and smelted at their homes, so that the 
only necessary commodity for which the settlers depended upon others 
was powder ; but powder they must have ; the best furs and the choicest 
game could not be obtained without it, and the county was full of 
prowling Indians ready to take advantage of any defenceless or unguarded 
whites that came in their Avay; hence frequent trips were made to 
Ste. Genevieve, or St. Louis, for supplies of powder and such other con- 
veniences as the settlers could afford. Lead and furs were the currency 

used. 

After these hardy pioneers, who enjoyed a life of independence and 
freedom, as well as of peril and anxiety, and who were made of the right 
kind of stuff for the work, had opened the way and made the country safe, 
immigration flocked in, and the population steadily increased. 

Jefferson County was formed from St. Louis and Ste. Genevieve, 
Dec. 8th, iSiS, and a court for the northern circuit of Missouri Ter- 
ritory, Nathanael Beverly Tucker, judge, Samuel Woodson, clerk, and 
Andrew Scott, sheriff, was held at Herculaneum, on March 25th, 1819, 
at which James Rankin, John Geyer and John Finley were appointed 
commissioners, and James Rankin, surveyor. At this term of court, 
William Bates, Peter McCormack, Thomas Evans, Henry Mettz, Jacob 
Wise and Wm. Null, six of the commissioners appointed to select a per- 
manent seat of justice for the county, made a report deciding upon Her- 
culaneum. A log cabin at this place, owned by a negro named Abe, was 
for some time rented and used as a court-room ; when this cabin could 
no longer be had, sometimes a little room back of a store, owned and oc- 
cupied by a Mr. Glasgow, or other rooms which were vacant, 
or which were vacated for the occasion, were used. The officers of the 
court rented for offices, rooms two or three hundred yards distant^ 
while the juries occupied by turns empty shanties and garrets, when 
such could be had ; and at other times held their deliberations under 
shade trees. Herculaneum remained the county seat for some years, and 
was in its day a town of considerable importance, being a receiving 
point for supplies and the shipping point for lead, for a large section of 
country. A shot tower was erected and operated successfully for several 
years. The town is now, like the celebrated city for which it was named, 
numbered among the things of the past. Judge Charles S. Rankin now 
owns the property, and the plow-share turns the ground once covered by 
a busy thriving town. May 9th, 1832, Minor Mothershead, Thomas 
Hurst, William Hurst, Jesse Phillips and Paschal Detchmondy were 
appointed commissioners to consider the question of moving the county 
seat to a more central location. Their report, recommending such 
change, was approved by the county court June 13th, 1833, but defeated 
at the election, Aug. 6th following. The question was agitated, how- 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 281 

^ever, and in 1835, Monticello, the present site of Hillsboro, became the 
county seat. The county court, on July 25th, 1836, appropriated $400 
to build a new court house to be of hewn logs 20 x 25 feet, i>^ stories 
"high; the upper story to be divided into 3 rooms, o-.ie 12^ x 20 feet, and 
two 10x125^ feet each, to have a shingle roof, a stone chimney and 2 fire- 
places, one above and one below. Bailey G. Martin was appointed to let 
the contract and superintend the building, but died before it was com- 
menced. On Sept. 6th following, J. J. Parnell was appointed super- 
intendent of the new court-house, and ordered to ascertain whether stone 
or brick would be the best and cheapest, and to advertise for bids, or let 
the contract privately, as might be for the best interest of the county. 
In the winter of 1836-7, the county seat was located at Hillsboro, the 
site of which — 50 acres — was given to the county by Samuel Merry and 
Hugh O'Neil. In the summer of 1839, work was commenced on the 
new court-house, which cost $4>6oo, and was built by Geo. Cunningham. 

Physical Features. — The surface of this county is, for the most part, 
"hilly, the highest ridge attaining an elevation of about 450 feet above 
the Mississippi , and from 200 to 300 feet above the general level of the 
neighboring water courses. The high lands of a large portion of the county 
' .are moderately rolling, possess good soil and a growth chiefly of black, 
white, post and black jack oak, and black hickory. • In the northern and 
western townships the ridges are very narrow at their summits, sepa- 
rated from each other by deep ravines. The hills bounding the valleys 
of the large streams are also frequently marked with deep declivities, but 
sometimes they rise by a succession of gentle slopes, or terraces to the 
general level of the table lands. 

Nearly every part of the county is well watered and the Mississippi and 
Maramec form its eastern boundary. Big River passes in a serpentine 
course through the western portion, while Saline, Sugar, Mill and 
Labarque Creeks flow northward and empty into the Maramec. The 
principal tributaries of Big River are Dry Fork, Belews, Heads and Jones 
Creek. Joachim Creek runs from near the south-west corner to the Mis- 
sissippi, about the middle of the eastern line, the Plattin from the 
southern boundary north, emptying into the Mississippi about three miles 
further south, and the Sandy from the center of the county into the Joachim 
near its mouth. Muddy and Isle au Bois Creeks are on the south-eastern 
boundary. Grand Glaize and Little Rock Creeks empty into the Missis- 
sippi — the former at Sulphur Springs, the latter at Kimmswick. Cotters, 
Ogles, Watering and Buck Creeks flow into the Joachim, and Hocum, 
Flucum, Hominy and Dry Fork empty into the Plattin. The valleys of 
these streams are generally broad, affording many highly cultivated farms, 
possessing soils of remarkable fertility, which sustain a heavy growth of 
excellent timber. Springs abound, and some of them, as those at 



282 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Kimmswick and Sulphur Springs, are considered valuable for their medi- 
cinal qualities. 

There is much valuable timber, but it is fast disappearing along the 
line of the railroad. The growth of bottom lands is sycamore, cotton- 
wood, maple, walnut, hickory, hackberry, oak, buckeye, etc., and of the 
uplands principally oak and hickory. 

The scenery along some of the streams is beautiful, and the limestone 
bluffs of the Mississippi about Selma and Rush Tower have an elevation 
of from 250 to 300 feet, which at a distance bear a remarkable resem- 
blance to artificial towers. Along the line of the St. L. & I .M. R. R. are 
solid masses of white limestone overhanging the track. The country 
along the route is grand and picturesque ; especially interesting to 
geologists. 

Agricultural Productions. The soil of the uplands varies from 
dark to red clay — in some places very deep, in others shallow and gener- 
ally sandy. That of the bottoms is a black loam. 

All kinds of grain and fruits are grown here, corn, wheat and oats 
being the principal crops. Tobacco and cotton are raised to a limited 
extent. A mixed husbandry is generally followed ; that is, to raise grain, 
hay, fruit and stock; all kinds of the latter, especially sheep, do well, par-" 
ticularly where the old plan of letting common stock run without shelter, 
feeding and salting only in winter, has given place to improved breeds 
and greater care. 

Among fruits, apples, peaches and grapes are the specialties ; the first 
are exceedingly fine, and never fail. Peaches are as fine as are grown 
anywhere, and have failed but three times in fifty years, while grape-grow- 
ing and wine-making is now a large industry, and is rapidly increasing. 
About one-tenth of the county is under cultivation. There is no swamp 
or railroad land, and but very little Government Land in the county. 

The Mineral Resources have never been fully developed. Iron 
and zinc are found in considerable quantities, but the former is not 
worked. Lead, however, is the great mineral product of the county. 
Among the more prominent deposits we note the Frionet Mines, seven 
miles west of De Soto. The Frumet Company have recently erected ex- 
tensive works for raising, crushing and smelting the ore, and are now 
doing a fine business. Their works are among the most complete in this 
country. The company is also shipping large quantities of zinc ore found 
on their property in great abundance. Frumet is one of the most promi- 
nent and permanent establishments in the State of Missouri. The Mam- 
moth Mine, west of De Soto, has not been worked for several years. It once 
earned the name applied to it, and no doubt would do so again if properly 
managed. The Plattin Mities, on Plattin Creek, east of De Soto, include 
a large scope of country that paid well for the labor and capital spent 
upon it. It was bought several years ago by a New York Company, for 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 283 

a large sum, but has not since been worked. The Valle Mines, in the 
southern part of the county, have been worked 60 years or more, and are 
still paying both in lead and zinc ore. The Sandy Mines, T. 41, R. 4 & 
5, east, are not now worked — have paid well. The Old Ditch Mines 
near the line of Washington County, have been worked for 40 years or more, 
and always paid although there has never been any machinery used for 
separating ores. Hart' s Mines, near the Franklin and Washington County 
line, have been worked for 10 years, yielding largely. Near the same place 
a mine has been worked for 40 years, and always paid. Some new dis- 
coveries have been made on this lode lately, and near this Neree 
Valle owns a tract of land, rich in ore. The whole south-western part of 
the county is dotted with mines, there being a line of them from near the 
Franklin County corner, in a south-easterly course, to the Ste. Genevieve 
County line, all of which have been successfully worked. Howe' s Mine, 
east of the Plattin Mine before mentioned, was worked several years 
ago, but not recently. McCormack Zinc Mine near Plattin, is success- 
fully worked with a small force. There are a score or more of other mines 
worked occasionally by farmers when they can do nothing else, but the 
great want is capital, and energy to properly develop them. Sulphate of 
baryta accompanies lead ore in nearly all the mines in the county. Build- 
ing stone is abundant everywhere, and potters' and pipe clay are found 
at Gray's, the former also at the Nashville Mines. 

The Manufacturing Interests are a number of flouring and saw- 
mills, 2 lead furnaces, and a plate glass manufacturing company, which is 
about to begin operations at Crystal City. Water power is abundant. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $8,108,520.* 

Railroads. — The St. Louis & Iron Mountain R. R. traverses the 
county from north-east to south-west, with about 33 miles of track, and 
the Missouri Pacific runs near the north-western corner. 

The Exports are lead, zinc, building stone, sand, timber, wood, 
wheat, and small quantities of corn, oats, hay, tobacco, potatoes, fruit and 
stock. 

The Educational Interests consist of one seminary (built at De 
Soto in i860,) and 75 public schools, about half of which have log houses 
which are rapidly giving place to more comfortable and tasteful buildings. 
About half of the sub-districts have a good permanent fund from the 
sale of the i6th section. 

Antonia, 8 miles n. e. of Hillsborough,has 2 stores, a wagon shop and 
stave factory. 

Avoca, 6 miles s. e. of De Soto, has i mill and 2 stores, one of them 
owned by the Valle Mining Co. 

Bailey. — Sc? Hanover. 

* Assesssd valuation in 1873, 13,711,102. Bonded debt, Ji8o,ooo. Borded debt of De Soto, ^25,000. 



284 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

Belew's Creek, a post-office 8 miles n. of Hillsborough. 
Brighton Mills, 3 miles n. w. of House's Springs, has a mill and store. 
Bushberg, on the Mississippi River and on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 
25 miles from St. Louis, is the site of the grape-propagating and wine 
establishment of Is i dor Bush & Son, 

Byrne's Mill, 5 miles w. of House's Springs, has a mill, store, 
school-house and church. 

Cedar Hill, on Big River, 14 miles n. w. of Hillsborough, has a mill 
and store. 

Crystal City, on the Mississippi River, at the mouth of Plattin 
Creek, 3)^ miles s. e. of Bailey, is the site of a plate glass manu- 
factory. 

De Soto, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 42 miles from St. Louis, 
is the largest town in the county, and the shipping point for lead and 
zinc from Frumet, Richwoods, Old Ditch, Valle's and Plattin Mines. 
The town has two flouring-mills, about 15 stores, 2 good hotels, i semi- 
nary, I public school building and 4 churches — Catholic, Methodist, 
Episcopal and Presbyterian. The town recently appropriated $25,000 
(the debt above mentioned) to purchase land for the machine shops of the 
St. L. & I. M. R., thus securing their location and early erection at 
this point. It has the usual complement of mechanics, etc. Population 
about 2,500. The Tribune is published by J. S. & S. B. Brady. 

Dittmer's Store, has a post-office and store, 12 miles n. w. of 
Hillsborough.. 

Frumet, 7 miles w. of De Soto, contains i store, a crusher and sepa- 
rator, and lead furnace. 

Glenwood, a station on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 24 miles from 
St. Louis. 

Hanover, (Bailey) on the St. L. «Sr I. M. R. R., 32 miles from St. 
Louis, has 2 stores, a school-house and Masonic hall, used also for a church. 
Population about 50. 

Hematite, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 35 miles from St. Louis, con- 
tains about 300 inhabitants, and has 2 stores, a school-house and 2 
churches. 

High Ridge, a post-office 21 miles n. of Hillsborough. 

HILLSBOROUGH, the county seat, is situated near the center of 
the county, 4j^ miles from Victoria, and contains about 400 inhabitants. It 
is connected with St. Louis direct, and Victoria on the railroad, by good 
macadamized and graveled roads. It has a very high, healthy location, 
contains 2 churches — Union Protestant and Catholic, a good brick 
school-house, 5 stores, a few mechanics and i newspaper (the only one 
in Hillsboro) — the Jefferson Democrat, published by R. W. McMullin. 

Horine Station, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 29 miles from St. 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 285 

Louis, contains 2 stores, and is a shipping point for wood, timber and 
agricultural productions. 

House's Springs, 14 miles n. of Hillsborough, one of the oldest places 
in the county, contains 2 stores and a good concrete school-house. 

Illinois, a station on the St. L. & I M. R. R., 26 miles from St. 
Louis. 

Jefferson, a station on the St. L. & L M. R. R., 19 miles from St. 
Louis. 

Kimmswick, occupying a beautiful and commanding location on the 
Mississippi River, and on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 21 miles from St. 
Louis, is the second town in size in the county, and has a fine flouring- 
niill, an iron foundry, a good hotel, 5 stores, a beautiful green-house and 
floral garden, a school-house and a Presbyterian church. 

Maxville, on the gravel road leading from St. Louis to Hillsborough, 3 
miles s. of the Maramec River, is a new place with i store. 

Morse's Mill, 6 miles n. w. of Hillsborough, has a mill and i store. 

Old Ditch, a post-office 17 miles s. w. of Hillsborough. 

Pevely, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 27 miles from St. Louis, has 
2 stores, I hotel, i school-house and about 100 inhabitants. It has one 
of the prettiest locations in the county. 

Plattin, a post office 7^ miles e. s. e. of Victoria. 

Rush Tower, a post-office and store 16 miles e. s. e. of Victoria. 
It is also a landing place for boats. 

Sulphur Springs, on the Mississippi River and the St, L. & I. M. 
R. R. , 23 miles from St. Louis, has a flouring-mill, 2 stores, i hotel, a 
school-house, a Presbyterian church, and about 150 inhabitants. 

Victoria, is finely located on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 39 miles from 
St. Louis, and has a good hotel, 2 stores, school-house, and about 300 
inhabitants. 

Vineland, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 47 miles from St. Louis, has 2 
stores, 2 baryta-mills, and about 75 inhabitants. 



JOHNSON COUNTY, 

In the western part of the State, is bounded north by Lafayette County, 
east by Pettis, south by Henry, and west by Cass and Jackson Counties, 
and contains 516,797 acres. 

Population in 1840, 4,471 ; in 1850, 7,464; in i860, 14,644; in 
1870, 24,648, of whom 23,189 were white, and 1,458 colored; 12,662 
male, and 11,986 female; 23,665 native, (11,165 born in Missouri) and 
983 foreign. 

Historj^— The first settlement was made near the present town of 
Columbus in 1833, and among those who drove down their tent pins on 
the hunting ground of the Indians of that neighborhood was Nicholas 
Houx, who afterward built the first house in the county. The same year 
Dr. Robert Rankin, (his son, Mr. Eads Rankin, is now a prominent 
stock-raiser near Columbus,) Rev. Robert King, John Whitsitt, Robert 
Craig, Uriel Murray, Morgan Cockrell, Noland Brewer and Mr. Andruss 
settled in the same vicinity. Later in 1833, Richard Huntsman settled 
near Fayetteville, planting a large number of fruit-tree cuttings, brought 
from Tennessee. One of the products of this orchard afterward became 
widely known among fruit-growers as "Huntsman's Favorite." Chris- 
topher and James Mulkey, Jacob Pearman, Edward Corder, and 
Wm. Frapp, came also in 1833, the two last named settling 6 miles west 
of the present site of Dunksburg. These were followed by Harvey Har- 
rison (afterward county judge), Gideon Harrison, John and Thomas 
Evans,. Wm. Hooten, Joseph Hobson, Samuel Evans, William Bigham, 
Robert Graham, James Cockrell, Jos. Harrison, (a soldier in the war of 
1812,) and John, Wm., Daniel and David Marr. These brothers settled 
near the head-waters of Post Oak Creek, and north of them, Abner, 
James and John Stewart, Jacob Eppright and Abel Gilliland ; Wm. T. 
bonway in 1832, Wm. C. Baker in 1833. Solomon and Jesse Cox, Foun- 
tain Page, Robert, Samuel and John Graham, Rufus Hornbuckle, 
Simpson Brown, John Thornton, James and Wm. Carmichael, Henry 
Colburn, Edward and Charles Collins, James Simpson, James Borthick, 
and Joel Walker settled in what was known as the Graham neighborhood, 
near Fayetteville ; Samuel and Guy Graham and Phillip Houx near Cen- 
ter View. Among the early settlers in the south-eastern part of the county 
were James Patrick, J. N. Ousley, Dr. Ousley, Nathan Janes, Henry 
Forbian, Maj. Neil, Squire Cooper, Adam Fickus and James Marshall. 
Many of these pioneers still live to recount their tales of early peril and 
hardship. These were famous Indian hunting grounds, and wonderful 



288 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL 

stories are told of the buffalo, antelope, elk and deer that roamed in 
vast herds over the hills and prairies, besides smaller game found in the 
forests that skirted the streams. 

The county was organized Dec. 13th, 1834, and named in honor of 
Richard M. Johnson, of Kentucky. The first court was held in a grove 
near Columbus. The first county justices were Amos Horn, Dr. Robert 
Rankin, and Uriel Murray. Among the first papers acted upon was a 
petition from Harvey Harrison, for the sale of Sec. 16, T. 47, R. 26, for 
school purposes, this being the first section sold in the county for the 
benefit of that fund. It was offered in 80-acre tracts, and brought from 
1.25 to $3.50 per acre. The first circuit court was held at the residence 
of Nicholas Houx in Columbus, Judge John Ryland (afterward judge 
of the supreme court of the State,) presiding. Martin D. Warren, father 
of James Warren, (from whom the county seat was subsquently named,) 
was the first circuit and ex-ofiicio county clerk, and Joseph Cockrell, 
sheriff. He was succeeded by Dr. Wm. Calhoun, afterward State 
senator. The first representative was Macklin White. The county seat 
was located about 3 miles east of the present site of Columbus on 
the farm of Mrs. Fanny Cockrell, but the selection meeting with much 
opposition from other parts of the county, the commissioners reconsid- 
ered their decision and selected the present location, then owned by 
Martin D. Warren. With the exception of a few years during the Civil 
War, Johnson County has enjoyed uninterrupted prosperity, growing 
steadily in wealth and importance. 

Physical Features. — The general face of the country is undulating. 
In the extreme south-east is the High Point of Tebo, which forms the 
water-shed between the streams running to the Missouri, and those 
emptying in the Osage ; north of this is Bristle Ridge, a low range of hills 
terminating at Mountserrat, on the M. P. R. R. Basin Knob Ridge skirts 
the western border of the county and forms the water-shed for the 
tributaries of the Missouri River, and those of the Black Water, the 
latter finding its source in- living springs which flow from the base of 
Basin Knob Ridge. This ridge terminates in a high bluff near Kings- 
ville, and affords an extensive view of the county, which is level or 
slightly undulating, interspersed with an abundance of timber, consisting 
of walnut, elm, maple, ash, several varieties of oak, etc., which grow 
especially along the valleys of Black Water, Clear Fork, Bear, Honey, 
Walnut, Brush, Scaly Bark and Big Creeks; and on the crests of the 
ridges referred to, which also afford a choice variety of burr-oak, walnut 
and hickory for manufacturing purposes. 

In the early settlement of this county, its vast prairies were considered 
of little value by persons from densely timbered countries; but since 
the prairie fires are kept out, groves are growing up rapidly. The soil of 



JOHNSON COUNTY. 289 

the prairie is a dark loam mixed with the debris of limestone rock, and 
is very fertile; that of the woodland is a reddish brown, and is well 
adapted to wheat and corn. The saline springs which abound are highly 
prized by stock-growers, and the numerous streams traversing the prairies 
peculiarly fit them for pasturage. Of these, the largest is Black Water, 
which has its source in the north-western part of the county, and flowing 
south, east, and then north-east, is swollen to quite a river by Brush, 
Post Oak, Bear and Clear Fork from the south, and Honey, North 
Walnut, Cracker, Davis and some smaller creeks from the north. Clear 
Fork its largest tributary, flows from the south nearly due north, through 
the eastern part of the county, and is joined from the west by Mineral 
Creek. The south-western part is well watered by numerous small 
streams; among them. Big Creek with its tributaries of Lost, Panther 
and South Walnut Creeks from the west, and Butcher, Scaly Bark, and 
Doe Creeks from the east A large proportion of the soil is rich and 
well adapted to agriculture, producing a large yield of all kinds of grains, 
grasses, fruits and vegetables. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, tobacco, hemp, 
rye, barley, flax, buckwheat, castor beans, and potatoes of both kinds. 
Corn and wheat are the staples, this ranking among the leading wheat- 
growing counties of the State. Blue grass is extensively grown, and is 
rapidly taking the place of the wild grasses. This is decidedly a fruit- 
growing county, apples, especially, being abundant and of excellent 
quality Grape-growing is attracting much attention, and there are 
some fine vineyards. There are a few small tracts of lands owned by 
the M. P. R. R. for sale in the county.* 

Mineral Resources.— Large quantities of excellent coal are found 
in various parts, the strata being from 18 to 30 inches in thickness. In 
the vicinity of Warrensburg, Montserratt and Carbon Hill, mining has 
been carried on quite extensively. In the south-eastern part of the 
county are found veins of ochre, choice clays, and a stratum of plumbago 
and black oxyde of manganese, which is susceptible of a fine polish and 
makes a clear, black mark. The limestone through the county embraces 
several varieties, some of which contain numerous fossils. Several spec- 
imens of petrifactions— principally of wood-have been found in the 
south-east corner of the county. The best quality of white and blue 
sandstone exists in great abundance in the vicinity of Warrensburg. The 
beds are deep, and the stone clear of veins and other imperfections, so 
that pieces of any desired size may be obtained. 

The Manufacturing Interests are represented by 10 flounng- 
mills, with a capacity of 1,000 barrels a day, beside some other grist- 
mills, a foundry and machine shop a Warrensburg, a cement-mill and 

* For prices, terms and full particulars, see Appendix— Page 



290 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF AIISSOURL 

kiln at the same ])lace, which makes a fine article of hydraulic cement, 
and 3 agricultural implement manufactories. 

^A/'ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^18,000,000.* 

Railroads. — There are 41 miles of track in this county, of which the 
Missouri Pacific Railroad has 31 miles and the Missouri, Kansas & Texas 
R. R. 10 miles. 

The Exports are chiefly wheat, flour, corn, oats, apples, potatoes, 
live stock, coal and stone. 

The Educational Interests are well attended to, every sub-dis- 
trict being provided with schools and comfortable buildings. The Sec- 
ond District State Normal School, located at Warrensburg, is in 
successful operation, employing, in 1873, ^^ teachers, and having an 
attendance of 300 scholars. The State pays $10,000 annually toward 
sustaining this institution, which is a source of pride to the citizens. 

Benton. — See McClurg. 

Burnett's Station, (Wall's Store,) a post-office 16 miles s. s. e. of 
Warrensburg. 

Carbon Hill, (Clear Fork,) a station on the M. P. R. R., 7 miles e. 
of Warrensburg. 

Centre View, on the M. P. R. R., 6 miles w. of Warrensburg, is 
well laid out, and surrounded by a rich prairie. It contains 2 flouring- 
mills — one with three sets of buhrs and a capacity of 100 barrels of flour 
daily, 8 stores, i saddle and harness, i wagon and i carpenter shop, 
and I tannery, besides some other small business houses. Population 
about 200. 

Chalybeate, a post-office 8 miles s. s. w. of Warrensburg. 

Chilhowee, 14 mile, s. s. w. of Warrenburg, has 2 stores, i carpen- 
ter shop, I church and a school-house. Population about 100. 

Clear Fork. — See Carbon Hill. 

Columbus, 13 miles n. w. of Warrensburg, is the oldest town in the 
county, having been settled in 1833. It is pleasantly located in the edge 
of the timber near a valuable mineral spring, is surrounded by a fine 
country, and contains 3 churches — Cumberland Presbyterian, M. E. Ch. 
South and Christian, i good flouring-mill — 3 run of buhrs — 100 barrels 
a day, i wheelwright and 2 wagon shops, and 4 stores. Population 
about 150. 

Cornelia, a post-office 10 miles s. of Warrensburg. 

Fayette ville, (Hazel Hill,) 10 miles n. of Warrensburg, on the Lex- 
ington turnpike, is situated on a prairie in a wealthy farming community. 
It contains i church — Christian, and 7 stores. Population about 200. 

Gallagher — See Mo ntserratt. 



♦Assessed valuation in 1873, J8, 107,870. Taxation, $^ per |ioo. Bonded debt, ^10,000! Warrens- 
burg and Madison Townships each have a bonded debt of Jioo,oooo; both R. R. debts. 



JOHNSON COUNTY. 291 

Hazel Hill — See Fayetteville. 

Holden, at the junction of the M. P. R. R. with M. K. & T. R. R., 
^232 miles from St. Louis, is the second town of importance in the 
•county. It contains 5 churches — Presbyterian, Cumberland Presbyterian, 
M. E. Ch., Christian and Catholic, good public schools, with an 
attendance of 550 scholars, 2 hotels, i large flouring-mill, i newspaper 

— The Ente7'prise, published by G. N. Richards, about 20 stores, 3 lum- 
ber yards, i livery stable, i gunsmith, i saddle and harness and 2 car- 
penter shops, I broom factory, 2 grain depots and i nurseryman. Popu- 
lation about 2,500. 

Kings ville. — See Ramey. 

Knobnoster, on the M. P. R. R., 10 miles east of Warrensburg, 
derives its name from a prominent mound or knob that stands near to it, 
isolated, on the prairie. The surrounding country is pleasantly diversified 
by timber and streams, and there is in the neighborhood an abundance ol 
good coal, and a bed of ochre. The town was laid off in 1845, incor- 
porated in 1852, and contains 5 churches — M. E. Ch., Cumberland 
Presbyterian, Presbyterian, Christian and Catholic, i school, i bank, i 
newspaper — the Missouri Fanner, published by J. R. Cordell, 2 hotels, 2 
livery stables, 20 stores, i Avagon and i saddler's shop, 2 lumber yards, i 
nursery and i grain depot. Population, about 2,000. 

McClurg, (Benton,) a station on the M. K. & T. R. R., 8 miles s. w. 
of Holden. 

Montserratt, (Gallagher,) on the M. P. R. R., 6 miles east of War- 
rensburg, contains 2 churches, a public school, a grain elevator and a few 
business houses. Population, about 100. 

Pittsville, 10 miles n. of Holden, is in the midst of a fine farming 
country, and has i church — Baptist, a good public school and 2 stores. 
Population, about 100. 

Ramey, (Kingsville,) on the M. P. R. R., 19 miles w. of Warrens- 
burg, has I hotel, 6 stores, a flouring-mill and a carpenter shop. Popula- 
tion, about 300. 

Rose Hill, 7 miles s. s. w, of Holden, has 3 stores and a public school. 

Wall's Store. — See Burnett's Station. 

WARRENSBURG, the county seat, on the M. P. R. R., 218 miles 
west of St. Louis, is pleasantly located on a high, timbered ridge, com- 
manding an extensive view of well cultivated prairies, dotted with farm 
houses, stretching away from the town in all directions. The location is 
healthy, and in the vicinity are a number of fine springs. The town was 
laid off in 1835 by John and Martin D. Warren, for whom it was named. 
The first term of the county court was held there in 1836; it was incorpo- 
rated as a town in 1846, and as a city in 1855. It contains 3 newspapers 

— The Democrat, published by Julian & Conklin, The Standard, by 
Baldwin & Klain, and The Jotirnal, by S. P. Cutler; 13 churches — M. E. 



292 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

Ch., M. E. Ch. South, 2 Presbyterian, United Presbyterian^ 
Ciunberland Presbyterian, German Lutheran, Christian, Baptist, Episco- 
pal, Catholic, colored Methodist and colored Baptist, 2 flouring-mills, 
about 30 stores, a good city hall, i carriage and i agricultural implement 
manufactory, 2 hotels, i carding and spinning machine, 3 lumber yards 
and various other establishments, i nurseryman. Population, about 5000, 
Besides other public schools the Second District State Normal School is 
located here. 



KNOX COUNTY, 

In the north-east part of the State, is bounded north by Scotland County, 
east by Clark and Lewis, south by Shelby and Macon, and west by Macon 
and Adair Counties, and contains 323,195 acres. 

Population in 1850, 2,894; in i860, 8,727; in 1870, 10,974, of 
Avhom 10,774 were white, and 200 colored; 5,735 male, and 5,239 
female; 10,368 native (4,855 born in Missouri) and 606 foreign. 

History. — In the fall of 1832, Stephen Cooper, from Howard 
County, settled in what is now the northern part of Knox, and .2 years 
late-r Richard Cook and James Reid followed him. During 1840 a num- 
ber of emigrants from Ohio, Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky established 
themselves in various parts of the county. In 1842 Peter Early, an Irish- 
man, established a small colony of his countrymen near Edina, and this has 
so constantly been added to, that now the foreign born inhabitants con- 
stitute an important part of the population, and are among the most 
prominent and industrious citizens. The first church was built at Edina, 
in 1842, by the Catholics. 

Knox was organized February 14th, 1845, ^"^ named in honor of Gen. 
Knox, of Revolutionary fame. 

Physical Features. — The surface of the country is undulating, about 
three-fifths prairie and two-fifths timber. It is well watered by South 
Fabius, Bridge and Troublesome Creeks and numerous other small 
streams, all flowing from north-west to south-east, and bordered with the 
different varieties of oak, hickory, walnut, elm, maple, etc. 

The soil is good and well adapted to all the cereals. This is an 
excellent grazing district, as all the grasses succeed admirably, and water 
for stock is abundant. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, oats, rye, barley, tobacco, 
the grasses, vegetables and fruits — especially apples and peaches. 

This being such an excellent grazing county, stock-raising is an impor- 
tant interest, and the dairy business is made a specialty in several parts 
of the county. During 1873 Knox County shipped 1,420 horses, 520 
mules, 32,874 hogs, 6,251 sheepand 13,151 cattle; aggregate value over 
^400,000. 

The Manufacturing Interests are but poorly developed. There 
is room for many new branches of industry. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, 1^4,500,000.* 

* Assessed valuation for 1873, ^3,194,893. Bonded debt, ^1169,100. Taxation $1.05 per $100. 



294 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Railroads. — The Quincy, Missouri & Pacific R. R., has 23 miles of 
track passing through the county from east to west. There are about 
18 miles of bridging and grading done on the Keokuk & Kansas City 
R. R., from Edina in a south-westerly direction to the line of Macon 
County. 

The Exports are horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, mules, corn, oats, tim- 
othy and hungarian seed, hay, tobacco, wool and butter. 

Educational Interests. — There are 80 sub-districts, with good 
school-houses, well furnished. Edina and some of the larger towns have 
well-arranged and substantial buildings. The schools are in session from 
4 to 8 months each year. St. Joseph's Academy, under the care of the 
Sisters of Loretto, the only incorporated institution in the county, is 
located at Edina. 

Bee Ridge, a post-office 9 miles s. e. from Edii.a. 

Colony, a post-office 18 miles n. e. from Edina. 

EDINA, the county seat, on the Q. M. & P. R. R., 47 miles from 
Quincy, was laid out in 1839 by Jackson Smallwood and Stephen Car- 
negy, and incorporated February i6th, 1857. The town is well and com- 
pactly built, and its people are energetic and intelligent. It has 10 dry 
goods, 6 grocery and 2 hardware stores, 2 newspapers — The Sentinel, 
published by James C. Claypool, and The Democrat, published by Griffin 
Frost, 4 churches — Catholic, M. E. Ch., Christian and Presbyterian. An 
elegant Catholic church is now being erected, to cost, when completed, 
^^50,000. This denomination is believed to largely out-number all others. 
Edina has a fine public school and a separate building for colored children. 
The Academy of St. Joseph is also located here. Population, about 1,500. 

Goodland, a post-office 18 miles s. w. from Edina. 

Greensburgh, a post-office 10 miles n. from Edina. 

Hurdland, on the Q. M. & P. R. R., 7 miles w. from Edina. 

Knox City, (Myrtle,) on the Q. M. & P. R. R., 9 miles e. from Edina, 
was laid off in 1872 and has i store. 

Locust Hill, a post-office 1 2 miles s. w. from Edina, on the line of the 
projected K. & K. C. R. R. 

Millport, 9 miles n. e. from Edina, is a growing town, having a good 
grist-mill, saw-mill, also several stores and shops. Population, about 200. 

Myrtle. — See Knox City. 

Newark, a small village 19 miles s. e. from Edina, was laid off in 
1836. Population, about 250. 

Novelty, a post-office 12 miles s. from Edina. 

Owl Creek, a post-office 14 miles s. e. from Edina. 



LACLEDE COUNTY, 

In the south-central part of the State, is bounded north by Camden and 
Pulaski Counties, east by Pulaski and Texas, south by Wright and Web- 
ster, and west by Dallas County, and contains 474,879 acres. 

Population in 1850, 2,498; in i860, 5,182; in 1870, 9,380, of 
whom 9,218 were white, and 162 colored; 4,724 male and 4,656 
female ; 9,036 native (4,536 born in Missouri) and 344 foreign. 

History. — Laclede was settled mostly by emigrants from Tennessee, 
although, as in most parts of Missouri, Kentucky was soon represented ; 
and there were also a few settlers from Indiana, Illinois, and some fami- 
lies from the Eastern States, who came early into the territory which now 
forms this county. At the time of its first settlement it was a part of 
Pulaski, but was organized as a separate county February 24th, 1849, when 
it received its name in honor of Pierre Laclede Liguest, the founder of 
St. Louis. 

During the late Civil War this county suffered considerably from the 
invasion of the contending forces. The court-house and county jail 
were destroyed, but since peace was proclaimed the county has progressed 
rapidly in population and general improvements. 

Physical Features. — Laclede is situated upon the summit level of 
the Ozark Range, and presents a great variety of surface, from the level 
or moderately undulating prairies to rugged hills and miniature moun- 
tains. In the vicinity of Big Niangua, Gasconade and Osage Fork of 
Gasconade the hills range from 150 to 500 feet in height, separated 
from each other by deep and narrow valleys. From this elevation four 
streams — Woolsey's, Mountain, Spring Hollow and Sweet Hollow — flow 
west into the Niangua. Goodwin Hollow runs north to the Auglaize, a 
tributary of the Osage River, while the eastern and southern parts of the 
county are drained by Osage Fork of Gasconade, Gasconade River, 
and Bear, Mill, Cobbs, Brush, Panther, Parks, Steen and several smaller 
creeks. An erroneous impression is generally formed of these elevated 
table-lands from the manner in which they are represented upon many of 
the maps. (For correction of these errors, see general article on 
Topography.) 

The soil of the upland is varied ; the light and gravelly portions are 
well adapted to fruit-culture, and particularly favorable for grapes, while 
in the post-oak flats the clay comes nearer the surface. The bottoms 
along the larger water courses are remarkable for their fertility, and sup- 
port a heavy growth of the finest kinds of timber. They are capable of 



296 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

producing excellent crops of corn, hemp and oats, and after being par- 
tially exhausted by cultivation, they become excellent wheat lands. The 
bottoms of the smaller streams are not so heavily timbered, but are 
scarcely inferior in point of fertility. The country is well watered, not 
only by running streams, but also by never-failing springs. Professor 
Swallow, in his Geological Report of Missouri, notices one of these — 
Bryce's Spring (Bennett's Spring) — whose waters are now used as the 
propelling power of Bennett's flouring-mill and carding machine. 

Caves are of frequent occurrence, and some of them are of considerable 
magnitude. The one most deserving of notice is Cave Spring, situated 
on the east side of Park's Creek, in section 18, T. 32, Range 15. The 
entrance, 35 feet wide and 30 feet high, at the foot of a perpendicular 
cliff, is far above the water level. There is, on sec. 21, T. 34, R. 17, 
a natural bridge or tunnel 7 miles west of Lebanon, worthy of mention. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, timothy, 
hungarian and other grasses, tobacco, hemp, barley and buckwheat ; 
while all the fruits of the latitude, especially peaches and grapes, grow- 
abundantly, and are of excellent flavor. The county is well adapted to 
stock-raising, and the main profit to farmers comes from the sale of 
horses, mules, cattle and hogs. 

There is quite an amount of swamp land for sale in this county and 
85,000 acres of choice land belonging to the A. & P. R. R., for sale 
on their usual terms at $2 to $7.50 per acre.* 

The Mineral Resources though not yet developed, are undoubtedly 
great. Large masses of hematite have been observed near Bear Creek, in 
T. 36, R. 14. Sulphuret of lead and zinc occur in T. 36. Dark grey 
dolomite, a fine building material, fire-stone, and a sandstone, 
composed of grains firmly cemented with a silicious paste which has 
been successfully used for mill-stones, an^ also limestone from which 
excellent lime is made, abound in this county. 

The Manufacturing Interests are at present confined to a few saw 
and grist-mills and a wool carding-mill, though the excellent water power 
of the county invites a larger development. 

^A(^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $3,000,000.! 

Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. passes through Laclede 
from north-east to south-west, having 40 miles of track in the county. 
The Laclede & Fort Scott R. R., was commenced in 1869 and graded from 
Lebanon to the western line of the county, a distance of about 14 miles ; 

♦ The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix 

t Assessed valuation ini873.Ji,505,2i5- Taxation, ^2.15 per $ioo. Bonded debt, ^100,000. Float- 
ing debt, $10,000. 



LACLEDE COUNTY. 



297 



this project, however, was temporarily suspended after the county had in- 
curred a debt of ^100,000. 

The Exports are corn, wheat and stock. 

The Educational Interests are well attended to. There is a high 
school at Lebanon, and about 100 other schools in the county, all pro- 
gressing well. 

Brush Creek, a station on the A. & P. R. R., 9 miles s, w. of 
Lebanon. 

Case, a post-office 13 miles n. of Lebanon. 

Competition, (Newburg,) 22 miles s. e. of Lebanon, on the Gascon- 
ade River, has a good school-house and a Masonic hall, and is in the 
center of an extensive mineral district. Population, about 100. 

Conway, a station on the A. & P. R. R., 16 miles s. w. of Lebanon. 

Hazel Green, a post-office 2 miles e. of Sleeper. 

Jericho, a post-office 1 7 miles s. of Lebanon. 

LEBANON, the county seat, on the A. &. P. R. R., i86 miles from 
St. Louis, has a beautiful situation near the center of the county, sur- 
rounded by a fine agricultural district. It contains 6 churches — Congre- 
gational, M. E. Ch., Christian, Baptist, Catholic and colored Baptist. 
Several others have organizations but no church buildings. There are 2 
Masonic lodges with halls, i Royal Arch Chapter, i Odd Fellows lodge 
and hall ; i high school, i colored school, i bank, i steam grist and saw- 
mill, 21 stores, I lumber yard, 2 cabinet makers, i brewery, 3 hotels, 2 
wagon and 3 carpenter shops, i stock yard and 2 newspapers — the Lebanon 
Chronicle, ]. F. Johnson, publisher, and the Lebanon Anti-Monopolist^ 
J. G. Lemen publisher. Population about 1,200. 

Nebo, a post-office 20 miles e. of Lebanon. 

Newburg, — See Competition. 

Oakland, a post-office 12 miles e. of Lebanon. 

Phillipsburgh, a post-office on the A. & P. R. R., 12 miles s. of 
Lebanon, 

Pine Creek, a post-office 22 miles e. s. e. of Lebanon. 

Sleeper, a station on the A. & P. R. R. 7 miles n. of Lebanon. 

Spring Hollow, a post-office 9 miles s. w. of Lebanon. 

Warrenville, a post-office 9 miles n. e. of Lebanon. 



LAFAYETTE COUNTY, 

In the western part of the State, is bounded north by the Missouri River, 
which separates it from Ray and Carroll Counties, east by Saline, south 
by Johnson and west by Jackson, and contains 403,671 acres. 

Population in 1830, 2,912; in 1840, 6,815; in 1850, 13,690; in 
i860, 20,098; in 1870, 22,623, of whom 18,584 were white, and 4,039 
colored; 11,689 male, and 10,934 female; 20,692 native, (12,518 born 
in Missouri) and 1,931 foreign. 

History. — During the war of 181 2, the site of the pleasant village of 
Mayview — long known as Heth Hills — was the scene of a bloody con- 
flict between a detachment of U. S. troops, Capt. Heth commanding, 
and a large body of Indians. There was no further trouble with the sav- 
ages, and Gilead Rupe, who located, in 18 15, on the farm now occupied 
by Mr. Erskine, 2^ miles south of Lexington, lived unmolested, although 
his nearest neighbor was Jesse Cox, who settled about the same time in 
the bottom above Arrow Rock, distant about 65 miles. In 1816, 
Thos. Hopper, of North Carolina, settled 8 miles south-west of the present 
site of Lexington, and was followed by Solomon Cox, who located near 
what is now the village of Dover. Albert and Wilson Owens came the 
same year, and located where Lexington now stands. In 1818 the immi- 
gration was quite large, and among those who came were G. Tryham, 
Rad. Cole, John Lovelady, Wm. and John Dickson, James Lillard, 
C. Turnage and James Hicklin. The last named, now an aged and 
wealthy citizen residing 3 miles east of Lexington, split the first rails 
ever made in the county. The venerable John Nelson, still living in the 
vicinity of Lexington, and others now dead, came about 1820. Indeed 
the immigration was so great about this time — 15 or 20 families coming 
in — that much dissatisfaction was felt among the older settlers. The 
nearest corn mill was in the Big Bottom in Saline County, 60 miles 
distant ; and the nearest flouring-mill was at Old Franklin. 

Lillard County was organized Nov. i6th, 1820, from Cooper, and the 
county seat was located at Mt. Vernon, 10 miles below the present site 
of Lexington, where the first court was held in 1820. The first judge, 
Hon. David Todd, was succeeded by Hon. John F. Ryland, who continued 
to preside until appointed to the supreme bench by Gov. Austin A. King. 
Dec. 3rd, 1822, the county seat was removed to Lexington, and soon 
after, court was held in Dr. Buck's house, the first one built in the place, 
and which still stands. Mr. Geo. Houx, who traveled through the 
county in 1822, states that there was only one church at that time within 



;3oo CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

its limits. This was a Baptist church, located about 2 miles south-west of 
Lexington, where Mr. Wright's lime-kiln now stands. In 1826, a brick 
church building was erected by the Cumberland Presbyterians at Lexing- 
ton, and at this place in 1822, Mr. John Aull, elder brother of Mr. Robert 
AuU, of St. Louis, and of Mrs. Pomeroy, of Lexington, built the first stone- 
house. In 1834, the name of the county was changed to Lafayette, and 
its present boundaries established. This county suffered less than many 
other portions of the State during the late Civil War; one sharp conflict, 
however, occurred at the old Mason ice College in Lexington, between the 
Federals under Col. Mulligan, and the Confederates commanded by 
Gen. Price. 

Physical Features. — The northern boundary is washed by the Mis- 
souri River, which receives numerous small tributaries from this county, 
chief of which are Big Sniabar, East Fork of Sniabar, Little Sniabar, Big 
Tabo and Salt Creeks. The southern portion is watered by Davis and 
Black Jack Creeks. All of these streams are bordered by a fine growth 
of the various kinds of oak, also hickory, elm, ash, etc. The face of the 
county is generally undulating, and the soil is of a deep rich loam, under- 
laid with limestone. A ridge passes south of the central part of the 
country from north-east to south-west, which separates the affluents of the 
Missouri from the sub-tributaries of LaMine, and in the south-western 
part there are some elevations — chief of which are Buck and Wagon 
Knobs — from which fine views of the surrounding country may be had. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, tobacco, hemp, 
oats, barley, rye, the grasses, fruits and vegetables. The yield of wheat 
for 1873 i^ estimated at 1,000,000 bushels; corn, 2,000,000; tobacco, 
500,000 pounds; and hemp, 1,500 tons. Blue grass succeeds well, and 
its acreage is yearly increasing. Great attention is given to stock, espe- 
cially to hogs, and large numbers are raised annually. The fruits of this 
latitude are grown in large quantities, and are of fine size and flavor. 

Mineral Resources. — Coal crops out near the base of the Missouri 
River Bluffs, and along some of the smaller water courses. The average 
thickness of the vein is about 22 inches. Drift mining was exclusively 
practiced until lately, but several shafts have been sunk with satisfactory 
results. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of foundry and machine 
shops, flouring, planing and saw-mills, woolen-mills, breweries, carriage, 
wagon, hemp and furniture factories. 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $20,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The Lexington Branch of the Missouri Pacific R. R. 
extends from Lexington, 27)4 miles, diagonally through the county and 
passes out near the south-eastern corner. The Burlington & South-west- 

* Assessed valuation in 1873, 56,797,93. Taxation, $3.65 per ;gioo. Bonded debt, ^1,044,921 Float- 
ng debt, ^24,470, Debt of townships, 1^313,000. 



LAFAYETTE COUNTY. 301 

-ern R. R. is graded 26 miles in a south-westerly direction from Lexing- 
ton, which place is also the terminus of the St. Louis & St. Joseph R. R. 

The Exports are wheat, coal, hemp, cattle, hogs, corn, flour, etc. 

Educational Interests. — Number of sub-districts, 91; of school- 
houses, 95 ; of schools, 102; of children of school age, 8,931 ; teachers, 
130 ; value of public school property, $71,185. In addition to the pub- 
lic shools, which are of a high order, there are three seminaries for young 
ladies, and several smaller private schools. Value of private school 
property, about $60,000. 

Aullville, on the L. &. St. L. R. R., 17 miles from Lexington, in a 
good agricultural district, was incorporated July 1871. Pop. about 500. 

Berlin, on the Missouri River, 8 miles e. n. e. of Lexington, and 2 
miles n. of Dover, for which place, and the surrounding rich country, 
it is the shipping point by river, was incorporated March 1854. The 
exports during the year 1873 were as follows: wheat, 40,000 bushels; 
hemp, 600 tons; hogs, 1,490; cattle, 100; corn, 30,000 bushels; and 
sundries valued at $15,000. 

Chapel Hill, 26 miles s. s. w, of Lexington, and a designated sta- 
tion on the B. & S. W. R. R., was incorporated in September 1857. 

Concordia, on the L. & St. L. R. R., 24 miles s. e. of Lexington, 
incorporated August 1869, is a thrifty and prosperous village in the 
center of a densely populated German settlement. Population about 600. 

Dick, a post-office 14 miles e. of Page City. 

Dover, 10 miles e. of Lexington, incorporated March 1835, is a 
beautiful village in a rich farming country, and contains 3 churches and 
several business houses. Population about 150. 

Freedom, a post-office 3 miles s. of Aullville. 

Greenton, a post-office 12 miles s. s. w. of Lexington, is surrounded 
by a country of great beauty and fertility. 

Higginsville, on the L. & St. L. R. R., 13 miles s. e. of Lexing- 
ton, was incorporated August 1869. Population about 300. 

LEXINGTON, the county seat, situated on the high and healthful 
bluffs of the Missouri River, and on the L. & St. L. R. R., 55 miles from 
Sedalia, and 244 miles from St. Louis, was settled by A. and W. Owens 
from North Carolina, in the year 181 7, and was laid off by Commis- 
ioners James Bounds, John Dustan and James Lillard ; the city charter 
was obtained March 5th, 1855. This is one of the most beautiful cities 
of the State; th-e streets are broad and adorned with shade trees, chiefly 
maple, and the residences are built with taste, and usually surrounded 
with beautiful flowers and shrubbery, while the business houses are 
substantial and commodious. Lexington was long the commercial center 
of the western portion of the State, until the construction of the M. 
P. R. R. so cut off the trade as to render it now dependent upon the 
country contiguous to it, but its healthy location, its great educational 



30 2 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

advantages and its inexhaustible coal fields must always make it an. 
important place. It contains 3 public schools, to one of which a high; 
school is attached; 10 teachers are employed who have the care of 605 
pupils. There is also a public school for colored children, employing 4 
teachers and having an attendance of 240 scholars. There are 3 semi- 
naries for young ladies, also i private high school for boys and i private 
school. There are 12 churches — Catholic, M. E,. Ch. South Presbyter- 
ian, Presbyterian (O. S.), Cumberland Presbyterian, Baptist, Christian,, 
Episcopal, German Methodist, 2 colored Methodist and i colored ^Baptist, 
also 3 newspapers — The Caucasian, edited and published by Ethan Allen, 
Hon. J. T. Child and W. G. Musgrove, The Intelligeiicer, published by the 
Intelligencer Pub. Co., M. A. Steele, editor, and The Register, published 
by H. W. Turner ; Col. Mark L. DeMotte and C. B. Wilson, editors ; 4 
banks and about 70 stores. Population, about 6,000. 

It may not be uninteresting to mention that in Lafayette County there: 
has existed for many years past, what is known as the *'01d Men's Asso- 
ciation;" the only qualification for membership is that the applicant shall 
have attained the age of three score and ten. Semi-annually (spring and 
fall) they dine at the house of some member. At a meeting recently held at 
the hospitable residence of Mr. John R. Ford — one of the association — in 
addition to the members,i6in number, there were present three venerable 
ladies, two of whom were over 95, and one over 85 years of age. The 
aggregate ages of the company assembled that day was over 1,600 years. 

Lisbon. — See Napoleon. 

Mayvie'w, 12 miles s. s, e. of Lexington, on the line of the proposed 
Kansas City & Arrow Rock R. R., is about 8 miles n. w. of AuUville, and. 
was incorporated December, 1867. This town is near the center of the 
county, and is built upon a succession of mounds, which gives it a fine view.. 

Mt. Hope, a post-office 20 miles s. w. of Lexington has 4 stores. 

Napoleon, (formerly Lisbon,) on the Missouri River, and 13 miles w. 
s. w. of Lexington, was incorporated November 1836. The exports for 
1873 were 5,500 bushels of >vheat, 50 tons of hemp, 1,000 hogs, 1,054, 
bushels of corn, 4,000 tons of tobacco, sundries $2,000 in value. 

Page City, a post-office on the L. & St. L. R. R. 9 m. s. e. of Lexington.. 

Pleasant Prairie, a post-office 17 miles s. w. of Lexington. 

Sniabar, a post-office 20 miles s. s. w. of Lexington. 

Tabo, a post-office 18 miles s. s. e. of Lexington. 

^Al^ave^ly, on the Missouri River, 22 miles e. of Lexington, situated^ 
on land that was entered by Wm. Carroll in 1818, was incorporated in 
1848. It has 2 banks, several churches and schools, and is an important 
shipping point. Population, about 900. 

Wellington, on the Missouri River, 8 miles s. vv. of Lexington, was-; 
incorporated in 1837. Population, about 700. 



LAWRENCE COUNTY, 

In the south-western part of the State, is bounded north by Dade County, 
east by Greene, Christian and Stone, south by Barry, and west by Newton 
and Jasper Counties, and contains 384,000 acres. 

Population in 1850, 4,859; in i860, 8,846; in 1870, 13,067, of 
whom 12,808 were white, and 2,599 colored; 6,634 male, and 6,433 
female; 12,829 native (6,154 born in Missouri), and 238 foreign. 

History. — A number of families accompanied Judge John Williams 
from Tennessee in 1831, but on reaching the creek and "breaks " near 
the eastern part of the county, all turned back disheartened, except the 
Judge and his son, Samuel S. Williams, whereupon the creek was called 
Turnback, and still bears that name. Mr. S. S. Williams settled on 
Spring River, 2 miles west of Mount Vernon, and was joined the same 
year by Geo. M. Gibson and Daniel Lee. From that time to 1839, many 
moved in, among whom were Alfred Moore, William Wright, George 
Hill, A. B. Baugh, Jesse Duncan, Ad. Whipple, Sampson Wright, Wm. 
Jennings, John W. Moore, Robert Jennings, Jesse Williamson and Joseph 
W. Ellis-i^the four last-named still living. Mr. Joseph W. Ellis may be 
mentioned as one of the pioneer teachers of the South-west. He opened 
a school in the William's settlement in 1839, and for 30 years pursued his 
laborious avocation in this county. For several years after the first set- 
tlers had located, the Indians, especially the Delawares, passed through 
the county on their annual hunts, from their reservation to White River. 
The whole country was then filled with game — now only an occasional wolf 
or deer is found, but turkeys, prairie chickens, quails, etc., are still 
abundant. In 1835, ^ grist-mill was built near the northern boundary 
of the county and 7 miles from the north-east corner. It was called 
Lumley's Mill. Settlers carried their grist to this mill over many a 
weary mile. In these days, all the groceries and ''store goods" were 
brought by teams from Boonville, the principal trading point. The 
county was organized Feb. 25th, 1845, ^oi^ parts of Dade and 
Barry, and the first county court was held at the house of Robert B. 
Taylor, April 7th, 1845, t>y judges Joseph Schooling, Joseph Rinker and 
Robert B. Taylor. The county seat was located at the present site of 
Mt. Vernon, at which place the organization of Lawrence was celebrated 
by a "bran dance," on the 4th of July, 1845. ^^ preparing for this 
celebration and sale of lots, invitations were sent to neighboring counties, 
and promptly responded to by hundreds, who came to celebrate the 



304 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

national anniversary, and the birth of a new county. An arbor was 
made from the black jacks and other forest trees, on the spot where the 
court-house now stands, beneath which the sale was held, and afterward 
a grand barbacue served up, speeches made and a spirited time enjoyed 
by all. After the business and the barbacue had received proper attention, 
the arbor was cleared away, and bran strewn over the ground to prepare 
it for dancing; old, middle-aged and young joined in the dance, and 
everything passed off harmoniously. James M. Kellogg, the first mer- 
chant in Mt. Vernon, took part in this celebration, and is still in business 
there. The first court held after the location of the county seat, was at 
the house of George White, Esq., presided over by Hon. Charles S. 
Yancy, Thomas Hash, clerk, Washington Smith, sheriff; Jno. Williams, 
one of the oldest settlers, was foreman of the first grand jury. Lawrence 
shared the fate of Southern Missouri during the Civil War; it was the 
scene of frequent skirmishes between small squads of Union and Con- 
federate soldiers and "bushwhackers." One little village and quite a 
number of dwelling houses were burned. Men were sometimes shot 
down in the presence of their families, and their houses reduced to ashes. 
Mt. Vernon was a rendezvous for the Unionists of McDonald, Newton 
and Jasper Counties; 5 families were known to live for months in a house 
of 2 rooms. The building of the Atlantic & Pacific R. R. opened con- 
nection east and south, and the emigrant is fast learning that no richer 
or more attractive agricultural lands are to be found, than those of Law- 
rence County. 

Physical Features. — The county lies on the table lands of the 
Ozark Mountains, at an elevation of 1,300 feet above the level of the 
sea. The streams of the north-east, East Turnback and West Turnback, 
Fork of Sac River, Pickerel and Sinking Creeks find their way to the 
Missouri ; those of the central and south-western portions — Spring River, 
which rises in the southern part of the county, i mile south of Verona, 
and flows in a north-westerly direction, and its tributaries, Honey, White 
Oak Fork of Spring River, as well as Center Creek, flow into the 
Arkansas. There are many springs, some of great size and beauty; 
chief among them are Paris Springs, 12 miles north-east of Mt. Vernon, 
the Edmonton, 8 miles south-west, the Verona, 13 miles south, the Polk, 
10 miles south-east, Williams, 8 miles east, and a short distance north- 
east the Lumley Spring. Some of these springs and many of the streams 
furnish excellent water power. It is remarkable that there is not abridge 
in the county, nor is one needed, the streams being shallow and the fords 
solid. The north-eastern part of the county is generally hilly and tim- 
bered, and the remainder gently undulating, with about an equal division 
of timber and prairie. The county is also about equally divided between 
bottoms and uplands. In ordinary seasons, the land is all productive, 
except on a few stony hills in the north-east, and the bottoms never fail. 



LAWRENCE COUNTY. 305 

The timber is walnut, hickory, oak, ehn and sycamore. There are sev- 
eral extensive caves in the northern part of the county. One within half 
a mile of Chalybeate Springs has been explored for a short distance, and 
is found very beautiful and grand. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, rye, barley, 
flax, potatoes, sorghum, tobacco, apples, peaches and vegetables gen- 
erally. Wheat-growing commands most attention. There are about 
85,000 acres of land improved. The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. Co. own 
about 80,000 acres of good land in the county, which they sell at from 
$5 to $12 per acre.* 

Mineral Resources. — A great deal of prospecting for mineral is 
going on in the county, with fair prospects for paying quantities of lead. 
Near Hunt's store are indications of extensive digging or mining opera- 
tions in times long past. Miners are now at work there, and anticipate 
finding silver-bearing quartz. 

The Manufacturing Interests are machine shops, flouring-mills, 
saw-mills and wagon factories, and i distillery. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county, per census of 1870, $3,ooo,ooo,f 

Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. has 22^ miles of track, 
passing through from east to west on the south side of the county, except 
a few miles where it runs into Barry. The Memphis, Carthage & North- 
western R. R. has 3 miles of track in the south-western part of the county. 

The Exports are wheat, corn, cattle, horses, mules, hogs, tobacco 
and hides. 

Educational Interests. — There are 75 sub-districts and 60 school- 
houses in the county. Public schools are established in every sub-dis- 
trict. The school-house at Peirce City cost $13,000, and is a credit to 
the town. At Marionville the Methodists have established a college, 
which has been in successful operation for 2 years. The building is not 
yet completed. 

Aurora, on A. & P. R. R., 5 miles n. e. of Verona, was laid out in 
1870, has 2 stores, several shops, i school-house and i church — Chris- 
tian. Population about 100. 

Bower's Mills, (Lyon,) 12 miles w. n. w. of Mt, Vernon, laid off 
in 1869, has i dry goods store, i drug store and good water power. 

Chalybeate Springs, (Paris Springs,) 1 2 miles n. e. of Mt. Vernon, 
has a large and commodious hotel, and the waters are noted for their 
healing qualities. 

Chesapeake, a post-office 8 miles e. of Mt. Vernon. 

*The Railroad Company requires 'lo per cent. , of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid, with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St, Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix. 

fAssessed valuation in 1873, $2,567,340. Bonded debt, $10,000. Floating debt, $2,000. Taxation, 
•fi.iS per ^xoo. Peirce City has a bonded debt of ^50,000, subscription to M. C. & N. W. R. R, 



3o6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Dunkle's Store, (Lawrenceburg,) a post-office i6 miles n. e. of Mt. 
Vernon. 

Gray's Point, a post-office 12 miles n. w. of Mt. Vernon. 

Havens, a post-office 14 miles n. n. e. of Mt. Vernon. 

Heaton, a post-office 6 miles n. of Mt. Vernon. 

Johnson's Mills, on the Turnback, has 3 grist-mills and a carding 
machine within a short distance of each other. 

Lawrenceburg. — See Dunkle's Store. 

Logan, on the eastern line of the county, and on the A. & P. R. R., 
12 miles n. e. of Verona, laid out by the A. & P. R. R., has 2 dry goods 
and I drug store, and several shops. 

Lyons. — See Bower's Mills. 

Marionville, 2 miles w. of Logan, laid out in 1854 by James M. 
Moore, is an important business point, and has 8 or 10 business houses 
and a newspaper — The Advocate. Population about 300. 

MT. VERNON, the county seat, 11 miles n. of Verona, within a 
half mile of the center of the county, and situated on an elevation, so 
that it is seen from a distance of 10 or 12 miles from the road, was laid 
ofiT in 1845. -^^ immense spring of water gushes out in the north-west part 
of the town, forming a stream of considerable size, and giving the town 
excellent pure water. It has a fine large school-house, 3 churches — 
Baptist, Cumberland Presbyterian and Methodist. The Christian Church 
has an organization, but no house. The court-house is a large three- 
story brick building, standing in the center of the square. The town 
contains 1 1 stores, an excellent steam flouring-mill, 3 blacksmith shops, 
and 2 saddlers ; also i newspaper — the Fountain and Journal, the Mt. 
Vernon Publishing Company, proprietors. Population about 500. 

Paris Springs. — See Chalybeate Springs. 

Phelps, a post-office 7 miles n. w. of Mt. Vernon. 

Peirce City, at the junction of the A. & P. R. R. with the M. C. & 
N. R. R., 261 miles s. w. from St. Louis, laid off in 1871, is a town of 
considerable importance. It has 3 churches — Baptist, Cumberland Pres- 
byterian and Catholic, i school-house (costing ;^ 10,000), 21 stores, i 
steam flouring-mill, i wagon manufactory, 3 hotels and i newspaper — 
The Democrat. Population about 1,500. 

Round Grove, 12 miles n. n. w. of Mt. Vernon, laid off in 1872, 
has I store and a Baptist church. 

Spencer, a post-office 6 miles n. e. of Mt. Vernon. 

Verona, on the A. & P. R. R., 278 miles s. w. of St. Louis, laid out 
in 1868, has i church — Cumberland Presbyterian (costing about %^,oo6), 
I good school-house, 6 stores, 2 blacksmith shops, and is the usual rail- 
road station for Mt. Vernon. Population about 500. 



LEWIS COUNTY, 

In the north-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Clark County, 
east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from Illinois, south by 
Marion and Shelby, and west by Knox County, and contains 320,560 
acres. 

Population in 1840, 6,040; in 1850, 6,578; in i860, 12,286; in 
1870, 15,114, of whom 13,933 were white and 1,181 colored ; 7,849 male 
and 7,265 female; 14,146 native (8,020 born in Missouri,) and 968 
foreign. 

History.— It is probable that the first white settler of this county was 
a Frenchman, named Lesseur, who built a hut on the banks of the Missis- 
sippi, at the present site ot La Grange, which he occupied during the 
summer and fall months, while he trafficked with the Indians ; but the first 
permanent settlement was made by John Bzgarth, who came from Ken- 
tucky in the spring of 1 819, and planted 20 acres of corn. In November of 
the same year, he brought his family of 18 persons, including his slaves. 
Mr. R. Bozarth, (a son of John Bozarth,) now living in the county, gives the 
subjoined description : *' We came to this county— then a part of Marion 
— in the fall of 18 19, and put up a log cabin, which having no chimney, 
only a hearth in the middle of the room, required an open roof for the 
egress on the smoke. When the day's work was over, we laid down to 
sleep around the family hearth-stone— the entire family of 18 occupying 
the only room. Our food was boiled corn and honey, the latter procured 
from ' bee trees,' which we made a business of hunting, and when found 
we carried off the spoils in a sassafras log, which we had dug out like a 
canoe ; hitching our horse to this awkward contrivance, we drew our honey 
home. Our bread was made from meal obtained by pounding corn 
in a mortar, and our clothes were of buckskin which we tanned our- 
selves. On Sunday we donned our best suits and went to call on our 
nearest neighbors, who lived 20 miles away, a comfortable distance for 
visiting in those days. I remember that we all had chills, but nobody 
died, until a doctor came to the country." 

The early settlers of this county, as well as those adjacent, took an 
active part in the Black Hawk War, and there are several persons still 
living who can give many interesting incidents of those trying times. R. 
Bozarth, Jeremiah Taylor, G. Blackwell and the Durkee family yet living 
in this county, remember when the red men made annual visits to the 
Wyaconda Bottoms, where they encamped in t-h-e "sugar season," utilizing 
the sap of the maple trees, even now so plentiful there. The county was 



3o8 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

organized in 1832, and was named for Meriwether Lewis, of the famou?. 
Clarke and Lewis expedition, these two adventurous explorers being the 
first white men to cross the western part of the continent. The first sheriff 
appointed was C. B. Tate; he was not of the required age, but as no one 
** told on him," he kept the office. Gov. Dunklin was a Democrat and 
Mr. Tate, a Whig ; such things occasionally happen among politicians. 
During the Civil War, although no battle was fought in Lewis County, 
several atrocious deeds were committed by marauding parties, which, 
thrilled the community with horror, and left lasting sorrow in many homes. 
The murder of Mallory and Flannigan by the militia of this county, was 
deplored and denounced by the reasonable and good men of both parties. 

Physical Features. — This county has a river front of 25 miles, 
along which is a rich alluvial bottom, varying in width from a few feet to- 
several miles. Nearly all the river bluffs, composed of disintegrated 
limestone, and facing east and south, are peculiarly adapted to the 
culture of the grape, and many fine and profitable vineyards are now to 
be seen upon them. The surface is undulating and diversified, about 
half of the county being well timbered with forests or groves, distributed 
along the water courses and separated by beautiful upland prairies. The 
principal streams are the Wyaconda and its largest branch, Sugar Creek, 
which, with their tributaries, drain the north-eastern part, while North Fabius- 
and Middle Fabius traverse the center of the county ; Grassy, Trouble- 
some and South Fabius Creeks in the south-west, and Durgen's Creek in 
the south-east, all flow from the north-west toward the south-east, 
debouching into the Mississippi River. The bottom lands along these 
streams are very rich, and yield immense returns to the husbandman. 
After leaving the immediate vicinity of the streams, the country breaks 
into a beautiful rolling prairie, excellent for pasturage. The timber of 
the bottom lands is chiefly maple, ash, hickory, elm and sassafras, while 
on the uplands grow oak, hickory, ash, walnut and cherry. Fruits 
adapted to the climate grow well, both on the uplands and the river 
bluffs. Nearly all the timber land produces fine tobacco. The bottoms 
and prairies are well adapted to all the vegetables and cereals common to 
this climate. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, buckwheat^ 
rye, hemp and the grasses. Apples, peaches, grapes, apricots, plums, cher- 
ries, and the smaller fruits, bear abundantly, especially the three first 
mentioned. Much attention is given to the culture of the vine, and in 
1873 loOjOoo pounds of grapes were raised in Union Township, most of 
which were shipped. About 10,000 gallons of wine were manufactured 
in the county the same year. 

Mineral Resources. — There are In ications of coal in the central part 
of the county, and the coal measures probably underlie the latest lime- 
stone formations. An abundance of limestone, of excellent quality, exists. 



LEVI/ IS COUNTY. 309 

which is largely used in building, and stands well the frosts of winter. 
Much of the stone used in the piers of the Quincy bridge was taken from 
the quarries of La Grange. 

The Manufacturing Interests are principally centered at La 
Grange and Canton, under which heads they are noticed. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $13,206,000.* 

Railroads. — The Mississippi Valley & Western R. R. has 23 miles, 
and the Quincy, Missouri & Pacific R. R., 27 miles of track in the 
county. 

The Exports are corn, wheat, hay, fruits, wine and live stock. 

The Educational Interests are as thriving as are those of any 
county of the same population in the State. In addition to a thorough 
public school system, with ample school-houses and efficient teachers, 
there are 3 colleges in the county : the Christian University, at Canton ; 
La Grange College, at the city of that name, and Monticello Seminary, 
at the county seat. All of these institutions have a full corps of profes- 
sors, and annually graduate large classes of well-trained scholars. 

Benjamin, a post-office 7 miles n. e. of Monticello. 

Bunker Hill, a post-office 8 miles n. n. w. of Monticello. 

Canton, 13 miles e. of Monticello, on the west bank of the Missis- 
sippi River, 175 miles above St. Louis, and on the M. V. & W. R. R, 
18 miles north of Quincy, was settled in 1827 by Messrs. Sinclair, 
Hawkins, Pritchard, Bozarth and Myers. It contains i newspaper — the 
Canton Press, J. W. Barrett & Son, editors ; 7 mills — 2 of these being 
planing-mills and i a merchant flouring-mill ; 4 lumber yards, i pork- 
packing house, 2 cigar and tobacco factories, i tobacco warehouse, 3 
wagon makers, i cabinet maker, 2 furniture and 2 saddle and harness 
shops, I carriage manufactory, 2 banks, 15 stores, i commission house, 
2 hotels, and other establishments usual to towns of its size. Besides 
the public schools, the Christian church has a college at Canton, the 
building valued at $50,000. There are 7 churches — i Baptist, i Chris- 
tian, 2 Methodist, i Catholic, i Lutheran, i Congregational. Popu- 
lation, about 2,400. 

Deer Ridge, a post-office 13 miles n. w. of Monticello. 

Durgen's Creek, on M. V. & W. R. R., 3 miles n. of La Grange. 

Durham, on the Q. M. & P. R. R., 15 miles from Quincy, and 13 
miles s. s. e. of Monticello, has i general store. 

Gilead, situated on the west bank of North Fabius, 12 miles w. s. w. of 
La Grange, has i general store. 

Hardin, on M. V. & W. R. R., 5 miles n. of Canton. 

La Belle, 14 miles w. of Monticello, and 32 miles from Quincy, 
on the Q. M. & P. R. R., is a thriving little town, containing 5 stores. 

* Assessed valuation in 1873, $4,225,879. Taxation, $i.oo per $ioo. Bonded debt, $60,000. 



3IO CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

La Grange, lo miles from Quincy, on the M. V. & W. R. R., and 

r4 miles s. e. of the county seat, is located on the west bank of the 
Mississippi River, about 6 miles from the southern boundary line of the 
county. The town is both beautifully and healthfully located on the bluffs, 
which rise at this point from 60 to 80 feet above the river. The first 
settlement in the county was made here. The Lewis Co. Agricultural 
Society own 30 acres of handsomely improved ground near La Grange. 
The Association offers liberal premiums, and the fairs are largely attended 
from adjoining counties. This town has many natural advantages as a 
manufacturing place, its means of transportation by river and railroad 
opening a market for all its productions. A rolling-mill, for the man- 
ufacture of railroad iron, is in course of construction, which, when com- 
pleted, will have a capacity of 25,000 tons per annum, and will give 
employment to between 400 and 500 hands. The buildings are brick 
covered with slate, and with machinery, will cost over $300,000. There 
are 2 tobacco factories, which employ 550 hands; 5 cooper and 2 plow 
and wagon shops, 2 pork-packing houses, i planing-mill, i merchant 
flouring-mill, 2 banks, 2 hotels, 16 stores, 12 churches — i Baptist, 2 
Methodist, 2 Presbyterian, Lutheran, Christian, German Methodist, Con- 
gregational, Catholic, colored Baptist and Methodist, aggregate 
value, $30,000. The Baptists have a college at this place, which, with 
the public schools, affords good educational facilities. Population, 
about 2,000. 

Lewiston, on the Q. M. & P. R. R., 26 miles from Quincy and 6 
miles s. w. of Monticello, is a growing place. Population, about 100. 

Maywood, on the Q. M. & P. R. R., 11 miles w. of Quincy, 
contains i store. 

MONTICELLO, the county seat, located on the north bank of 
North Fabius River, 13 miles w. of Canton and 6 miles n. e. of Lewiston, 
its nearest railroad station, has i bank, 4 churches — Episcopal, Baptist, 
Methodist and Christian; 8 stores, i saddle and i harness shop, and 
3 hotels. 

Steffersville, a post-office 18 miles s. w. of Monticello. 

Tolona, a station on the Q. M. & P. R. R., 22 miles n. w. of Quincy. 

Williamsto^vn, 12 mile n. n. w. of Monticello, has i hotel, 5 stores, 
and I wagon shop. 



LINCOLN COUNTY, 

In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Pike County, east 
by the Mississippi River, which separates it from Illinois, south by St. 
Charles and Warren, and west by Warren, Montgomery and Pike 
Counties, and contains 396,148 acres. 

Population in 1820, 1,662; in 1830, 4,059; in 1840, 7,449; in 
1850, 9,421; in 1860,14,210; in 1870, 15,960, of whom 13,973 were 
white, and 1,987 colored; 8,281 male, and 7,679 female; 15,002 native, 
(11,290 born in Missouri) and 958 foreign. 

History. — Major Christopher Clark was, probably, the first white man 
to settle permanently in what is now Lincoln County. Long before that 
time the French and Spanish Governments had made grants of land in 
this county, as the records of the circuit court show that in 1797, Louis 
Brazeau executed in St. Louis a deed of trust to Antoine Soulard, on a 
part of his grant, in the vicinity of Cap au Oris. No actual settle- 
ments, however, were made upon these grants at so early a date. Major 
Clark visited the spot upon which Troy now stands, in the summer of 
1799, and returned the following year to build a cabin and subsequently 
a stockade fort near the present residence of Frederick Wing, Esq., three 
miles south-east of Troy on the St. Charles road. Major Clark's first 
neighbors were the families of Joseph Cottle and Zadock Woods from 
Vermont, who settled the town of Troy in 1802. Here, also, a log fort was 
erected, and for many years these two forts (Clark's and Wood's) were 
the centers of white settlements, and places of note. In 1800, Jeremiah 
Groshong settled 6 miles east of Clark's Fort, and the same year his son 
Jacob was born. He was the first white person born in Lincoln County 
and resides still at the same place. 

During the war of 181 2, the Indians were active in hostilities. Every 
settlement had its stockade fort for the protection of the families of the 
settlers, while the men were organized and armed for the common defense. 
Many skirmishes took place, the most notable one near Cap au Gris in 
1814, when parts of two companies of regulars were surrounded and 
massacred. 

In 181 7, George W. Jameson and Edward Cottle left Clark's Fort, 
crossed West Cuivre and settled upon land now owned by Thomas 
Dwyer, Esq., zyi miles east of Millwood. They were the first settlers in 
that section, and there Jameson lived until his death, 43 years later. 

Lincoln County was organized from a part of St. Charles, December 
14th, 1818. Major Clark, a member of the Legislature in 1818, was a 



312 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

genuine frontiersman, noted rather for strong common sense and energy 
than for education and polished manners. He was an earnest advocate of 
the bill to establish Lincoln County, and his speech in its favor, con- 
sidered a "clincher," is handed down entire: "Mr. Speaker, I'm in 
favor of the new county. I was born in Lincoln County, North Carofina; 
I lived, a year or so, in Lincoln County, Kentucky, and I want to live 
and die in Lincoln County, Missouri." 

January ist, 1819, David Todd was appointed judge of the north-western 
circuit, comprising the counties of Howard, Cooper, Montgomery, Pike, 
and Lincoln. 

The first term of this court for Lincoln was held April 5th, 1819, at the 
house of Zadock Woods, Wood's Fort, or Troy, as it was afterward called. 
There were present Judge Todd, John Ruland, clerk, and David Bailey, 
sheriff. Ira Cottle and James White were approved as securities for the 
latter. Joseph Cottle, John Null, Prospect K. Robbins, Sam. H. Lewis, 
Thackers Vivions, Job Williams, Alembe Williams, Jr., Jeremiah Groshong, 
John Bell, Jacob Null, Sr., John Hunter, Elijah Collard, Wm. Farrell, 
Jacob Null, Jr., Isaac Cameron, Hiram Millsapps, Alembe Williams, Sr., 
and Zachariah Callaway were appointed a grand jury. 

At the third term of the court held December 6th, 1819, David Draper, 
Hugh Cummins, Jas. White, Abraham Kennedy and David Bailey were 
appointed commissioners to select a county seat, and chose Monroe. The 
county revenue for 18 19 was ^175.66. The first county court met Jan- 
uary 182 1, and consisted of Ira Cottle and Jonathan Riggs, and after- 
ward John Geiger. In 1823 the county seat was moved to Alexandria, 
and in February, 1829, to Troy. 

Eleazar Block, a native of Bohemia, was the first foreigner naturalized, 
February 6th, 1827. Immigration was gradual until 1838, in which, and 
the following year, it was very largely increased, principally from Virginia, 
Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Maryland, Indiana, Ohio and 
Vermont. Quite a number of Germans and a few Irish have also settled 

here. 

In 1843-4 the county was much disturbed by the "Slicker War." 

(For origin and particulars of which see Benton County, p. 59.) 

Cuivre River, forming part of the boundary line between St. Charles 
and Lincoln Counties, was first navigated by steamboats in the early 
summer of 1844, when the Bee, a small stern-wheel boat of 75 tons bur- 
then, went up as far as the mouth of Big Creek. Soon after, during the 
high water in June, the Pearl, of 125 tons, passed over the dam half a mile 
beyond Moscow Mills, and returned. During that summer the back 
water from the Mississippi extended over the mill-dam at Moscow. Since 
that time small steamboats have, for several months nearly every summer, 
plied up the Cuivre to Lynchburgh, at the mouth of Big Creek. 

During the late Civil War Lincoln furnished many men to both armies. 



LINCOLN COUNTY. 313 

and, in common with other counties, experienced a check to its prosper- 
ity and a marked decrease in its population ; but since peace was declared 
its growth has been quite rapid. 

Physical Features. — The face of the country is gently rolling, about 
one-quarter prairie and three-quarters timber. The soil is of great depth, 
and wonderfully fertile, especially in the bottoms. 

The Mississippi River forms the eastern boundary of the county. The 
North Cuivre enters at the north-west corner, and the West Cuivre below 
the center of the west line, and, uniting near the center of the county, 
flow south-east into the Mississippi. Bob's Bryant, Hurricane, 
Sugar, Sulphur, Lead, Turkey and Big Creeks, besides numerous smaller 
tributaries, afford abundant water for all purposes. 

The county is well timbered, principally by the different varieties of 
oak, black and white walnut, red and white elm, hickory, ash, maple, 
sycamore, pecan, mulberry and locust. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, rye, barley, 
tobacco, clover, timothy, potatoes, apples, peaches, grapes, etc. A fine 
quality of tobacco is raised, and the bluffs of the Mississippi yield unfail- 
ing crops of apples and grapes. Lincoln is essentially an agricultural 
county. 

Mineral Resources. — There are large deposits of a good quality of 
coal, the beds being sometimes 20 feet thick. Iron has been found, but 
not developed. Pure white sandstone is abundant in the northern, and 
superior glass-sand is found in the central part of the county; blue 
and white limestone exist in large quantities. 

The Manufacturing Interests are mentioned under the heads of 
the several towns where located. 

W^ealth. — ^Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $10,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The St. Louis, Hannibal & Keokuk R. R. will pass 
through the county from north to south, having 30 miles of track already 
graded. When completed, the company will build a branch 7 miles long 
to the coal mines, and another 3 miles to the deposits of glass-sand on 
Mill Creek. The Mississippi Valley & Western R. R. has 25 miles of 
track graded in the eastern part of the county. Another railroad is pro- 
jected from Cap au Gris to the western limits, to connect with the 
St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W. 

The Exports are hogs, cattle, mules, wheat, tobacco, hay, wool, 
hides, leather and wooden boxes. 

The Educational Interests. — Public schools are established in 82 
sub-districts, and many neat and commodious school-houses have been 
built since 1867. The township school fund is about ;?27,55o. Troy 
has 2 brick academy buildings. 

* Assessed valuation in 1S73, $4,119,660. Taxation, $2.05 per $100. Bonded debt $370,000. 



314 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Auburn, ii miles n. of Troy, has 2 stores, 2 churches — Presbyterian 
and colored Methodist, and an academy. Population about 100. 

Burr Oak Valley, (Robinson's Mill,) 18 miles e. n. e. of Troy, has 
2 stores, I grist and saw-mill, and i church — Christian. Pop. about 50. 

Cap au Gris, on the Mississippi, 18 miles east of Troy, has 2 stores 
and I school. Population, about 60. 

Chain of Rocks, on Cuivre River, 12 miles s. e. of Troy, has 4 
stores, I planing-mill, i steam saw and grist-mill, i lumber yard, i 
tobacco box factory, and i wagon shop. Population, about 50. There 
is a ferry across the river at this point. 

Chantilly, a post-office 9 miles e. of Troy, has i store. 

Corso, a post-office 4 miles w. of Millwood. 

Cuivre, a post-office 12 miles n. w. of Troy, has i store. 

Dryden, 8 miles n. e. of Troy, has i store and i church — Baptist. 
Population, about 50. 

Falmouth, on the Mississippi River, 22 miles n. e. of Troy, has * 
stores. Population, about 40. 

Hawk Point, a post-office 8 miles w. of Troy, has i store. 

Linn's Mills, 6 miles s. w. of Troy, has i store, and a grist and saw- 
mill. Population, about 20. 

Lost Branch, (Nineveh,) 18 miles w. n. w. of Troy, has 2 stores 
and I grist and saw-mill. Population, about 50. 

Louisville, 21 miles n, w. of Troy, has 3 stores, i church — Christian, 
cost, $4,000, and i school. Population, about 100. 

Millwood, 12 miles n. w. of Troy, has 4 stores, i church — Catholic, 
cost, $6,000; I school, and a carding machine. Population, about 90. 

Monroe. — See Old Monroe. 

New Hope, 14 miles n. e. of Troy, has 5 stores, i saw and grist- 
mill, I school and 3 churches — Baptist, Christian and Methodist. Pop- 
ulation about 200. 

New Salem, 6 miles n. w. of Cap au Gris, has i store and i church. 
Population about 25. 

Nineveh. — See Lost Branch. 

Old Alexandria, a post-office 5 miles n. of Troy. 

Old Monroe, (Monroe,) on Cuivre River, 12 miles e. s. e. of 
Troy, was laid out May 19th, 1819, on lands of Ira and Joseph Cottle 
and Nathanael Symonds. From 1819 to i823it was the county seat. It 
has 2 churches — Catholic and Lutheran, i store, i hotel, i warehouse 
and a ferry. Population about 40. 

Robinson's Mill. — See Burr Oak Valley. 

TROY, the county seat, 4 miles s. of thecenter of the county, 14 miles 
n. w. of Wentzville, St. Charles County, (which is on the St. L., K. C. & 
N. R. W.,) and i^ miles w. of Cuivre River, was settled in 1802, sur- 
veyed September i6th, 1819, on the lands of Joseph Cottle, Zadock 



LINCOLN COUNTY. 315 

Woods, Lee F. T. Cottle and I. N. Robbins (previous to which it was 
known as Wood's Fort), incorporated November 7th, 1826, and made 
the county seat in 1829. The business portion and many dwellings are 
located in a pleasant valley, while most of the latter occupy the adjacent 
sunny slopes. The main street is handsomely built up with substantial 
brick business houses, and the town presents an attractive appearance. 
Troy possesses many advantages as a business center, being surrounded 
by a fine agricultural country ; convenient to coal and iron ; having at 
its limits an abundant supply of timber, and large quarries of limestone 
capable of a fine finish, besides having water power sufficient for manu- 
facturing purposes. The machine shops of the St. L., H. & K. R. R. 
are to be located here. The court-house is a fine new building in mod- 
ern style, and is provided with fire-proof vaults. The town has 5 
churches — Presbyterian, Christian, Baptist, M. E. Ch. and colored M. E. 
Ch. — aggregate value $30,000, 2 public schools, i seminary, i steam saw 
and grist-mill, i tannery, i wool-carding machine, i wagon factory, 2 
hotels, 3 saddle and harness shops, 15 stores, i lumber yard, i Masonic 
and I Odd Fellows hall, and i newspaper — The Herald, published 
weekly, by Fisher & Mudd. Population about 1,200. 

Truxton, 16 miles w. of Troy, and 8 miles from Jonesburg, was laid . 
out July 29th, 1852. It has 2 churches — M. E. Ch. and Lutheran, i 
seminary, i steam saw and grist-mill, i wool-carding machine, 3 stores 
and I wagon shop. Population about 150. 



LINN COUNTY, 

In the northern part of the State, is bounded north by Sullivan, east 
by Macon, south by Chariton and west by Livingston and Grundy 
Counties, and contains 388,993 acres. 

Population in 1840, 2,245; ^^ 1850, 4^058 ; in i860, 9,112; in 
1870, 15,900, of whom 15,158 were white and 742 colored; 8,219 male, 
and 7,681 female; 14,499 native (6,831 born in Missouri) and 1,401 
foreign. 

History. — The present county of Linn was known as the Paradise 
of Hunters, and the Sioux Indians, from Iowa, attracted by the abun- 
<iance of deer, elk and game of all kinds, were in full possession of it, 
when, in 1832, the Yount Bros., Joseph Newton, James Pendleton, 
Preston O'Neal and William Boyer, settled on Locust Creek, west of the 
present site of Linneus. The county was organized from Chariton, 
January 7th, 1837, and for several years the territory now included in 
Sullivan and Putman Counties was attached to it. At the first election, 
100 votes were cast. The early settlers were principally from the old 
river counties of Chariton, Howard, Boone, Callaway and St. Charles, 
and from the States of Kentucky and Tennessee, and were generally men 
of property and most of them slave-holders. It is a noticeable fact that 
they occupied the timbered lands along the streams, believing the prairies 
worthless for cultivation. The only exports for many years were honey 
and beeswax (the timber containing an unlimited supply of these), and 
peltries. These were carried to Glasgow, the nearest supply point, and 
afterwards to Brunswick. The population increased but slowly until the 
building of the H. & St. J. R. R., in 1857, caused a large immigration, and 
between 1850 and i860, the population more than doubled. The Civil 
War arrested the growth of the county both in wealth and population, as 
the State Census of 1865 showed a decrease in the latter of nearly 1,000, 
since the U. S. Census of i860. During this time the county was much 
disturbed by bushwhackers, who made frequent raids, confiscating 
property and occasionally killing an obnoxious Union man. Sometimes 
they rode into a town, ''corralled" the men, helped themselves to what- 
ever they liked, and escaped with their booty without a shot being fired. 
This was the result of the disarming of the people by the State Militia 
authorities. At times they were resisted, and bloodshed was the result. 
In the latter part of 1864, a gang rode into Linneus in the night, and 
were resisted by a few of the citizens, not acting in concert, however, 
and in the melee that ensued. Judge Jacob Smith, a man of whom Linn 



\ / 



3i8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

County is justly proud, and Wm. Pendleton were killed, while Judge 
Smith killed one of the raiders. 

Earlier in the same year, a gang from some of the lower counties rode 
into Laclede, and attacked the citizens in broad daylight, and one 

guerrilla and two citizens Crowder and J. H. Jones — were killed. 

This last affair was the only one that occurred on the line of the H. & St. 
J. R, R. in the county, the railroad towns enjoying immunity from such, 
attacks. 

Physical Features. — The surface of Linn County, as approached 
from the east, consists: of alternate prairie and timber, stretching away 
to the north and south. East Yellow, Yellow, Long Branch, Turkey, 
Muddy, Locust and Parsons Creeks flow from north to south througk 
the county, having a fall of about 6 feet to the mile, and by the erection 
of dams furnishes excellent water power. These streams are all 
bordered by timber, that on Locust Creek being most abundant and of 
the best quality, and consisting of the various kinds of oak, linn, bass- 
wood, Cottonwood, walnut, hickory and elm. 

The bottoms along these streams are very fertile, and becoming more 
valuable every year as they become less swampy. Within the memory 
of many settlers, small branches, now tributary to the larger creeks, used 
to spread over the bottoms, forming great swamps which have since- 
become arable. This is the result of the tramping out and the eating off 
of the swamp grass by the numerous flocks and herds. The roots of this, 
grass bound the soil so firmly together, that the branches could not cut 
themselves channels to the main creeks. The most extensive of these 
bottom prairies are on Locust Creek, one on the east side, just south of 
Browning on the B. & S. W. R, R., which runs through it for 4;^ miles, 
and the other on the west side, south of the H. & St. J. R. R. About ^ 
of the county is prairie and the rest timber. Probably ^ is under culti- 
vation. The H. & St. J. R. R, has several thousand acres of good 
prairie land for sale, principally in the north-central part of the county.* 

In the south-western part there is a large mound, covering about 7 
acres, and rising on the prairie to a height of 40 feet, which contains, 
an inexhaustible supply of fine sandstone for building, and near 
Bowyer's Bridge on Locust Creek is a collection of basaltic rocks, 
which, on the grassy slope from a distance, appear like a dilapidated 
graveyard, with its weather-stained and moss-grown tombstones. A 
large boulder on the prairie in Jackson Township has the appearance of 
an elephant in repose, and there is a large raft of driftwood on Locust 
Creek, containing thousands of cords, and affording a secure retreat for 
otters. Some ponds on the prairie on the dividing ridge between Locust 
and Long Branch Creeks, have been formed by depositing earth in the 

*For full particulars, terms, prices, etc., see Appendix— page 



LINN COUNTY, 319 

valley so as to obstruct the flow of the waters. This is thought by some 
to have been the work of the Indians, and by others to be the result of 
the annual deposit of rank vegetation. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, rye, the 
grasses, tobacco, apples, hogs, cattle, mules, horses and sheep. 

Mineral Resources. — Coal, mineral paints and various kinds of 
clays and building stone are found. A coal mine at St. Catharine, 
which has been worked for several years, is reached by a shaft 135 feet 
deep, and owing to the thinness of the coal the miners work in a reclining 
position. Another shaft is being sunk in the south-eastern part of the 
county with the expectation of striking the same coal beds that have 
added so much to the wealth of Macon County. A number of "coal 
banks" in the vicinity of Locust Creek are worked by simply "stripping" 
off the surface or "drifting" into the side of a hill. Great quantities of 
mineral paints are found near Linneus, and sandstone of fine quality for 
building purposes is taken from the natural mound before mentioned. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of tobacco, woolen and 
flouring-mills, plow, wagon and stoneware manufactories, etc., which will 
be noticed under the towns where they are located. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, 1^6,500,000.* 

Railroads. — The Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. crosses the county 
from east to west, having 21 miles of track. The Burlington & South- 
western R. R. from Laclede to the northern line of the county, has 223^ 
miles. There are also 3 miles of the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern 
R. W. crossing the south-western corner. The county has no railroad 
debt, but^bonds to the amount of ;^i 13,000 in aid of railroads have been 
issued as follows: Brookfield Township, ^13,000; Jefferson Township, 
$30,000; Locust Township, $4o,aqo ; Benton Township, $20,000; the 
city of Linneus, $10,000. 

The Exports are stock, tobacco, flour, woolen goods, stoneware, 
lumber, hoop-poles and apples. 

Educational Interests. — Public schools are established in every 
part of the county, and the larger towns have fine, commodious build- 
ings, also schools for colored children. At Brookfield the Sisters of the 
Sacred Heart have a school for girls. 

Bear Branch, a p. o. 10 miles n. e. of Linneus. 

Brookfield, the chief business point in the county, on the H. & S. J. 
R. R., 104 miles from Hannibal and 34 miles from Macon City, is grow- 
ing rapidly. It has about 50 stores and shops, and a population of about 
3,000. The round house and repair shops of the railroad are located 
here, and it has also i flouring-mill, i steam planing-mill, i boot and shoe 
and I hub and spoke factory, 5 churches — Catholic, Congregational, 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873,^3,483,055. Bonded debt, ^20,815. Floating debt, Jio,ooo. 



320 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Presbyterian, Universalist and Methodist, aggregate cost about $13,000; 
the best public school building in the county, i school of the convent of 
the Sacred Heart, 2 newspapers— 77/^ Gazette, published by W. D. Cran- 
dall, and The New Era, published by Elliott & Norris. The Railroad 
Hotel at this place will compare favorably with any of its class in the State, 
and in addition to this there is another built at a cost of ^40,000, which 
is one of the best in North Missouri. This is one of the most thriving 
towns in the State, having an enterprising and intelligent population 
and possessing a good business location. 

Browning, on the Sullivan County line, 13 miles n. of Linneus, on 
the B. (S: S. W. R. R., is a new town, and promises to be of rapid 
growth and an important business point. It has i flouring-mill, 3 or 4 
stores and shops. Population, about 150. 

Bucklin, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 13 miles e. of Brookfield, is a 
thriving town of 700 or 800 population, 12 or 15 stores and shops, 2 
churches — Baptist and Methodist. 
Enterprise. — See Northcott. 

Fountain Grove, is in the extreme s. w. part of the county, on the 
H. & St. J. R. R., 13 miles s. e. of Chillicothe, and 25 miles from 
Brunswick. 

Grantville, a p. o. 8 miles n. e. of Linneus, has 4 or 5 stores and 
shops, and about 100 inhabitants. 

Laclede, at the junction of the B. & S. W. R. R. with the H. & 
St. J. R. R., 109 miles w. of Hannibal, is an important point. It has 3 
churches — M. E. Ch., Congregational and colored Baptist, a fine graded 
school, with brick building, and a number of business houses, shops, 
etc.. Population, about 800. 

LINNEUS, the county seat, on the B. & S. W. R. R., 6 miles n. of 
Laclede, was settled in 1840, incorporated as a town March 2d, 1856, and 
as a city March 17th, 1863. It is built on high rolling ground, is well 
laid out and beautifully shaded with forest trees, and has 3 churches — 
M. E. Ch. South, Baptist and Christian— the M. E. Ch. Society and 
Presbyterians worship at the court house, and the colored Baptists at the 
school-house for colored children. One of the best graded schools of 
the county is taught here in a commodious, well furnished building. 
There are excellent flouring and woolen-mills here, and i planing-mill 
and furniture shop, and i newspaper, Linneus Bidletin, published by 
Brawner & Tyler. There are about 30 stores, shops and other places 
of business. Population, about 1,200. 

Meadville, on the H. & St. J. R. R. 7 miles w. of Laclede, was 
formerly known as Bottsville. It has i church — M. E. Ch. , i flouring- 
mill, about 20 stores and shops, and a population of about 400. 
New Boston, 15 miles n. of Bucklin, has two stores. 
Northcott, (Enterprise,) 14 miles n. n. e. of Linneus, is surrounded 



LINN COUNTY. 321 

by a fine farming country, especially adapted to fruit-culture. Popula- 
tion, about 200. 

North Salem, 20 miles n. e. of Linneus, has 3 stores and i or 2 
shops. Population about 200. 

Scottsville, 8 miles n. of Linneus, and 2 miles s. w. of Browning, 
has 3 stores and about 100 inhabitants. 

St. Catharine, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 4 miles e. of Brookfield, 
has a fine flouring-mill, also a woolen-mill, and about 10 stores and 
shops. Population, about 300. 



LIVINGSTON COUNTY, 

In the northern part of the State, is bounded north by Grundy, east by 
Linn and Chariton, south by Carroll, and west by Caldwell and Daviess, 
and contains 333,952 acres. 

Population in 1840, 4,325; in 1850, 4,247; in i860, 7,417; in 
1870, 16,730, of whom 15,774 were white, and 956 colored; 8,793 "^^le, 
and 7,937 female; 15,376 native, (6,597 born in Missouri) and 1,354 
foreign. 

History. — In 1828, a French trading post was established at the mouth 
of Locust Creek, in the south-eastern part of the county, but the occu- 
pants were so annoyed by depredations from roving bands of the lowas. 
Sacs, Foxes and Kickapoos that the post was abandoned until 1833, 
when the Indian title to the land was extinguished. This county was 
settled by hardy and resolute emigrants from the older counties of Mis- 
souri, as well as from Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee and other States. 
On the night of the 12th of November, 1833, memorable to the early 
settlers of Missouri as "the time when the stars fell," Elisha Herriford 
pitched his tent on Medicine Creek, 8 miles east of where Chillicothe 
now stands. On the same night the Austins, Elands, Lees and McCros- 
keys camped on Shoal Creek in the south-western part of the county. 
Soon after, Samuel Todd and the Stanleys, with others, settled on Grand 
River, where Utica now stands. The Blacks, Leepers, Legates, Davises, 
Martins, Drydens and others settled on Indian Creek in the north-western 
part of the county. 

Some adventurers who settled on Medicine Creek, opened a trade 
chiefly in whiskey, with the Indians, and the result of this traffic was the 
Heatherly War in 1836 (for particulars of which, see Clay Co. p. 150). 

The county was organized in 1837, and named in honor of Edward 
Livingston, Secretary of State under President Jackson. The commis- 
sioners located the county seat on land owned by John Graves, Esq., 
who was appointed county seat commissioner. He also erected and kept 
the first hotel. The first county court was held 5 miles north of Chilli- 
cothe, at the house of Joseph Cox, who, with Wm. Martin and Reuben 
McCroskey were the justices. Mr. Cox, at whose log cabin the first 
circuit court was also held, boarded the court, jury, litigants, lawyers 
and witnesses, without charge, setting long tables in the shade of trees 
near his cabin, ladened with corn-pone, butter, and venison cooked in 
every style known to the pioneers. Austin A. King was the first circuit 
judge, and Thomas R. Bryan the first county and circuit clerk. John 



324 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Graves, Solomon Bargdoll and Judge Hudgins, all pioneers and veterans". 
of the war of 1812, are still living in the county. 

The first mill (horse power) was built by Brannock Wilkerson, 4 miles 
north of where Chillicothe now stands, and Samuel Todd built the first 
water mill at the present site of Utica. In 1838, the citizens of Daviess 
County were driven from their homes by the Mormons, and took refage 
in this county. Col. Jennings, with a squad of militia, attacked the 
"Saints" at Horn's Mill on Shoal Creek, near the south-western corner 
of the county, killing about 30 of them. Several of the militia were 
wounded. Adam Black, who is now a member of the county court, went 
to Jefferson City with a petition asking for the removal of the Mormons. 
Gov. Boggs called out the militia, under the command of Gen. John B. 
Clark and Gen. Lucas, of Independence; but the removal of the Mor- 
mons prevented further violence. Dr. John Wolfskill, who was one of 
the early State Senators from this district, is still living in the southern 
part of the county. 

Numerous instances might be mentioned of the early establishment of 
civil law — how the irrepressible Sam. Thompson, the first constable, levied 
on a calf, and a certain justice of the peace issued a writ for the arrest of 
a dog charged with stealing meat. About the year 1842, a steamboat 
ascended Grand River, during high water, as far as the forks of the river, 
3 miles west of Chillicothe. Only 2 trips were made. Prior to the build- 
ing of the Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R., the people traded at Brunswick. 
Goods were freighted by ox-teams back and forth. There was no organ- 
ized Confederate army in this part of the country during the late war, but 
the people were frequently alarmed by the guerillas under Joe. Kirk, 
whose men, on one occasion, being hotly pursued by a large force of 
militia, became separated, and one part were cornered in the bend of 
Grand River, about 7 miles from Chillicothe, and compelled to swim the 
river under fire from the enemy, losing one man, several horses, arms, 
etc. Soon after this, while Joe. was negotiating for an exchange of 
prisoners, his men attacked a squad of militia, killing i and wounding 8 
or 10. Mr. Kirk has now settled down to quiet life, and is postmaster at 
Spring Hill. 

Physical Features. — The surface is gently undulating or rolling, 
with but little broken land. The course of the rivers is from the north 
and west toward the south and east. Grand River runs through the 
county and with its affluents waters every portion of it. The principal 
tributaries from the north and west are Indian and Lake Creeks, Thomp- 
son's Fork of Grand River, Honey, No, Crooked, Medicine, Muddy and 
Locust Creeks, the latter forming part of the eastern boundary. On the 
south are Mound and Shoal Creeks. Many fine springs are found in the 
western part of the county. 

The most broken portion is in the western part, on the south side of the 



LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 325 

West Fork of Grand River, extending from a half to three-quarters of a mile 
from the river, at which distance the hills attain an elevation of 225 feet; 
southward it is gently rolling. North of Chillicothe the surface of the 
country is elevated, generally about 155 feet above Grand River ; every- 
where else the surface is gently undulating, and lies well for beautiful 
farms. The bottoms of Grand River and Shoal Creek are flat, often wet, 
and are from two to three miles in width, flanked on one side by low 
bluffs, and on the other rising almost imperceptibly, by gentle slopes, to 
the neighboring uplands. The bottoms of Medicine Creek are from one 
to one and a half miles in width ; those of the other streams are much 
narrower. Those on the west side of Grand River, in the north-west cor- 
ner of the county, have scarcely any bottoms, but very steep bluffs. The 
county is well supplied with good timber, the best and most abundant being 
between the east and west Forks of Grand River, where the growth is 
black, white and red chestnut, pin and laurel oak, maple and sugar-maple, 
sycamore, cottonwood, black walnut, linden, shell-bark hickory, 
pecan, white and red elm, ash, red-bud, mulberry, dogwood and 
cherry. In other parts of the county most of the timber is confined te 
the streams. The prairie generally extends over the ridges and across 
the wide flat bottoms. The soil throughout most of the county is dajk 
and rich, from one to two feet in depth, except in the broken portions 
where it is light brown, often sandy, and only a few inches in depth, but 
well adapted to fruit-culture and grazing. 

The Agricultural Productions are chiefly corn, wheat, oats, po- 
tatoes and tobacco, but the soil is good and produces anything suitable to 
the climate. 

This is almost entirely a stock-growing county and blue grass is well 
suited to the soil. Fruits do well, apples, pears, cherries, plums and 
grapes are certain crops, also the small fruits. 

The Mineral Resources are mainly confined to coal. The work- 
able coal fields may be divided into two parts, the upper lying on and 
near Grand River, west of Utica, and including tw© or three thin seams, 
the lower lying along and near Grand River below Bedford in the south- 
east corner of the county, including about three beds. These seams are 
partly developed, being only mined for local consumption. Building 
stone abounds and fire-clay underlies most of the coal seams. Mineral 
paint of, seemingly, good quality is also f«und. 

The Manufacturing Interests are included in the description of 
the different towns. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $7,000,000.* 

Railroads. — There are 53 miles of railroad, of which the Hannibal 

* Assessed valuation in 1873, 14,662,551. Taxation, Ji. 40 per $ioo. Total debt^ of the county ^180,- 
898.99, of which f 150,000 is railroad debt. 



326 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

& St. Joseph has 27 and the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern 26. 
The Chillicothe & Des Moines R. R. has 15 miles of road-bed graded. 

The Exports are stock, wheat, corn, tobacco, etc. 

Educational Interests. — The public schools are in a flourishing 
condition. During 1873 ^^4>339-34 were appropriated to educate 6,476 
children. 

Asper, a post-office 13 miles s. s. e. of Chillicothe. 

Avalon, 10 miles s. s. e. of Chillicothe, and 6 miles s. w. of Bedford, 
was laid out in 1870, and has a population of about 100. It is 
situated on the high prairie near Mound Creek, surrounded by fine 
farming lands. The academy here, controlled by the United Brethren, 
cost about $10,000. Avalon has i wagon and i harness shop, 3 stores and 
2 hotels. 

Bedford, 10 miles s. e. of Chillicothe, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 
situated on the south bank of Grand River, was laid out in 1843, 
and is in the center of a fine tobacco-growing region, has an abundance 
of timber and coal in its vicinity, and is well supplied with water power. 
It contains i steam flouring-mill, 2 steam saw-mills, i wagon shop, i agricul- 
tural and 2 tobacco warehouses, 6 stores, 2 churches — Baptist and Meth- 
odist, and 2 school -houses, one of which is for colored children. Popu- 
lation about 300. 

Blue Mound, (Mound Creek,) a post-office 10 miles s.s. e. of Utica, 

CHILLICOTHE, the county seat, has a beautiful and healthy loca- 
tion near the center of the county, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 130 miles 
from Quincy, 95 miles from Kansas City, and 76 miles from St. Joseph, 
and is on the St. L., K. C. & N R. W., 215 miles from St. Louis. 
It was located as the county seat in 1837, on land owned by Jno. Graves 
and incorporated in 1855. Population in i860, 994? in 1870, 3,979; 
present estimate, 4,000. The superior railroad facilities make it an 
important shipping point for stock, grain and produce. 

Convenient to this place may be found coal, sand and limestone, also 
timber of a superior quality, and water power in abundance. It has i 
foundry, i woolen, i planing and 2 steam flouring-mills, i cooper, 7 
wagon and 3 carriage shops, i brewery, i wine, i vinegar, i mineral 
water, i candy, i patent medicine, 3 cigar, 3 furniture and 2 washing 
machine manufactories (the patents for the latter procured by resident 
citizens), i broom and 1 tobacco factory, i book bindery, 2 gunsmiths, 2 
marble and 3 lumber yards, about 60 stores, 6 hotels and 5 agricultural 
and 3 tobacco warehouses. The city has fine public buildings, the city 
hall and market-house costing $31,000. It contains 10 churches — M. E. 
Ch., M. E Ch. South, Baptist, Presbyterian, Congregational, Catholic, 
Episcopal, Christian, colored Baptist and colored Methodist — aggregate 
value of buildings, $45,000. There are 5 public school buildings, cost- 
ing $10,000; 2 select school buildings, worth $16,000; 1,300 children 



LIVINGSTON COUNTY. ^2'j 

of school age ; average attendance in public schools, 700. It has 2 
newspapers — The Constitution, published by T. B. Reynolds & Co., and 
The Tribune, by E. J. Marsh & Co. Assessed valuation of real and 
personal property, ^1,572,875.50; bonded indebtedness of the city, 
^53,000 — subscription to C. & B. R. R. ; rate of city tax for all pur- 
poses, 1 1 mills on the dollar. 

Cream Ridge, a post-office 9 miles n. n. e. of Chillicothe. 

Dawn, 6 miles s. of Utica, was laid out in 1853, is surrounded 
by a fine farming region, known as the •' Blue Mound Country," which 
is being rapidly developed by an industrious Welsh colony, and has i 
flouring-mill, i woolen factory, 2 wagon shops, 6 stores, i hotel, i public 
school building, costing $1,400; i Presbyterian church, worth ;g4,ooo. 
Population about 160. 

Farmersville, 14 miles n. of Chillicothe, laid out in 1870, has a high 
and healthy location on the prairie, and is surrounded by excellent farm- 
ing lands. It contains i public school, i hotel, i wagon shop and 3 
stores. Population, about 125. 

Gordonville, a post-office 13 miles n. e. of Chillicothe. 

Mooresville, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 10 miles w. s. w. of Chilli- 
cothe, is situated on a high and rolling prairie, well supplied with good 
springs of water. It was laid out in 1 860, and has i hotel, i church — 
Christian, i steam flouring-mill, i steam saw-mill, i wagon shop, i 
tobacco warehouse and 5 stores. Population about 200. 

Mound Creek. — See Blue Mound. 

Muddy Lane, a post-office 16 miles n. w. of Chillicothe. 

Sampsell, in Grand River Bottom, w. of Indian Creek, on the St. 
L., K. C. & N. R. W., 9 miles w. of Chillicothe, contains i store. 

Shoal Creek, a post-office 9 miles s, of Chillicothe. 

Spring Hill, 8 miles n. w. of Chillicothe, and 5 miles s. e. of Samp- 
sell, was laid out in 1848, is surrounded by heavy timber, and, as its name 
suggests, is well supplied with springs. At one lime this was one of the 
principal business places in the county, but the building of railroads has 
drawn much of the trade to other points. The only tannery in the 
county is located here. It has i public school, i Methodist church and 
parsonage, i hotel and i store. Population, about 130. 

Utica has a fine location on Grand River, and on the H. & St. J. 
R. R., 5 miles s. w. of Chillicothe. It was laid out in 1839, and contains 
I public school (cost of building $5,000), 2 churches — Baptist and Epis- 
copal, I saddle and harness shop and 4 stores. Population, about 1,000. 

Wheeling, e. of Medicine Creek, on the H. & St: J. R. R., 10 
miles e. of Chillicothe, laid out in 1866, contains i public school, 2 
hotels, I plow and i wagon shop and 5 stores. Population, about 150. 



MCDONALD COUNTY, 

In the south-western corner of the State, is bounded north by Newton 
County, east by Barry, south by the State of Arkansas, and west by Indian 
Territory, and contains 352,978 acres. 

We may mention here the fact that the southern boundary line of 
McDonald County is the famous Mason & Dixon's line of 36° 30', the 
" Missouri Compromise " line of 1820. 

Population in 1850, 2,236; in i860, 4,03^', in 1870, 5,526, of 
whom 5,189 were white and 37 colored ; 2,667 rnale, and 2,559 female; 
5,181 native (2,418 born in Missouri) and 45 foreign 

History. — The first settlements were made in 1830, by Augustus F. 
Friend, P. Williams, R. Lauderdale, Tiner, Mathews, Elevens and Hol- 
comb, whose families at that time numbered about 40. The county was 
organized March 3d, 1849, and the county seat was located at Rutledge, 
but it was removed to Pineville, which was once called Marysville, 
under which name it was first settled and located by J, K. Mosier. 

Physical Features. — The surface of the county is mountainous, in- 
terspersed with rich valleys and prairies, and the soil of the uplands, 
although unproductive for some crops, is finely adapted to the culture of 
the grape and other fruits. The ridges are well timbered with oak, wal- 
nut, pine, cedar, ash, cherry, etc. Wild grasses grow luxuriantly in the 
forests, and blue grass does extremely well when cultivated. 

The whole county is well watered by numerous springs which issue from 
almost every hillside. Near each corner of the county there is a prairie, 
each comprising about two-thirds of a township in extent. The best farm- 
ing lands are along the creeks or in the valleys. There is, however, a 
variety of land called " flat woods," sufficiently described by this title, 
which is very fertile, and is especially valuable in the production of 
tobacco and small grain. 

The county is drained by Elk River and its tributaries, Buffalo, Patter- 
son, Indian, Sugar, Big Sugar, Little Sugar, Mill, Butler, Panther 
and Honey Creeks. Most of these streams are very clear and rapid, and 
afford excellent water power. They are the chief attractions of this beau- 
tiful country. Big Sugar Creek, which has its source in Barry County, 
and Little Sugar Creek, in Benton County, Arkansas, unite half a mile 
above Pineville to form Elk River, which is a stream of considerable size, 
having at 'one time been declared by law "navigable for flat-boats." It 
continues its course south-west from Pineville, across the county, thence 
through the Cherokee Nation, and empties into Grand River. In the 



330 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

early settlement of the country large quantities ot lumber, corn and fiour 
were transported on flat-boats down Elk River to Fort Gibson, Fort Smith, 
Van Buren and other points on the Grand and Arkansas Rivers, where 
ready markets were at all times found. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, the grasses, 
potatoes and sweet potatoes. Cotton and tobacco are grown in small 
quantities, and yield remarkably well. Grapes and apples yield abund- 
antly, the culture of the former engaging much of the attention of the 
fruit-growers, as the climate is peculiarly favorable both to their abundant 
yield and fine flavor. The new seedling "Neosho," propagated by 
Mr. Jaeger, of Newton County, is a native of this section. The Atlantic 
& Pacific R. R. owns about 100,000 acres of land in this county, which 
is offered for sale on liberal terms at from %\ to ^5 per acre.* 

Mineral Resources. — Lead is found in almost all parts of the 
county, and there are several mines in operation. Tripoli exists in large 
quantities, and there are also strong indications of iron. 

The Manufacturing Interests are confined to a few grist and 
saw-mills. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $i,5oo,ooo.f 

The Exports are corn, wheat, fruit and lumber. 

Educational Interests. — About $3,000 per year are raised by tax- 
ation for school purposes. An increased zeal and interest in educational 
matters have been developed, but although the sub-districts are now pro- 
vided with neat, substantial and comfortable school-houses, very much 
yet remains to be done. 

Baladan, (Blankenship's Mills,) on Indian Creek, 11 miles n. n. e. 
of Pineville, contains i store and a saw and grist-mill. 

Bannock. — See Enterprise. 

Bethpage, 11 miles n. e. of Pineville, has i store. 

Blankenship's Mills. — See Baladan. 

Elk Mills, (Elk City,) about 15 miles w. of Pineville, on the south 
bank of Elk River, and one of the oldest places in the county, is a 
trading post for the adjacent part of Indian Territory, and contains 2 
stores. 

Enterprise, (Bannock,) about 17 miles w. n. w. of Pineville, laid out in 
1835, contains i store, and a grist and saw-mill. 

Erie, on Indian Creek, is 11 miles n. of Pineville, and 11 miles s. of 
Neosho Station, on the Atlantic & Pacific R. R., its nearest shipping 
point. It is a lively little town, was laid out in 1870, and has a popu- 

*The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid, with interest on deferred payments, in seven years; and offers free transportation from St, Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix — page 

t Assessed valuation in 1873,1761,947. Taxation, J0.45 per Jioo. Bonded debt, $7,000. Floating 
debt, $6,000. 



McDonald county. 331 

lation of about loo. It contains i store, i wagon shop, a good school, 
and M. E. Ch. edifice, costing about $2,000. Erie is surrounded by a 
fine country, and offers good inducements to manufacturers, stock-growers 
and horticulturalists. 

Gates, a post-office 13 miles n. w. of Pineville. 

Givensville, a post-office 11 miles s. w. of Pineville. 

Honey Creek. — See South West City. 

Looniesville. — See Tribulation. 

PINEVILLE, the county seat, is situated a few miles s. w. of the 
center of the county, and about 22 miles s. of Neosho, Newton County, 
its nearest railroad station. It was settled in 1856, and laid out in i860, 
by Hon. John GuUett. It contains an excellent 2-story brick court-house, 
has 5 stores, i hotel, i livery stable, i wagon shop, a fine grist and saw- 
mill, a weekly newspaper — the McDonald County Advocate, published by 
E. J. Ellis; a school-house, and i M. E. Ch. South, valued at ;g2,ooo. 
The Baptist and Cumberland Presbyterian churches have as yet no sep- 
arate houses of worship. Population, about 350. 

Poplar Hill, a post-office about 8 miles e. n. e. of Pineville, is situ- 
ated on Big Sugar Creek. 

Powell, a post-office 14 miles e. n. e. of Pineville. 

Rocky Comfort, 17 miles n. e of Pineville, and 15 miles from Peirce 
City, its shipping point on the A. & P. R. R., has 2 stores. Popu- 
lation, about 75. 

South West City, (Honey Creek,) 15 miles s. w. of Pineville, is 
in the extreme s. w. corner of the State, as well as of the county. It is 
situated on the north bank of Honey Creek, near the southern border of 
Cow Skin Prairie, was laid out in 1870, has 4 stores, a hotel, a livery 
stable, a good flouring-mill, and a good school in successful operation. This 
place has a large Indian as well as local trade, and is one of the most 
flourishing places in the county. Population, about 200. 

Tribulation, (Looniesville,) a post-office 16 miles e. of Pineville, on 
Big Sugar Creek. 

W^hite Rock Prairie, 10 miles s. e. of Pineville, in the center of a 
fertile region, contains i store, and i grist and saw-mill, which has 
recently been purchased by some wealthy Quakers, and large numbers of 
these people are now settling in this portion of the county. 



MACON COUNTY, 

In the northern part of the State, is bounded north by Adair and Knox, 
■east by Knox and Shelby, south by Randolph and Chariton, and west by 
Chariton and Linn Counties, and contains 529,920 acres. 

Population in 1840, 6,034; in 1850, 6,565 : in i860, 14,346 ; in 
1870,23,230: of whom 21,734 were white, and 1,496 colored ; 11,934 
male, and 11,296 female ; 21,198 native (11,832 born in Missouri,) and 
2,032 foreign. 

History. — The territory which forms the county was settled as early as 
1 83 1, though not organized until 1838, up to which time it formed a part 
of Randolph County The first election was held in 1838 or 1839, at 
Box Ancle (afterward Bloomington) of which Wm. Blackwell was one of 
the judges. The first circuit judge was David Todd. The first physicians 
were Abraham Still, John Wilkin, Arthur Barron and Wm. Proctor. The 
first school teacher in the upper part of the county was Oliver P. Davis. 
Among the first settlers were Jacob Loe, the Wrights, Nathan Richardson, 
Erben East, James Cowhan, Wm. Sears, the Winns, Holmans, Shackel- 
fords, McCalls, Wm. Blackwell, Thos. Williams, Morrows, Rowlands and 
E. Penton. There were but few Indians in the county, and they were 
friendly; these, however, soon joined their tribes further west, and left the 
territory entirely to the settlers. The first settlement was located about 
four miles north of Macon City, and was called Moccasinville. The county 
was settled slowly until 1858, when the construction of the Hannibal 
& St. Joseph R. R. gave it a new impetus, and from that time until the 
-commencement of the late war, the population increased rapidly by immi- 
gration, and although the growth was arrested during the war, since its 
close, the increase both in population and wealth have been very rapid. 

Physical Features. — The grand divide which separates the affluents 
of the Mississippi from those of the Missouri River, crosses the entire 
county from north to south. West of this are the Chariton and East and 
Middle Forks of Chariton River with their tributaries. Walnut, Turkey, 
Brush, Puzzle and Paint Creeks, and on the east of the divide is the 
Middle Fork of Salt River and its branches. Narrows, Winn and Hooker 
Creeks. Muscle Fork with its numerous small branches, lies in the ex- 
treme western part of the county, and in the east are Bear and Ten Mile 
Creeks. Along these streams and on the adjacent hills is an abundance 
-of timber consisting of the various kinds of oak, also cottonwood, hickory, 
maple and black walnut. The forests skirt the prairies and the farms 
.usually embrace a porti'on of each. The soil, of which there is a great 



334 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS OUR L 

variety, is chiefly a fertile, black loam, underlaid with clay in which marB 
abounds. 

West of the Chariton River and north of the H. & St. J. R. R., is the 
region known as The Barrens. These consist of high rounded hills, 
covered with a tall, reddish grass and occasional clumps of post oak and 
black jack, while the valleys or drains between are destitute of trees, 
though covered with prairie grass. East of the Chariton, The Barrens are- 
confined to a few miles in the northern part of the county. In the vicin- 
ity of Muscle Fork, and between that stream and Brush Creek, also on 
the East Fork of the Chariton, south of the center of the county, and in the- 
eastern part, north of the Middle Fork of Salt River, the country is quite; 
hilly. On the Chariton and on Muscle Fork these hills are sometimes^ 
ICO feet high, elsewhere they never exceed 75 feet, and are often less. Im 
the remainder of the county, the slopes are gentle and the surface is. 
mostly prairie. 

The Agricultural Productions are principally wheat, corn, hayr 
and tobacco, although Macon excels as a grazing and dairy county. The: 
soil is well adapted to stock-raising and fruit-culture, and the farmers are- 
giving increased attention to these pursuits. Apples, peaches, pears and', 
grapes grow finely, and yield abundantly. Over 150 varieties of apples; 
are raised which are largely shipped to western cities. About 40 varieties. 
of grapes are raised successfully, the principal varieties being the Concord, 
Delaware and Hartford. The H. & St. Jo. R. R. has 10,000 acres of.' 
good land in the county which can be purchased on most reasonable 
terms. There are also about 1,200 acres of Government Land, and about 
45,000 acres of swamp land, which are partly overflowed in the spring, yet; 
a great portion of them are desirable and very fertile, and can be pur- 
chased at low figures on long time. The climate is very healthful and 
invigorating. The winters are short and the weather generally clear and 
cool. 

The Mineral Resources consist chiefly of coal and stone. The 
whole county is underlaid with rich veins of the former which are worked! 
principally at Bevier, Summit, ExcellO, New Cambria, Lingo and Carbon, 
and are rapidly becoming a source of immense revenue to the county. 
Large quantities are furnished to the railroads, and from the three places 
first named, about 50 car loads, daily, are shipped to St. Jo^^eph, Kansas 
City and the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, Coal is mined at a depth 
of 70 feet, and also crops out at the streams. As usual, accompanying- 
the coal formation, are found gypsum and fire-clay. Limestone and sand- 
stone exist in great quantities, especially in the southern part of the county, 
and are chiefly used for building purposes. 

The Manufacturing Interests are as yet somewhat limited. There 
are several saw and grist-mills, and large amounts of walnut lumber are 
shipped from the county. 



MACON COUNTY. 335 

The "Enterprise Mills," at Macon City, ship large quantities of flour 
to Boston and New York, besides supplying the demand from surrounding 
towns. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $10,000,000.* 

Railoads. — The Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. traverses Macon from 
east to west, and the St. Louis, Kansas City and Northern R. W. from 
north to south, each having about 31 miles of track in the county. Be- 
sides these, the Keokuk & Kansas City R. R. will have 36 miles (which 
will when completed) pass diagonally through the county from the north- 
east to the south-west. 

The Exports are principally cattle, horses, mules, hogs, tobacco, 
corn, hay, apples, potatoes and grapes, also coal and timber in large 
quantities. 

The Educational Interests of Macon are as well advanced as 
those of any other western county. There is a permanent fund of 
|i 100,000 constantly being increased by sales of school lands, the interest 
of which, in addition to the taxes levied for school purposes, is applied to 
the support of the sub-district schools. All the townships are divided 
into sub-districts, in each of which are comfortable school buildings. 
There are 2 colleges and i seminary in the county. Johnson College, in 
Macon City, is a fine institution with an able faculty, and capacity for 
300 students. McGee College, at College Mound, 12 miles south-west 
of Macon, under the control of the Cumberland Presbyterians, has an 
efficient corps of teachers and about 250 pupils. It is a very popular and 
well patronized institution, of which the county is justly proud. Bloom- 
ington High School, at Bloomington, 7 miles north-west of Macon, is in 
a prosperous condition, and well patronized. The public schools of 
Macon City are in session about 9 months in the year, employing 15 
teachers and a city superintendent. The schools are graded, and held in 
fine large brick buildings erected and furnished upon the most approved 
modern plans, at a cost of $25,000. There is also a commercial college 
at Macon, under the control ot experienced professors. 

Atlanta is a station on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 11 miles north 
of Macon. Large amounts of live stock are shipped at this point, and 
there are several manufactures, 4 stores, also i cabinet and 2 wagon shops, 
I lumber yard and i hotel. Population, about 200. 

Barry villa, a post-office 12 miles s. w. of Macon City. 

Beverly, (Round Grove,) a station on the H. & St. J. R. R., 7 miles 
e. of Macon City, is located in a rich prairie, which is being rapidly 
settled with thrifty farmers. 

Bevier, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 5 miles w. of Macon City, con- 

* Assessed valuation in 1873, ^5,909,200. Taxation, ^3.25 per ^100. Bonded debt, (railroad) ^300,000. 
Floating debt, $28,000. 



336 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

tains about 900 people, who are mostly miners, and are an industrious, 
sober, intelligent class. There are 3 or 4 coal shafts in this vicinity, from 
which large amounts of coal are taken. The place contains 8 stores and 
a few other industries. 

Black well, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 8 miles n. of Macon. 

Bloomington, 6 miles n. w. of Macon City, the oldest town in the 
county, and until 1863 the county seat, was formerly called Box Ancle, 
and has the honor of issuing the first newspaper of the county — the 
Bloomingtofi Gazette, published by Jas. M. Love in 1850. Here also, in 
1837, was established the first mill in the county, owned by Judge 
Cochran, 

Callao, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 9 miles w. of Macon City, in a 
good agricultural district, is a thriving town containing a woolen mill, a 
furnace, a lumber yard, several stores, a hotel and some other business 
houses. Population, about 250. 

Carbon, on the H. & St. J. R. R. 3 miles e. of Macon. 

College Mound, 12 miles s. w. of Macon City, contains McGee 
College (above noticed), 7 stores and a wagon shop. 

Economy, (Vienna,) a post-office 3 miles e. of Atlanta. 

Emerson. — See Excello. 

Excello, (Emerson,) on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 6 miles s. of 
Macon City. 

Kaseyville, a post-office 14 miles s. w. of Macon City, 

La Plata, on the St. L., K. C, & N. R. W., 20 miles n. of Macon 
City, is a busy town of about 700 inhabitants, and contains 14 stores, 
2 hotels, and several other business houses. The broad fertile prairies 
stretch away from this town for many miles, presenting a fine view during 
the summer, when thousands of cattle may be seen leisurely feeding there. 

La Porte. — See Ten Mile. 

Love Lake City, on the St. L. , K. C. & N. R. W. ,14 miles n. of 
Macon, has several stores, and fine water power. 

MACON CITY, the county seat, at the junction of the H. & St. J. R. 
R. with the St. L., K. C. & N.R. W., 68 miles w. of Quincy, 136 miles e. 
of St. Joseph and 168 miles n. w. of St. Louis, was incorporated in 
1856. In 1857, the town of Hudson was laid out, and in 1859, the 
two places were incorporated under the name of Macon City. It has an 
elevated and healthy location, and is handsomely laid out, the streets 
being at right angles, ornamented with shade trees, and, in the business 
part of town, macadamized. The citizens are enterprising and intelli- 
gent, and the merchants carry on an extensive trade with the country 
around, and with adjoining counties. The city contains 10 churches — 
M, E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, Congregational, Presbyterian (O. S.), 
Cumberland Presbyterian, Episcopal, Lutheran, Baptist, Catholic, Chris- 
tian; 2 banks, with an average monthly deposit of $300,000; and 3 news- 



MACON COUNTY. 337 

papers — the Republican, Jones, Brock & Wilson, publishers; the/ournaly 
published by J. M. London, and the Ti?nes, published by J. M. Love. 

Mercy ville, 20 miles n. n. w. of Macon City, contains several stores. 

Narrows Creek, a post-ofifice 4 miles s. e. of Macon City. 

Newburgh, a post-office 6 miles w. of La Plata. 

New Cambria, (Stockton,) on the H. & St. J. R. R., 16 miles w. 
of Macon City, is a growing town containing 15 stores, 3 mills, i lumber 
yard, 2 hotels, and a cheese factory. The town is pleasantly situated 
upon a high point of land. 

Round Grove. — See Beverly. 

Stockton. — See New Cambria. 

Sue City, 10 miles s. e. of La Plata, and 18 miles n. w. of Macon City, 
in a very fine agricultural region, contains several stores and churches. 

Summit is 4 miles w. of Macon City. There are 3 coal shafts at 
this place which are being constantly worked, also 2 stores. This bids 
fair to be a very thriving town on account of the coal interests developed 
here. Population, about 200, mostly miners. 

Ten Mile, (La Porte,) 9 miles n. e. of Macon City, contains 2 stores 
and I church. 

Tullvania, a post-office 25 miles n. w. of Macon City. 

Vienna. — See Economy. 

Woodville, one of the oldest places in the county, is 9 miles s. e. of 
Macon City, and contains 2 stores, 2 mills, a wagon shop and about 50 
inhabitants. 



MADISON COUNTY, 

In the south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by St. Francois 
County, east by Perry and Bollinger, south by Bollinger and Wayne, and 
west by Iron County, and contains 291,200 acres. 

Population in 1820, 2,047; in 1830, 2,371; in 1840, 3,395; 1850, 
6,003; in i860, 5,664; in 1870, 5,849, of whom 5,688 were white, 
and 159 colored; 3,015 male, and 2,834 female; 5,471 native, (3,869 
born in Missouri) and 378 foreign. 

History. — The first settlement made in what is now Madison County 
was at MineLaMotte, in 1722 or 1723. These mines, situated about 4 miles 
north of Fredericktown, were discovered ini7i9 or 1720 by a French- 
man, whose name they bear. They were worked as early as 1765, or 
1770, "t)y the Indians and Spaniards; the country west of the Missis- 
sippi belonging at that time to the Spanish Government. Among the 
American State papers is recorded the claim of John Baptiste Francis 
Menard, and Emily Josefa Menard, of the Empire of France, to 
two leagues of land at Mine La Motte, on account of settlement and 
improvement. They presented a certified copy of a grant from Bois- 
Ijriant Desursins, dated June 14th, 1723. In consideration of the wealth 
of these mines, and to aid in their development and the colonization of 
the country, the Spanish Government, in the year 1800, granted 5,000 
arpents of land to fifteen French families, " for settlement and cultiva- 
tion." This grant lay just north of Saline Creek, which enters the Little 
St. Francis River a mile below. About the same time a few families 
from Tennessee, North Carolina, Kentucky and Virginia, settled in the 
county, but the Osage and Kickapoo Indians were so numerous and 
troublesome, that these new-comers could not till the soil to any extent, 
and were obliged to live in close proximity, for mutual protection. 
Hence, about 1801 the village of St. Michael was built on the north bank 
of Saline Creek, opposite the spot where Fredericktown now stands. In 
1822 it contained 50 dwellings and several stores, but from that time it 
went down, till scarce a vestige remained to show the location of this once 
important center; but in 1870, the place was laid off in lots, and sold 
per order of the circuit court. Since then a number of fine dwellings, a 
store and 2 planing mills have been erected, and it is now the connect- 
ing link between Collier & Villar's Addition (in which the depot of the 
St. L. & I. M. R. R. is situated) and Fredericktown. For several years 
previous to 181 7, an Indian family named Musco lived on the south bank 
of 'the creek where Fredericktown now stands. 



340 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

As usual in a new country, the settlers spent much of their time in- 
hunting, trapping and fishing by day, and dancing and frolicking by 
night. ■ During the war of 1812, a company of volunteers was raised in 
Ste. Genevieve County, some of whom resided in what is now Madison. 
This county was formed of portions of Ste. Genevieve and Cape Girard- 
eau Dec. 14, i8i8, but has since been much reduced in size by the organiza- 
tion of other counties. 

During the late Civil War, about an equal number from Madison 
County joined the Federal and Confederate armies; in all some three or 
four companies. The battle of Fredericktown, in which the Federals^ 
were victorious, was fought on the 21st of October, 1861, Col. Plummer 
commanding the Federal, and Gen. Jeff. Thompson the Confederate 
forces. Some bushwhacking and guerrilla warfare occurred throughout 
the entire war, but no other battle was fought. 

Physical Features. — The surface of the country is mostly hilly and 
broken, but well watered. The highest hills are generally composed of 
mineral masses of porphyritic stone, most of which contain more or l^siron 
ore. The St. Francis on the west and Castor River on the east, both 
run in a southerly direction through the entire length of the county. 
These streams and their tributaries afford excellent water power, which as- 
yet is unimproved. The soil along the valleys of the streams, though 
generally sandy and gravelly, is very productive. The county is well tim- 
bered with black, white and Spanish oak, yellow pine, black and white 
walnut, sugar-maple, cherry, hackberry, sassafras and papaw. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, oats, wheat and stock, 
though not in larger quantities than meet the home demand. Tobacco^ 
is grown well on the river bottoms and best uplands, but as yet has not 
been exported. 

Mineral Resources. — Few sections of country of the same area pos- 
sess a greater variety of minerals, and some of these exist in large 'quanti- 
ties. The LaMotte Lead Mines wqxq worked as early as 1722, having^ 
been discovered about that time by M. La Motte. For a century but 
little work was done, but since the year 1830, the annual yield has been 
over 1,000,000 pounds. By reason of sundry improvements in mining 
and smelting operations introduced by Messrs. Lockwood and Scott, 
present proprietors and managers, the business is quite profitable. 

The metals found on the La Motte Lead Company's land consist of 
gold, silver, nickel, copper, antimony, bismuth, manganese, zinc, lead, 
iron, cobalt, arsenic and the same kind of ore as is found at the so-called 
tin mines. Of lead and iron the supply is practically inexhaustible, and 
of nickel and cobalt there is the largest and richest deposit known in the 
world. Of minerals and earths there are kaolin, fire-clay, sandstone, 
molding sand, paris white, sulphur, silex, fluor-spar, limestone, grind- 
stone, French buhr-stones, yellow and red ochre. Indications of 



MADISON COUNTY. 341 

lead are found in many places, but not in paying quantities, except on 
the Mine La Motte lands, which embrace 24,010 acres; two-thirds of 
which is in Madison and the other third in St. Francois County. This 
tract was confirmed in 1827, by act of Congress, to Messrs. Valle, Pratt, 
St. James and Beauvis, and November 6th, 1837, it was sold by Commis- 
sioners Wm. M. Newberry, Josias Berryman, Theodore F. Tong, Caleb 
Cox and Henry Janis, appointed by the circuit court of Madison County 
"on petition for partition of lands and tenements." This property is now 
owned by Messrs. Lockwood, Scott, Hazard and Copelin. 

Iron, lead and copper are found in nearly every section in the county. 
The principal deposits of iron are the Mathews Motintain Iron Bank, 7 
miles south-west of Fredericktown \ the Hematite Mining Company s 
Bank, at Cornwall ; Dr. Goff^s Bank, north of Cornwall ; Charles If. 
Gregoire' s Bank, in T. 2,Z^ R- 7> ^-j ^.nd the Madison Mining Company' s 
Bank in T. 33, R. 7, e. The Hematite Mining Company shipped a great 
deal of iron from their works during the years 1871 and 1872. The 
Buckeye Copper Mines, lyi miles south-east of Fredericktown, were worked 
in 1846, and at several periods since, but never very profitably. The 
Cannae, Dillon and Ware Mines, the next township south, have been 
worked sufficiently to prove them valuable. MarshalV s Mines, 3 miles 
east of Fredericktown, were worked to some extent in 1 836, and pronounced 
very rich. The Mine La Motte Copper Mines 2 miles west of Fleming's 
old smelting furnace, were discovered in December, 1838, by H, N. 
Tong, Esq., though but little systematic mining was done until the year 
1845, when a practical miner named Marie, from England, purchased an 
interest in them, and a company was formed who erected a large smelting 
furnace, and began work on an extensive scale. For the next three years 
the net profit of these mines amounted to upward of $150,000, notwith- 
standing which, all work in them was abandoned, until within the last 
year, when it was resumed by the La Motte Lead Company, who are 
working these mines for nickel, large amounts of which ore are being 
shipped to Europe for refinement, the mining for copper having been 
abandoned. 

Gold and platinum are said to have been found near Fredericktown, 
and the statement is verified by some St. Louis assayers. The gold is in 
a vein mixed with magnetic iron, rhodium, etc. Although both Prof. 
Swallow, then State Geologist, and Dr. Theodore Wise, practical chemist, 
testified to the existence of gold in paying quantities, yet the leads have 
never been worked. 

It may not be generally known that the nickel used for coining was 
principally from these mines. The idea of introducing this metal into 
lesser coin was suggested by Prof. Booth, of the U. S. Mint, Philadelphia, 
who, in connection with a Mr. Coffin, established works at Mine La 
Motte for the separation of nickel from the other metals, and large quan- 



342 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 

titles were shipped to the mint for refinement and use. Much of the 
German silver, or white metal used in forks, spoons, etc, is manufac-* 
tured from nickel procured at these mines. A few years ago, great excite- 
ment existed relative to the tin mines of T. T)^ "-j ^- 6 e., and over 
;$ 1 00,000 was expended in the erection of reducing and smelting works, 
but without any prospect of a speedy realization of the hopes of the cap- 
italists, and work was abandoned. Madison is rich in minerals, but she 
needs capital and skilled labor to develop her resources, and show her to 
be what she is, one of the first mineral counties in the State. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist chiefly of the lead smelting 
furnaces, but there are several grist and saw-mills, and excellent water 
power. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^8,210,000.* 

Railroads. — The St. Louis & Iron Mountain R. R. passes through 
the north-eastern part of the county for a distance of 23 miles. 

The Exports are mainly lead and timber. Large quantities of pine 
and oak timber, stave timber and railroad ties are shipped from Mar- 
quand, Cornwall and Fredericktown, and over 1,000,000 pounds of lead 
annually from Mine La Motte. 

The Educational Interests of this county have been somewhat 
neglected, but are rapidly improving. There are 42 sub-districts, and 
the schools are taught 4 months in the year. 

Cornv/all, a station on the St. L. & L M. R. R., 7 miles s. e. of 
Fredericktown, contains a few stores and a saw-mill. 

FREDERICKTOWN, the county seat and principal town, a 
station on the St. L. & L M. R, R., 105 miles from St. Louis and 91 
miles from Belmont, was settled in 182 1. It contains 5 churches — i 
Catholic, 2 Methodist (i colored), and 2 Baptist (i colored), and about 
1, 200 inhabitants. The greater portion of the older settlers — some of 
whom are still living — were Catholics. There is one large union school 
building, well supplied with modern desks and apparatus, costing 56,000, 
and 2 newspapers — 77^*? Bee, Edgar P. Caruthers, editor, and The Plain 
Dealer, Dr. W. H. Gosney, publisher. Fredericktown, including 
Collier's and Villar's and the old St. Michael additions, has 16 stores, 3 
hotels, 2 planing-mills, i fence manufactory, i saddler's and 4 wagon 
shops. 

Marquand, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. R., 14 miles s. e. of Frederick- 
town, contains 3 stores, i mill, i hotel, and i church — Presbyterian. It 
is also a shipping point for an iron bank, Po^julation, about 150. 

Mine La Motte, 4 miles n. of Fredericktown, and 2}^ miles from 
the station of that name, is an unusual town, not having any saloons, and 
contains about 300 inhabitants, principally miners and mechanics, and 
mostly steady working citizens. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, j2-034,6^- Bonded debt, ^18,050. Floating debt, ?7,56o. 



MARIES COUNTY, 

In the central part of the State, is bounded north by Osage County, east 
by Gasconade and Phelps, south by Phelps and Pulaski, and west by Mil- 
ler county, and contains 313,416 acres. 

Population in i860, 4,901; in 1870, 5,916, of whom 5,894 were 
white, and 22 were colored ; 3,019 male, and 2,897 female; 5,598 native 
(3,979 born in Missouri), and 318 foreign. 

History. — This county was organized March 2d, 1855, from parts of 
Osage and Pulaski, and in those counties the early history of this section 
is given. During the late Civil War it, happily, almost entirely escaped 
the disturbances that befell many counties. 

Physical Features. — Hills, valleys, ridges, prairies and table-lands 
diversify the surface, under which lie treasures of untold wealth awaiting 
the scientific exploration of the geologist and the " open sesame" of the 
capitalist. The county is well watered and drained, in the west by 
Maries, Little Maries, Sugar and Tavern Creeks, which flow northwardly 
into the Osage ; the Gasconade River flows from south to north in a 
winding course, a little east of the center of the county, its lofty cliffs 
parting to admit Spring Creek with its tributaries ; also Cedar Creek and 
Long Branch from the east, and Clifty, Dry and several smaller creeks 
from the west, while the Bourbeuse, in the south-eastern part of the 
county, flowing north-easterly, is swelled by Dry Fork of Bourbeuse, Pea 
Vine and other smaller streams. The Gasconade has been surveyed by 
order of Congress, with a view to making it navigable from its mouth to 
Arlington, where it is crossed by the A. & P. R. R. These streams 
influence the topography very much, owing to the depth they cut below 
the general surface of the surrounding country. Little Tavern cuts 
about one hundred feet beneath the level, and has narrow bottoms with 
hills gently sloping on either side. The bottoms of Little and Big Maries 
are wider, the hills also gently sloping, but the country between and adjacent 
to these streams is quite broken and hilly. The Gasconade and its trib- 
utaries cut into the older formations, deep down into the third magnesian 
limestone, and their bluffs are more abrupt, frequently precipitous, and 
generally rising over 100 feet, presenting, especially in the southern part 
of the county, peculiarly wild and picturesque scenery. The adjacent 
country, for several miles on either side of the streams, is very broken. 
The Gasconade Bottoms are frequently a quarter of a mile in width. The 
hills on Cave Spring Creek and Spring Creek are high, although they 
rise gradually from the valleys. The slopes on Dry Fork of Bourbeuse 



346 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OP MISSOURL 

and its tributaries are gentle, and the hills do not exceed 50 feet in' 
height. Among the numerous fine springs may be mentioned the Jen- 
kins Spring, about two miles south-^west of Lane's Prairie, and one on the 
farm of W. H. Hildebrand, near Spanish Prairie. Quite a number of 
caves are found among th€ bluffs bordering on the Gasconade River, one 
situated in Sec. 22, Tp. 40, Range 9, just above the mouth of Indian 
Creek and on the west bank of the river, has been explored about 400 
feet. There is also one at the Old Bloom Landing, and several near the 
mouth of Clifty Creek. 

Caves are not the only curiosities observable among the physical fea- 
tures of this county of such varied limestone deposits. Professor Broad- 
head says, that on Clifty Creek, in a wild and secluded spot, he observed 
a natural bridge, with a span of about 30 feet, the arch being about 15 
feet above the water, the thickness of the rock above that about 12 feet, 
and the width on top 15 feet. Two small streams come together under 
this natural causeway, one from the west and another from the south-west. 
A part of the bluff on the south-west fork spans the northern fork, and 
terminates about 60 feet beyond in a sharp point, while 50 feet further, 
there rise, abruptly from the bottoms, the bluffs of the opposite hills, which 
are very precipitous, frequently studded with cedars, some on the very- 
top of the ridge. A perfectly clear stream of water, whose pebbly bot- 
tom can be seen, courses through this valley, and the bottoms near are 
overspread with a dense growth of trees and vines ; among the latter, 
the muscadine grape. The valley here, shut in by perpendicular cliffs, grows 
wildly picturesque and romantic in its loneliness. On the summits of 
the highest bluffs of the Gasconade are Indian mounds, most of which 
in Maries County are constructed solely of stones piled around human 
remains. It seems that these people had a fondness for burying their 
dead on the highest points they could find, and generally in sight of a 
large water course. The bottom lands are generally well covered with 
good-sized timber, principally burr, swamp, white and black oak, shell- 
bark and pig-nut hickory, black and white walnut, American and red 
elm, laurel, red-bud, rock chestnut, hackberry, sycamore and linden. 

The hills and slopes are sparsely timbered. The prairies are a marked 
feature — of these Lane's Prairie, situated between the Bourbeuse and the 
Gasconade Rivers, containing 10,000 acres, Spanish Prairie, of less ex- 
tent, and Galloway's Prairie, are noted. These prairies are in a high state of 
cultivation, and produce fine crops of wheat, corn, oats and tobacco. 
Both the uplands and prairies are well adapted to stock-raising and fruit- 
culture. The bottom lands produce luxuriant crops of corn and tobacco, 
30 to 50 bushels per acre being an average crop of corn. 

The uplands may be classified besides prairies, as timbered uplands and 
" barrens." On the latter, before cultivation, grow a few scattering trees 
and a tall orairie grass, which is very nutritious for stock. The soil of 

4 



MARIES COUNTY. 347 

these " barrens " is good for wheat, oats and other small grains. 

Agricultural Productions. — Corn, oats, wheat, barley, timothy, 
•clover, potatoes and tobacco are grown extensively, also apples, peaches 
pears, grapes, and all the smaller fruits usually grown in this State. Some 
fine orchards are to be seen on the high farms. This is a fine grazing 
country, and exportation of grain being expensive *nuch of it is fed to 
stock. 

There is but little Government Land in this county. There are 5,000 
acres of swamp land, and the A. & P. R. R. has about 4,000 acres of 
good land for sale on liberal terms at from $t, to $8 per acre.* 

Mineral Resources. — This county is rich in deposits of lead, iron 
and copper, though as yet these are mainly undeveloped. Buhr-stone, 
grindstone, sand and limestone of several varieties are found, also sulphate 
of baryta (in sec. 20, T. 41, R. 11, w.,) in irregular fragments of massive 
form ; sands of various kinds, that on Spring Creek being a good mate- 
rial for making glass. In 1873 ^^^^"^ deposits of iron, both the hematite 
and the sulphuret"", the latter principally, were discovered in various parts 
of the county. About a mile west of Lane's Prairie, on the head waters 
of Cedar Creek, huge masses of ore can be seen ; one place in particular 
has been laid bare, and a mass of hematite and blue specular ores mixed, 
presents itself from the bottom of the ravine, rising 70 feet perpendicu- 
larly, and on either side of this immense deposit, for miles, there are seem- 
ingly rich banks of ore. On the eastern, northern and southern banks of 
the prairies are other banks scarcely inferior to the one above described. 
Rich banks have also been found on Tavern Creek, some of which have 
been worked. The distance to railroad, and the consequent heavy cost 
of transportation, retard the development of these mines. Lead is found 
in various places ; the William Mine, in the north-eastern part of the 
•county, having been worked with profit for several years. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of a few saw and grist-mills 
and one woolen and carding factory. Admirable mill sites are abundant 
•on most of the streams. 

\A^ealth. — Valuation of the county, per census of 1870, $i,6oo,ooo.'j" 

The Exports are horses, mules, cattle, hogs, sheep, wool, wheat, 
oats, barley, tobacco, apples, peaches, pears, grapes, etc. 

The Educational Interests are receiving increased attention. 
'There are 34 public schools in the county, 37 efficient teachers, 2,500 
children of school age, and school property to the amount of ^100,000. 

Barnett. — See Manton. 



*The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid, with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix- 

tAssessed valuation in 1873, $1,524,985. Taxation, $1.75 per $100. Bonded debt, $8,000. Floating 
•debt, $10,000. 



348 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 

Bloomington. — See Lane's Prairie. 

Clifty Dale, a post-office lo miles s. e. of Vienna. 

High Grove, a post-office on Spanish Prairie, lo miles n. n. w. of" 
St. James, its nearest railroad station, and about i8 miles s. e. of Vienna,. 

Lacon, a post-office 8 miles n. w. of Vienna. 

Lane's Prairie, (Bloomington,) 12 miles e. of Vienna, and about 12; 
miles n. of St. James, its nearest station, contains 2 stores, i wagon shop 

Manton, (Barnett,) near the n, w, corner of the county, on the road, 
leading from Jefferson City to Vienna, is 14 miles n. w. of the latter 
place, and contains i hotel, i saddle and harness shop and i store. 

Pay Do\vn, 10 miles n. e. of Vienna, on the Gasconade, at the mouth 
of Spring Creek, is both beautifully and advantageously located, and con- 
tains I woolen and carding and 2 grist-mills. 

Steen's Prairie, a post-office 15 miles n. e. of Vienna. 

VIENNA, the county seat, 23 miles n. w. of Rolla, Phelps County,, 
and 19 miles n. e. of Dixon, Pulaski County, its nearest station on the: 
A. & P, R. R., is pleasantly situated on high rolling land, about 2 miles 
west of the Gasconade. It was settled in 1855, has a population of about 
250, and contains a neat brick court-house, costing ;^ 10,000, built in 
1870; a good school-house, well furnished, a newspaper — The Courier; 
published by A, P. & A. J. Rittenhouse, 2 churches — Catholic and Metho- 
dist, I hotel, 4 stores and i wagon shop. 

Weldon, a post-office 9 miles s. w. of Vienna. 



MARION COUNTY, 

In the north-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Lewis 
County, east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from Illinois, 
south by Ralls and Monroe, and west by Shelby County, and contains 
280,509 acres. 

Population in 1830, 4,837; in 1840,9,623; in 1850, 12,230; in 
i860, 18,838; in 1870, 23,780, of whom 20,187 were white and 3,593 
were colored ; 12,282 male and 11,498 female; 21,164 native (12,353 
born in Missouri) and 2,616 foreign. 

History. — Previous to 1800 a tract of land lying upon the Bay de 
Charles, 3 miles above the present site of Hannibal, was granted to Man- 
turi Bouvet, a trapper and fur trader. Some Canadian French joined 
him here, and a little settlement sprung up with which the Indians carried 
on a lively trade, and on a fall or spring day a hundred bark canoes, loaded 
with furs and skins, might have been seen moored in the bay. Bouvet grew 
rich, and it was rumored that he possessed a barrel of gold which he kept 
buried near his house, and when a few years later his hut was burned and all 
trace of him was lost, many supposed that he had been murdered, while 
others believed that fearing that he would be treacherously dealt with, he 
fired his cabin himself while deep sleep was upon the little settlement, and 
taking his gold in a canoe, made his way to New Orleans. The ruins of 
the stone chimney are still to be seen, and also numerous cavities close 
by, made by parties digging for his gold. The grant was sold by the 
public administrator before the church door while the people were at 
service, and Charles de Gratiot became the purchaser. The deed made 
out in his name is recorded at St. Louis. Settlements were made in 
South River Valley near Palmyra in 1814, at Taylor's Mills in 1816, at 
Palmyra in 1818, and at Hannibal in 1819 by emigrants from Kentucky, 
Virginia and North Carolina. The first families that cut their way 
through the forests were those of Grafford, Moss, McKay, Haywood, Dur- 
kee and Foreman in 1814. These settlers were encouraged by the arri- 
val in 1816 of the families of Bush, Turner, Bates and Dulany. In 1817 
came Feagan, Masterson, Lyle, Palmer, Gash, Longmire, Parish, Nesbit, 
Vallandingham, Keithley and Culbertson. In 1818, Calvert, Spaulding, 
Donnelly, Young, Mathews, Willis, Barton, Lane, Shropshire, Richey, Ray 
and White arrived — a hardy stock of immigrants. These were followed 
in 1819 by Armstrong, Walker, Rice, Lake, (the wife of Burgess Lake is 
now living in her eighty-fifth year,) McFall, Frye and Taylor. In 1820 



350 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

came McFarland, Dunn, Lear, Gupton, Fort and Glasscock, who are 
still living, and vividly recount the story of their early dangers and 
hardships. Hawkins Smith erected the first mill on South River, and 
the settlers came forty miles to mill, remaining one or two days for their 
grist. Palmyra afterwards became a great trading point for the Indians. 
The first difficulty between them and the whites occurred in 1817, when 
an Indian shot a white man and a few weeks later the white man killed 
the Indian. He was taken as a prisoner to St. Louis in a canoe. 

The section of country just about Palmyra settled up quite rapidly, the 
soil being of the finest quality and springs abounding. In the early days, 
the first Sunday after the arrival of a new settler the entire neighborhood 
called upon him, and carried him a piece of venison or some present of 
game, counted his negroes, (his influence was in proportion to the num- 
ber of these,) and made arrangements to help him build his house. A 
log-rolling day was appointed, and with hearty good will a cabin was 
soon erected. The Sacs and Foxes hunted over this entire region, and 
the site of Palmyra was the council ground of these tribes long before 
the whites came into the country. After it was settled it was a favorite 
trading point with them, and their distinguished chiefs, Keokuk and 
Black Hawk, were frequently here. The venerable Presley Carr Lane, 
one of the few pioneers who yet remain (1874), says : *' I well remember 
seeing, soon after the first settlement of Palmyra, the long file of Indians 
coming into the village, the men in advance, carrying nothing but bows 
and arrows, while the squaws brought up the rear, each one with a bark 
sack containing about 2 bushels of pecans, on her back." 

These pecans grew in the Mississippi Bottom, east of Palmyra and 
north of Hannibal, but the trees have all been destroyed. 

In these early days, every family raised from 50 to 100 pounds of 
cotton for home use, and the picking of this was turned into a merry- 
making. The evening was the time selected, and the young people col- 
lected about the great log fire, when the cotton was drying, frolic and 
work going hand in hand. . It does not require a vivid imagination to 
suggest that perhaps more than one love story was told, while the busy 
fingers separated the seed from the cotton. After it was picked, the 
women spun and wove it, and then fashioned it into garments. 

Marion was taken from Ralls, and its boundaries defined, December 
14th, 1822 ; organized December 23d, 1826, and the first court was held 
March 26th, 1S27, at the house of Richard Brewer; Elijah Stapp, 
James J. Mahan, Wm. J. McElroy and John Longmire, justices ; Joshua 
Gentry, sheriff, and Theodore Jones, clerk. The courtvadjourned for 
dinner, and re-assembled in the house of Abraham K. Frye, when Daniel 
Hendricks presented his commission from the Governor, and took his 
seat as one of the justices. The settlement of Marion was greatly 
increased from 1830 to 1835, by efforts made in Philadelphia, Cincin- 



MARION COUNTY. 35 1 

nati and Pittsburg by Mr. Wm. Muldron. About 300 immigrants came 
into the county through his efforts, and a town called Marion City was 
laid off 6 miles east of Palmyra in 1834, but in the great freshet of 1844, 
it was entirely washed away. Marion College, and the preparatory 
schools at East and West Ely (manual labor schools), were established, 
and the services of such men as Ezra S. Ely, D.D., Dr. D. Nelson, Rev. 
Marks, D.D., Profs. McKee, Potts, Goodrich, Hays, Roach and Blatch- 
ford were secured. These schools flourished for 10 years, and were then 

abandoned. 

This county furnished troops for the Black Hawk War in 1832 ; 
for the Florida War in 18373 for the Mormon War in 1838; for the 
Mexican War in 1846 ; and for the Civil War in 1861. Marion County 
has been the residence of a number of distinguished men : 5 congress- 
men, 5 State senators, also Bishop Marvin, Nelson, the author of a work 
on Infidelity, Dr. Hobson, Uriel Wright, Judge Dryden, Samuel Glover 
and Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens). 

Physical Features.— Probably two-thirds of the surface is undulat- 
ing prairie; the woodland is thin along the margins of the streams, 
extending here and there into the prairies, and embraces hickory, oak, 
black walnut, sugar-maple, ash, sassafras, haw, elm, honey-locust, etc. 

The county is drained by North and South Fabius, Troublesome, 
Saline and Grassy Creeks, North and South Rivers, and many smaller 
streams. There are also many fine springs of pure water, besides several 
chalybeate and sulphur springs. The soil in the bottoms is very fertile, 
and on the prairie is underlaid by a silicious marl, which contains all the 
elements necessary to render it exceedingly fertile. North and east of 
Palmyra are considerable bodies of land which sustain a heavy growth 
of American elm. The soil of these elm lands is second to none in the 
State in point of fertility. 

Hannibal Cave, situated i mile below the city of Hannibal and 
about a quarter of a mile from the Mississippi River, is approached 
through a broad ravine hemmed in by lofty ridges which are at right- 
angles with the river. The antechamber is about 8 feet high and 15 feet 
long ; this descends into the Narrows, thence through Grand Avenue to 
a spacious hall called Washington Avenue through which the Altar 
Chamber is reached, where crystal quartz rock, carbonate of lime and 
sulphate of magnesia abound ; and stalactites and stalagmites, continually 
forming by limestone percolations, are everywhere seen. The larger 
portion of the rock formations of the cave are of the kind styled "litho- 
graphic stone." By crawling into the Bat Avenue Chamber stealthily, 
the bats may beseen hanging from the ceiling in clusters like a swarm of bees. 
A few years ago a king bat was caught in this chamber by Wm. J. Marsh, 
Which measured 15 inches from tip to tip. Washington Avenue, over 
16 feet high, with long corridors of stalactites and stalagmites, is the 



352 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 

largest and most spacious of all the divisions of the cave. At one place 
in it is a spring of living water, and at another in a deep pool are found 
the wonderful eyeless fish. Nitre also abounds here in the crude state, 
and saltpetre was manufactured here thirty years ago. Another very inter- 
esting department is the Devil's Hall. This is large, wide and spacious, with 
horizontal ceiling, and smooth, level floor. In the rear of this chamber is. 
"the Alligator Rock, a stone bearing a wonderful resemblance to that 
animal Beyond this is the Elephant's Head, at the confluence of two- 
avenues that lead to regions far beyond. Here also are seen two natural 
wells, which are circular in shape and filled with limpid water. Then 
comes the Table Rock, which is elevated twenty feet above the head, 
with regular steps to ascend on one and descend on the opposite side, 
down to the western terminus of the cave. A visit will amply repay the 
day's time spent in its exploration. This cavern was the rendezvous of 
French Canadians a hundred years ago, and for the Indians long prior 
to that time. In 1840, Dr. Joseph McDowell, of St. Louis, purchased 
it with the intention of using it as a grand museum. Anatomical and 
mineralogical specimens were brought and assigned a place in the cave,, 
and a sarcophagus was cut and the remains of a child were deposited in. 
the Altar Chamber. 

Murphy s Cave, in Ides Hill, near the center of Hannibal, was dis- 
covered in 1872, by some workmen who were digging for fire-clay, and 
is similar to Hannibal Cave. 

Ure's Cave is in the rear of the same hill, but is not so extensive as 
the two just mentioned. 

Lover's Leap, a promontory 300 feet above the Mississippi River, is in 
South Hannibal, and commands a fine view of the city and surrounding 
country 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, hay and fruit. 
In the vicinity of Hannibal there are several fine vineyards, and grapes 
are grown to some extent in every part of the county. Stock-raising,, 
especially of thorough breds^, is an important industry. 

The Mineral Resources consist of coal, clay, limestone and free- 
stone. 

Manufacturing Interests. — Flour, lumber, railroad cars, lime and 
blank books are all manufactured to some extent, and three extensive 
potteries are now in operation in the county. 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $15,750,000.* 

Railroads. — There are 80 miles of railroad in operation, and about 3 
miles in process of construction. The Hannibal and St. Joseph R. R.. 
extends from Hannibal north-west to Palmyra, and from Quincy south- 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, 19,716,976. Bonded debt, ^80,000. Mason township has a railroad debt 
of $200,000, and Liberty township, |85,ooo. The bonded debt of Hannibal is ^240,000. The floating 
debtj $70,000. 



MARION COUNTY. 353 



« 



west to the same point, thence south-west, returning to pass through the 
extreme south-western part of the county. The Missouri, Kansas & 
Texas R. R., from Hannibal, follows the southern line of the county for 
about 12 miles. 

The Toledo, Wabash & Western R. R. has about i mile of road above 
Hannibal, The Quincy, Alton & St. Louis R. R., furnishes a con- 
venient route to Quincy and St. Louis via Hannibal and Fall Creek Junc- 
tion R. R. The Keokuk & St. Louis R. R. passes through the county 
along the Mississippi River, and is now completed and cars are running to 
Hannibal, a distance of 22 miles. The 3 miles remaining will soon be 
completed. The St. Louis, Hannibal & Keokuk R. R., is completed 
from Hannibal south-westwardly to the southern line of Ralls County, 
and when completed will connect with the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 
probably at Dardenne, thus furnishing another direct route to St. Louis. 
The Mississippi Valley & Western R. R. is completed to Hannibal, and 
cars are now running. 

The Exports are wheat, beef, pork and fruits. 

Educational Interests. — There is a growing feeling in favor of 
public schools, and nearly every sub-district is supplied with a comfort- 
able school-house. Excellent teachers are employed, and the schools 
generally are of a high grade, especially in Hannibal and Palmyra, where 
very superior educational advantages are found. 

Barkley, named for its first settler, Levi Barkley, a station on the 
H. & St. J. R. R., 5 miles s. of Palmyra and 10 miles n. w. from Han- 
nibal, is an important shipping point for stock and fruit. 

Bear Creek, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 5 miles w. of Hannibal, has 
1 patent limekiln, i cooper shop, i stone crusher and i lime quarry which 
is extensively worked. 

Benbow, (formerly Midway,) 18 miles n. w. of Palmyra, has i public 
school, 2 churches — Methodist and Presbyterian, 2 stores and 1 wagon shop. 
CaldweU. — See Woodland, 

Ely, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 9 miles s. w. of Palmyra. 
Emerson, 13 miles w, n. w. of Palmyra, was settled at an early day 
by Messrs. True, Jones, McPike and Emerson. It was laid off Jan. 20th, 
1837, and called Houston, but in 1859 the name was changed to Emerson. 
It has I public school, 3 churches — Methodist, Baptist and Christian, 
and 4 stores and several shops. 

Hannibal, in the south-eastern corner of the county, the terminus of 
the H. & St. J. R. R., and the M., K. & T. R. R.,and on the K. & H. 
R. R., is situated on the west bank of the Mississippi River, which is 
bridged at this point, thus making Hannibal the western terminus of the 
T., W. & W., and F. C. Branch of Q., A, & St. L. R. R'ds. It is also the 
northern terminus of the M. , K. & T. R. R. , and present terminus of 
the M., V. & W. R. R., and of the St. L., H. & K. R. R., which is in 



354 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

operation from Frankfort! to Hannibal, a distance of 18 miles. The 
city is built between Halliclay's Hill on the north, and Lover's Leap on 
the south, and is divided by Bear Creek and Ide's Hill into North Han- 
nibal and South Hannibal. It extends two miles back from the river, 
over the valley of the creek and up on the hillsides, making a beautiful 
and picturesque city. In early times it was known as Staveley's Land- 
ing. Lots were sold here to settlers in 1S17, and in 1819 the town was 
regularly laid off by Thos. Bird, on a New Madrid claim. The first 
keel~t)oat was built by Moses D. Bates & Bro., and in 1817 the first 
named built the first log cabin. The oldest portion of the town is near 
the ferry landing; after this Palmyra Avenue was settled and then Main 
Street. For years after its settlement, Indian wigwams dotted the hills 
about it, but they decreased in number as white settlers came in. In 
the fall of 1828, the families of Giles Thompson, Joseph Brashear, Amos 
Gridley, Zachariah G. Draper, Reuben Turner, Theophilus Stone and 
Joshua Mitchell constituted the inhabitants of Hannibal. Mr. Mitchell, 
now (1S74) 70 years old, says when he arrived, the present site of Han- 
nibal was a forest of oak, walnut and hackberry, with a dense underbrush 
of hazel ; and that he rode from St. I^ouis on horseback, finding but 
three settlers between New London and Hannibal — Stephen Dodd, 
Stark Simms and James Mills. In 1S29, Mr. Mitchell built the first 
frame house of the town, and in 1823 Joseph Hamilton the first brick 
house — on the Levee, between Bird and Hill. Joab Smith and Mr. 
Johnson, of St. Louis, in 1833, built the first steam saw-mill, on the 
corner of Main and Broadway, now occupied by Mr. J. Settle's clothing 
store. In 1826, Mr. John Fry and family settled in the town, followed 
by Mr. Robert Buchanan in 1832. 

The commerce of the Upper Mississippi, until 1829, was carried on 
by keel boats, manned chiefly by French Canadians ; ten to twelve days 
were required to make the trip from St. Louis to Hannibal. In 1833 
the inhabitants of the town numbered 35, and i steamboat arrived and 
departed per week. 

The families then residing there, in addition to those already men- 
tioned, were as follows : Samuel Stone, Joseph Craig, Samuel Bowen, 
Abraham Curts, Abner Nash, Isaac Holt, A. McGinnis, John L. Lacy, 
James Clark, John Nelson and James Conroy. In 1837 Thos. E. Brit- 
'tingham arrived from Maryland, and in 1839 he built his present brick 
residence. The same year Dr. B. T. Norton, J. Pierce and William 
Mc Daniel arrived — the latter in a snow storm, and was only able to find 
accommodation for himself and family in an out-house, and it was 
impossible for him to find supplies for man or beast. Bear Creek at that 
time passed in a serpentine course through what is now the chief busi- 
ness part of the town ; South Hannibal was a dense forest, and West 
Hannibal a favorite hunting ground. 



MARION COUNTY. 355 

At quite an early day Dr. Nelson preached to the people, and the first 
church (Methodist) was organized in 1835 by George W. Bouley. In 
1837 Dr. Marks, now (1874) of Webster Groves, organized the first 
Presbyterian church. In 1847 ^ charter was obtained for the H. & St. 
J. R. R., and this secured the future prosperity of the city, and in 1845 
the Keokuk & St. Louis Packet Co. was organized, which added much 
to the business of Hannibal. From 1825 to 1835 New London, Pal- 
myra, Hannibal, Scipio, Marion City and Quincy were the great cities 
of the West, and much jealousy existed between them. In 1825 New 
London and Palmyra were rivals J in 1827 Palmyra and Marion City; 
in 1829 Hannibal and Scipio, and finally a spirited rivalry between Pal- 
myra and Hannibal. The last came off victorious in the succeeding 
decade, and was incorporated as a city in 1839. The oldest settlers now 
living are Thos. E. Brittingham, Joshua Mitchell, John Fry, Robert 
Buchanan, Theophilus Stone, Abraham Curts and John L. Lacy. The 
corporate limits embrace about 3,000 acres of land, and the business of 
the city may be inferred from the following figures: There were sold 
from this place and carried over tlie various railroad lines centering here, 
nearly ioo.,ooo,ooo feet of lumber, 100,000 barrels of lime and 150,000 
barrels of flour, manufactured here ; and many thousand pounds of tobacco. 
There were slaughtered here in 1873, 16,000 hogs and several thousand 
cattle. The city contains about 350 stores and business houses, 2 
extensive car shops, which have turned out some fine palace cars, i large 
foundry and many smaller manufactories. A fine union depot is soon 
to be erected ; also a grand hotel and a capacious grain elevator. There 
are 2 newspapers — the Courier, published by the Winchell & Ebert Printing 
Company, and the Clipper, by Rich & Newberry, 6 public schools and i 
high school — 3,229 children of school age with a regular attend- 
ance of 1,000 (^25,000 are expended annually for school purposes), 
II churches — Baptist, membership 265; Presbyterian, 275; Congrega- 
tional, 350; Episcopal, 200; Lutheran, 75 ; Baptist (col.), 150; Meth- 
odist (col), 260; M. E. Ch. South, 250; M. E. Ch. , 300; Catholic, 
500 adult members; Arch Street Methodist, 100 ; Christian Church, 225. 

The Union Stock Yards are new, admirably arranged, and easy of 
access. 

The North Missouri Fair Grounds are near the city, and have been 
beautifully laid off at an expense of ^60,000. Hannibal now has a 
population of 12,575, and with the natural advantages it possesses, to- 
gether with the intelligence and enterprise which characterize the people, 
its past vigorous growth is but a promise of greater prosperity in the 
future. 

The Hannibal bridge, erected in 1870 and 1871, at a cost of ^485,- 
000, is a combined railroad and highway bridge over the Mississippi, 
and the trains of the C, B. & Q. R. R., and the T., W. & W. R. R. 



356 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

pass over this bridge and through the tunnel, which is cut through Halli- 
day's Hill, i mile above the city, and is 302 feet long, 20 feet high, and 
18 feet wide. 

Hester, 8 miles w. s. w. of Quincy, and 9 miles n. of Palmyra, is a 
new town in the midst of a well timbered and fine agricultural district. 

Naomi, 16 miles n. w. of Palmyra on Troublesome Creek, has been 
recently laid out, and is surrounded by well-cultivated farms. 

Nelsonville, a p. o. 25 miles w. n. w. of Palmyra, is near the north- 
west corner of the county. 

Ne^v Market, 12 miles w. of Palmyra, has i store, i wagon shop, 
and I hotel. This place was laid out November 24th, 1836, by Messrs. 
Hawkins and Burch. 

North River, a p. o. situated in the forks of North River, 9 miles w. 
s. w. of Palmyra, is a comparatively new town. This section of country 
was known as "Turkey Shin," because wild turkeys abounded, and 
regular hunting excursions were made thither by the early inhabitants. 

North River Station, a station on the H. & St. J. R. R., is 9 miles 
from Quincy and 5 miles n. n. e. of Palmyra. 

PALMYRA, the county seat, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 14 miles 
from Hannibal, and 14 from west Quincy, is in the midst of the '' Elm 
Lands," whose marvelous beauty and fertility became, early in the 
settlement of Missouri, an attraction to those seeking homes in the "Far 
West." Great inroads have been made upon these elm forests, and now 
following almost any of the roads leading from the city, are seen farm 
after farm of golden grain, flowery fields of clover, and magnificent 
orchards of fruit, which extend far back into the country. There are 7 
never-failing springs in and around the city, which form the stream 
that runs through the heart of Palmyra, and empties into North River. 
The largest, known as the "town spring," is remembered by many a 
weary traveler, and affords abundant water for the entire city. Hugh 
White was the original owner of the site, and March 24th, 1819, he con- 
veyed it to Samuel K. Caldwell and Obadiah Dickerson, who afterwards 
sold an interest in it to Joel Shaw and John McCune and the location of 
each gentleman's portion was decided by lot. The city is regularly laid 
out and is substantially and tastefully built, having about 30 stores and 
numerous shops, 2 flouring-mills, 2 breweries, i brick yard, 2 pork pack- 
ing houses, 2 banks, 2 public and 2 private schools, and Ingleside Acad- 
emy, under the patronage of the Baptist denomination, Mrs. P. A. Baird 
principal, 11 churches — M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, Reformed, Pres- 
byterian, Episcopal, Lutheran, Catholic, O. S. Presbyterian, also col- 
ored Baptist and Methodist, 2 newspapers, TJie Spectator, published by 
Jacob Losey, and the New Era, by Leflet & Gordon. Population 
about 3,000. During the late Civil War a skirmish occurred at Palmyra 
between Col. Porter's forces (Confederate) and about 80 Federal troops 



MARION COUNTY. 357 

-under Capt. D. Duback, in which i citizen fell and others were wounded. 

Philadelphia, 12 miles w. of Palmyra, was laid out by Wm. Mul- 
dron, Dec. 19th, 1835. It has i Union church, i public school, 3 
stores and several simps. 

Sharpsburg, 5 miles n. w. of Monroe City and 22 miles s. w. of Pal- 
myra, is a small village which was settled at an early day. 

Springdale, on the M., K. & T. R. R. 8 miles w. of Hannibal, is a 
newly laid off town in the center of a fine country. 

Taylor, on the M. P. R. R. 5 miles w. of West Quincy and 6 miles 
Ti. of Palmyra, is a small town laid off and chiefly owned by Capt. Jno. 
Taylor, who settled here in 1820. 

Warren, 15 miles w. s. w. of Palmyra, was laid off in 1844 by 
Messrs. McElroy and Edelin. It is surrounded by a good farming coun- 
try, and contains i church, i public school, i store and several shops. 

'West Ely, 10 miles s. of Palmyra, has 2 stores, several shops, 2 pub- 
lic schools and 2 churches — Lutheran and Presbyterian. 

West Quincy, on the H. & St. J. R. R. has i public school, i 
store, I lumber yard, i planing mill and i union depot. 

Wither's Mills, on the H. & St. J. R. R. 7^ miles from Hannibal 
and the same distance from Palmyra, has i school and i Baptist Church. 

Woodland, (Caldwell,) on the H. & St. J. R. R. 5 miles s. w. of 
Palmyra, has i store, i school-house and a Baptist church. This village 
is surrounded by a rich agricultural country. 



il 



MERCER COUNTY, 

In the northern part of the State, is bounded north by Iowa, east by 
Putnam and Sullivan Counties, south by Grundy, and west by Harrison, 
and contains 283,466 acres. 

Population in 1850, 2,691; in i860, 9,300; in 1870, 11,557, of 
whom 1 1,464 were white, and 93 colored ; 5,948 male, and 5,609 female; 
11,407 native (5,239 born in Missouri), and 140 foreign. 

History. — What is now Mercer County was settled in 1837, when it 
formed a part of Grundy. The Sioux, Foxes and Pottawatamies, who 
then occupied the region, and with whom considerable trade was carried 
on, generally lived on amicable terms with the settlers, but occasionally 
some petty quarrel would arise at the trading posts. One of these led to 
the killing of an Indian at Pleasanton, in 1845, ^^^ shortly after they 
were removed to Iowa. The county was organized Feb. 14th, 1845, ^^^ 
named in honor of Gen. Mercer, of Revolutionary fame. The county 
seat was located at Princeton, Feb. ist, 1847. A few of the early settlers 
still remain in the county, among themT. B. Harrington, who has been 
justice of the peace for 22 years — Squire Thompson, John Etherton, Sen., 
Joseph Speer, Charles Thompson, Sebird Rhea, Jackson Pritchard, Peter 
Cain and Joseph M. Sallee. 

This county participated in the Mormon War in 1837. (See Caldwell 
County pp. 87 and 88). As the Saints were en route to Utah, a small com- 
pany halted here for a while, and some of the settlers made their first 
start toward fortune in trading with them. In 1846, a company was 
raised in this vicinity for the Mexican War. The late Civil War called 
forth a large number of the able-bodied men in the county. Compara- 
tively few — perhaps 50 — espoused the Confederate cause, while at least 
2 full regiments enlisted under the old flag, and at many of the hardest 
fought battles of the war, Shiloh, Fort Donelson, Franklin, Little Rock, 
Helena, Vicksburg and others, they bore themselves like heroes. 
Mercer brought no shame to the R-evolutionary name she bore, for her 
quotas were always filled, though she paid her tribute of blood for a 
united country. 

Physical Features. — The face of the country is undulating, watered 
by numerous streams flowing in a southerly direction. East Fork of 
Grand or Weldon, passes through the central part and has numerous small 
tributaries. On a portion of the western boundary is Thompson's Fork 
of Grand River, and its chief tributaries on the east are Quicksand and 
Martin's Creeks. In the eastern part are Muddy, Honey and Medicine 



362 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Creeks, and many smaller streams. The Ravanna Prairie, very beautiful 
and productive, occupies a great portion of the county east of the Wel- 
don River, while in the west is the Goshen Prairie, by many considered 
the land of promise of Mercer County. The soil is a rich loam inter- 
spersed with sand and white oak clay lands. There is little or no poor 
land, and much of the richest is still uncultivated. 

The streams are generally skirted by a fine growth of timber from i to 
3 miles wide on either side, consisting of the several varieties of oak, 
also walnut, hickory, ash, maple, basswood, etc. These lands, when 
cleared, make good farms, almost every acre being arable. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, rye, fruits 
and stock. The people are awake to the improvements in husbandry, 
and by the aid of good machinery, are making some of the finest farms 
in the West. The grasses succeed admirably, and water being abundant, 
the farmers are giving increased attention to stock-raising, introducing 
some fine blooded animals, the raising of which is becoming a specialty 
in several parts of the county. 

Mineral Resources. — Mercer is underlaid by coal, which is yet 
undeveloped. Good limestone and sandstone are abundant, also fire clay. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of flouring, lumber and 
woolen-mills. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $4,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The South-western Division of the Chicago & Rock 
Island R. R. has about 25 miles of track passing from north to south 
through the county. 

The Exports consist of live stock, grain, lumber and fruit. During 
the winter of 1873, $200,000 worth of timber was sold, including wood, 
rails, ties, etc., and over ;^io,ooo worth of hoop-poles were shipped. 

Educational Interests. — This county has a good school fund which 
has been very well managed. There are 72 sub-districts, all of which 
have substantial buildings, and the people are thoroughly alive to the 
necessity of public schools. When the school fund has proved insuf- 
ficient, to their honor let it be written, they have made up the deficiency 
by special taxation. 

Cleopatra, 20 miles n. e. of Princeton, and 6 miles from Lineville, 
contains 2 stores and a population of about 100. There is a strong sul- 
phur spring 23^ miles n. e. of this village. 

Cotton\vood, on the C. R. I. & P. R. R., 6 miles n. of Princeton, 
has I store and i saw-mill. Population, about 100. 

Goshen, 6 miles w. of Princeton, surrounded by one of the best 
farming regions in the county, has 2 stores, several shops, i church and 
a population of about 100. 

♦ Assessed valuation for 1873, ^2,623.214. Taxation, $1.20 per ^100. Bonded debt, ^200,000. 



MERCER COUNTY. 363 

Half Rock, 15 miles s. e. of Princeton, has i store, and is surrounded 
by a fine farming country. 

Honey, a post-office 9 miles s. e. of Princeton. 

Lineville, on the Iowa Line, and on the C. R. I. & P. R. R., 16 miles 
n. of Princeton. Population, about 500. 

Middlebury, in the extreme southern part of the county, 3 miles n. e. 
of Spickardsville, its nearest railroad station, and 10 miles s. of Prince- 
ton, is a trading point for the surrounding country. It has i store and 
about 75 inhabitants. 

Mill Grove, on the C. R. I. & P. R. R., 9 miles s. of Princeton, is a 
thriving town and has a good flouring-mill, a steam saw-mill, 3 stores 
and several shops. Population, about 200. 

Modena, 9 miles s. w. of Princeton, in a fine farming country, has 

2 stores, several shops and about 100 inhabitants. 

Pleasanton, on the Iowa line, 15 miles n. w. of Princeton, is a 
thriving village of several hundred inhabitants. 

PRINCETON, the county seat, situated near the center of the 
county, on the east bank of the Weldon River, and on the C. R. I. & 
P. R. R., 402 miles from Chicago and 300 miles from St. Louis, was 
settled in 1840, incorporated in 1857, and now has a population of over 
1,000. It is a growing town, and has an excellent high and one district 
school, 2 churches — Baptist and M. E. Ch., 25 stores, i fine flouring- 
mill with steam and water power, i wagon and 2 saddle and harness shops, 

3 lumber yards, 2 newspapers — The Advance, C. E. Buren and W. L. 
Robertson, editors, and The Telegraph, L. W. Brannon, editor. There 
is an abundance of timber in the vicinity, also good building stone, and 
the Weldon River furnishes excellent water power at this point. During 
the year 1873, ?55)Ooo was spent in improving and building. 

Ravanna, on Ravanna Prairie, 10 miles n. e. of Princeton, its usual 
railroad station, is the second town in the county. It was settled in 
1856 by Wm. R. McKinley, who laid off the town in 1857. It was in- 
corporated in 1869 and has a population of about 300. It is surrounded 
by a wealthy agricultural community, and contains 2 churches — M. E. Ch. 
and Baptist, i public school, 6 stores and 5 shops, and is on the line of 
the projected B. & S. W. R. R. 

Saline, a post-ofiice 14 miles n. w. of Princeton. 



MILLER COUNTY, 

In the central part of the State, is bounded on the north by Morgan, 
Moniteau and Cole Counties, east by Cole, Osage and Maries, south by 
Pulaski and Camden, and west by Camden and Morgan Counties, and 
contains 374,628 acres. 

Population in 1840,2,282; in 1850,3,834; in i860, 6,812; in 
1870, 6,616, of whom 6,440 were white and 176 colored; 3,404 male, 
and 3,212 female; 6,489 native, (4080 born in Missouri) and 127 for- 
eign. 

History. — From the camp of a hunting post grew the first settlements 
made in this county, though it is not probable that these sportsmen con- 
tinued to live any length of time in such a manner, but finding the 
Indian hunting grounds good, and returning from season to season, some 
of these trappers concluded to make it their home ; and Seneca R. Y. 
Day and others settled in what is now Miller County, in 1815. About 
1819, A. J. Lindley became a "squatter" near the mouth of the Big 
Tavern Creek, but where he came from or where he went to, tradition 
fails to inform us. About* 1 821 Wm. and Boyd Miller settled on or near 
Spring Garden Prairie in the north-east portion of the county (then How- 
ard). Boyd Miller died there some years ago, but William is still living, 
a venerable and respected " pioneer." 

These were followed by Samuel Richardson, Maston Burris, John 
Brockman, Isaac Bass and Hugh Challes, all of whom made settlements 
on the Osage River between 1828 and 1833. 

John Wilson and his family settled on Tavern Creek about 1822. The 
first winter he, with his wife and children, camped in what is still known 
as Wilson's Cave, situated 30 feet above the bottoms of Tavern Creek, 
near the mouth of Barren Fork. He was known in the neighborhood as 
''Uncle Jack," and his wife as "Aunt Nellie." Testimonials of this 
unpretending pioneer's real worth are recorded by one of his con- 
temporaries in language too sincere to be omitted. This old neighbor 
says of Mr. Wilson : " He fed the hungry, visited the sick and clothed 
the naked." He died in 1857 at the residence of John Brumley, and in 
accordance with his expressed wish, his body was placed in a coffin 
which he had prepared 15 years before, and entombed in a little cave to the 
right of the one in which he had once lived. The mouth of this natural 
sepulchre was then walled up and cemented. He left directions that at 
his burial, a good dinner, " with something to wash it down," should be 
furnished to those who attended, all of which was done. 



366 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

The settlers experienced no trouble from Indian depredations, as but 
few Indians remained here at the dates above referred to, but among those 
who did remain, "Joe Munsey " was most prominent, having served under 
Jackson at the battle of New Orleans. 

This county, named in honor of ex-Gov. Miller, was organized Feb. 6th, 
1837, that part lying north of the Osage being taken from Cole County, 
and that part lying south of the river from Pulaski. In its early settle- 
ment there were no mills nearer than 30 or 40 miles, and groceries were 
packed from Jefferson City, and paid for in peltries, furs and venison 
hams. 

The county was not the scene of any important battles during the late 
Civil War, but was continually overrun by bushwhacking and marauding 
bands, and lost many valuable citizens and much property. Traces of 
those troubled times are still preceptible. 

Physical Features. — The surface varies in elevation from 40 or 50 
to over 600 feet above the level of the Missouri at the mouth of the 
Osage, the lowest portion being in the valley of the latter stream. 
Near the Osage and its larger tributaries the country is generally very 
broken and rocky, excepting immediately in the valleys ; but further back, 
slopes usually become more gentle, with fewer exposures of rock, until we 
reach the richer districts, more remote from streams, where the surface is 
comparatively level or slightly undulating. 

The largest stream is the Osage River, which passes diagonally through 
the county near the middle, in a north-easterly direction. Being naviga- 
ble for small steamboats at high water as far up as Osceola, in St. Clair 
County, it is of much value to the county as an outlet for its surplus pro- 
ducts, and for the return of such freights as the trade of the interior 
demands. 

Its principal accessions from the north are through Little Gravois and 
Saline Creeks and their numerous tributaries ; also Jim Henry, Cub and 
Little Tavern Creeks ; from the south. Bear, Dog, Cat-tail, Coon, Pan- 
ther, Humphrey and Lick Creeks ; its largest tributary is Tavern, which 
flows in a devious course from the south-east corner of the county north- 
wardly, debouching near the north-eastern boundary ; of its numerous 
tributaries. Barren Fork is the largest coming from the south-west, and 
from the south-east it is augmented by Fork of Tavern, Sandstone, 
Bolin and Little Tavern Creeks, besides various smaller Branches from 
both the east and west. The northern part of the county is well 
watered by South Fork of Moreau, Blyth's Fork of Moreau and East 
Branch of Brush, and the south-west by Grand Auglaize and its numerous 
tributaries. In addition to the many clear streams, fine, never-failing 
springs abound in all parts of the county, many of these affording extra- 
ordinary quantities of water of great value for driving machinery, as they 
generally continue to flow independent of rains or drouth, and their 



MILLER COUNTY. 367 

temperature being from 58° to 62°, of course they never freeze. Some 
of these large springs are now utilized as water power. 

This country is well supplied with fine timber of various kinds. The 
prairie land is of small extent, nearly all of which is located on the high 
country in the north-western townships. Some portions, however, south 
of the Osage, partake, more or less, of the character of prairie, the trees 
being so scattering as to allow a dense growth of tall grass over the high 
country and along the slopes. In the valleys of Osage River, and Auglaize 
and Tavern Creeks, as well as in those of nearly all the streams of any extent, 
there is a fine growth of large timber. It generally consists of red, burr, 
and black oak, American and red elm, white and black walnut, sugar 
and soft maple, ash, sycamore, hickory, honey locust, hackberry, bass- 
wood, cherry, buckeye, etc. 

In the district known as the "Big and Little Rich Woods," in the 
southern part of the county, the large growth of timber is not everywhere 
confined to the valleys, but at many places extends over the higher coun- 
try. In the valleys of the Osage and those of all the other streams, there 
is a rich alluvial soil, and in the higher districts are also areas of consid- 
erable extent, of fine arable lands, especially in the north-western and 
south-eastern townships. In the latter locality is " Big and Little Rich 
Woods," and in these the soil is of excellent quality, and the growth of 
timber larger than in much of the surrounding country. 

On the north side of the Osage, in the region of Pleasant Mount and 
Rocky Mount, on the high divide between the streams flowing north- 
eastward to the Moreau, and those flowing to the Osage on the south, 
there is a fine district of good land. In various other parts of the county 
there are smaller areas of good land, and even those districts too hilly 
and rocky for the plow, are admirably adapted to stock-grazing and 
grape-culture. 

There are several caves in the county, the largest of which is on the 
Big Tavern Creek, in the bluff near its confluence with the Osage River. 
The entrance is about 25 feet square, and 30 to 40 feet above the river in 
a solid limestone blufl", and is reached by means of a ladder, but as yet it 
has been only partially explored. During the late Civil War it was used 
as a safe retreat by the " bandit " Crabtree. The stalactite formations 
are of weird and strange appearance, some of them looking like colossal 
images of marble, and the whole effect by torch-light is solemn if not 
awful, so strong is the resemblance of these natural formations to the 
work of the sculptor's hand. Further up the stream are two other large 
caves, but little explored. One is used by a German as a brewery. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, rye, oats, tobacco, 
potatoes, beans, etc. Hay of a very fine quality, clover, timothy, red-top 
and hungarian, is grown with great success, and meadows are becoming 
very extensive. 



368 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

Among fruits, apples, peaches, pears, cherries and plums are raised very 
successfully. Vineyards are few in number, but very productive. 

There is considerable Government Land in the county, but most of 
it is of inferior quality. 

The Mineral Resources are varied and rich. Lead\i2& been known 
to exist in different parts of iL^ county for a great many years, attracting 
but little attention until 1869-70. In the latter year, H. A. Cugwin 
erected the Pioneer Furnace on Saline Creek, 4 miles n. e. of Tuscumbia. 
Soon afterwards, Messrs. Johnston, Durbin and Blackburn erected the 
Buckeye furnace, a mile further north-west. These furnaces smelted a 
large amout of ore obtained from mines opened along the creek. 

In 1873, W. A. Hackney discovered on his farm a lead mine, which he 
is working profitably. The lead deposits seem to be principally on the 
north side of the Osage, though it is found in small quantities on the south 
side of the river, and in other localities on the waters of Auglaize Creek. 

Large deposits of hematite and specular iron have been known to exist 
in this county since 1836. In 1857 Charles Semple, an enterprising gentle- 
man of St. Louis, selected iron lands near and south of Tuscumbia, but 
died before he could develop them ; they had been developed sufficiently, 
however, to show their immense richness. In 1872, iron was discovered 
near the south-east corner of the county, but has not been worked. The 
South Western Iron Company, in 1873, "^^.r this locality developed some 
very rich banks, reporting one seam of at least 18 feet in thickness. Bitu- 
minous coal is found near the iron banks in the south-eastern part of the 
county. T. D. Garner struck the second vein 60 feet below the surface, 
and 12 feet in thickness. 

Manufacturing Interests. — There are two smelting furnaces in the 
county, one on Big Saline Creek, about 4 miles north from Tuscumbia, 
the other about one mile above, on the same stream and near the Great 
Sulphur Spring ; also several grist and saw-mills, two carding machines 
and a wool factory. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;$2, 100,000.* 

The Exports are cattle, horses, mules, sheep, hogs, hides, pork, bacon, 
wheat, oats, tobacco, potatoes, apples, peaches, iron ore and lead, the first 
and last named being the principal items. 

Educational Interests. — Public schools are very generally organized 
and well attended. There are 53 sub-districts, some have six months and 
all four months school in each year. In Pleasant Mount and Tuscumbia 
fine brick school-houses have been erected, and in the former town a 
graded school is established 10 months in the year. 

Bliss, a post-office 16 miles w. of Tuscumbia. A church near is known 
as the Blue Spring Church. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, 1^1,876,992. Taxation, Ji.oo per |ioo. The county is out of debt. 



MILLER COUNTY. 369 

Brumley, (Mill Creek, Thompson's Store,) 12 miles south of Tuscum- 
"bia, contains i general store. 

Fair Play, an old store-house on the Osage River ^ mile above St. 
Elizabeth. 

Iberia, (Oakhurst,) 10 miles from Crocker its nearest railroad station, 
and 16 miles s. e. of Tuscumbia, was settled in 1856, is located in a 
wealtliy district, and contains a church, Masonic hall, 4 stores and i sad- 
dler shop. 

Little Gravois, a post-office 8 miles w. of Tuscumbia. 

Locust Mound, 12 miles n. of Tuscumbia near Spring Garden, where 
there is a seminary, contains i general store. 

Pleasant Farm, a post-office 6 miles s. e. of Tuscumbia. 

Pleasant Mount, 12 n. n. w. of Tuscumbia, was laid out by Andrew 
Burris in 1838 and incorporated in 1869. It is a prairie town, and sur- 
rounded by one of the wealthiest and most enterprising farming sections 
of the county. In the town and vicinity are 5 churches — i Congrega- 
tional, 2 Christian, i Baptist, i M. E. Ch. and a good public school. 
The Miller County Agricultural and Horticultural Society hold their 
meetings here and are well attended. There is in the place i wool card- 
ing and I flouring mill, 2 hotels, 7 stores, 2 wagon and i saddler's shop, 
.a Masonic hall and Odd Fellows hall. Population, about 200. 

Rocky Mount, 20 miles w. n. w. of Tuscumbia, is situated between 
the breaks of the Osage River and the Prairie, and contains i store. 

St. Elizabeth, on the south bank of the Osage River 18 miles below 
Tuscumbia, was laid out by Owen Riggs in 1869, and has i store and a 
Catholic church, the only one in the county. Population, about 60. 

TUSCUMBIA, the county seat, beautifully located on the north 
bank of the Osage River, 35 miles s. w. of Jefferson City, is the first settled 
place in the county. The town was laid out on land donated to the 
-county in 1837 by J, B. Hanson; it was incorporated in 1856, and has a 
population of about 200. The business houses fill up the narrow bottom 
between the river and the hills, which rise nearly 200 feet, affording 
fine sites for residences and public buildings, the court-house occupying 
one of the most commanding. The town contains a good public school, 
3 stores, I saw and grist-mill, i carpenter, i saddler and i wagon shop, 
1 livery stable, i newspaper — The Vidette, published by R. Goodrich, and 
several small business houses, Mr. Burd Bass is said to have felled the 
first tree on the ground where Tuscumbia now stands. 

Ulman's Ridge, a post-office 8 miles south of Tuscumbia. 



MISSISSIPPI COUNTY, 

In the most eastern portion of the State, opposite the mouth of the Ohio 
River, is bounded north by Scott County and the Mississippi River 
which separates it from Illinois, east and south by the Mississippi River 
which separates it from Kentucky, and west by New Madrid and Scott 
Counties, and contains 253,440 acres. 

Population in 1850, 3,123; in i860, 4,859; in 1870, 4,982, of whom 
4,063 were white, and 919 colored; 2,692 male, and 2,290 female; 
4,797 native (2,138 born in Missouri), and 185 foreign. 

History.— The American State papers relate that John Johnson settled 
at Bird's Point, opposite Cairo, Aug. 6th, 1800, by virtue of a grant 
from Henry Peyroux, commandant under the Spanish Government, 
but authorities conflict, and it seems doubtful to whom belongs the 
honor of making the first settlement in this county. Andrew Ramsey, 
of Henderson County, Kentucky, and his sons, John, Andrew and James, 
located at the present site of Norfolk in 1800. These men were ''mighty 
hunters," and delighted to contest with both the red men and the wild 
beasts the possession of the soil. The following year Edward Mathews, 
from Lexington, Ky., settled with his wife and son on the prairie which 
still bears his name, one mile east of the present town of Charleston. 
The son, Edward N. Mathews, was the first magistrate in the new settle- 
ments, and in 1808, performed the first marriage ceremony which took 
place there, the parties being Absalom McElmurry and Elizabeth Gray. 
From 1802 until 1805, Charles Gray, Joseph Smith, John Weaver and 
Geo. Hacker, with their families, located on Mathews Prairie, and 
Mr. James Lucas on a bend in the river, since known as Lucas' Bend. 
In 1808, Abraham Bird, who, with his 4 sons, had in 1795 removed 
from Virginia to Cairo, began to make improvements at a point opposite 
on the Missouri shore, known still as Bird's Point. For 50 years this 
was the home of Mr. John Bird, and is now the property of his son, 
Mr. Thompson Bird. Abraham Hunter made a permanent settlement in 
1804. When the Cairo & Fulton R. R. was opened, July 4th, 1859, the 
old gentleman, who had resided in the county for 55 years, was gratified 
by seeing his own name, "Abraham Hunter," blazoned upon the loco- 
motive. He greeted its arrival in a short and appropriate speech, in 
which he said it was the proudest day of his life, and closed with these 
words : "May this iron horse survive to slake his thirst from the waters 
of the Pacific." In 1812, Newman Beckwith and his four sons, from 
Virginia, all enterprising men, settled and cultivated extensive farms at 
different points along the river from Norfolk to the foot of Wolf s Island, 



372 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

and in 1815, Absalom McElmurry and family settled at Mathews Prairie. 
Of these, two sons are still living, the Hon, Thos. Scott and Absalom, 
the former being the oldest living inhabitant who was born in the county. 
Other early settlers whose families or descendants still reside in the county, 
were the Rushes, Stanleys, Dysons, Kennedys, Moores, Crenshaws and 
Swanks. 

The county was organized Feb. 14th, 1845, ^^om a part of Scott. 
From this time for nearly 20 years the county enjoyed uninterrupted pros- 
perity, growing steadily in population and wealth, but from the commence- 
ment of the late Civil War, her soil was alternately overrun and 
devastated by both armies. It was here, near the town of that name, 
that the battle of* Belmont was fought, noted less for its importance than 
for being the first decided encounter along the Mississippi River. Much 
of the time during the war, the county was occupied by soldiers, and the 
people suffered the consequences of such occupancy. Since its close, 
prosperity has returned, and by the united efforts of the citizens the 
county has assumed her former place. 

Physical Features. — Having a river front of 75 miles, and being 
intersected by numerous bayous, the county consists mainly of bottom 
lands, which are very rich and productive. The surface is drained by a 
number of lakes, ponds and bayous, chief among which are St. James 
Bayou, Ten Mile, Four Mile, and Eagle Ponds and Cypress Lake. 
There are a great number of the so-called Indian Mounds scattered 
over the county. The land is heavily timbered, principally with cotton- 
wood, black walnut, black and honey locust, white, red, black, burr, 
chinquapin and post oak, sugar maple and maple, hickory, mulberry, cof- 
fee-bean, sweet and black gum, pecan, persimmon, papaw and dogwood. 
There are also extensive cypress groves which are a striking feature in the 
topography of the county. There are 3 small prairies in the county, 
Mathews, north of the center, and Long and East Prairies in the 
western part, averaging 4 to 6 square miles each, and occasionally inter- 
spersed with groves of timber. The soil is warm, rich and sandy, well 
adapted to vegetables and fruits of all kinds, as well as grains. 

Agricultural Productions. — Corn is the staple, yielding from 40 
to 100 bushels per acre. Barley, oats and rye do well, also sorghum, 
castor beans, tobacco, timothy and the coarser grasses. Cotton grows 
well for the latitude, producing from 400 to 500 pounds to the acre. 
Wheat succeeds on the prairies. Hemp and tobacco are cultivated only 
to a limited extent, the objection being that they grow too rank. Veg- 
etables sometimes attain an almost fabulous size. Peaches, apples, pears, 
quinces and the smaller fruits all succeed remarkably. The Cairo, 
Arkansas & Texas R. R. has about 10,000 acres of good land in this 
county, which they offer for sale on liberal terms.* 

*For full particulars, terms, prices, etc., see Appendix. 



MISSISSIPPI COUNTY. 373 

The Manufacturing Interests are confined to a few saw and grists 
mills. Wagons, buggies and farm implements are manufactured in 
Charleston on a small scale. 

Wealth.— Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $4,125,000. 

Railroads.— The St. Louis & Iron Mountain R. R. has 21 miles of 
track in the county, and the Cairo, Arkansas & Texas R. R. 17 miles, 

total 38 miles. 

The Exports.- Corn is the principal one, but cotton, pecans, pota- 
toes and other vegetables, and walnut lumber are also exported. 

The Educational Interests.— Increased attention is being paid to 
education. There are already 30 schools in the different sub-districts, of 
which 4 are for colored children, besides a few select schools. 

Belmont, the so«th-eastern terminus of the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 195 
miles from St. Louis, is situated on the Mississippi River, and was named 
in honor of Auguste Belmont of New York. It has i hotel, 2 stores, 2 
public schools and i M. E. Church. Population, about 300. 

Bertrand, on the C. A. & T. R. R. 5 miles w. of Charleston, laid out 
in 1859 by Col. H. J. Deal, contains i store, i hotel, i church— M. E., 
and I public school. Population, about 100. 

Birdville.— See Greenfield. 

CHARLESTON, the county seat and principal town in the county, 
on Mathews Prairie, at the junction of the St. L. & I. M. R. R. with the C. 
A. & T. R. R., II miles s. w. of Cairo, 111., and 178 miles s. e. of St. Louis, 
was laid out in 1837 by Joseph Moore, J. L. Moore and Wesley P. Bar- 
nard, and incorporated in 1856. It is a very thriving place surrounded by 
a fine and well settled agricultural country, and contains 12 stores, i grist- 
mill, 3 hotels, a jail costing $9,000, 3 churches— M. E. Ch. South, Catho- 
lic and Baptist, aggregate value about $15,000, i public school with 130 
pupils, I good private school— the Charleston Academy, and ji news- 
paper— r^^ Courier, published by H. C. Underwood. Population, 

about 1,000. 

Greenfield, (Birdville,) on the C. A. & T. R. R. opposite Cairo, 
with which it is connected by ferry, and 10 miles e. n. e. of Charleston, 
is a new village containing i hotel, i general store and I livery stable. 
Population, about 40. 

Henson, a station on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., 8 miles s. e. of 

Charleston. 

Houghs, a station on the C. A. & T. R. R. 6 miles e. n. e. of 
Charleston. 

James Bayou, (St. James,) on the Mississippi River, at the mouth 
of St. James Bayou, 20 miles s. of Charleston, has 2 stores, i hotel, i 
steam and saw-mill and i public school. Populaiion, about 75. 

•Assessed valuation in 1873, 11,500,000. Taxation, jSi. 35 pe>- •too. Floating debt, |20.ooo. 



374 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Norfolk, on the Mississippi River, 7 miles by river s. of Greenfield, 
the oldest settled town in the county, has i store and i public school, and 
a population of about 50. 

St. James. — See James Bayou. 

Texas Bend, in Tywappity Bottom, 5 miles n. e. of Charleston, 
inhabited chiefly by Germans, has i church — Catholic, and i public 
school. Population, about 150. 

"Wolf Island, on the Mississippi River 8 miles below Belmont, has a 
dry goods stores, 2 warehouses and a seminary. 



MONITEAU COUNTY, 

In the central part of the State, is bounded north by Cooper County and 
the Missouri River, which separates it from Boone, east by Cole, south by 
Miller and Morgan, and west by Morgan and Cooper, and contains 
262,443 acres. 

Population in 1850, 6,004; in i860, 10,124; in 1870, 11,375, of 
whom 10,496 were white, and 879 colored ; 5756 male and 5619 female ; 
10,203 native, (6,912 born in Missouri) and 1,172 foreign. 

History. — ^The early settlers were chiefly from Kentucky and Ten- 
nessee. Among the first who came were John Inglish, Thomas Smith, 
Vivian Alexander and others. Later, many thrifty Germans, attracted 
by the advantages offered for fruit-growing, settled in the county. 

Moniteau, doubtless a corruption of Manito, the Indian name for the 
Deity, was organized from Cole and Morgan, Feb. 14th, 1845. The old 
counties bitterly opposed the formation of a new one, and this was not 
accomplished until after a ten years' struggle, and then only by tack- 
ing it to an "Omnibus Bill," forming sixteen new counties. 

During the late Civil War portions of both armies passed and repassed 
through Moniteau, but only one slight skirmish occurred, at California 
in Oct. 1864, during Gen. Price's raid. 

Physical Features. — The eastern, central and a portion of the north- 
ern part of the county is woodland with a light soil, excepting the bot- 
toms and flats, where it is deep and rich. The southern, western and part 
of the northern portion is productive, rolling prairie, with some fine 
groves of timber. The bottom lands of the Missouri, Moniteau, 
Moreau and smaller streams are inexhaustible in richness. The chief 
streams are Little Saline, Splice, Moniteau, North Moreau, Clifty, Har- 
ris, Big Branch, Straight Fork, Smith's Fork, Willow Fork and Burris' 
Fork. Good water is found by digging from 10 to 35 feet, and there are 
numerous fine springs ; several of these, in the south-eastern part of the 
county, afford excellent water power. Timber is abundant, and con- 
sists of the various kinds of oak, white and black walnut, hickory, elm, 
maple and sycamore. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn,"oats, flax, tobacco 
and potatoes. Some barley is raised ; also rye, hemp, broom-corn, sweet 
potatoes, buckwheat and beans. The grasses are cultivated largely, and 
improved breeds of stock have been introduced. Great attention is paid 
to raising fine mules, and sheep-raising receives some attention. Fruits 
succeed well, especially the grape. 



376 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

The Mineral Resources are confined chiefly to coal and lead, and'. 
a few large deposits of barytes. From present developments the coal 
appears to be in " pockets." The largest of these yet discovered is about 
14 miles south-west of California, where a fine article of cannel coal, 
veined with lead, is being mined. A mine 2^ miles south-east of 
Tipton yields an excellent bituminous coal, large quantities of which are 
shipped from Tipton. There are several coal mines in the vicinity of 
California, which are being profitably worked. The High Point Lead' 
Mines — a circular "chimney" about 180 feet in diameter, near the vil- 
lage of High Point — were profitably worked about 20 years ago. Of 
late years they have lain idle, but they have recently been leased, and 
mining operations will soon be commenced. The West Mines, 7 miles, 
south-south-east of California, have been profitably worked for 5 years, 
and there are several other points where lead is found in paying quan- 
tities. Excellent potters* clay is found 3 miles west of California. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of i paper mill, located on 
Moreau Creek 3 miles south of California, 5 steam flouring-mills, several 
saw, 2 carding and i flax-mill. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $7,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The Missouri Pacific R. R. passes through the central 
part of the county from east to west, having 26 miles, and the Boonville 
Branch from Tipton north, having 2 miles of track. The Osage Valley 
& Southern Kansas R. R. is projected south from Tipton, and is graded 
about 40 miles, 7 miles of which are in Moniteau County. 

The Exports are live stock, flax seed, flour, wool, com, rye, oats- 
and lead. 

Educational Interests. — There are more than 80 comfortable 
school buildings, and the public school system is growing in favor. 

CALIFORNIA, the county seat, surrounded by an excellent farm- 
ing country, is situated near the center of the county, on the M. P. 
R. R., 150 miles from St. Louis, and was laid off in 1845, ^^^ ^' ^"^^^ 
called Boonsborough. It was incorporated Nov. 14th, 1857, and con- 
tains an excellent court-house, i handsome public school building, whick 
cost 1^23,000, 4 churches — Baptist, Methodist, German Lutheran and 
German Reformed, i bank and 3 steam flouring-mills. Population, about 
1,600, of whom a large proportion are Germans. 

Clarksburgh, (Moniteau Station,) on fhe M. P. R. R., 6 miles w. 
of California, has i machine shop, i Union church, i furniture and agri- 
cultural implement manufactory. Population, about 200. 

High Point, 12 miles s. of California, has 2 churches — Methodist 
and Presbyterian, i good school-house and a flax-mill. Population, 
about 300. 

•Assessed valuation in 1873, ^3,589,515. Taxation, ^.95 per ;^ioo. No debt. 



MONITEAU COUNTY, 377 

Highland. — See McGirks. 

Jamestown, 11 miles n. n. e. of California, is a thriving village, 
having a population of about 300. It has 2 churches — i public school, 
I steam flouring and saw-mill, and i carding machine. 

McGirks, (Highland,) a station on the M. P. R. R., 6 miles e. of 
California. 

Magnolia, a post-office 8 miles s. s. w. of California. 

Sandy Hook, a landing on the Missouri River, 12 miles n. e. of 
California. 

Tipton, at the junction of the Boonville Branch with the M. P. 
R. R., 162 miles from St. Louis, is surrounded by a fine country, and 
has 4 churches — Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist and Catholic, and i 
bank. It is an important shipping point, and is the terminus of the pro- 
jected O. V. & S. K. R. R. It has twice, in 1867 and 1873, suffered by- 
fire. Population, about 900. 



MONROE COUNTY, 

In the north-east-central part of the State, is bounded north by Shelby 
and Marion, east by Ralls, south by Audrain and west by Randolph and 
Shelby Counties, and contains 422,455 acres. 

Population.— In 1840, 9,505 ; in 1850, 10,541 ; in i860, 14,785 ; 
in 1870, 17,149, of whom 15,144 were white, and 2,005 colored; 9,014 
male, and 8,135 female ; 16,624 native (10,601 born in Missouri,) and 
525 foreign. 

History. — The first white settlers in what is now Monroe County were 
two families named Smith, two named Wittenburger, and one named Gil- 
let, who came in 1819, the first from Tennessee, the latter from some of 
the Eastern States, and settled on the North Fork of Salt River in the 
north-eastern part of the county. 

Monroe was organized from Ralls County, January 6th, 1 831, at which 
time it contained several thousand inhabitants, principally settlers from 
Kentucky, Virginia and the Eastern States. 

During the first two years of the Civil War, the Confederates occupied 
the county, and several slight skirmishes occurred. After this, the Fede- 
rals held possession until the surrender. 

Physical Features. — The country near the streams is hilly, elsewhere 
it is about equally divided between rolling prairie and timber lands. 
Along the streams are fertile bottom lands. The soil is a clayey loam, • 
and, except on the bluffs and breaks of the streams, it is rich and produc- 
tive. The prevailing rock is limestone. The county is well watered by 
Salt River and its tributaries, chief of which are Lost Branch, Reese's 
Fork, Elk Fork, Flat Creek, Middle Fork and Crooked Creek, affording 
in the eastern portion abundant power for flouring and saw-mills. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, rye, tobacco 
and fruits, nearly every farm having an orchard which yields generously. 
Blue grass grows spontaneously, and is a very important item since this is 
one of the principal stock counties of the State, improved breeds of cattle, 
horses, hogs and sheep, being well represented. 

About one-twentieth of the county is not susceptible of cultivation, but 
not over one-eighth of the arable land is being worked. The Hannibal & 
St. Joseph R. R, Co. have about 1,000 acres of good land for sale in this 
county. Land is worth from $2 to ;g2o per acre, according to quality, 
location and state of improvement. 

Mineral Resources. — Bituminous coal of good quality is abundant 
in nearly every township of the county save the northern tier, but no efforts 



38o • CAMPBELL'S GAZE T TEE Ji OE MISSOURL 

have been made at mining except where it lies near the surface. Red 
hematite ore, which has been found about 3 miles west of Paris and 
near Madison, is said to exist in paying quantities, and a sample of the 
same inspected at St. Louis, is pronounced to contain 85 per cent, of 
pure iron. A good quality of potters' clay is found in many places. 

The Manufacturing Interests are confined to agricultural imple- 
ments, wagon and plow manufactories, saw and grist-mills and woolen 
factories. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^10,550,000.* 

Railroads. — The Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R., (late Hannibal & 
Missouri Central,) passes through the county entering at the north-eastern 
corner, and has 40^ miles of track. The Hannibal and St. Joseph R. 
R. has 4j^ miles in the north-eastern part of the county. The projected 
line of the St. Paul, Keosauqua & St. Louis R. R. passes across the 
eastern part of the county, and when completed will have about 30 miles 
of road. The railroad debt is ^250, 000, which is mostly held by citizens 
of the county. These bonds are eagerly sought at par, accrued interest 
added. They have never been contested. 

The Exports are principally wheat, corn, oats, horses, cattle, mules, 
hogs, sheep and tobacco. 

Educational Interests. — The county is divided into 22 districts, and 
these into no sub-districts. Paris has a fine school building erected in 
1869, at a cost of ^11,000. Monroe City, Madison and other towns also 
have good school buildings. The school-houses of the sub-districts are 
good and substantial, many of them being new and all paid for. 

The public school fund, arising from the sale of the i6th sections of Gov- 
ernment Land and other sources, is $106,000. This fund cannot be used for 
any other purpose. It is invested in bonds and mortgages on real estate, 
bearing 10 per cent, interest. The official reports show this county to be 
third in the educational statistics of the State. 

Austin, a station on the M. K. & T, R. R. 4 miles n. e, of Paris. 

Clapper, on the M. K. &T. R. R. 16 miles n. e. of Paris, was settled 
in 1870, and has i store. Population, about 30. 

Clinton, (formerly Somerset,) 12 miles n. n. e. of Paris, 6 miles w. 
from Clapper and 5 miles s. of Lakenan, Shelby County, was settled in 
1840, and contains 2 potteries. Population, about 30. 

Elizabethtown. — See Indian Creek. 

Elliottsville, on the Paris and Hannibal wagon road, at the crossing 
of the North Fork of Salt River, 10 miles n. e. of Paris, was settled in 
1842. Population, about 15. 

Evansville, (Mill Grove,) on the M. K.;& T. R. R., 17 miles west of 
Paris, was settled in 1870. Population, about 30. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ^5,352,6io. Taxation, J1.45 per Jioo. Bonded debt, ^250,000. Floating 
debt, f 19,800. 



MONROE COUNTY. 381 

Florida, 12 miles east of Paris, on the line of the proposed St. P., K. 
& St. L. R. R., 6 miles s. e. of Stoutsville, was settled in 1831. Plat of 
town in Recorder's Office, book A, page 4, was the first plat recorded 
in the county. It is pleasantly located on the divide between North and 
South Fork of Salt River, ^ of a mile from their confluence, and was 
once a very flourishing town, and competed with Paris for the county 
seat. It has now 4 stores, 2 wagon shops, 2 water saw and grist-mills, 
I church — M. E. ch. South, worth $700, and i public school. Population, 
about 150. The humorist, Mark Twain, was born here. 

Granville, 9 miles n. w. of Paris and 8 miles south of Shelbina, on 
the H. & St. J. R. R., has 2 stores, i steam flouring-mill, i wagon 
shop, I public school and 2 churches — Methodist and Christian. Popu- 
lation, about 75. 

Hollyday, on the M. K. & T. R. R., 6 miles west of Paris, has i 
store. 

Indian Creek, (Elizabethtown,) on the Paris and Hannibal wagon 
road, 16 miles n. e. of Paris and 3 miles e. of Clapper, was settled in 
1836, and has i wagon shop, 2 stores, i public school and i church — 
Catholic, costing ^2,500. Population, about 80. 

Long Branch, is a post-office 10 miles s. s. e. of Paris. 

Madison, on the M. K. & T. R. R., 12 miles west of Paris, settled in 
1836 by James R. Abernathy, contains 6 stores, i school and 2 churches 
Methodist and Christian. Population, about 200. 

Middle Grove, 18 miles w. s. w. of Paris and 4 miles s. of Evans- 
ville, settled in 1830, contains i steam flouring-mill, i wagon shop, 4 
stores, I public school and 2 churches — Presbyterian and Christian. 
Population, about 250. 

Mill Grove. — See Evansville. 

Monroe City, on the H. & St. J. R. R. 20 miles n. e. of Paris, is 
situated on a high, rolling prairie in the extreme north-eastern corner of 
the county. It was laid out in 1857, though improved but little until 
the close of the late war, was incorporated April i6th, 1869, and contains 
I steam flouring-mill with improved machinery, i agricultural implement 
and I coach and wagon factory, about 25 stores, 2 hotels, 2 livery 
stables, 2 harness shops, 4 churches — Episcopal, Presbyterian, Baptist 
and Christian — aggregate value, ^20,000. The Methodists worship in 
the Presbyterian church. There is i female institute with a fine brick 
building, I male and female academy and i male academy ; also a public 
school. The surrounding country is well adapted to stock-raising, and 
this is an important shipping point for cattle, hogs and sheep. Popula- 
tion, about 900. 

PARIS, the county seat, on the M., K. & T. R. R. 41 miles w. of 
Hannibal, and near the center of the county, is finely located on the 
south bank of Middle Fork of Salt River. It was settled in 1831 by J. 



382 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

C. Fox, incorporated Nov. 19th, 1855, and contains a three-story stearc 
flouring-mill, built in 1867 at a cost of ^15,000, which has all the modern 
improvements, a three-story steam woolen factory, built in 1865, costing 
$12,000, 2 plow and wagon factories, about 32 stores, 2 saddler's shops, 
3 hotels, I bank, 2 livery stables and i marble cutter. 

The court-house, occupying a square near the business center of the 
town, is a large and commodious brick structure, one of the best in north- 
eastern Missouri. It was built in 1866, and cost $50,000. There are 
6 churches — Presbyterian, Christian, 2 Baptist and 2 Methodist — 
aggregate value, $23,000, and i public school building erected in 
1869, ata cost of $11,000, which has 250 pupils and employs 5 teachers. 

The fair grounds of the Monroe County Agricultural Association are 
located here. The Masonic hall, erected in 1872, and costing $8,000, 
is a handsome three-story brick building. The I. O. O. F. also have a 
fine two-story building. All of the public streets are macadamized. 
Paris has 2 weekly newspapers — The Mercury, Bean, Mason & Co., pub- 
lishers, and the Appeal, Anderson & Blanton, publishers. Population, 
about 1,200. 

Santa Fe, 15 miles s. e. of Paris, first settled in 1825, contains i 
steam saw and grist-mill, 2 stores, i public school and 2 churches — 
Methodist and Christian — valued at $3,000. Population, about 90. 

Somerset. — See Clinton. 

Stoutsville, on the M. K. & T. R. R. 12 miles north-east of Paris, 
was settled in 1870, and contains i flouring-mill, i wagon shop and 2 
stores. Population, about 70. 

S^vitzler, a post-office 1 1 miles s. w. of Paris. 

Welch, a post-office 10 miles s. w. of Paris. 

Woodlawn, 16 miles n. w. of Paris and 10 miles from Clarence on 
the H. & St. J. R. R., has i store. Population, about 20. 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY, 

In the eastern part of the State, is bounded noith by Audrain and Pike 
Counties, east by Lincoln and Warren, south by Warren and the Mis- 
souri River— which separates it from Gasconade, and west by Callaway 
and Audrain Counties, and contains 327,129 acres. 

Population in 1820, 3,074; in 1830, 3,902; in 1840, 4,37^ '> i^ 1850, 
5,489; in i860, 9,718; in 1870, 10,45°; of whom 9,466 were white and 
939 colored; 5,272 male and 5,133 female; 9,647 native (6,272 born in 
Missouri,) and 758 foreign. 

History. — ^The first settlements in this county were made early in 
1800 at Loutre Island, and among those who came, were Messrs. Temple, 
Patton, Gooch, Murdock and Cole. In 1806 or '7, seven or eight In- 
dians, probably Sacs and Pottawattamies, stole the horses of these settlers 
and committed sundry depredations. In consequence of this they were 
pursued by the settlers to the Salt River Prairie. Night coming on, they 
made an encampment, intending to attack the Indians early the next 
morning ; but in this they were anticipated by the savages, who made a 
furious assault upon them in the night. Messrs. Temple, Patton and 
Gooch were killed at the first onset. Murdock slipped under the bank 
of Spencer Creek, near by, leaving Cole to contend with the enemy. 
Two stout Indians closed upon him ; one of them stabbed him from be- 
hind, near the shoulder, the other encountered him in front. Cole being 
a very powerful man, wrenched the knife out of the hand of the Indian in 
front and killed him ; but having to contend against such odds, he sought 
to make his escape, which he was fortunate enough to succeed in doing, 
favored, as he was, by the darkness of the night. Having reached home 
he collected a party of men, and returned to bury the dead. Murdock, 
not being acquainted with the roads, did not reach home for several days. 
In the year 181 2 the Rangers were called out, and traversed the county 
to protect it from the incursions of the Indians. In the spring of 18 13, a 
party of Sacs and Pottawattamies made an attack on Loutre Lick, where a 
Mr. Massey had settled. Young Massey, while plowing in the field, 
was shot by one of them. His sister hearing the report, and seeing the 
Indian pursuing her brother, blew a horn, and the Indians hearing and 
mistaking it for the bugle of the Rangers, made off precipitately. 

In the spring of 181 4 the Sacs and Foxes stole horses from the settlers 
in the neighborhood of Loutre Island. Some fifteen Rangers, com- 
manded by Captain James Callaway being out on duty, accidentally fell 
upon their trail, and followed it. They reached the Indian encampment 
at the head of Loutre Creek, finding the horses there, but the enemy were 



384 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

gone, probably on some other excursion. Taking the horses, they pro- 
ceeded toward the Island without molestation, until they arrived at the 
junction of Prairie Fork with Main Loutre. Here Capt. Callaway, for 
the purpose of relieving some of the men who were driving the horses, 
requested Lieutenant Riggs to take command of the company and pro- 
ceed, while he followed in charge of the men guarding the recovered 
horses. The exchange of command had been made, and the Rangers 
were crossing the creek. Captain Callaway with the horses being some 
distance behind, when the latter was fired upon by a body of Indians, 
numbering eighty or a hundred, who had lain in ambush, and completely 
invested the passage from a deep ravine to an adjacent steep hill. Cap- 
tain Callaway, although severely wounded, broke the line of the Indians, 
in order to join his men in advance, calling to them to form upon the 
opposite bank of the stream. His order was of no avail, the survivors 
sought safety in flight, and Callaway, alone and wounded, endeavored 
to make his escape by swimming his horse over the main creek, but he 
was again intercepted by the enemy, and being mortally wounded, fell 
into the stream and expired. His body was afterwards recovered, and 
buried on the sterile hill-side which had been the witness of his defeat 
and death. A rough, flat rock, with his name inscribed in rude but leg- 
ible characters, marks the last resting place of this gallant pioneer. Cal- 
laway was a son-in-law of Daniel Boone, and one of the leading men of 
his time in the State. It may be mentioned here that a part of the Cal- 
laway Rangers made good their retreat to Loutre Island ; the remainder 
to Wood's Fort. The names of those who fell in the skirmish, were 
McDermot, Hutchinson, McMillan and Gilmore. 

This county was organized from St. Charles, Dec. 14th, 1818, and 
named in honor of Gen. Montgomery, who fell at Quebec. 

Physical Features. — The central and northern portions of the 
county consist of beautiful undulating prairies, of great fertility, inter- 
spersed with strips of timber along the water courses. During the severe 
winter of 1872-3, observation proved the temperature of this prairie 
region to be several degrees warmer than the lowlands and timbered 
country. The extreme southern part of the county, bordering on the 
Missouri River, consists of rich alluvial bottoms equal in fertility and 
adaptation for agricultural purposes to any in this section of country. 
Back of these bottom lands is a range of high limestone bluffs, running 
parallel with the river through the southern part of the county. These 
bluffs, which rise in places to the height of 100 feet, make fine building 
sites, overlooking as they do the river bottoms of the Missouri, while 
back of them toward the north, are fertile valleys well watered and 
drained by the Loutre River, its large tributaries, Prairie Fork and Clear 
Fork, and the smaller streams of Quick and Murdock Creeks, and Dry 
Fork flowing easterly, and Whip-poor-will and South Bear Creeks flowing 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 385 

southerly into Loutre River. The high prairies in the northern and 
north-eastern parts of the county are well watered, and drained by Coal 
Creek, which flows southerly into Clear Fork of Loutre, in the western 
edge of the county, White Oak, Walker, Elkhorn and Brush Creeks in 
the north-east, and North, Bear and Price's Creeks in the eastern part. 
Salt licks abound, and there are many fine mineral springs, among 
which a group of 3 called Loutre Springs, have acquired some local fame 
for their medicinal properties. 

In a little valley on South Bear Creek, there is a head-land of singular 
appearance ; it seems a mass of solid stone, and rises perpendicularly to 
the height of 100 feet. A shelving path leads on one side up to the 
summit, where abroad flat stone, covered with lichens and moss, affords 
the climber an easy seat, and the view of the surrounding country repays 
for the toil of the ascent. This immovable sentry, that has kept guard 
for countless ages over the peaceful valley below, has been christened 
"Pinnacle Rock." One mile and a half from Bluff'ton, there is another 
singular peak of volcanic formation, which excites interest. Timber is 
abundant, the varieties being chiefly, black, white, scarlet, red and post 
oaks, shell-bark and pig-nut hickory, besides black walnut and burr oak, 
which grow magnificently in the bottoms. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, hay, oats, potatoes, 
tobacco and stock. Melons, and the fruits common to this latitude, grow 
luxuriantly, and yield well. Tobacco is largely and profitably grown 
in the timbered portion of the county. Rye, broom-corn, sorghum and 
buckwheat are successfully raised. The hill-sides are suited to the culture 
of the grape, which each year is receiving more attention from fruit- 
growers, and wine is manufactured i-n considerable quantities. Much 
interest is manifested by the people in introducing improved breeds of 
stock. 

The Mineral Resources are varied, but only partially developed. 
Coal is found in several localities, but is only mined at one point, Wells- 
ville, and but sulificiently here to supply the home demand. A fine 
quality of marble has been discovered near Danville, and indications of 
iron exist in several localities. Building stone is abundant, also salt 
and saltpetre. 

The Manufacturing Interests are yet in their infancy, and consist 
chiefly of a few flouring and saw-mills, a tobacco manufactory, and the 
requisite number of blacksmith shops. 

^Vealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^9,550,000.* 

Railroads. — The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W., to which 
the county donated 550,000, has 28 miles of track in Montgomery 
County. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, fe, 170,399. Bonded and floating debt, ^20,000. 



386 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

Educational Interests. — Public schools are established in all of the 
sub-districts, and many of the larger towns have tasteful and substantial 
school buildings. At Danville, Jonesburgh, New Florence and Wells- 
ville, there are excellent public high schools. Montgomery College, 
at Montgomery City, compares favorably with the educational institutions 
of the West. 

The Exports are stock — horses, mules, sheep and hogs — tobacco, 
corn, oats, wheat, hay, fruit and vegetables. Tobacco is the only man- 
ufactured article exported. 

Americus, 12 miles s. of Danville, on the Loutre River, contains 3 
stores, several shops and a mill. 

Big Spring, a post-office 9 miles s. s. e. of Danville. 

Bluffton, in the s. w, part of the county, 2 miles n. of Morrison, 
situated on the northern bank of the Missouri River, commands a good 
trade from the adjacent country, and is becoming noted for its grapes 
and wine. 

DANVILLE, the county seat, 5 miles w. of New Florence, its 
jsual railroad station, and 5 miles s. w. of Montgomery City, was 
founded in 1834 by Judge Ollie Williams, of St. Louis County, and the 
same year was made the seat of justice, the county records being moved 
thither from Livingston, which had been the county seat prior to that 
time. During the late war Danville suffered severely from guerilla 
attacks. During a raid of Anderson's men, the court-house, containing all 
the county records, was burned, several prominent citizens killed, and 
numerous robberies committed. The town contains 4 stores, i mill and 
several shops. Population, about 350. 

High Hill, on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. 4 miles e. of New Flor- 
ence, contains 3. general stores and several shops. Population, about 350. 

Jonesburgh, on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. 9 miles e. of New Florence, 
in the midst of a fine country, is the center of a growing trade. It con- 
tains 10 stores, I wagon and 2 saddler's shops, 2 lumber yards, i saw 
mill, I box factory, i hotel and several other business houses. There are 
several neat churches, and a good high school building. Population 
about 650. 

Loutre Island, on the Missouri River, 15 miles s. s. e. of Danville, 
contains 2 stores and several shops. This is one of the oldest settlements 
in the county. 

Middletown, 10 miles n. e. of Wellsville, one of the oldest towns in 
the county, is surrounded by a good country with which it has quite an 
important trade. It contains 15 stores, 2 hotels, i carriage manufactory, 
2 saddlers, 2 harness makers, 2 cabinet makers, i wool carding mill, a 
number of shops, several churches and a high school. Population, 
about 800. 

Montgomery City, the principal town in the county, on the St. L. 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 387 

K. C. & N. R. W. 5 miles n. n. e. of Danville, and 82 miles from St. Louis, 
does a large trade in country produce and general merchandise. It con- 
tains 15 stores, 2 lumber yards, i wagon and i saddler's shop, i mill, i 
bank, i plow manufactory, i livery stable, and i railroad hotel. It is 
well supplied with churches and good schools. In addition to the public 
schools and Montgomery College, there is a flourishing parochial school 
under the supervision of the Catholic church. Population, about 1,300. 

New Florence, on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. 77 miles w. n, w. 
of St. Louis, is an incorporated town. It contains, besides schools and 
churches, 13 stores, 2 livery stables, i hotel, i wagon and i saddler's 
shop, I marble yard and other business houses. Population, about 600. 

Price's Branch, 6 miles n. of High Hill, contains 4 stores and a 
livery stable. 

Peytona, a post-office 7 miles w. s. w. of Montgomery. 

Rhineland, is a small village 18 miles s. of Danville near the Missouri 
River, not far from Bluffton. The culture of the grape engrosses, princi- 
pally, the attention of the people. 

Stockland, a post-office 12 miles n. e. of Montgomery City. 

Wellsville, on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. 13 miles n. w. of New 
Florence, has a fine trade with the adjoining country. It has 14 stores, a 
number of shops, 2 mills and i lumber yard. There are rich deposits of 
coal in the vicinity of this town. Population, about 700. 



MORGAN COUNTY, 

In the central part of the State, is bounded north by Cooper and Moniteau 
Counties, east by Moniteau and Miller, south by Camden, and west by 
Benton and Pettis Counties, and contains 372,107 acres. 

Population, in 1840, 4,407; in 1850, 4,650; in i860, 8,202; in 
1870, 8,434, of whom 8,127 were white and 307 colored; 4,297 male 
and 4,137 female; 7,735 native (5,089 born in Missouri) and 699 
foreign. 

History. — The diversified physical features of this county, its clear 
water courses skirted by belts of magnificent timber, the great abundance 
of game, including the buffalo, bear and elk, attracted the attention of 
settlers at an early day. The Missionary Trail, leading from Jefferson City 
to Harmony Mission, on the Osage, now in Bates County, passed 
through the center of Morgan County. The Osage Indians occupied 
the territory along the river, extending back to the head waters of the 
Gravois and Buffalo Creeks. The wide prairies, north, east and west of 
Versailles, were the scene of many an Indian hunt and battle. The early 
settlements were usually made in the timber near a spring, the prairie 
being looked upon as a barren desert, fit only for grazing for the buffalo 
and deer, and a breeding place for venomous reptiles. 

The county was organized from a part of Cooper, January 5th, 1833. 
The first circuit court — Hon. David Todd, judge; Thos. G. Davis, clerk; 
Alfred McCutcheon, sheriff; Robert M. Wells, attorney-general ; and 
James McFarland, foreman of the grand jury; — was held in June 1833, 
at the house of Josiah S. Walton, at Millville, now scarcely remembered 
by the oldest inhabitant. It was located where James' Mill now stands, 
and consisted of Mr. Walton's grist-mill and dwelling and Wyan & Gal- 
braith's dry goods store. The old settlers were surely law-abiding citi- 
zens, as no presentments were made nor indictments found at that or the 
following term. 

The first term of the county court, consisting of Zaccheus German, 
Seth Howard and John B. Fisher, was held in February 1833, and their 
first act was to appoint Joseph M. Barnard tax collector. December 23d, 
1834, the county seat was established at a place to be selected and called 
Versailles, and Street Thruston appointed commissioner to receive and 
have charge of the lots donated to the county. It was located near the 
center of the county, and was laid off and lots sold in 1835. A number 
of substantial houses were at once erected, the first being the old 
McClanahan house and the house now on the south-east corner of the 



390 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

public square, which was built and long kept for a hotel. During 1836 
Mining Port sprang up on the Osage River, at the mouth of the Gra- 
vois, and promised to become the leading town in the county, but thg 
great flood in July 1837 utterly destroyed it. In 1841 Ionia was laid out 
6 miles north of Versailles, and unsuccessful efforts were made to re- 
move the county seat to that place, but nothing is now left to mark its 
existence. 

Physical Features. — The divide between the waters flowing north- 
ward into La Mine, and southward into the Osage, runs nearly east 
and west through the county, a little south of the center, and, in its most 
elevated part, is 500 to 550 feet above the Osage, and 700 to 750 feet 
above high-water mark at St. Louis. 

The surface of this elevated region is a beautiful, gently undulating or 
slightly rolling prairie. Between the streams flowing south the slopes are 
at first gentle, then more rolling, and nearer the streams quite hilly. On 
the larger creeks, and especially nearer the Osage River, it is very broken 
and hilly. North of the divide, the high, nearly level prairie extends 
with a slight descent for some distance, but near most of the larger 
streams the surface is broken and sometimes rocky, though generally less 
so than on the southern slope. 

Gravois Creek, with its tributaries, drains the south-east part of the 
county, while Big Buffalo, Minnas, Buffalo and Proctor Creeks are in 
the south-west. All of these flow south into the Osage, which forms a 
part of the south-eastern and south-western boundaries. Flat Creek, 
which empties into La Mine River near the northern boundary, flows in 
a tortuous course through the north-west corner, receiving the waters of 
Haw, Little Haw, Richland, Little Richland and their numerous tribu- 
tary creeks, which drain the northern slope. Some small head branches 
of North Moreau rise north and east of Versailles, but flow into 
Moniteau County before attaining any importance. 

There are many fine springs, the largest being on the southern slope, 
some of which are utilized for water power. One, 5 miles north-west 
of Gravois, discharges about 4,000 gallons of water per minute, drives i 
wool carding and 2 grist-mills, and is available for twice that power. 

Most of the southern part of this county is woodland, and contains, 
especially in the valleys, extensive forests of fine large timber of the 
best varieties for building purposes. North of Versailles nearly one- 
third of the county is occupied by prairies ; but they are so distributed 
with relation to the intervening woodlands that an abundant supply of 
wood for fuel and timber for the construction of houses, fences, bridges, 
etc., can always be found at convenient distances. The growth is red, 
black and burr oak, elm, white and black walnut, sugar and soft maple, 
ash, sycamore, hickory, basswood, cherry, buckeye, honey locust, etc. 

In the elevated central and northern portions of the county there are 



MORGAN COUNTY. 391 

large areas of beautiful level or undulating prairie land, possessing a soil 
scarcely inferior in fertility to that of any uplands in the State. Much 
of the more elevated forest land of this section is of good quality, 
especially for the growth of wheat, while in the valleys there is some 
first-rate bottom land. 

The southern part, excepting the valleys, is generally too broken and 
rocky for the plow, but well adapted to stock-grazing and grape-culture. 
In the valleys and along the more gentle slopes is a fair proportion of 
good arable land. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, hay, etc. 
Tobacco is raised easily, and pays well. Fruits are generally abundant, 
and some attention is given to grape culture and the manufacture of 
wine, by the German residents. 

Mineral Resources. — Building stone, sand and stone for lime are 
abundant. Cannel coal is found within the city limits of Versailles, and 
I mile east of the town is a large deposit of both this and bituminous 
coal. Hhe Indian Creek Coal Mines, 10 miles south-east of Versailles, 
seem to be inexhaustible, and the coal is of fine quality. Lead is found 
in almost every township, but until 1873, bttle attention was paid to it. 
About that time the New Granby and Cross Roads Mines were discov- 
ered 2 miles s. e. of Versailles, and the Marriott Mines, 4 miles south- 
west, which, in 6 months, yielded over 500,000 pounds of ore. The 
Buffalo Mines, 10 miles south-west of Versailles, were the next discov- 
ered, and operations commenced here in September, and in 3 months 
196,000 pounds of almost pure galena were taken out of 3 shafts. New 
discoveries are constantly being made, while in no place is the mineral 
exhausted. The Gabrielle Mines, worked by the Gabrielle Mining Co., 7 
miles north-west of Versailles, yield handsome profits. There are 6 
smelting furnaces in the county. The ore is almost pure sulphuret of 
lead, uucontaminaled by foreign substances, such as cobalt or antimony. 
It is generally of the kind termed cog mineral, and yields from 72 to 74 
per cent, of pig lead. Iron is also found in paying quantities in the 
southern portion of the ♦county, and everywhere there is an abundant 
supply of good building stone. Clays suitable for brick occur, especially 
in the northern and central parts, and most excellent fire brick are made 
near Versailles. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist ©f smelting furnaces, woolen, 
flouring and saw-mills. 

^A^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $3,500,000.* 

Railroads. — The Missouri Pacific Railroad passes through the 
extreme north-eastern and north-western portions of the county, having 
8 miles of road and one station. The Osage Valley & Southern Kansas 

♦Assessed valuation in 1872, $2,307,450. Taxation, $2.00 per Jioo. Floating debt, $9,000. Bonded 
debt, $100,000, which was a subscription to the projected O. V. & S. K. R. R. 



392 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL 

Railroad has 12 miles graded in the county. The Jefferson City & 
Southwestern Railroad survey also runs through the county. 

The Exports are principally wheat, corn, cattle, horses, hogs,, 
hides and lead. 

The Educational Interests are well attended to. Public schools 
are established all over the county, and are in good condition. 

Barnettsville. — See Stone House. 

Bond's Mines, a post-office 15 miles s. of Versailles. 

Boyler's Mill, a post-office 15 miles w. s. w. of Versailles. 

Excelsior, 10 miles n. e. of Versailles, has 3 stores, i flouring- 
mill and i school-house. Population, about 75. 

Florence, 13 miles n. w. of Versailles, was located in 1840, and then- 
called Jonesboro, for a long time it had a brisk trade, but on the com- 
pletion of the M. P. R. R. this fell away. It has 2 stores and a popu- 
lation of about 200. 

Gravois Mills, a post-office 8 miles s. of Versailles. 

St. Martin's, 8 miles n. of Versailles, on the Versailles and Tip- 
ton road, has i store. 

Stone House, (Barnettsville,) 9 miles e. s. e. of Versailles, in 
the midst of a rich farming country, has 2 stores and about 50 inhab- 
itants. 

Syracuse, on the M. P. R. R., 168 miles w. of St. Louis and 20 
miles e. of Sedalia, is a growth of the railroad. The first building was 
erected in 1858 by Mr. Melves. For some time it was the terminus of 
the M. P. R. R., and quite a little city grew up, but as the road 
was extended westward business began to decrease, and portions of the 
town moved with the road. Houses were torn down and shipped 
westward. It has 3 stores, 2 churches — Methodist and colored Bap- 
tist, I high school and a population of about 450. 

Tuckersville, 20 miles s. w. of Versailles, in the extreme southern 
part of the county, nearly surrounded by the Osage River. 

VERSAILLES, the county seat 20 miles south of Tipton, is 
situated on the water-shed' between the Osage and Missouri Rivers. 
This is to be a place of considerable importance on the completion 
of the O. V. & S. K. and the J. C. & S. W. Railroads, each of which 
is partly graded. The town contains a court-house and a few other 
public buildings, about 15 stores, i church and i high school. Popu- 
lation, 1,100. 



NEW MADRID COUNTY, 

In the south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Stoddard and 
Scott Counties, east by Mississippi County and the Mississippi River 
which separates it from the States of Kentucky and Tennessee, south 
by Pemiscot and west by Dunklin and Stoddard Counties, and contains 
188,421 acres. 

Population in 1810, 3,165; in 1820, 2,296; in 1830, 2,350; in 
1840, 4,554; in 1850, 5,541; in i860, 5,654; in 1870, 6,357, of whom 
4,931 were white, and 1,425 colored; 3,380 male, and 2,977 female; 
6,274 native (4,019 born in Missouri), and 8^ foreign. 

History. — About 1780, Francis and Joseph Lesieur, young adven- 
turers from Three Rivers, Canada East, arrived at St. Louis, and were 
employed by Mr. Cerr6, a fur trader, to proceed down the river and seek 
a suitable point for the establishment of a trading house among the 
Indians. The place affording the greatest advantages was a large Del- 
aware town, on the present site of New Madrid. They reported this to 
Mr. Cerre, who sent them back the following year, with a stock of goods 
suitable for the Indian trade. About this time the Spanish Government 
asserted its right to control the navigation of the Mississippi River, a 
claim which the Americans, settled along the Ohio, and in the district of 
Georgia, strenuously resisted. After much trouble, the free navigation 
of the river was obtained, and in order to cement this new political union 
between the western people and the province of Louisiana, extensive 
land grants were made to Americans on the west bank of the Mississippi, 
and an American settlement was planned, to be located between the 
mouth of the Ohio and the St. Francis River. In 1 788, General Morgan, 
from New Jersey, arrived with a colony, and upon the then beautiful 
rolling plains, laid off the plat of a magnificent city, which, in honor of the 
Spanish capital, he named New Madrid. The early French settlers state 
that the town originally extended 40 arpents along the river, and the 
back part was contracted to 20 arpents on account of some swamps, 
while its depth was 16 arpents. It contained 10 streets running parallel 
to the river, and 18 crossing them at right angles, the former 60 and the 
latter 40 feet wide. Six squares of 2 arpents each, were laid out and 
reserved for town parks, and a street 1 20 feet wide, reserved on the bank 
of the river. But this whole scheme failed, owing to some trouble with 
the Spanish Government ; nevertheless, an excellent class of people, 
chiefly French families from Canada, Detroit and Vincennes, gradually 
came in, and this became one of the most thriving settlements in Louisiana. 



394 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 

After the Indians were removed by order of the Government, the vast 
swamps of south-east Missouri, where game of all l^inds abounded, were 
overrun by white hunters, who eagerly took the place of the red men, and 
for 20 or 25 years, the fur and peltry _^collection of this region amounted 
to $80,000 or $90,000 annually. The Indians in this district — mostly 
Delawares, with a few Creeks and Shawnees — during 1808-9, adopted 
the same cruel measures that were practiced in Salerti, Massachusetts, for 
the extermination of witches, and many of the best among them fell 
martyrs to this cruel and strange infatuation. No less than 50 in 12 
months suffe^d a cruel death by the torch. The charges against these 
unfortunates were based upon the reports of somerwho imagined they had 
seen an intended victim in the forid of an owl, a panther or some other 
fowl or beast of the forest. This was enough. The accused was brought 
forth, tried by three selected criminal judges, and 9 out of 10, at least, 
were found guilty, and doomed to suffer death by fire. The frenzy and 
madness of these tribes had reached their height, when it was suddenly 
checked by the appearance among them of the famous Shawnee Chief, 
Tecumseh. It may be mentioned here that some near descendants of a 
sister of Tecumseh, who married Francis Maisonville, are still residents 
of New Madrid County, as are also many descendants 6f the Delawares. 

Soon after the close of the American Revolution, some adventurous 
Virginians and Carolinians pushed westward, and charmed by the great 
beauty and fertility of this country, settled in Jnd about New Madrid, 
and the county was growing rapidly in wealth and prosperity, when the 
calamitous earthquake of i8ii-'i2, which affected not only New Madrid, 
but also the adjoining counties, extending even into Arkansas and Ten- 
nessee, dried up the streams or turned them from their wonted channels, 
submerged the magnificent forests and fertile plains beneath the waters, 
producing that large area known still as the "sunk land region." 

The frightened populace fled in every direction, abandoning homes 
and property in frantic haste and terror, fearful of a recurrence of the 
horrors. The terrible phenomena are thus described by the late vener- 
able Godfrey Lesieur, a resident of New Madrid at that time, and an 
eye-witness of the scene. We copy from the interesting letters of Mr. 
Lesieur, addressed in 1871 to professor A. D. Hagar, former State 
Geologist, being a series of replies to inquiries made by the latter 
gentleman : 

"The first shock was about two o'clock A. m., on the night of Dec. 
i6th, 181 1, and was very hard, shaking down log houses, chimneys, etc. 
It was followed at intervals from half an hour to an hour apart by com- 
paratively slight shocks, until about 7 o'clock in the morning, when a 
rumbling noise was heard in the west, not unlike distant thunder, and in 
an instant the earth began to totter and shake so that no persons were 
able to stand or walk. This lasted a minute ; then the earth was observed 



NEW MADRID COUNTY. 395 

to be rolling in waves of a few feet in height, with a visible depression 
between. By and by these swells burst, throwing up large volumes of 
water, sand and a species of charcoal, some of which was partly covered 
with a substance, which by its peculiar odor was thought to be sulphur. 
Where these swells burst, large, wide and long fissures were left, running 
north and south parallel with each other for miles. I have seen some 4 
or 5 miles in length, 4)^ feet deep on an average, and about 10 feet 
wide. The rumbling noise, waves, etc., appeared to come from the west 
and travel eastward. After this, slight shocks were felt at intervals until 
Jan. 7th, 1812, when the country was again visited by an earthquake, 
equal to the first two in violence, and characterized by the same frightful 
results. Then it was that the cry, * sauve qui pent / ' arose among the 
people, and all but two families left the country, leaving behind all their 
property, consisting of cattle, hogs, horses, and portions of their house- 
hold effects. These proved a total loss, because adventurers from other 
parts carried away in flatboats to Natchez and New Orleans all the stock 
they did not slaughter. I omitted to mention that after the terrible 
shock of Jan. 7th slight ones were from time to time felt. This lasted 
until Feb. 1 7th, when another very severe one, having the same effects as 
the others, visited the country and caused great injury to the land in 
forming more extensive fissures and making deep lakes high land. 

"It would be difficult to say with any degree of correctness how high 
the water, coal and sand were thrown, as the numerous fissures opening 
were of different sizes, some being 12 to 15 feet wide, and others 
not more than 4 or 5 feet. I should guess that they were thrown to the 
height of 6 or 10 feet. 

" Besides these long and narrow fissures, they were sometimes forced 
up to a considerable height in an oval or circular form, making large 
and deep basins, some of them 100 yards across, and deep enough to retain 
water during the driest season, affording good watering places for stock. 
/^ "The damaged and up-torn part of the country was not very extensive, 
embracing a circumference of not more than 150 miles, taking 
the old town of Little Prairie, now called Caruthersville, as the center. 
A very large extent of country on either side of White Water, called 
here Little River, also on both sides of the St. Francis River, in this 
State and Arkansas, and also on Reelfoot Bayou, in Tennessee, was 
sunk below the former elevation about ten feet, thus rendering that region 
of country entirely unfit for cultivation. 

"It is a remarkable fact, and worthy of notice, that so few casualties 
occurred during those terrible convulsions. Among the citizens there 
were but two deaths, both victims being women. One, Mrs. Lafont, 
died from fright while the earth was shaking and rocking. The other, 
Mrs. Jarvis, received an injury from the fall of a cabin log, from which 
she died a few days after. Not so fortunate were the flat-boat men, many 



396 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

of whom must have perished, judging from the amount of debris seen floatT 
ing on the river. 

"At the time of the second earthquake, in the morning, when the water, 
sand, etc., were being thrown up, I suggested to my younger brother, 
Francis, and to a step-brother, Antoine Gambin, that we should try to 
cross the water and reach if possible a large Indian mound about 3 miles 
distant. They agreed, and away we went, myself leading, sometimes 
swimming, sometimes wading, and throwing logs, brush, or any floating 
substance within our reach, to make temporary bridges across the deep 
fissures. When we had gone about a mile we heard the voice of a woman 
hallooing for help. Mrs. Cooper and four children had tried to reach 
my father's house, but the rising waters compelled her and her children 
to get on a large sycamore tree, which had fallen, but was above water. 
We were unable to reach her anci again started for our mound, swimming 
and wading, till we had reached a small dry spot on the Red Bank Bayou. 
The water by this time was coming so fast as to induce us to remain where 
we could wait a while longer. We found a large grape vine running up 
a tree, which, at about ten feet from the ground, formed an elbow. Up 
the vine we went and perched ourselves on the crook. There we 
remained about half an hour, when to our great joy we discovered the 
waters to be rapidly receding. Soon we returned home, and had the 
pleasure of finding Mrs. Cooper and children safe. On our return we 
heard gun reports in all directions. They were hunting for us boys, and 
the joy was great at home when we returned, for all believed we were lost. 

" Here I would remark that the water thrown up during the eruptions of 
the 'land waves' was lukewarm — so warm, indeed, as to produce no 
chilly sensation while swimming and wading through it. 

"A circumstance occurred about 10 miles from Little Prairie, on the 
Pemiscot River, which those who did not see would pronounce fabulous, 
but there are many living in -the country ready to confirm the truth of 
the relation about to be given. An old man named Culberson, with his 
wife and several children, lived on a farm on the bank of the Pemiscot 
River, which here made a very short crook or elbow, forming a point on 
the east side nearly in the shape of the letter V. On this point stood 
Culberson's house, leaving a space between the house and river of about 
an acre, where stood the well and smoke-house. On the morning of 
Dec. i6th, 181 1, just after the second hard 'shake' had subsided, Mrs. 
Culberson started from the house to go to the well for water and to the 
smoke-house for meat for breakfast, but behold ! no smoke-house or well 
was to be found. Upon examination, both had gone across the river, 
and were actually on the opposite side from where they were the evening 
previous. A canoe was procured to bring the provisions needed, but not 
the well and smoke-house. This would seem incredible to those not 
acquainted with the freaks of earthquakes and their actions. 



NEW MADRID COUNTY. 



397 



''Since the earthquakes of 1811-12, similar phenomena have appeared 
at frequent intervals, though not at all periodically, and seemingly growing 
less and less every year. No hard shakes have occurred since February, 
1812; those felt were similar to those before mentioned, nor have they 
been violent enough to produce any changes in the surface of the earth, 
in the country where they had previously spent their greatest force." 

In Feb. 181 5 an act was passed by Congress for the relief of sufferers 
by the earthquakes in New Madrid County, but through the ignorance 
of the people (all mail communication having been stopped) and the 
dishonesty of sharpers, it afforded but little relief. 

The same year the great flood added much to the suffering of the 
already impoverished people. After these horrors, the county recovered 
but slowly, though something like prosperity had visited it when the 
Civil War came. During this contest New Madrid shared the fate of 
her sister counties. Altogether, she has a history of misfortune unequaled 
by that of any other section of the State — earthquakes, flood, and civil 
war — but the people, knowing the fertility of the soil and the variety of 
her productions, look for a brighter future, especially since the building 
of the Cairo, Arkansas & Texas Railway across her northern border. 
The citizens of this county have taken an active and prominent part in 
the affairs of the State. Hon. Robert A. Hatcher, a resident of New 
Madrid, is now (1874,) representing this congressional district at Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

Physical Features. — The county is level, with sufficient declination 
from north to south and from east to west to be susceptible of drainage. 
It is watered by lakes and sluggish streams, and some portions are 
heavily timbered with oaks of different kinds, ash, hickory, walnut, 
hackberry, boxwood, coffee-bean, black locust, black and sweet gum and 
cypress. The soil is exceedingly fertile. This and the adjoining coun- 
ties embrace most of what is termed in the Government surveys as "The 
Swamp Region." 

Antiquities. — La Vaga, the historian of De Soto, states that when he 
visited New Madrid, it bore unequivocal marks of having been an abori- 
ginal station, still presenting the remains of mounds which abounded with 
fragments of earthenware. One of these mounds, about 4 miles below 
New Madrid, was 1 200 feet in circumference and 40 feet in height, level 
upon the top and surrounded by a ditch several feet deep. It is situated 
on the margin of a beautiful lake (Brackenridge). Numerous large grinders 
and mammoth bones, have been found in the edges of the swamps and 
ponds in this region. 

Agricultural Productions. — The staples are corn, cattle and hogs. 
Some attention is given to tobacco, also to wheat and other grains. 
Peaches, cherries and the smaller fruits yield abundantly. 



398 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

The C. A. & T. R. R. has about 4,000 acres of good land in this 
county which is offered for sale on liberal terms,* 

The Manufacturing Interests are confined to a few saw and grist- 
mills, some cotton gins and 2 wagon and carriage shops. 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county, per census of 1870, $5, 650, 000. f 

Railroads. — The Cairo, Arkansas and Texas Railroad passes along 
the north-western border and has about 4 miles of track in the county. 
Several other roads are projected. 

The Exports are corn, wheat, cotton and live stock. The latter 
are shipped in large numbers to the southern markets. 

Educational Interests. — Public schools are organized in every 
sub-district. There are also several private schools, and one academy 
where boys are fitted for college. 

NEW MADRID, the county seat, settled in 1780, is situated on an 
elevated plain above overflow on the Mississippi River, 275 miles by 
water below St. Louis, 54 miles below Belmont in Mississippi County, and 
is by land south from Morley and Sikeston in Scott County, respectively 
35 and 22 miles. Such have been the encroachments of the river at this 
point, that the place upon which the original town was laid off is now one 
and a half miles from its present site, being half a^nile on the other side of 
the Mississippi River in Kenfjicky. It is regularly built and contains 3 
churches — Catholic, Presbyterian and Methodist, i public and 2 private 
schools, I academy, 2 steam saw and grist-mills, 2 steam cotton gins and 
presses, a number of shops, about 20 stores, also several warehouses and a 
commodious wharf-boat for the storage and shipment of grains and cotton. 
At the beginning of the late Civil War, New Madrid was a military point 
of some importance, and in connection with Island No. 10, acquired much 
celebrity. Population, about 700. 

Point Pleasant, has a good location on the Mississippi River ic 
miles below New Madrid, and contains an estimated population of 200. 

Portageville, a post-office 1 7 miles s. w. of New'Madrid. 

* For full particulars, terms, prices, etc., see Appendix — page 

f Assessed valuation for 1873, ^1,087,827. Taxation, 95 cts, per $ioo. Bonded debt, j 1,400. Floating 
debt, 1 1 5, 000. 



NEWTON COUNTY, 

In the south-western part of the State, is bounded north by Jasper County, 
east by Lawrence and Barry, south by McDonald, and west by Indian 
Territory and Kansas, and contains 400,204 acres. 

Population in 1850, 2,118; in i860, 5,252; in 1870, 12,821, of 
whom 12,471 were white, and 350 colored; 6,689 niale, and 6,132 female; 
12,545 native (5,326 born in Missouri) and 276 foreign. 

History. — In 1829, Lunsford Oliver, a native of Tennessee, came 
from Arkansas, and being the first white settler in what is now Newton 
County, lived alone, having no neighbor within 40 miles. He located 
near Shoal Creek, on Oliver's Prairie, Avhich was named in honor of 
him, and here lived until his death in 1836. The next settlers were 
Campbell Pure, Blake Wilson, Levi Lee and Carmac Ratcliff, all of whom 
came from Tennessee in 1831, soon after the arrival of the Cherokees, 
Creeks and other Indian tribes, in the Indian Territory. They were 
soon followed by others, among whom John McCord, the founder of 
Neosho, and Judge M. H. Ritchie, the founder of Newtonia, were prom- 
inent. A gentleman having the singular name of Frosty Snow, and 
now (1874) living in the county, was also one of the earliest arrivals. 
The Indians at first felt great dissatisfaction at their removal from their 
rich lands in Georgia, and were inclined to feel jealous of the whites; 
but the richness of the soil, and the abundance of game soon reconciled 
them to their location, and perfectly friendly relations were almost imme- 
diately established. At times they crossed the line on hunting expedi- 
tions, but soon confined themselves to their proper limits. Newton was 
at that time a part of Crawford County, which embraced territory now 
divided into some 30 counties. Afterward, it was included in Barry 
County, until Dec. 31st, 1838, when it was, by act of Legislature, cut 
off, together with Lawrence and Jasper Counties. In 1854, McDonald 
County was formed from its southern portion, reducing Newton County 
to its present limits. At an early day, this country was known as the "Six 
Bulls," a name given it by the hunters, from the fact that six water- 
courses run very near each other, which, being fed by never-failing 
springs, maintained their volume and force throughout the year. 

In those early days there were no mills in this part of the State, but at 
nearly every door stood the mortar — so common in all south-western pioneer 
settlements — in which corn was made into meal, or hominy. Groceries 
and "store goods" were brought from the river on horseback, over the 
long and tedious Indian trails. The growth of the county was gradual 



400 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

and regular, until the late Civil War, during which Newton County, like 
the rest of south-western Missouri, was the scene of frequent skirmishes. 
It was "alternately occupied and plundered by both parties, and finally 
reduced to an almost uninhabitable condition. Every village was burned, 
and nearly every "hoof and horn" driven from" the county. Neosho, 
the county seat, was for a short time, in October 1861, the seat of the 
Confederate State Government. Gen. Schofield, with a Federal force, 
defeated Gen. Cooper of the Cenfederates, at Newtonia, in November 
1862, and Gen. James G. Blunt defeated Gen. Sterling Price at the same 
place, in October 1864. No other engagements deserving the name of 
pitched battles took place in Newt/jn County, although there were many 
skirmishes. 

Physical Features. — The face of the county is generally hilly, with 
about an equal division of timber and prairie, diversified by fertile bottom 
land. The soil, except on the hill tops, is rich and productive, and the 
prevailing rock, limestone. The timber is oak, walnut, hickory and other 
hard woods. The county is abundantly supplied with springs and water- 
courses. Shoal, Hickory, Lost, Indian Capps and Jones Creeks, besides 
numerous smaller tributaries, wind through the county, or intersect its 
borders, furnishing fine water power. The Grand Falls of Shoal Creek, 
in the north-western part of the county, are renowned for their beauty, 
and are a place of resort for pleasure parties from the vicinity. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, rye, oats, castor 
beans, etc. Tobacco of fine quality is raised, and is rapidly becoming a 
very important production. Fruit is largely grown, and yields well. 
Large tracts of good land are yet uncultivated, considerable of it being 
owned by the Agricultural College. The Atlantic & Pacific R. R, Co. 
have about 124,000 acres of good land in this county which they offer 
for sale on liberal terms at from ;^5 to $12.50 per acre.* 

Mineral Resources. — The Newton County Lead Mines are the 
oldest and, probably, the richest in south-western Missouri. The 
Granby Mines, discovered in 1855, yielded, up to the commencement 
of the war, 35,414,014 lbs. of lead; and since that time to May, 1873, 
19,675,205 lbs., in addition to large amounts of which no account was 
kept. The yield is now larger than ever, and 1 1 furnaces, which run night 
and day, are barely sufficient to smelt the ore. These mines are in and 
around the town of Granby. Other mines— the Cornwall, township 26, 
range 2>Z'i ^^^ ^^ Thurnian, township 27, range 33 — have been and are 
now yielding largely. The Mosely, Cedar Creek, Bowman, Seneca, and 
other mines, have produced more or less. The mineral wealth of Newton 
County is yet waiting development, as lead is everywhere found on 

* The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix- 



NEWTON COUNTY, 401 

slight search. Iron has been discovered in several places, but has not 
yet been developed. Coal has been discovered about five miles west ot 
Neosho. Tripoli stone, of the purest quality for polishing, has been dis- 
covered in great quantities near Dayton and Seneca. 

The Manufacturing Interests- consist of lead smelting furnaces, 
a foundry and machine shop, flouring and saw-mills, tripoli, tobacco and 
wagon factories, and distilleries. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $4,600,000.* 

Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific Railroad, passing through the 
county from east to Avest, has 33^^ miles of track; and the Memphis, 
Carthage & Northwestern Railroad has about 7 miles in the north-eastern 
corner of the county. 

The Exports are lead, wheat, corn, tobacco, horses, mules, cattle, 
bides, hogs, zinc and tripoli ; lead being the principal one. 

The Educational Interests are well attended to in the 76 sub- 
districts. Public schools are everywhere established, and in Neosho, 
Newtonia, and other towns, fine school buildings have been erected. 

Berwick, a station on the A. & P. R. R., 18 miles e. n. e. of Neosho. 

Capps Creek, (formerly Jollification,) 18 miles e. of Neosho and 6 
miles s. w. of Peirce City, has a population of about 50, a flouring-mill, 
distillery and general store. 

Dayton. — See Racine. 

Gibsonville, a post-office 9^ miles n. n. w. of Granby City. 

Granby, 8 miles n. e. of Neosho and i mile s. of Granby City, its 
railroad station, was settled in 1856, and has a population of about 2500. 
It is the center of the richest lead mines in the county, and the Granby 
Mining and Smelting Company's works, consisting of 11 furnaces, are 
located here. The place contains i church, i school and 14 stores, also 
a newspaper — the Gratiby Mmer. 

Granby City, on the A. & P. R. R., 8 miles n. e. of Neosho, has 2 
.stores and a population of about 75. 

Iron Switch, a station on the A. & P. R. R., 5 miles w. of Neosho. 

Jollification. — See Capps Creek. 

Kent, a post-office 16 miles s. e. of Neosho. 

Lodi, a post-office 8 miles n. of Neosho, 

NEOSHO, the county seat and principal town, on the A. & P. R. R., 
314 miles from St. Louis, is beautifully situated in the valleys of Hickory 
:and Shoal Creeks, 2 miles above their confluence and near the center of 
the county. Neosho is an Indian name, and signifies " Clear-Cold- 
IVater " — which is abundant in this region, as an immense spring gushes 
•out in the center of the town, forming a stream of considerable size. 
The town was first settled in 1840, incorporated in 1855, and again in 

■* Assessed valuation in 1873, 12,329,245. Taxation, $1.69 per ^100. The county has no debt. 



4oa CAMPBELLS GAZETTEEJi OF MISSOURI. 

1866. The business portion is in the valley, while the surrounding hills, 
covered with groves of oak and hickory, are crowned with handsome 
residences. The place contains a woolen-mill, a foundry, machine 
shops, a lead furnace, a flouring-mill, a tobacco factory, a planing-mill, 
a distillery, 2 wagon factories, and 2 newspapers — the Times and the 
Journal, the latter edited by Alfred M. Williams, Esq., i bank, 6 
churches — 2 Methodist, 2 Presbyterian, i Congregational and i Baptist ; 
4 schools and about 30 stores. Population about 2,000. 

Newtonia, pleasantly situated on Oliver's Prairie, n miles e of 
Neosho and 43^ miles s. of Ritchey, its railroad station, was chartered in 
1856, and laid out by Judge M. H. Ritchie in 1857. It has a flouring- 
mill, high school, 4 stores, and about 400 inhabitants. 

QuapaTV, a post-office 17 miles w. n. w. of Neosho, near the Indian 
Territory Line. 

Racine, (Dayton,) a station on the A. & P. R. R., 10 miles w. of 
Neosho, has a saw and grist-mill, a school house, 2 stores, and a popu- 
lation of about 100. 

Ritchey, on the A. & P. R. R., 13 miles e. n. e. of Neosho, has 2 
stores, a school-house, and a population of about 100. 

Seneca, on the A. & P. R. R., 16 miles w. of Neosho, in a beautiful 
valley, near the Indian Territory Line, has a machine shop, tripoli factory 
and 14 stores, and does a considerable trade with the Indians. 

Shoalsburgh, 12 miles n. w. of Neosho, has a flouring-mill, a store, 
and a population of about 50. 



NODAWAY COUNTY, 

In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by the Iowa 
State Line, east by Worth and Gentry Counties, south by Andrew and 
Holt, and West by Holt and Atchison, and contains 554,137 acres. 

Population in 1850, 2,118; in i860, 5,252; in 1870, 14,751, of 
whom 14,663 were white and 87 colored; 7,819 male and 6,932 female; 
13,901 native (5,180 born in Missouri) and 850 foreign. 

History. — To Hiram Hall is ascribed the honor of being the first 
white settler in Nodaway County, though perhaps a little before him 
James Bryant brought a barrel of whisky here, and built a little cabin 
in the Prather Grove, 7 miles south of Marysville, and traded his whisky 
to the Indians. He did not remain long, and Hiram Hall preempted 
the Prather Grove in the spring of 1840, and the next spring sold out to 
Col. Isaac N. Prather, who emigrated from Kentucky. During 1841 
settlements were made principally in the timbered districts, as tjie early 
settlers, who were generally from Kentucky, Tennessee, or the timbered 
portions of the southern part of Missouri, believed that the prairies were 
not worth cultivating, and therefore settled in a grove or along the river, 
and, preempting the timber, made farms there, their claims being gen- 
erally respected until the land was surveyed in 1842-3. 

When the county contained some 500 inhabitants the impression gen- 
erally prevailed that the country could not support a greater population. 
What was first known as Nodaway County was a part of the Platte Pur- 
chase, and embraced Andrew, and extended several miles north of the 
present State Line, but February 14th, 1845, it was reduced to its present 
limits. The first county court was held at the house of Col I. N. Pra- 
ther, 7 miles south of Maryville. The records show that Thomas 
H. Brown, James M. Fulkerson and John Low composed the court, 
Amos Graham clerk and Bartlett Curl sheriff. The county took its 
name from the principal river, the Nodaway, which in the Pottawattamie 
tongue signifies placid, a characteristic of the river. The removal of 
the Indians was ordered by Congress in 1836, but they were loth to 
give up the pleasant groves and streams of the Platte Purchase, and 
as the early settlers lived on amicable terms with them, many remained 
for years after their ofiicial removal. The last wigwam, however, was 
built in 1856. Among the early settlers who came before the organ- 
ization of the county, and still reside here, may be mentioned J. E. 
Alexander, Thomas and Hiram Groves, Wade H. and Wm. H. Davis, 
William Campbell, Allen and Silas Moyingo, John Jackson, Daniel and 



404 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Henry Swerengin, J. B. Prather, Chauncey Dalrymple, Levi Martin, 
Samuel Nash Sr., Ephraim Johnson, Joseph Hutson, James Noffsinger, 
Adonijah Roberts, Isaac Cox, John and Martin Gray, John Lamar, Sr., 
George and D. M. Vinsonhaler, William Blagg, E. S. Stephenson and 
Frank Conlin. 

Physical Features. — There are 3 principal streams running from 
the northern to the southern boundary, from 4 to 10 miles apart, which 
furnish an abundance of water power. Nodaway, with its tributaries — 
Mill, Clair, Sand, Bagbys, Elkhorn and Paint Creeks — drains the west- 
ern part of the county ; the central portion is traversed by One Hundred 
And Two River and its tributaries. White Cloud, Musingo Branch and 
Canal Branch ; the eastern part is drained by Platte River and its tribu- 
taries, Long Branch, Honey Creek, Elm Branch and others. While 
some of the bluffs are rugged, and in a few instances steep, the streams 
are generally bordered by long slopes and gentle declivities, which impart 
a peculiarly pleasing character to the scenery. Along the margins of the 
streams, mainly in the southern part, are level bottom lands, but by far 
the larger portion of the county is gently rolling. There is scarcely an 
acre within the boundaries that is too precipitous for cultivation, and 
very little overflowed land, most of which can easily be reclaimed. Timber 
occupies about one-third of the county, and consists of black walnut, 
white and red elm, mulberry, hickory, cottonwood, soft maple, burr, 
spotted, red, white and pin oaks, etc. The high grounds, overlooking 
either of the 3 principal streams, afford a charming view. Along the 
banks, which empty into larger streams, are belts of timber extending 
away to the prairies, while the course of the parent stream may be traced 
for a long distance northward and southward by the forests along its 
margin, which at some points spread out for miles on either side. Farms, 
groves and valleys lie below, as on a map, and every brooklet may be 
traced in its windings far away. Better than all, there is in the fertile 
soil the elements of still greater beauty, which are rapidly being devel- 
oped. This soil, generally from 2 to 6 feet in depth, is a rich, black, 
alluvial or vegetable mold, underlaid with a porous clay, which absorbs 
water rapidly, and yet retains the moisture. It is claimed that there is 
not a single quarter section in the county that is not susceptible of culti- 
vation, or from which an industrious farmer could not make a livelihood. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, rye, oats, barley, 
etc. Blue grass, timothy and clover, especially the former, do well. 
Unimproved lands are worth from $5 to $10 per acre. 

Mineral Resources. — The whole county is underlaid with coal, but 
as yet only the out-cropping veins have been worked. A very fine vari- 
ety of sandstone, and several quarries of limestone for building purposes, 
are found ; also fire clay, potters' clay and brick clay, but none of these 
have been fullv tested. 



NODAWAY COUNTY. 405 

* 

The Manufacturing Interests will be noticed under the head of 
the different towns where they are located. 

^Al^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^8, 400,000.* 

Railroads. — The Chicago Branch of the Kansas City, St. Joseph & 
Council Bluffs R. R. has 35 miles of road, passing through the center of 
the county, making direct communication between Chicago, St. Joseph 
and Kansas City. The only debt of the county is to this railroad, and is 
being paid off at the rate of ;^ 10,000 per annum. The Omaha Branch of 
the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. R. and the Quincy, Missouri 
& Pacific R. R. when completed, will probably pass through the 
central part of this county. 

Exports. — During the year 1873, Nodaway County exported 80,000 
bushels of wheat, 35,000 of barley, 35,000 of oats, 50,000 of corn, 35,000 
of rye, 35,000 hogs, 20,000 cattle, 1,500 horses and mules, 300,000 doz. 
of eggs, 60,000 lbs. of butter, 25,000 lbs. of wool. Hides, tallow, game and 
poultry, $15,000 worth ; aggregate value of exports about $2,000,000. 

The Educational Interests are in a very flourishing condition. 
The school fund is $90,000, and more than $50,000 are expended an- 
nually for this purpose, schools being maintained in every district from 6 
to 10 months each year. 

Barnard, on the Chicago Branch of the K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. R. 
and on the east bank of One Hundred And Two River, 14 miles s. of 
Maryville, a thriving village, was laid out December, 1870, on one of the 
earliest farms cleared in the timber, and is surrounded by one of the best 
settled portions of the county. It has i grist and saw-mill, 7 stores and a 
graded school. Population, about 300. 

Bridgewater, on the Chicago Branch of the K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. 
R. 7 miles s. of Maryville, has i grist-mill, 2 stores and a school-house. 

City Bluff, (Halsa's Ferry,) a post-office 16 miles n. w. of Maryville. 

Claremont, a post-office 14 miles n, w. of Maryville. 

Conception, 12 miles s. e. of Maryville, is a business place of some 
importance, being the center of what is known as the Irish Colony. A 
college and nunnery will soon be completed costing $50,000. It has 3 
stores, a school-house and a Catholic church. 

Eudora, a post-office 15 miles n. w. of Maryville. 

Graham, 16 miles s. w. of Maryville, in one of the wealthiest and best 
portions of the county, has 2 churches — M. E. and M. E. Ch. South, a 
graded school and 10 stores. Population, about 400. 

Guilford, 15 miles s. e. of Maryville, has 2 churches — M. E. and M. 
E. Ch. South, 2 stores, a harness shop and about 200 inhabitants. 

Halsa's Ferry. — See City Bluff. 

Hopkins, at the junction of the Maryville Branch of the K. C. St. J» 

•Assessed valuation in 1873, 15,590,638. Taxation, I1.45 per ^100. Bonded debt, ^65,000. 



4o6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MLSSOURL 

.& C. B. R. R. with the Creston Branch of the B. & M. R. R. R. i6 miles n. 
■of Maryville, on the east branch of One Hundred And Two River, and i 
"mile s. of the Iowa Line, was laid out in 1871, and is next to the county 
seat in importance; it commands a good trade and has a population of 
about 300, with the usual number of business houses, 2 churches and i 
graded school. 

Hughes, a post-office 8 miles s. w. of Maryville. 

Lamar's Station, a post-office 17 miles n. w. of Maryville. 

Luteston, a post-office 20 miles n. e. of Maryville. 

MARYVILLE, the county seat, and principal town on the Chicago 
Branch of the K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. R. 45 miles n. of St. Joseph, and 
near the center of the county, is beautifully located on the prairie, but 
bordered on the north-east by timber. It is 2^ miles west of and 170 
feet above the One Hundred And Two River, and was laid off in 1845, and 
named in honor of Mrs. Mary Graham, wife of Col. Amos Graham, the 
first resident lady, and who is still living in the town. The county court 
entered the old town quarter from the Government, and the patent is in 
the name of Nodaway County. The first sale of lots was in September, 
1845. The first lot sold, on which the City Hotel now stands, brought 
$75.00. The place now contains 6 churches — Presbyterian, Baptist, M. 
E. Ch. , M. E. Ch. South, Christian and Catholic, aggregate cost 
$40,000, I graded school, i furniture and i wagon and carriage factory, 
1 steam flouring-mill, 2 lumber yards, 3 hotels, 2 newspapers — The Demo- 
crat, W. J. Sloan, editor and proprietor, and The Republican, H. E. 
Robison, editor and proprietor. Population, about 2,500. 

Pickering, on the Chicago Branch of K. C. St. J. & C. B. R, R. 7 
miles n. of Maryville, was laid off in 1871, and has i agricultural imple- 
ment manufactory, i egg-packing establishment, i cheese factory (which 
sent the cheese weighing over 1,027 pounds, that took the premium over 
23 competitors at the St. Louis Fair of 1872,) 3 stores, i harness shop, a 
•school -house, etc. Population, about 200. 

Quitman, 12 miles w. of Maryville, on the Nodaway River, contains 
1 grist-mill, 2 churches — Christian and Methodist, a graded school, 6 
;Stores, a harness shop, etc. Population, about 150. 

S^veet Home, a post-office 15 miles e. of Maryville. 

Union Valley, a post-office 12 miles s. w. of Maryville. 



OREGON COUNTY, 

In the southern part of the State, is bounded north by Shannon and 
Carter, east by Carter and Ripley, south by the Arkansas State Line and 
west by Howell County, and contains 35 7^729 acres. 

Population in 1850, 1,432; in i860, 3,009; in 1870, 3,287, of whom 
3,283 were white, and 4 colored; 1,683 male, and 1,604 female; 3,279 
native (1,669 ^O''^ i^ Missouri), and 8 foreign. 

History. — In 181 6, Samuel Hatcher settled on the Eleven Points, 
near the present site of Thomasville, and for 3 years his solitude was 
undisturbed. In 1819, a few families settled in the "Richwoods" of 
Eleven Points, near Mr. Hatcher, and this proved the nucleus about 
which future settlements were made. The privations of these people 
were only such as are incident to pioneer life. True, their supplies were 
packed by horses from Ste Genevieve, a distance of 170 or 175 miles, but 
they were favored with a kindly climate, a fertile soil, abundance of 
water, plenty of game and wild honey and fruits, with excellent grass for 
their stock. Their lives were almost patriarchal in simplicity. 

Oregon was organized Feb. 14th, 1845, "^^i^h a population of about 750. 
This county, in common with this portion of the State, was laid waste 
during the Civil War, and nearly depopulated. 

Physical Features. — The general surface of the country is hilly. 
The valleys and bottoms along the water-courses are extremely productive, 
while the hills are rocky and unfit for cultivation, but affording an unlim- 
ited supply of excellent timber. In the north and north-east are im- 
mense pineries, which, to be made available, must be sawed by steam- 
mills, there being no water power convenient. All the varieties of oak 
abound, also hickory, ash, black walnut, birch and sugar maple. The 
greater portion of the county is watered by Eleven Points and its trib- 
utaries. This stream rises in the north-western part of the county, burst- 
ing from under a hill 300 feet high, with a rushing noise that can 
be heard far down the valley. About one mile south-east of the 
head of the river it forms a junction with the creek of the same name, 
and thence becomes navigable for small boats, and if properly improved, 
would form the great means for the transportation of the agricultural 
products of the county. The chief affluents of the Eleven Points in the 
north and east, are Spring, Hurricane, White, Dry, Pine and Frederick 
Creeks. In the western part are Middle, Barren and Warm Fork, the 
latter a tributary of Spring River. 



4o8 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

There are many large springs, some of them furnishing excellent water 
power. There are about 100,000 acres of tillable land in the county, 
but not more than 45,000 acres are now under cultivation. The Agri- 
cultural College owns about 8,240 acres, and there about 130,650 acres 
of Government Land. The "Grand Gulf" is a natural curiosity in the 
south-western part of the county. In a section where the surface is com- 
paratively level, the traveler suddenly comes upon this "gulf," three- 
fourths of a mile in length, 50 to 100 feet in width, and about 150 feet 
in depth, and .bridged by a rocky formation. There are several caves of 
interest, but none of them have as yet been fully explored. 

The Agricultural Productions are ,corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, 
potatoes and fruits. Cotton is grown to a limited extent. Stock is 
raised here with as little cost as in any part of the State, a fact due to the 
luxuriance of the native grasses, and to the exemption of the stock from 
disease. 

The Mineral Resources are wholly undeveloped, but indications 
of lead, iron, copper and kaolin have been found. 

The Manufacturing Interests have received but little attention, 
and consist of a few flouring and saw-mills. 

\A(^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $1,125,000.* 

The Exports are stock, lumber, wheat, corn and dried fruit. 

Educational Interests. — During the past year (1873) ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ 
been infused into the public school system, and there is a growing inter- 
est in educational matters. 

ALTON, the county seat, in the center of the county, 60 miles s. w. 
of Mill Spring, Wayne County, (on the St L. & I. M. R. S..,) was laid 
out in 1859, and contains a population of about 50. In 1863 the court- 
house and many other buildings were burned, and a great number of the 
inhabitants left. A good court-house has since been erected, also a sub- 
stantial church and school-house, but the town is not so large as it was^ 
previous to the war. 

Bandyville, a post-office 10 miles n. of Alton. 

Clifton. — See Warm ForTc. 

Hiwassie, a post-office 15 miles e. of Alton. 

Jobe, 21 miles s. e. of Alton, is surrounded by a good farming 
country, and is a thriving little village. 

Low Wassie, a post-office 13 miles n. e. of Alton. 

Pinkleyville, a post-office 14 miles s. e. of Alton. 

Thomasville, 10 miles n. w. of Alton, and 64 miles s. w. of Mill 
Spring, Wayne County, is pleasantly situated in the valley of Eleven 
Points, the view to the north and east of it being bounded by the 
immense pineries. It was laid out in 1846, incorporated in 1873, ^^^ is 

* Assessed valuation in 1873, ^17,135. Taxation, ^1^5 per ;^ioo. Bonded debt, |i8,i25.' Floating, 
debt. £8.121. 



OREGON COUNTY 409 

considered the best commercial point in the county. It has 3 churches 
— United Baptist, M. E. Church South, and Christian, i good school 
building, 6 stores, i steam flouring-mill, i shingle factory, and i weekly 
newspaper — The South Missourian. Population, about 200. 

"Warm Fork, (Clifton,) 14 miles s. s. w. of Alton, was laid off in 
1873, ^^cl is the business point for the south-western part of the county. 

Webster, 6 miles s. of Alton, situated in a rich farming country, is 
a trading point of some importance. 

^Voodside, a little settlement 6 miles n. of Alton. 



OSAGE COUNTY, 

In the central part of the State, is bounded north by the Missouri 
River, which separates it from Callaway, east by Gasconade, south by 
Maries, and west by Miller County and the Osage River, which separate? 
it from Cole, and contains 375,336 acres. 

Population, in 1850, 6,704; in i860, 7,879; in 1870, 10,793, of 
whom 10,467 were white, and 326 colored; 5,641 male, and 5,152 
female; 8,392 native (6,888 born in Missouri) and 2,401 foreign. 

History. — The first settlements were made by Germans and emi- 
grants from the Eastern States. The county was organized from Gascon- 
ade Jan. 29th, 1 841, and named for the Osage River. 

Physical Features. — The Missouri and Osage Rivers lie on the 
entire north-western boundary, and hkve numerous tributaries. Bailey, 
Shawnee, Deer and Cedar Creeks find their way to the Missouri ; Maries 
and Sugar Creeks are affluents of the Osage. The south-eastern part is 
watered by the Gasconade and a few small tributary creeks. The general 
character of the country is uneven, and some portions broken and sterile. 
The valleys are exceedingly fertile, and much of the table land will pro- 
duce good crops. The timber consists of oak, hickory, black walnut, 
etc., and saw-mills might do well on the Gasconade, Osage or Maries. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, rye, tobacco and 
barley. Rye, hemp, flax, broom-corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, buck- 
wheat, white or navy beans, all do well in favorable seasons. There are 
but few cultivated pastures in the county, and these do not succeed well, 
excepting in very wet seasons. Blue grass pastures are generally parched 
during the summer. The orchards planted on the south hill-sides and 
on the ridges produce well, not being subject to the attack of the borer. 
Some attention has been given to grape-culture and with marked success; 
about 50 acres are now bearing, and the fruit is of fine flavor and makes 
excellent wine. Improved breeds of hogs and cattle have been intro- 
duced and are paying well. 

Mineral Resources. — Osage County is believed to be rich in iron 
and lead, but no mines have been developed. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of 6 steam saw-mills and 
4 flouring-mills. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^3,000,000.* 

Railroads.— The Missouri Pacific R. R. has 25 miles of road fol- 
lowing the course of the Missouri River. 

* Assessed valuation in 1873, f 2,256,586. 



412 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS QUEL 

The Exports are wheat, tobacco, barley and stock. 

Educational Interests. — Public schools are established in nearly 
every sub-district, and there is a growing interest in the schools, evi- 
denced by the improved school-houses, furniture and apparatus. 

Bailey's Creek, a p. o. 8 miles n. e. of Linn. 

Boeger's Store, a p. o. 6^ miles e. n. e. of Linn. 

Bonnot's Mills. — See Dauphine. 

Byrne, a p. o. 15 miles s. e. of Linn. 

Castle Rock, ©n the Osage River, 15 miles w. of Linn, has i grist- 
mill and I store. 

Chamois, on the Missouri River and on the M. P. R. R., 100 miles 
from St. Louis, has 6 stores, a number of shops, and is a growing town. 

Cooper Hill, on the Gasconade River, 11 miles s. e. of Linn, has 3 
stores, several shops and 2 hotels. 

Dauphine, (Bonnot's Mills,) on the Missouri River and on the M. P. 
R. R., 112 miles from St. Louis, has 2 stores and one grist-mill. 

Fredericksburgh, 14 miles n. e. of Linn, has i store and i mill. 

Gallaway Station, a p. o. 16 miles s. e. of Linn. 

Koeltztown, 16 miles s. w. of Linn, has i store and i wagon shop. 

Kiddridge, a p. o. 7^ miles e. of Linn. 

LINN, the county seat, 10 miles s. e. of Bonnot's Mills, has 3 stores, 
I mill, 2 hotels, i saddler and i wagon maker. 

Linnwood, 10 miles e. of Linn, has i mill and i store. 

Loose Creek, 3 miles n. w. of Linn. 

Medora, (St. Aubert's Station,) on the Missouri River and on the 
M. P. R. R., 20 miles e. of Jefferson, a p. o. 11 miles n. of Linn. 

Mint Hill, a p. o. 8 miles n, e. of Linn. 



OZARK COUNTY, 

In the southern part of the State, is bounded north by Douglas, east by 
Howell, south by the Arkansas State Line and west by Taney County, and 
contains 472,320 acres. 

Population in 1850, 2,294; in i860, 2,447; i^ 1870, 3,363, of whom 
3,351 were white, and 12 colored; 1,658 male, and 1,705 female; 3,357 
native (1,895 t»orn in Missouri), and 6 foreign. 

History.— This county was organized and called Ozark, Jan. 29th, 
1 841. In 1843, it was rechristened as Decatur, but in 1845 its former 
name was restored. Ozark was sparsely settled, but improving slowly, 
when the late Civil War swept over it. The people fled to the more 
thickly settled portions of the State for protection from guerrillas and 
undisciplined soldiers, and the county was almost depopulated. It is 
now (1874) being rapidly resettled by an excellent class of people. 

Physical Features. — The central portion is mountainous, while the 
eastern and western parts are quite broken. The whole county is heavily 
timbered with the many varieties of oak, walnut, hickory, sugar-maple, 
ash and pine, the latter of remarkably fine quality. The principal streams 
in the eastern part are Big North Fork of AVhite River, Bryant's Fork of 
White River, and Pine, Cane and Lick Creeks ; in the western are Little 
Fork of White River and its numerous tributaries, chief of which are 
Spring, North Fork of Spring, Branch Fork of North Fork of White 
River, Turkey, Little, Otter and Pond Creeks. Along these streams are 
beautiful valleys from a quarter of a mile to a mile in width, and of won- 
derful fertility. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, rye, hay, 
tobacco, cotton, apples and peaches. 

Mineral Resources. — This is said to be a rich mineral district, but 
the indications have not been tested. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of a few grist and saw-mills. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $500,000.* 

The Exports are wheat, corn, tobacco and cotton. 

The Educational Interests are improving, and public schools are 
established in nearly all of the sub-districts, and there are also a number 
of private schools. 

Almartha, a post-office 15 miles n. of Gainesville. 

* Assessed valuation for 1873. ^290,335- Taxation, $1.70 per ^loo. Bonded debt, j4,Soo. Floating 
debt, |i,5oo. 



41 6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. ' 

GAINESVILLE, the county seat, 65 miles s. s. t. of Marshfield, 
Webster County, its nearest railroad station, is pleasantly located on Lick 
Creek, near the center of the county, and has been built within the last 
two years. It contains 5 stores, a wagon shop, a hotel, a school-house, q 
church — Methodist, and a court-house in process of construction. Pop^ 
ulation, about 150. 

Isabella, 12 miles w. of Gainesville, on the dividing ridge between 
the Little Fork of White River and the North Fork of Spring Creek, 
has a pleasant and healthful location, and contains 3 stores, a school- 
house, etc. 

Lick Valley, a post-office 5 miles s. e. of Gainesville. 

Melissa, a post-office 18 miles n. w. of Gainesville. 

Piland's Store, a post-office and store 18 miles n. w. of Gainesville, 

Rockbridge, 19 miles n. e. of Gainesville, has i store and a saw and 
grist-mill. 

St. Leger, a post-office and store 14 miles s. e. of Gainesville. 



PEMISCOT COUNTY, 

In the extreme south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by New 
Madrid, east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from Tennessee, 
south by the Arkansas State Line, and west by Dunklin County, and 
contains 327,725 acres. 

Population in i860, 2,962; in 1870,* 2,059, o^ whom 1,911 were 
white, and 148 colored; 1,079 male and 980 female; 2,042 native (910 
born in Missouri,) and 17 foreign. 

History. — Francis and Joseph Lesieur, the first white settlers of New 
Madrid, soon after 1780 opened a trading post at Little Prairie, a village 
of the Delawares on the Mississippi, near the present, site of Caruthers- 
ville. Soon after, the Spaniards, in their efforts to prevent the free 
navigation of the Mississippi River, established a fort at this point. The 
place, if we may credit tradition, presented a business-like air. Farms 
were opened, roads laid out, and everything promised permanent 
prosperity. Other settlements soon followed, one in the vicinity of 
Gayoso, one north of Big Lake, one on Little River, and one on Portage 
Bay. The changes in governments, the cession of Louisiana to France, 
and by France to the United States, did not affect the settlers, as they 
were protected in their land claims, and there was no check to their pros- 
perity until the terrible earthquake of 1811-12. (For full particulars see 
New Madrid County, page 394.) 

After this terrible experience, but (ew had the courage to remain in this 
section ; among those who did, was Col. John H. Walker, who lived at 
Little Prairie, and to whom the writer is indebted for particulars of the 
early history of the county. 

Pemiscot — signifying liquid mud — named for its principal bayou, was 
formed from New Madrid, Feb. 19th, i86t. Col. John H. Walker and 
James Eastwood of Little Prairie, Col. John Woodard of Point Pleasant 
and James A. McFarland marked the boundary line of the new county, 
and Hon. Wm. S. Moseley of New Madrid, Albion Crow of Scott, and 
Wm. Sayers of Mississippi, located the county seat at the present site of 
Gayoso. The first county court was composed of James Eastwood, pre- 
siding justice, Martin L. Stancil and Jonathan Scott, associates. The 
Civil War found the mass of the people southern sympathizers, and their 
representative in the State Legislature, Hon. Robert F. Cloud, followed 
the fortunes of Claiborne F. Jackson. 

* It is claimed that the census of 1870 for this county was incorrect, the true population at that time 
being fully 3,600. 



4i8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

April 2d, 1862, the county records were carried off by the Confederates^ 
but restored three years later, with only the loss of one execution docket, 
and one county court order book. March 31st, 1863, by act of Legisla- 
ture, the courts of New Madrid County assumed jurisdiction over Pemis- 
cot, and this act was not repealed until March 13th, 1866, but during 
those dark days the people did not appeal to courts to settle their differ- 
ences ; the revolver and the knife were the arbiters, and many a life 
went out upon trivial provocation. The county was overrun by thieving 
bands of guerrillas and unscrupulous soldiers who murdered and pillaged 
at will; but since 1865 it has been steadily growing in population and 
wealth. 

Physical Features. — Pemiscot County is an almost level plain, 
washed on its eastern shore by the Mississippi, and containing numerous 
lakes and bayous ; among the former, Cooper, Big Water, Robertson and 
Big Lakes, north of Gayoso; Tanner, Eastwood and Duland Lakes 
south of Gayoso , and Buffalo, Half Moon, Pemiscot and Cypress in the 
southern part of the county. Of the bayous. Portage forms part of the 
northern boundary ; Pemiscot Bayou winds in a tortuous ocurse nearly 
the entire length of the county, and Elk Chute, lying between Pemiscot 
and Little River, traverses the western part. 

There is an abundance of timber, consisting of ash, oak, elm, walnut and 
cypress, and the soil is of the richest character. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, cotton, tobacco, broom- 
eorn, wheat and oats. Stock-raising receives a good deal of attention. 
FtuitS) especially peaches, grow finely. 

The Manufacturing Interests are much neglected, and consist 
chiefly of ii cotton gins, (which during the winter of 1873-4 turned off 
an average of 350 bales of cotton each,) saw and grist-mills and black- 
smith shops. 

^A^ealth. — ^Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^850,000.* 

The Exports are corn, cotton, Irish and sweet potatoes, tobacco, 
fruits and vegetables, and walnut, oak, ash, sycamore, maple and cypress 
lumber. 

The Educational Interests have been much neglected, but they 
are receiving increased attention. 

Caruthersville, 4^ miles s. e. of Gayoso, and about ^ of a mile 
from the Mississippi River, previous to 1811-12 was the site of Little 
Prairie, a thriving town, but the earthquakes of that year leaving scarcely 
a vestige of the place, by common consent it took the name of Lost 
Village, and the first post office in the county was so called until 
Caruthersville was laid off" by Col. John H. Walker and Geo, W. Bushey 
m 1857, and named in honor of Hon. Samuel Caruthers. The town 

* Assessed valuation in 1873, ^547,198. Taxation, ^2 per ^loo. Bonded debt, JIS<'°<^ Floating debt, 
^2,500 



PEMISCOT COUNTY. 



419 



boasts of an excellent school, one of the best in this section, and has a 
population of about 80. 

Cottonwood Point, on the Mississippi River, 15 miles below 
Gayoso, near the foot of Island No. 18, is a trading point of some 
importance. 

GAYOSO, the county seat, situated near the Mississippi River, 314 
miles by water from St. Louis, and 65 miles from Morley, Scott County, 
its usual railroad station, was settled at an early period, and named for a 
Spanish Governor of Louisiana Territory. It was laid off in 1852, is 
near the center of the county, and has i good school, a fine court-house, 
a good Union church, i hotel, 3 stores and one newspaper — The Demo- 
crat, Geo. W. Carleton editor and publisher. 

Lint Dale, a trading point at the mouth of Old Pemiscot Bayou, was 
founded in 1873 ^7 Turner Chambelin and Geo. I. Coleman. It con- 
tains a large store and a warehouse, and is the principal shipping point 
for the southern part of both Pemiscot and Dunklin Counties. Three- 
fourths of a mile below Lint Dale, on the river, is a warehouse known as 
Midway, being exactly half the distance between Cairo, Ills., and Mem- 
phis, Tenn. At this point large quantities of cord-wood are annually 
supplied to steamboats. 

Stewart, (Stewart's Landing,) is a shipping point on the Mississippi 
River, 16 miles above Gayoso. A large amount of oak ship-timber is 
annually sent from this place, and steamboats stop here for supplies of 
cord-wood. 



PERRY COUNTY, 

In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north and east by the Missis- 
sippi River, which separates it from the State of Illinois, south by Cape 
Girardeau and Bollinger Counties, west by Madison, and north-west by 
St. Francois and Ste. Genevieve, and contains 295,356 acres. 

Population in 1830, 3,349; in 1840, 5,769; in 1850, 7,215; in 
1860,9,128; in 1870, 9,877, of whom 9,477 were white and 400 colored; 
5,004 male and 4,873 female; 8,334 native (7,331 born in Missouri) and 
1,543 foreign. 

History. — Perry County was settled between 1796 and 1800 by 
emigrants from Kentucky and Pennsylvania, the latter locating in the 
rich bottom lands of Bois Brul6 ; the former generally settling in the 
" Barrens " and along the waters of Saline Creek. About the same time 
the "Long Tucker" settlement was established on the Saline, and the 
"Short Tucker" settlement in the Barrens. Also about the same date 
the Layton settlement was made, part of which subsequently became 
the site of Perryville, which is located in the Bernard Layton survey, and 
on another part, i mile west of Perryville, was afterwards built the 
Roman Catholic institution, St. Mary's Seminary, on the Ignatius 
Layton survey. The settlements formed from Kentucky were Catholic, 
and those from Pennsylvania were Protestant. 

Among the early emigrants from Kentucky were the families of Moore, 
Layton, Cissell, Tucker, Miles, Dean, Manning, Hagan, Brewer, Duvall, 
McAtee, Riney and Haydon. From Pennsylvania were those of Burns, 
Shelby, Kinnison and Roark. Later, the Farrar and Abernathy settle- 
ments, led by the Farrars, Abernathys, Rutleges, Venables and Clines, 
from North Carolina, were established in the southern part of the county. 
The Flynns, Wilkinsons, Vallfe, Beauvais, Caldwells, Waters and Jones, 
all came at an early day. 

Many of these pioneers and their descendants have held positions of 
honor in the county ; among the Kentuckians may be mentioned Judge 
Isidore Moore,* who was a member of the first State Legislature, and also 
county judge and surveyor. Martin Layton was county judge, John C. 
Layton was representative, Felix Layton rose from the rank of lieutenant 
to that of major in the U. S. Army, and Thomas Layton has held the 
position of sheriff. Bernard Cissell, who died in 1872, was a lawyer of 
decided ability. Mark and R. M. Brewer worthily represented their 

♦Perry then formed part of Ste. Genevieve, but Judge Moore, and also the first Senator, Robt. T, 
Brown, resided within the present limits of Perrj'. 



422 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI 

family, the former as county judge for two terms, the latter as county 
judge, member of the State Legislature and colonel of the county mili- 
tia during the late war. 

"Uncle Peter Dean" has been a resident of Perry for 55 years. His 
youth being passed on the frontier, he grew to manhood ignorant of 
books, but by patient study he has overcome this difficulty^ The people 
with whom he has passed his long life have more than once shown their 
appreciation of his honesty and ability. For a long time he served as 
constable, 8 years as assessor and 2 terms as sheriff. Dr. Reuben Shelby, 
a descendant of the Pennsylvanians, has been county judge, county sur- 
veyor and speaker of the State House of Representatives 2 terms, and 
Henry T. Burns has been very popular as county clerk for a number of 
years. John H. Abernathy has held, for some years, and still holds the 
position of county judge, and is considered one of the ablest men who 
has ever filled this position. Simeon C. Duvall was made county judge. 
Thos. Riney represented the county in the State Legislature. 

Major F. L. Jones, one of the wealthiest and most respectable citizens, 
is a graduate of West Point, and served in the Mexican War, and rose to 
the rank of major in the regular army. Albert G. Abernathy, for a long 
time county superintendent of public schools, is now representative in 
the Legislature. 

Perry was organized November i6th, 1820, about 8 months after Mis- 
souri was admitted into the Union. The first circuit court was held at 
the house of Bede Moore, about 2 miles n. e. of the present site of Per- 
ryville. Richard Thomas was the presiding judge, and Greer W. Davis, 
now of Jackson, Mo., prosecuting attorney, Robert T. Brown sheriff, 
and Cornelius ^L Slatterly clerk. 

Until 1824 there were about 3,000 Indians in the county — two-thirds 
of them Shawnees and the remainder Delawares. Their chief village, 
Shawneetown, was about 9 miles south of Perryville. About 1821 a 
Shawnee Indian killed the wife of Andrew Burns, who lived south of the 
present site of Perryville. The Indian who committed the deed was pur- 
sued southward to the swamJDs, captured and killed, and his head placed 
upon a pole in Jackson, Cape Girardeau County. One old Indian, known 
as Cato, remained after the Shawnees and Delawares removed to their 
reservation. It was said that for having killed his wife he was excommu- 
nicated by his tribe, and condemned to solitude and fasting. However 
this may have been, certain it is that he lived alone for years on the 
banks of the Saline, and when removed to " the happy hunting grounds " 
received Christian burial by the white settlers. As the fertility of Perry 
became known, numbers of Germans and French were attracted to it, 
and these and their descendants are among the most valuable citizens. 
In truth. Perry had the good fortune to be settled by a class of men 
remarkable for their intelligence and uprightness, and their descendants 



PERRY COUNTY. 423 

do no discredit to them, for there is no portion of the State where reli- 
gion and education are more honored than here. Among the prominent 
attorneys who have practiced at the Perry County bar were Gen. Nath'l 
Watkins, John Scott, Judge Ranney and Col. Thos. H. Benton. 

During the Civil War the citizens of Perry remained loyal to the Gov- 
ernment, and Perry suffered less than many of her neighbors. Four 
men, Frank Tucker, Stephen Wimsatt, John Brewer and Sylvarius Lay- 
ton, peaceable citizens, charged with being "copperheads," were shot 
by some undisciplined soldiers of Gen. McNeil's command, and 2 men, 
Charles Stuart and a Mr. Pratte, who had been in the Confederate army, 
on returning home were captured and killed by some of the State Militia. 

Physical Features. — The western part of the county, along the 
head waters of Saline Creek and White Water River, is generally broken 
and hilly, and unprofitable for cultivation, except on the bottoms. The 
southern portion is also somewhat hilly, but the soil produces well. 

Parallel with the Mississippi River, though several miles from it, are 
the river hills, generally under cultivation, growing wheat, clover, etc. 
Just west of these is a large scope of country known as "the barrens," 
undulating table-lands, formerly merely covered with prairie grass, with 
here and there an antiquated oak, but now having a heavy growth of 
young timber, and discovered to be very productive. This section is 
indented occasionally by sink-holes, which communicate with subter- 
ranean water-courses, giving most admirable drainage. But the garden 
spot of the county is the Bois Brul6 (burnt wood) Bottom, lying between 
the hills and the Mississippi River, about 18 miles in length, and from 
4 to 6 miles in width. This belt of land is level and marvelously rich, 
producing from 40 to 100 bushels of corn, and from 30 to 40 bushels of 
wheat per acre. The county is drained by the South Fork of Saline, 
Bois Brule, Cinque Hommes, Amet, Brazeau, Indian and the head waters 
of White Water River, while the Mississippi lies on the entire eastern 
boundary. Cinque Hommes (five men) was named in remembrance of 
five men who were drowned while trying to cross it. Timber is abundant, 
consisting of cottonwood, linn, ash, poplar, maple, walnut, sugar-maple, 
sycamore, beech, several varieties of oak, dog-wood, etc. 

Excellent water power is furnished by many of the streams, and also 
by several springs. One -of the largest of these is about 6 miles west of 
Perryville, and has sufficient force to run a mill every day in the year. 
Silver Lake, just above this mill, and formed by the dam, is a favorite 
place of resort, and possesses great beauty. There are numerous caves 
near Perryville, 2 of which penetrate beneath the town. None of them 
have been fully explored, but sufficient investigation has been made to 
show that beneath the whole central part of this county a curious subter- 
ranean world exists. Dr. Shelby penetrated one a distance of 4 miles. 
Grand Tower, about one mile below the town of Wittenberg, on the 



424 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

west side of the river, about 60 feet from the shore, is a tower of solid 
rock about 75 feet high, from which a fine view of the river, the bluffs 
and the city of Grand Tower on the opposite bank, may be had. 

The Agricultural Productions consist of the cereals, grasses, 
A^egetables and fruits. Wheat, however, is the great staple, and the quality 
is not surpassed by any in the world, as shown by the premiums awarded it 
at various times and places. Fruit-culture is receiving increased attention, 
'especially grape-growing. 

The Mineral Resources consist of lead and iron, undeveloped as 
jet for want of capital. Several lead mines have been opened in the 
western part of the county, the most extensive being 6 miles west of 
Perryville. Iron is being mined in the southern part of the county at 
the Birmingham Mities. Silica is found in inexhaustible quantities in 
the southern part of the county. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of grist and saw-mills, and 
.1 furnace. The Bishop's Mill, on Saline Creek, built by and named in 
ihonor of Bishop Rosatti, has been in operation for 50 years. 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $4,650,000.* 

Railroads. — The Chester & Iron Mountain Railroad, now in process 
'Of construction, will pass through Perry County from St. Mary's to, 
*Clarysville, about 8 miles. The great river route from St. Louis, now 
b>eing agitated, will of course pass through Perry County. 

The Exports are wheat, flour, corn, lumber and a small quantity of 
lead and iron. 

Educational Interests. — The popular feeling is strongly in favor 
lof the public schools, which are established in every sub-district, and are 
under the charge of teachers that compare favorably with any in the State. 
The Brazeau High School, closed for a number of years, has been re- 
'Opened under the charge of the Presbyterian Church. A private school 
under the control of the Sisters of the Sacred Blood, bids fair to become 
-one of the permanent institutions of Perryville. One of the buildings of St. 
Mary's College, located one mile west of Perryville, was burned in 1866. 
This is one of the oldest educational institution in the State, having been 
established in 1824 by the Order of Lazarists. Some prominent men in 
church and state were educated here. Among them, may be mentioned 
Senator Morrison of Mississippi County, Gen. Rozier of Ste. Genevieve, 
Rudolph Rozier of New Orleans, Drs. Brennen and Hogan of St. Louis, 
Rev. A. Ryan, the poet-priest of the- South, Dr. Shelby of Perryville, 
Jules Valid of St. Louis, Archbishop Odin of New Orleans, Bishop Tyman 
of Buffalo, Bishop Lynch of Montreal, Bishop Ammat of Los Angelos, 
Cal., Stephen Ryne now (1874) Bishop of Buffalo, and Michael Dominic 
.now Bishop of Pittsburg. A private school is now conducted at this 

* Assessed valuation for 1873, $2,190,718. The county has no debt. 



PERRY COUNTY. 425 

place, but it is expected that the college, which after the burning of the build- 
ing was removed to Cape Girardeau, will be re-established here. The 
college, church and seminary buildings here are among the finest south 
of St. Louis, and the park, the orchards and gardens make it one of the 
most charming places in this section of country. 

There are 19 private schools in the county, with an attendance for 
1873 of 713 ; 49 public schools, property valued at ;gii,46o, attendance 
1,709. There are also 3 schools for colored children, 

Abernathy, (Longtown,) 7 miles s. e. of Perryville, named in honor 
of John Long, Sr., has 3 stores and i wagon shop. 

Altenburg, 5 miles w. s. w. of Wittenberg, was settled in 1838 by 
a colony of Germans, and is now almost entirely inhabited by their de- 
scendants. It was incorporated in 1868, and has 2 Lutheran churches, 
one just erected is a beautiful stone edifice costing $15,000, 2 public and 
2 German schools, 8 stores, i grist-mill, and i shingle and stave manufac- 
tory. One peculiarity of the people is that they rarely have any law suits, 
their difficulties being usually settled by the church authorities. Popula- 
tion, about 400. 

Biehle, a post-office 10 miles s. of Perryville has i store. 

Clarysville, on the Mississippi River, 15 miles n. e. of Perryville and 
opposite Chester, Ills., has recently been laid off by Capt. C. Williams. 
It is located in the Bois Brule Bottom, and is the terminus of the C. & I. 
M. R. R., now in process of construction. It has i store and a school- 
house. There is a steam ferry at this point. 

Eureka, 8 miles e. of Perryville, has i store. 

Frohna, 15 miles s. e. of Perryville, has i Lutheran church, 2 stores 
and a steam flouring-mill. 

PERRYVILLE, the county seat, is 32 miles e. n. e. of Frederick- 
town, on the St. L. & I. M. R. R., and 12 miles from St. Mary's. 
In 1821 Wm. Flynn, Benj. Davis, Simon Duvall, John Layton and Bar- 
nabas Burns selected the site of the county seat, and Robert T. Brown, 
Joseph Tucker and Thomas Riney were appointed commissioners to 
superintend the building of the court-house and jail. This town is 
situated on a high plain, surrounded by a rich farming country, and is 
tastefully and substantially built. It is well supplied with building stone 
and timber. It has 3 churches — Lutheran, M. E. Ch. and Catholic, i 
public and several private schools (described under Educational Interests,) 
2 steam saw and flouring-mills, 6 stores, 2 hotels and 2 newspapers — The 
Union, W. H. Booth, editor and proprietor, and The People'' s Forum, 
Robinson & Crawford, editors and proprietors. Population, about 600. 

Silver Lake, 10 miles w. s. w. of Perryville, located In a beautiful 
valley, was settled in 1868, and has i mill and i store. 

Unionto^vn, 12 miles s. e. of Perryville, has i store and i wagon 
shop. 



426 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Wittenberg, on the Mississippi River, zo miles s. e. of Perryville, 
ii8 miles below St. Louis, and nearly opposite Grand Tower, Ills., was 
settled by a German colony in 1838. This colony aimed at founding a 
magnificent Lutheran church, on a lofty eminence on the river bluff, 
which was to be the New Zion of that denomination in America. But 
meeting with some misfortunes this idea was abandoned, and the large 
bell brought from Europe for the church, was sold to the Catholic church 
in St. Louis, called The College. This is the great shipping point 
for the eastern part of Perry and the northern portion of Cape Girardeau 
Counties. The encroachments of the river have retarded its growth, but 
it has a population of about 500, and contains a fine flouring-mill, i steam 
saw-mill, 2 stores, 2 warehouses, i brewery and an excellent public school. 
Its citizens, mostly the original German colonists and their descendants, 
are like those of Altenburg, an industrious and honest people, and have 
added much to the wealth and prosperity of Perry County. 

Younts' Store, a post-office 1 7 miles s. w. of Perryville. 



PETTIS COUNTY, 

In the west-central part of the State, is bounded north by Saline County, 
east by Cooper and Morgan, south by Benton, and west by Henry and 
Johnson Counties, and contains 446,289 acres. 

Population in 1840, 2,930; in 1850, 5,150; in i860, 9,392; in 
1870, 18,706, of whom 16,580 were white and 2,126 colored; 9,882 male 
and 8,824 female; 17,156 native (8,584 born in Missouri) and 1,550 
foreign. 

History. — In 18 18 Nimrod Jenkins and a few others settled on La 
Mine River, in the north-eastern part of the county, which then formed 
a part of Cooper. Solomon Reed (father of Mathias Reed, now living a 
few miles south-east of Sedalia,) came from Crab Orchard, Ky., and set- 
tled in 1 82 1 in what is now known as Pettis County. He was a genuine 
pioneer, all his life having been spent on the "outskirts of civilization." 
He was liberal in his dealings with the Indians, and was always on familiar 
and friendly terms with them, and among them he bore the sobriquet 
of " Pumpkin," owing to the fact that they could always get from him a 
supply of that vegetable, of which they seemed to have been very fond. 
One year later Jesse Shope, Silas Jenkins and Sylvester Hall located on 
Black Water Creek, and the following year Reuben Gentry, Thomas 
Osborne, Wm. O'Bannon from Crab Orchard, Ky., with some others 
settled on Muddy Creek in the north-eastern part of the county. 

A German settlement was made on Lake Creek in 1831. Pettis was 
organized from Saline and Cooper, Jan. 26th, 1833, and the county seat 
located at Wasson's or Pin Hook Mill, which they named St. Helena, 
although this name never came into general use. The first term of the 
circuit court was held in July of that year, with John F. Ryland judge, 
and Amos Fristoe, clerk. At the time of its organization there were but 
few farms in the county, principally on Black Water and Heath Creeks, 
and it had a population of only about 600, but lured by the fertility of the 
soil, the beautiful prairies and the well-timbered streams, settlers soon 
flocked in, and in 10 years there were nearly 3,000 people. 

Daniel Klein made the first Government entry in the county, July i6th, 
1823. The first deed was put on record June 14th, 1833, ^rom Middle- 
ton to Andrew Anderson. The first mortgage is dated July 9th, 1834, 
and was made by E. B. Rathburn to George Gill. 

St. Helena remained the county seat until 1837, when Georgetown, then 
laid out, succeeded to the honor. Clifton Wood, Esq., now President of 
the Citizens' Bank of Sedalia, was the first merchant. George R. Smith, 
since Adj. Gen. of the State and founder of Sedalia, and James Ramey took 



428 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS OUR L 

the contract for building the " old brick court-house," a fine edifice for 
those days, costing about ^4,000, where justice was dispensed until 1862, 
when the county seat was removed to Sedalia. 

This city being a military post during the late Civil War, Pettis was 
subjected to raids from both armies. 

Physical Features. — The surface of the county is gently rolling 
prairie, except along the margin of the streams, which are bordered with 
timber, and often rise into bold and precipitous bluffs from 50 to 250 feet 
high. 

In the northern part the county is well watered by Black Water, Heath, 
Beaver Dam, Brushy, Turkey and Muddy Creeks ; in the southern by 
Flat Creek, Lake Creek, Spring Fork, Basin Fork, Camp Branch and 
Elk Fork with their tributaries. La Mine River, curving sharply westward, 
enters the county in the north-east, and after pursuing a winding course 
for a mile or two, turns to the east and leaves as abruptly as it entered. 

Most of the streams, which are clear and pebbly-bottomed, abounding 
in fish, flow north-easterly toward the Missouri into which they empty by 
means of La Mine River. 

The soil is generally a rich dark loam, from 15 to 30 inches deep, 
underlaid with clay, and but few counties in the State excel it in pro- 
ductiveness. 

Of the 446,289 acres embraced in the county, about 360,000 are prairie, 
and the remainder, except a few thousand acres of bottom lands along the 
creeks, is bluff"y or gently sloping timbered land. At least 400,000 acres 
are capable of cultivation, and the rough lands when cleared are suitable 
for pasturage. The timber which skirts the streams consists of oak, hickory, 
hackberry, black walnut, black oak, etc. 

Agricultural Productions. — Wheat and corn are the staple crops, 
some of the farms having 1,000 acres of each. Hemp, oats, tobacco 
and castor-beans are also cultivated. Cattle, hogs, horses and mules 
are raised in great numbers and shipped to eastern and southern 
markets. Timothy, clover and blue grass have in some sections almost 
superseded grain-raising for stock. About three-fourths of the county is 
under cultivation, and 75,000 acres are woodland. In 1870 over 1,500,000 
bushels of grain were raised, and the number of cattle, hogs and sheep 
were over 68,000. 

Mineral Resources are not largely developed. Coal exists in 
all parts of the county, and a number of banks have been opened. Lead 
has been found, and two companies have been formed to ascertain if it 
exists in paying quantities. Iron occurs in different places ; red and 
yellow ochre are abundant, and potters' clay is being worked near Dresden 
and Lamonte, and emery of a superior quality, in large quantities, has 
recently been found in the north-eastern part of the county. Zinc and 
water-limestone have also lately been discovered. 



PETTIS COUNTY. 429 

The Manufacturing Interests are as yet not fairly defined, but the 
favorable location and the railroad facilities will doubtless make Sedalia a 
good manufacturing point. In the notice of the towns will be found fuller 
accounts of the manufactories of the county. 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $12,000,000.* 

Railroads. — There are 75 66-100 miles of railroad in this county, of 
which the Missouri Pacific R. R. extending across the center from east to 
west has 31 25-100 miles; the Lexington Branch running north-west from 
Sedalia 20 75-100 miles, and the Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R. from the 
south-west to the north-east has 33 85-100 miles inclusive of switches. 

The Exports are chiefly, cattle, horses, sheep and hogs, besides 
corn, hay, hides, wool and coal. Flour, steam-engines, farming ma- 
chinery and utensils, buggies, carriages and farm wagons, horse collars, 
saddlery and harnesses are exported to some extent. 

The Educational Interests receive marked attention. Public 
schools are established in every sub-district, and are well attended, and 
supplied with excellent teachers. The number of children of school age 
is 6,338 ; average attendance, 4,004. There are 94 primary, 2 high and 
7 colored schools, besides 7 private schools ; 80 frame school-houses, 6 
brick and i log; aggregate value, $100,320; value of furniture and appa- 
ratus, $7,800. There are iii teachers employed in the public schools, 
the highest salary paid being $150 per month; average salary paid to 
men, $46.27; to women, $35.50 per month. 

Beaman. — See Marlin. 

Dresden, on the M. P. R. R. , 7 miles w. of Sedalia, was laid out 
about i860, by Wm. Agee and Thos. Lester. It contains 5 stores, 2 
wagon and 2 broom-factories, i pottery, i flouring-mill, i grain elevator, 
2 churches, i public school with 3 teachers, and i school for colored 
children. Population in 1870, 348. 

Dunksburg. — See Sigel. 

Green Ridge, on the M. K. & T. R. R., 12^ miles s. w. of Sedalia, 
was laid out in 1870 by Albert Parker, Esq., of Sedalia, and called Park- 
ersburg, but the name was changed to the name of the post-office formerly 
about a mile distant from the present town. It contains 4 stores, a wagon 
shop, etc., and has a good public school building. Pop., about 200. 

Georgetown, on the Lexington Branch of the M. P. R. R., 3 miles 
n. of Sedalia, is the oldest town in the county, having been laid out in 
1837, from which time until 1862, it was the county seat. It contains 
Forest Grove Seminary, one of the oldest educational institutions in 
Central Missouri, and Georgetown College, incorporated about 1869, 
which also has a high reputation. Population, about 500. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $6,319,452. Taxation, )J2. 60 per Jioo. Bonded debt, {590,000, being a 
railroad debt : Lexington Branch $305,000; Missouri, Kansas & Texas, {285,000. Floating debt, 
fco.ooo. The bonded debt of Sedalia is {100,000 making the total county and municipal debt {690,000. 



430 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

Houstonia, on the Lexington Branch of the M. P, R. R., i6 miles 
n. w. of Sedalia, was laid out in 187 1, and named in honor of Col. T. 
F. Houston. It contains 2 churches — Christian and M. E. Ch. South, 
valued at about 1^1,500 each; a flouring-mill worth ^11,000, and 5 stores. 
Population, about 200. 

Hughesville, on the Lex. B'ch of the M. P. R. R., n miles n. w. 
of Sedalia, laid out in 1871, and named in honor of R. Hughes, Esq., 
one of the oldest residents of the county, contains 2 stores, a hay press 
and warehouse. Population, about 50. 

Ionia City, 16 miles s. w. of Sedalia, was laid out in 1866 by Henry 
Pollard, now of Clinton. It contains 2 stores and about 50 inhabitants. 

Keightley's, a station on the M. K. & T. R. R., 6>^ miles s. w. 
of Sedalia. 

Lamonte, on the M. P. R. R., 12 miles w. of Sedalia, was laid out 
in 1867 by Col. F. W. Hickox and J. R. McConnell. It is a growing 
town in a fine farming country, and has i hotel, a good school, a pottery, 
6 stores and 3 churches — Christian, Methodist and Presbyterian, valued 
at $3,000 each. Population, about 400. 

Lincolnville, adjacent to Sedalia, sometimes called St. Eyre, and 
popularly known as " Darkeytown," has a population of about 1,000, 
all of whom are colored. Until 1872, it formed a part of Sedalia, and 
is still within that school district, and also within the corporate police 
limits. It has 2 churches — Methodist and Baptist. 

Longwood, 15 miles n. e. of Sedalia, one of the oldest towns in the 
county, contains a half dozen stores and shops, and a population of 
about 100. 

Marlin, (Beaman,) 7 miles n. e. of Sedalia, on the M. K. & T. R. R., 
founded in 1873, has one or two stores. 

Rowletta, a post-office 6 miles n. of Lamonte. 

SEDALIA, "the Queen City of the Prairies," the county seat, 189 
miles w. of St. Louis, 96 miles e. of Kansas City, and 30 miles from the 
Missouri River, was laid out in 1859 by Gen. Geo. R. Smith, and the 
same year the first house was erected by James Skinner. The place 
was originally named Sedville, by Gen. Smith, for his daughter Sarah, 
familiarly called Sed, but the name was afterward changed by him to 
Sedalia. In January i860, the M. P. R. R. was opened from St. Louis 
to the town. Gen. Smith having been one of the most active workers in 
raising funds to locate it on what was known as the Inland Route, to 
distinguish it from the River Route. This, for more than 2 years, was the 
terminus of the road, work on it being stopped by the Civil War. In the 
early part of the war, this place was made a d6p6t for military supplies, 
and remained a military post until the surrender. During this time no 
substantial improvements were made, owing to the numerous raids of the 
Confederate troops which kept the surrounding country in a state of 



PETTIS COUNTY. 431 

excitement. The town was captured twice during the war, first by Capt. 
Staples in 1861, and afterward by Gen. Jeff. Thompson, with apart of 
Gen. Sterling Price's command, Oct. 15th, 1864. In 1862, for greater 
security the county records were moved from Georgetown to Sedalia, 
which has since remained the county seat. At the close of the war, the 
population was about 1,000, and its buildings were so temporary that 
scarcely any of them are now standing. 

A charter was granted to the town Feb. 15th, 1864, with Gen. Smith as 
the first mayor, and from that time the growth has been more substantial 
and permanent. For some years it was the principal shipping point for 
the South-west, and now takes rank among the most important railway 
centers of the State, being on the line of the M., K. & T. R. R., (the 
general offices of which company are located here) ; also on the M. P. R. 
R. , and the south-western terminus of the Lexington Branch of the latter 
road. All these roads have round-houses and machine-shops at this place, 
employing many workmen and paying out ^50,000 per month. 

The city donated to the M. P. R. R. 20 acres of land and $40,000 in 
bonds to remove their shops from Jefferson City, Holden and State Line 
and concentrate them at this point. 

In 1868 a gas company was organized, and on Jan, 23d, 1869, the town 
was first lighted with gas. A boulevard called Broadway, 1 20 feet wide, 
having four rows of shade trees dividing the road into four drives, has 
been laid out; and on this have been erected some very fine residences, 
costing from six to thirty thousand dollars. 

The Library Association, organized in 1871, has fine library and reading 
rooms. The Central Missouri Agricultural and Mechanical Association 
and the Central Missouri Horse Fair Association have extensive grounds 
and hold annual fairs. 

The High School building and grounds on Broadway are worth 
$40,000. There are 3 other school buildings, one of which is for colored 
children. 

The city is well supplied with water from Flat Creek, 3 miles distant, 
by the Holly Water Works, erected in 1872 at a cost of $125,000. 
From the works to the highest point of the town is an elevation of 153 
feet, and with the engines nearly 3 miles distant, they have force enough 
to throw 3 streams of water 135 feet high. 

There are 4 newspapers — The Times, weekly, published by Cephas A. 
Leach, The Sedalia Bazoo, daily and weekly, by J. West Goodwin, The 
Opinion, weekly, by J. G. Magan, and The Detnocrat, daily and weekly, 
by the Democratic Press Co., A. Y. Hull, editor. The city contains 
10 churches — Catholic, Baptist, M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, German 
Methodist, Presbyterian, O. S. Presbyterian, Congregational, Christian and 
Episcopal, with an aggregate value of $73,000. The location of Sedalia, 
near the center of the State, its railroad communication in 5 directions. 



432 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

its water works giving it an abundant supply of water, and the fine agri- 
cultural country surrounding it, make its prospects good for being a 
successful manufacturing point. There are now i foundry, an agricultural 
implement manufactory, a tannery, i collar, i soap, i carriage and 4 
wagon factories, i woolen and 2 flouring-mills, with a capacity of 300 
barrels per day, 3 banks, more than 300 business firms whose trade in 
1872 amounted to over ^4,000,000, and several wholesale houses having 
an extensive trade through the South-west. Population in 1870, 4,560; 
present population, about 7,000 to 8,000, 1,000 of whom are colored. 

Sigel, (Dunksburg,) 20 miles n. w. of Sedalia, and 7 miles from 
Brownsville, was laid off in 1849, ^^^ called Bee Branch from the stream 
on which it is situated, afterward named in honor of Dr. B. F. Dunkley, 
who owned the land on which it is built, but when that gentleman became 
a sympathizer with the Confederate cause, it was rechristened in honor 
of Gen. Sigel. It was here that Capt. Wallace F. McGuire, in 1861, 
captured a large squad of Confederates, after a sharp fight. The place 
contains 2 churches — Christian and Methodist, i store, i flouring-mill, i 
wagon shop, etc., and a vineyard and wine vaults. Population, about 
150. In the immediate neighborhood there is plenty of timber, water, 
building stone and coal, and excellent quarries of whetstone and grind- 
stone. 

Smithton, on the M. P. R. R., 8 miles e. of Sedalia, was laid out in 
i860, and was formerly called Smith City, in honor of Gen. Geo. R. 
Smith. It has 4 churches — Methodist, German Methodist, Christian and 
Baptist; aggregate value, about ^6,000; i flouring-mill, i wagon factory, 
6 stores and a fruit tree nursery. Population in 1870, 310. 

Thornleigh, a post-office 8 miles n. of Sedalia. 



PHELPS COUNTY, 

In the south-east-central part of the State, is bounded north by Maries 
and Gasconade Counties, east by Crawford and Dent, south by Dent 
and Texas, and west by Pulaski and Maries, and contains 429,163 acres. 

Population, in i860, 5,714; in 1870, 10,506, of whom 10,212 
were white and 294 colored, 5,292 male and 5,214 female; 9,692 
native (5,317 born in Missouri) and 814 foreign. 

History. — The first settlers in what is now Phelps County were 
McCagor Morris, who located on Big Island, and Benj. Wishon, Jas. S. 

Dillon, S. M. Nichols, John Webber, Snodgrass, and Martin 

Miller, who settled near and west of the present site of Rolla. In 1826, 
Samuel Massey of Ohio, came to the county, and was guided by Mr. 
McCagor Morris to the present site of the Maramec Iron Works, where 
Mr. Massey entered about 1,500 acres of mineral land for himself and 
for Mr. Thomas James, of Ohio. The latter soon followed him to the 
new country, and these two gentlemen built the Maramec Iron Works, 
which went into operation in 1829, and are consequently the oldest 
works of the kind in Missouri. A little settlement sprang up here, and 
in 1835 ^t contained about 50 families, among whom were those of 
Messrs. Gorman, Farry, Hawkins and others, who are still residents of 
Phelps. This county was organized from Crawford Nov. 13th, 1857, 
and the first county court was held Nov. 26th of the same year, at the 
residence of John A, Dillon, 6 miles east of Rolla, Wm. C. York, John 
Motlack and Hiram Lane, justices; Francis Wishon, sheriff; and Lyle 
Singleton, clerk. The county was but sparsely settled until after the 
close of the Civil War, for although the A. & P. R, R. was completed to 
Rolla in i860, the almost immediate commencement of hostilities pre- 
vented immigration, and it was not until after the restoration of peace 
that the settlement of this county fairly commenced. 

Physical Features. — Along the larger streams the country is 
broken and hilly, interspersed with perpendicular bluffs from 200 to 300 
feet in height. The bottoms vary from a few hundred yards to a mile in 
width, bordered by high ridges, upon the top of which are wide tracts 
of level or slightly undulating land. Between these ridges, the country 
extending from one stream to another, is diversified with broad, smooth, 
but irregular swells, between which are exceedingly fertile valleys, not 
usually exceeding half a mile in width, but often several miles in length, 
and known as ** prairie hollows." The whole being sufficiently undulat- 
ing to be well drained, and, excepting a small portion, sufficiently level 



-434 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

for agricultural purposes. The timber consists of the different varieties 
•of oak, also walnut, maple, ash, elm, sycamore, etc. The best timber 
is found in the bottoms, but some portions of the highlands produce a 
medium growth of white, black and post oak. hickory and hazel. 
A part is sparsely timbered with small black jack, post oak and hickory, 
forming what are termed "oak openings." 

The country is watered by the Gasconade, Big and Little Piney, 
Beaver, Bourbeuse, Maramec, Spring Creek and other smaller streams, all 
of them clear and rapid, and furnishing fine mill sites. Springs are 
numerous, and many of them furnish good water power, especially Mara- 
mec Spring at the Maramec Iron Works. 

The soil is generally very productive along the bottoms, in the prairie 
hollows and on the broad ridges, where most of the prairies are found, 
deep and rich. The hillsides produce an abundance of grasses, and seem 
especially adapted to the cultivation of the grape. 

There are a number of interesting caves, the most accessible of which 
is Friede's Cave, about 9 miles n. w. of Rolla. Its mouth is 60 feet in 
width and 35 feet in height. It has been penetrated to a distance of 
three miles without finding any outlet. It contains three large chambers, 
respectively called, the Bat Chamber, Waterfall Chamber, and Stalactite 
Chamber. The latter is a beautiful apartment of 200 yards in length, 
varying from 15 to 30 feet in width and from 5 to 30 feet in height. 
The Bat Chamber contains thousands of wagon loads of bat guano, which 
is extensively used by the farmers of the neighborhood. The cave also 
contains quantities of saltpetre, and during the war large amounts of 
powder were manufactured there. 

Agricultural Productions. — All kinds of grain do well, and 
wheat is considered a sure crop. The excellent grass, short winters, 
extensive range and abundance of water, with the near market, make 
stock-raising very profitable. All kinds of fruit and vegetables suited to 
the latitude, yield abundantly. 

Mineral Resources. — There are, in Phelps County, about 40 
known deposits of blue specular iron ore, and many more smaller depos- 
its. Among the most prominent are the Maramec, Buckland and 
Beaver Creek banks, the aggregate shipments from which reached in 
1873, upwards of 35,000 tons of high grade ores. The first named mine 
has been worked for a number of years, and has supplied the Maramec 
furnace with ore. This furnace is 9}^ feet bosh and 34}^ feet high, cold 
iDlast, using charcoal fuel ; the power is furnished by a large spring. The 
iron from the furnace is hauled to St. James, 7 miles distant, and reaches 
market over the A. & P. R. R. The Ozark Iron Works, 10 miles west 
of Rolla, have just been completed. The furnace is 13 feet bosh, 42 feet 
high, hot blast, charcoal fuel, and will use ores from the Beaver Creek 
and other convenient banks. No systematic explorations for lead and 



PHELPS COUNTY. 



435 



zinc have yet been undertaken, but their existence is presumed from the 
great developments of the 3d magnesian limestone in portions of the 
county, and is confirmed by the large amount of float mineral that is 
from time to time discovered. Copper has been found as segregations 
in some of the iron deposits, but not in paying quantities. Good sand- 
stone and limestone for building are found in all parts of the county, and 
are accessible, and easily quarried in almost any desired shape or size. 
There is also good clay for brick, and an excellent quality of fire clay is 
found in large quantities. 

The Manufacturing Interests of Phelps County are yet in their 
infancy. They consist of the Maramec and Ozark Iron Works, 8 large 
flouring-mills and several smaller ones, 2 wagon and carriage manu- 
factories, I cigar factory, 2 planing mills, i tannery, 4 wool carding 
machines, 3 saw-mills, 2 saddle and harness manufactories, and i woolen- 
mill. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county, per census of 1870, $5,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. has n miles of track, 
passing through the county from east to west. The Beaver Branch 
R. R. extends from Beaver Station to Beaver Mines, a distance of 4 
miles. 

The Exports are mainly iron ore, pig iron, wheat, flour, cattle, hogs, 
tobacco and wagons. There were about 35,000 tons of iron ore shipped 
from mines in this county in 1873. 

Educational Interests. — The public schools are numerous and 
well managed. The reports for 1873 show 51 organized sub-districts, 
54 school-houses, — 11 frame, 2 brick and 41 log, with a total value, 
exclusive of furniture, of about $45,000, 75 teachers, 4,571 children of 
school age, (97 colored), of whom 2,976 were enrolled in the schools. 
In the larger towns are excellent graded schools. 

Arlington, on the A. & P. R. R., 12 miles s. w. of Rolla, and on the 
Gasconade, at the mouth of the Little Piney, contains 2 stores, and is a 
prominent lumber shipping point. Population, about 150. 

Beaver Valley, at the junction of the Beaver Branch with the A. 
& P. R. R., 5 miles w. of Rolla, has i store. 

Blooming Rose, a p. o. 27 miles s. of Rolla. 

Buckland's, on the A. & P. R. R., 5 miles w. of Rolla. 

Dillon, on the A. & P. R. R., 5 miles e. of Rolla. 

Edgar Springs, a p. o. 19 miles s. w. of Rolla, contains a store and 
school-house. The latter is used for worship. 

Flat Wood, a p. o. 8 miles n. w. of Rolla. 

Jerome, on the Gasconade River and on the A. & P. R. R., 14 miles 
vv. of Rolla, has i store, i school-house and 3 saw-mills. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ^2,657,434. Taxation, ^1.75 per |ioo. Bonded debt, ^138,000. 



436 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Little Piney. — See Ozark. 

Maramec Iron Works, 7 miles s. e. from St. James, has about 
200 inhabitants, all employes of the works owned by the James estate. 
It contains i store, i Union church and a school-house. 

Ozark, (formerly Little Piney,) a new town on the A. & P. R. R.,. 
10 miles w. of Rolla, contains i store, i church, a school-house, and a 
population of about 300. This village has sprung up as if by magic, — 
the result of the Ozark Iron Works. It is neatly and substantially built, 
and is well supplied with water, conducted from a neighboring spring tO' 
a reservoir on a hill above the village, and thence distributed. 

Relfe, 20 miles s. w. of Rolla, contains i store, i flouring-mill, and r 
carding-machine and cotton-gin. 

ROLLA, the county seat, on the A. & P. R. R., 114 miles from St. 
Louis, is the principal trading point for South-central Missouri, and the 
chief town on the railroad between St. Louis and Springfield. During- 
the Civil War, being the terminus of the Pacific Railroad, it was an im- 
portant military point. It was held by the Federal troops, and was. 
sought by hundreds of southern refugees. The court-house is a commodious 
building, having cost about ^28,000. The town is now growing rapidly,. 
and the buildings erected are of a tasteful and substantial character. 
The place has an excellent public school, 4 churches — M. E. Ch., Pres- 
byterian, Catholic and colored, (aggregate value of church property,, 
about ;^ 18,500), besides several other organizations which have as yet nO' 
buildings, 2 weekly neAvspapers The Rolla Express, published by CleinO' 
& Wagner, and the Rolla Herald, by H. S. Herbert ; 2 large flouring- 
mills, I carding machine, 2 wagon and 2 saddle and harness manufac- 
tories, I cigar factory, i planing-mill, 3 wholesale, and a large number 
of retail stores and i bank. Population, about 2,500. 

We present herewith a cut of the public school building at Rolla, 
erected in 1871, at a cost of about $35,000. It is a handsome three-story 
brick structure, built in modern Italian style, and with quoins and facings 
of light colored stone. It is 86 x 71 feet, 50 feet high, independent of the 
basement, in which is placed the heating apparatus, and contains 13 
rooms, each 25 x 29 feet, two of which on each floor can readily be thrown 
into one large hall. Two stairways on each side furnish ample opportuni- 
ties for ingress and egress. It is occupied ten months each year by a well 
organized and successful graded school. 

The Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy, a department of 
the State University, was created by a legislative act of February, 1870,. 
providing for the disposition of the congressional grant of land for the 
support of agricultural and mechanical colleges. In conformity with 
the provisions of the act, that the location of the school was to be deter- 
mined by the highest bid made by any county in South-west Missouri 
having mines within its limits, the board of curators of the S^ate Uni- 



PHELPS COUNTY. 



437 



versity, in June 187 1, located the school at Rolla, and in November of 
the same year the first session was opened in the Rolla Public School 
building, a part of which it has since occupied, and where it will remain 
until the erection of the extensive buildings now in contemplation for 
its kccommodation. The school is designed to give as thorough and as 
practical training as possible in Civil and Mining Engineering, Metallurgy 
and Assaying, and the sciences upon which these arts are based. It has 
been well equipped with engineering, chemical and physical instruments- 




ROLLA PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDING. 



and apparatus, cabinets — both scientific and technical — and library. The 
course of instruction, which is peculiar in the large amount of practical 
laboratory and field training given to students, requires three years for its 
Completion, and leads to the degree of civil or mining engineer, according 
to the course of study pursued. Special students are allowed to enter a( 
iny time and follow such branches of study as may be selected, and upon 
()assing satisfactory examinations therein, receive certificates of profici- 
ency. There is also a preparatory department in which students are trained 
in mathematics and the English branches, and fitted for entrance to the 



438 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

technical school proper. The president of the State University, Daniel 
Read, LL.D., '\s ex-offido president of this school, and the Director of 
the school is Dean of the Faculty, which is as follows : Chas. P. Williams, 
Ph.D., Director and Professor of Analytical Chemistry and Metallurgy; 
J. W. Abert, A.M., Professor of Applied Mathematics and Graphics; 
Nelson W. Allen, A.B., Professor of Pure Mathematics; George D. 
Emerson, M.E., Professor of Civil and Mining Engineering; R. W. 
Douthat, A.M., Professor of English branches; W. E. Glenn, M.D., 
Lecturer on Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene. During the year 1873-4, 
the third year of the school, there were 105 students, who each pay a 
nominal charge of ^20 per annum. 

St. James, on the A. & P. R. R. 104 miles from St. Louis and 10 
miles e. of Rolla, beautifully situated on an elevated prairie, was laid off 
as Scioto by Mr. John Wood in 1857. It was afterward purchased by 
Messrs. William James and James Dunn, who changed the name to St. 
James. The first town lots were sold in 1859, and soon after Mr. Alfred 
Leathers built the first frame house. Mr. James built the first store, 
known still as the Big Red Store, and soon after the St. James hotel was 
erected. This town is second in importance in the county, and large 
quantities of iron and iron ore are shipped from here. It contains 8 
stores, one church, value about ^3,500, a school-house, value about 
$2,000, a Masonic hall,, a merchant flouring-mill and i woolen and 
carding factory. Population, about 600. 

Spring Creek, 25 miles s. of Rolla, has i store, a flouring-mill and 
a school-house. 

Taylor's, on the A. & P. R. R. 3 miles w. of Rolla. 

Yancy Mills, 13 miles s. w. of Rolla, contains a flouring-mill. 



PIKE COUNTY, 

In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Ralls County, north- 
east and east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from the State of 
Illinois, south by Lincoln and Montgomery, and west by Audrain and 
Ralls Counties, and contains 420,860 acres. 

Population in 1820, 3,747; in 1830,6,129; in 1840, 10,646; in 
1850, 13,609; in i860, 18,417 ; in 1870, 23,076, of whom i8,8Si were 
white, and 4,195 colored; 11,829 male and 11,247 female; 22,233 
native, (15,140 born in Missouri) and 843 foreign. 

History. — This county was settled as early as 181 1, by citizens from 
South Carolina, but owing to Indian hostilities the settlements were tem- 
porarily abandoned, though soon after resumed and permanently main- 
tained. Little is known of the Spanish and French settlers in this sec- 
tion, nor does it appear that they ever had homes here, the only trace of 
them being seen in the irregular lines of the old land grants, many of 
which cover the best lands in the county. Pike was_ organized December 
14th, 1818, and the first term of the circuit court was held April 12th, 
1 819, at the house of Obadiah Dickerson, in the town of Louisiana ; Judge 
David Todd presiding, Michael J. Noyes clerk, and Samuel K. Caldwell 
sheriff. At this time Pike County embraced all that portion of the State 
(then a territory) north of Lincoln County, extending west along the 
northern boundaries of the river counties, a domain of magnificent pro- 
portions, equal in area to several of the smaller States. In fact, the old 
settlers were in the habit of speaking of their broad county as the "State 
of Pike." At its early settlement the inhabitants suffered the privations 
incidental to frontier life, the dangers being greatly enhanced by the 
presence of warlike Indians, and to protect themselves and property they 
erected forts, in which they lived for several years. Remains of ancient 
stone buildings, probably fortifications, are still to be seen on most of 
the high hills near Buffalo Creek, a few miles from Louisiana, in some 
instances showing the form and size of the building. One or two of the 
Jordan family (who were the first comers into the county) were killed by 
the Indians, and were buried near the present Buffalo church. The Jor- 
dans, Mackeys, Templetons, Carrolls, Brandons, Henrys, and others of 
the original settlers have passed away, but their descendants constitute a 
large proportion of the present population of the county. Mijamin 
Templeton, one of the ante-war settlers, and Mrs. Nancy Brandon are 
still living; also Christy Jordan, colored. In 1820, Pike was reduced to 
its present limits by the organization of new counties. 

The military record of Pike has always been good, both in the number 



440 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

and bravery of her soldiers : whether in the early Indian wars, where 
they endured great suffering ; or in the Mexican War ; or in the late 
Civil War, where • the county was largely represented in both armies. 
When gold was discovered in California, many of the inhabitants of Pike 
emigrated thither, and were conspicuous among the " old forty-niners" 
— their boasted sobriquet — of the gold regions, for their hardihood and 
energy. 

Physical Features. — The surface of the county is gently rolling, 
sometimes rising into small hills, and in the central and western parts 
are large tracts of prairie. The soil of these is a rich black loam, exceed- 
ingly fertile, and in the valleys also are fine farming lands. The hill-sides 
are sometimes poor and flinty, but some, especially along the Mississippi 
River, seem well adapted to fruit, particularly grapes. There is but little 
barren land, although there is considerable swamp, or rather overflowed 
land in the Mississippi Bottom, and in the years when no inundation 
takes place, it yields immense crops of corn, oats, grass and even wheat. 
This county is well watered and drained, in the north by Spencer, Peno, 
Sugar, Haw and Grassy Creeks, running into Salt River; by Noix, Buffalo, 
Calumet and Little Calumet, Big and Little Ramsey, and Gwin Creeks 
flowing easterly into the Mississippi, and by Sulphur Fork, North Fork, 
Indian Fork and West Fork in the south-west, emptying into Cuivre 
River. Numerous mineral springs of health-giving properties are found ; 
among others, Buffalo Spring, near Louisiana, and Elk Lick near Spen- 
cersburgh. Salt springs and wells are found, though none sufficiently 
impregnated for manufacturing salt. The prevailing rock is limestone. 
The timber consists of white, burr, Spanish, red, black, post and water 
oak, sycamore, elm, cottonwood, black and white walnut, and shell-bark 
hickory, pecan, birch, wild-cherry, maple, sugar-maple, hackberry, linn, 
mulberry, honey-locust, coffee-bean, redbud, etc. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn and the grasses. 
Tobacco has been largely raised for many years, the lands being well 
adapted to its growth. Hemp yields well, but a large proportion of the 
land formerly devoted to its culture, and also much of the tobacco lands 
have been converted into meadows, as the raising of stock has been 
found to be more profitable. Much of the tobacco land has, of late 
years, been cultivated in wheat, which yields abundantly, and is less 
exhaustive to the soil. The climate and the soil are especially favorable 
to apples ; grapes and peaches also grow well, although the peach cannot 
be regarded as a certain crop. 

The Mineral Resources of Pike are confined to a valuable vein 
of coal in the south-western part, and fine limestone and building stone, 
which are found in exhaustless quantities in most parts of the county. 

Manufacturing Interests. — Several large and valuable establish- 
ments are now in operation in Louisiana, Clarksville, Frankford, Spen- 



FIKE COUNTY. 441 

•cersburgh and Bowling Green. Capital can be profitably invested 
here in manufacturing. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $15,550,000.* 

Railroads. — Though among the latest counties in Missouri to com- 
mence in earnest the building of railroads, it is a fact that the first sur- 
vey that was made, and the first railroad charter granted in the State were 
for a road from Louisiana to Columbia, in Boone County, in 1837. The 
survey was on the most direct line between the two points named, and 
not differing widely from the line of the Louisiana & Missouri River 
R. R., now operated by the Chicago & Alton R. R. Company, The 
first enterprise went no further than the survey and charter, and was 
attended by adventures which would form an interesting story if faith- 
fully told. The whole amount of railway lines now in operation and 
course of construction in the county — is about 85 miles, of which the 
completed portions — the Missouri Branch (Louisiana & Missouri River 
R. R.) of the Chicago & Alton R. R. is 25 miles; the Clarksville & 
Western, graded and partly tied and ready for ties, about 30 miles, and 
Pike County Short Line, graded and partly tied and ironed, about 30 
miles. The Clarksville & Western is consolidated with the Mississippi 
Valley & Western R. R., forming a continuous line from Keokuk to St. 
Louis by the river towns, and destined to be one of the great railroad 
highways from the Upper to the Lower Mississippi. There are about 70 
miles of very fine turnpike in the county. 

The Exports are wheat, corn, tobacco, apples, horses, mules, cattle 
and hogs. 

Educational Interests. — Many public schools are in successful ope- 
ration, and although the school tax causes some complaint, the mass of 
intelligent citizens favor the system. Nearly every sub-district is sup- 
plied with good school-houses, many of them very fine buildings, and the 
schools, taught by competent teachers, are in session from six to ten 
months every year. Baptist College at Louisiana, Watson Seminary 
at Ashley, and the high schools at Clarksville, Louisiana and Bow- 
ling Green, rank well among the institutions of learning of the State. In 
the county there are 93 school-houses — 62 frame, 13 brick and 18 log, 
which, including grounds, are valued at ^83,815, furnished at a cost of 
$8,318.45. The average salaries paid teachers are, to males, $50; to 
females, $42 per month. 

Aberdeen, a post-office 12 miles s. of Louisiana. 

Ashburn, a post-ofiice 8 miles n. w. of Louisiana, and 15 miles n. n. e. 
from Bowling Green. 

Ashley, on the turnpike, 6 miles s. of Bowling Green, was laid out 
in 1836 by Wm. Kerr, and named in honor of one of Missouri's most dis- 

* Assessed valuation in 1873, ^7,962,863. Bonded debt, 460,921. About ^50,000 of this is being paid 
off annually. 



442 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

tinguished sons, Gen. Wm. H. Ashley. It is a pleasant country town, 
surrounded by a fine section of country, has a good local trade and 
excellent educational advantages, having, besides a flourishing public 
school, Watson Seminary, which is free to all indigent scholars. It con- 
tains the number of business houses usual to a town of about 400 
inhabitants. 

BOWLING GREEN, the county seat, on the Mo. Division of 
the C. & A. R. R., 12 miles s. e. of Louisiana, is situated near the center 
of the county, and, except Buffalo Knob, is on the highest point of land 
in Pike. The town was first settled in 1819. The county records were 
removed thither from Louisiana (the old county seat) in 1824. For some 
years it had a struggle for existence, but since the construction of the 
Mo. Bch. of the C. & A. R. R. it has made rapid advances in population 
and improvement. It is also on the projected Pike Co. Short Line R. R., 
which, when completed, will be the connecting link in the St. L. & K. 
R. R. Among its principal buildings are a fine court-house, a good pub- 
lic school, 3 churches, a bank, several fine blocks of stores, i tobacco 
manufactory, i saddler's and 2 wagon and plow shops, i buggy factory, i 
saw and grist-mill and 2 hotels. It contains i newspaper — The Post, 
edited and published by H. Purdom. Population, about i 000. 

Calumet, a post-oflfice 1 1 miles e. of Bowling Green. 

Clarksville, 13 miles e. n. e. of Bowling Green, has a fine location on 
the Mississippi River, 1 2 miles below Louisiana, upon the site of an old 
stockade fort. It is inclosed by beautiful cliffs, and is adjacent to a 
wealthy and intelligent farming community. Col. Wm. Shaw states that 
in 181 2, while he was engaged with a party of 20 men in building a tem- 
porary stockade where Clarksville now stands, a band of Indians sur- 
prised and killed the entire family of one, O'Neal, about 3 miles above 
Clarksville. ''In company with Mr. O'Neal," continues Col. Shaw, 
^**I hastened to the scene of the murder, and found all killed, scalped and 
horribly mangled. One of the children, about a year and a half old, was 
found literally baked in a large 'dutch oven,' in which it had evidently 
been thrown alive." 

The town was laid out in 1819. Among its early settlers were John 
Miller, (its founder — afterward Governor of Missouri,) Messrs. Graham, 
Wash; Philan and others. In 1854, it became an incorporated city. 
This place is on the line of the M. V. & W. R. R., (late the C. & W. 
R. R.,) which, when completed, will give it direct communication with 
the outer world. It has 2 fine mills, also, vinegar, tobacco and barrel 
factories, and i bank, several churches, an excellent high school, and i 
newspaper — The Sentinel, published by L. A. Welch. Clarksville is 
known among river men as "Appletown," on account of the great 
number of apple-barrels shipped from there every fall. Population, 
about I J 400. 



PIKE COUNTY. 443 

Curry ville, on the Missouri Branch of the C. & A. R. R., 9 miles 
west of Bowling Green, was laid out by Perry A. Curry, in 1867. It 
has a good public school building, i hotel and several stores, and is built 
on a fine rolling prairie, well adapted to grazing and stock-raising. Pop- 
ulation, about 200. 

Frankford, 1 2 miles n. w. of Bowling Green, in a fine agricultural 
neighborhood, was laid out in 1 831, by Solomon Fisher. It is on the 
projected P. C. S. L, R. R., contains a large wool-carding and cloth 
manufactory, and has a thriving local trade. It has several churches, a 
good school, 9 stores and i harness shop. Population, about 500. 

Louisiana, the largest town in the county, and the principal shipping 
point, is pleasantly situated on the Mississippi River, 114 miles above 
St. Louis, and on the Mo. Div. of the C. & A. R. R., 274 miles from 
Chicago, and 102 miles north-east of Jefferson City. The M. V. & W. 
R. R., by which it will be about Z^ miles from St. Louis, will pass along its 
river front when completed. The Mo. Div. of the C. & A. R. R. crosses 
the river here over their recently completed bridge, which is a splendid 
structure. The Q. A. & St. L. R. R. is completed to this point on the 
opposite side of the river, and enhances the railroad facilities of this 
thriving city. This place was founded in 1818, by Samuel K. Caldwell 
and Joel Shaw, and was the first seat of justice, and the first town laid 
off in the territory which afterward became Pike County. 

Louisiana is surrounded by hills, and being located upon one of the 
highest of these, commands an extended view of the Mississippi, and the 
fertile shores of Illinois on the opposite bank, while back of the city rise 
the wooded and vine-clad hills like terraces to the height of 200 feet above 
the river level. The people are enterprising, intelligent and hospitable. 
Baptist College was founded here several years ago, and the public schools 
and the high school are well organized and fully attended. The place 
was incorporated as a town in 1845, and as a city in 1849. The lumber 
trade is the largest interest, it being one of the best lumber markets in 
the State ; many millions of feet are shipped annually. There are in the 
city 2 large merchant flouring-mills, 2 banks, 2 foundries and machine 
shops, 6 wagon and plow, and 6 barrel manufactories, etc. The tobacco 
factories of Louisiana have a wide reputation, their brands being well 
known throughout the country. There are also 2 newspapers— the /^//r- 
nal, Reid & Lamkin editors and proprietors, and the Press, published by 
the Riverside Press Co. Population, about 6,000, 

New Harmony, laid out in 1857, on Indian Creek, 9 miles s. w. 
of Bowling Green, is situated in a fine prairie country, well adapted to 
stock-raising, which is the principal business of the farmers in the vicinity. 
It contains 3 stores, i wagon shop, i hotel and a saw and grist-mill. Popu- 
lation, about 200. 

New Hartford, 10 miles s. w. of Bowling Green, on Indian Creek, 



444 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

contains a church and school building, 5 stores, i carriage manufactory, 
I hotel, and i saw and grist-mill. 

Paynesville, 18 miles s. e. of Bowling Green, laid out in 1831 by- 
Andrew Forgey and named in honor of Wm. Payne, is in the midst of a 
rich farming country, and has a good local trade, increased by that of the 
adjacent part of Lincoln County. The Forgey Seminary, a fine school 
named for the founder of the town, is located here. There are 
several fine churches in the place, and the citizens as a class are intelligent 
and enterprising. The town contains 7 stores, i saw and grist-mill, etc. 
Population about 300. 

Prairieville, 12 miles s. e. of Bowling Green, was laid out in 1837 by 
Wm. Nally, is surrounded by a fine tobacco and grass-growing country, 
and contains an Episcopal church, a good public school and 4 stores. 

Reading, a post-office 8 miles w. of Louisiana. 

Spencerburgh, laid out in 1836 by J. M. McQuie, is 5 miles n. w. 
of Curryville its nearest shipping point, and is supported by a fine farming 
country. It is about 3 miles from the mineral spring known as Elk Lick. 
It contains i church, a public school, 5 stores, i woolen-mill, i saw and 
grist-mill, i wheel-wright shop and a few other business houses. Popula- 
tion, about 200. 

Vannoy's Mill, a post-office 12 miles s. w. of Bowling Green. 



PLATTE COUNTY, 

In the western part of the State, is bounded north by Buchanan County, 
east by Clinton and Clay, south and west by the Missouri River, which 
separates it from Kansas, and contains 267,000 acres. 

Population, in 1840, 8,913, in 1850, 16,845; J" i860, 18,350; in 
1870, 17,352, of whom 16,160 were white and 1,192 colored; 9,114 
male and 8,238 female ; 16,359 native (9,896 born in Missouri) and 993 
foreign. 

History. — Platte is the southern county of the famous Platte Pur- 
chase, and its first white inhabitant was Zadoc Martin, who, by the per- 
mission of Government, settled about 1827 on the Platte River, and 
kept a ferry at the crossing of the military road from Liberty to Fort 
Leavenworth. The Indian title was extinguished in 1837; the portion 
which is now Platte County was attached to Clay, and after this, the 
tide of emigration flowing steadily into this new country, its fertile 
fields were soon appropriated by actual settlers. 

The county was organized December 31st, 1838, and the first county 
court held March nth, 1839, at the Falls of Platte (now Platte City), in 
an old log cabin, occupied by Michael D. Fayler as a dwelling. This 
court consisted of John B. Collier, Hugh McCafferty and Michael 
Byrd, justices, and Hall L. Wilkinson, clerk. Two weeks later the first 
circuit court was held at the same place. Judge Austin A. King (after- 
ward Governor of Missouri) presiding; John H. Owens, sheriff; Wm. 
T. Wood (now judge of the Jackson County circuit) circuit attorney, and 
Major Jesse Morin clerk. The latter was the first State Representative 
from Platte County. At this court the following were admitted as attor- 
neys: Hon. D. R. Atchison, Gen. A. W. Doniphan, Amos Reese, 
Russell Hicks, Peter H. Burnett, Theo. D. Wheaton, Gen. Andrew S. 
Hughes, James S. Thomas, A. E. Cannon, John A. Gordon and Gen. 
Wm. B. Almond. The last five are no longer living. The first election 
was held May nth, 1839, when a justice of the peace was chosen for 
each of the four townships into which Platte County was then divided. 
From this time, land titles were the source of much contention, until 
the lands were brought into market in 1842. After this the county 
advanced at a rapid rate, until her prosperity was checked by the Civil 
War, when about 2,000 of the citizens enlisted in the army, on one side 
or the other, and nearly all who remained were enrolled in the militia 
for local service. Several severe skirmishes occurred here; one in 
November 1861, at the crossing of Bee Creek, between Weston and 



446 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Platte City, in which a number were wounded ; and another at Cam- 
den Point, July 1864, when the Federals, under Cols. Ford andjennison, 
met the Confederates under Col. Thornton, where 13 men were reported 
killed and many more wounded. Considerable fighting also took place 
in other parts of the county, of which no official records were made, 
and on the whole, Platte can boast of having borne her share in the 
disastrous struggle which laid waste so large a portion of south-west- 
ern Missouri ; but owing to her natural advantages and the fertility 
of her soil, she has recuperated more rapidly than almost any other 
part of the State. 

Physical Features. — About one-fifth of Platte County is undulating 
prairie, the soil of which is of unsurpassed fertility. The remainder is 
heavily timbered with the various species of oak, hickory, walnut, elm, 
hackberry, etc., and when cleared produces fine crops. 

The Missouri Bluffs are generally too steep to be easily cultivated, but 
may some day be crowned and flanked by beautiful vineyards. The growth 
on them is about the same as that on the uplands. 

The county is well watered by the Platte River, from which it derives 
its name, and its tributaries, Dick, Smith's Fork, Prairie Creek, etc., also 
by many small tributaries of the Missouri River, chief of which are Bear,. 
Moore, Bee and Brush Creeks. Prof. Broadhead says: "Probably no 
county in the State possesses superior advantages to Platte. It contains a 
large quantity of rich land, is well watered, and abounds in good timber, 
including most kinds that are useful." 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, hay and 
potatoes. Tobacco is raised to a considerable extent, and its cultiva- 
tion is increasing every year. Barley, rye, hemp, broom-corn, sorghum, 
sweet potatoes and buckwheat grow luxuriantly. Blue grass grows spon- 
taneously where timber has been thinned out, and timothy, red-top and 
other grasses succeed well. 

The soil and climate are well adapted to fruit-growing, and the number 
and extent of orchards are annually increasing, many farmers making it a 
specialty. 

Stock-raising is a source of wealth to the county, and of late years some 
fine breeds of animals have been introduced with marked success. 

Mineral Resources. — There is probably some coal, and good build- 
ing stone abounds. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of 7 good flouring-mills, i 
cheese and 4 plow factories. 

^A^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $13,000,000.* 

Railroads.— The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs R. R. runs 

'^Assessed valuation in 1873, $4,968,845 Bonded debt, $360,000. Taxation, $1.65 per $100. Thff 
county has prompdypaid its interest, and appropriates $12,000 annually as a sinking fund for the payment 
of its bonds due in 1886. 



PLATTE COUNTY. 447 

north-west along the Missouri Bottom, having nearly 40 miles of road. 
The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. R. traverses the county from the 
iron bridge across the Missouri at Fort Leavenworth, in a north-eastern 
direction, and has 26 miles. There are also 10 miles of this latter road 
connecting Edgerton and Atchison by way of New Market. 

The Exports are pork, bacon, lard, corn, wheat, stock, the small 
grains, hemp, wood, timber and fruit. 

The Educational Interests are in a flourishing condition. Schools 
are taught from six to ten months a year in every sub-district, and there 
are high schools at Camden Point, Weston and Platte City. 

Beverly Station, a post-office at the junction of the K. C. St. J. & 
C. B. R. R. with the C. R. I. & P. R. R. 6 miles s. w. of Platte City. 

Block's Mills. — See Shivelton. 

Camden Point, on the C. R. I. & P. R. R. 7 miles n. of Platte City, 
is the seat of the Christian Orphan School, now accommodating 125 
boarders, of whom ten are supported and educated gratuitously. It has 
several stores and a population of about 350. 

City Point, (East Leavenworth,) on the Missouri River and K. C. St. 
J. & C. B. R. R. 5 miles s. of Beverly, is a small village of 150 inhabi- 
tants, chiefly connected with the Leavenworth ferry and the railroad, or 
engaged in the wood and lumber business. 

East L#eavenworth. — See City Point. 

Edgerton, on the C. R. I. & P. R. R. 13 miles n. e. of Platte City, 
is situated in a fine agricultural neighborhood and is increasing in impor- 
tance. Population, about 100. 

Farley, 4 miles s. e. of Leavenworth has a population of about 150. 

latan, on the Missouri River a'Rd on the K. C, St. J. & C. B. R. R., 
10 miles n. w. of Beverly, surrounded by a fine country, is one of the 
oldest towns in the county. It contains 3 stores, a hotel, etc. 

New Market, on the C. R. I. & P. R. R., 8 miles n. w. of the Junction 
of the C. R. I. & P. R. R. with its Branch, is the center of one of the 
finest agricultural regions of the State. Population, about 250. 

Parkville, on the Missouri River, at the mouth of the Platte, and on 
the K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. R., 20 miles s. e. of Beverly, was laid out 
in 1839 by Col. Geo. S. Parks; it was once a place of considerable import- 
ance, but decreased in population during the war, and now has only 
about 600 inhabitants. Col. Parks still resides here, and is spending his 
declining years and large income in the culture and improvement of 
the native fruits, and to his enterprise the county owes many of its finest 
varieties. 

PLATTE CITY, the county seat, situated on the Platte River, 
and on the C. R. I. & P. R. R., 310 miles from Chicago and 11 miles 
from Leavenworth, was settled in 1840, and has a population of about 
600. There is a fall of about 8 feet in the Platte River at this point. 



448 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 

which is increased by a dam to 14 feet. This valuable water power, 
which is sufficient for extensive manufactories, is now used only for a 
flouring-mill. 

Platte City was, in 1856, the head quarters of the "border ruffians," 
and consequently during the late Civil War, was an object of hatred to 
the "jayhawkers" and *' red-legs" of Kansas, and was twice burned 
by the military. Its court-house is a massive structure, which cost 
;giio,ooo. Its public school is an honor to the place. Daughters' Col- 
lege is a prosperous female boarding school. There are 2 banks and 
about 10 stores in the place and 2 newspapers — The Landmark, published 
by Park & Nisbet, and the Democrat, by L. Shepard. 

Ridgeley, 3 miles s. of Edgerton, has a population of about 150. 

Shivelton, (Block's Mills,) on the K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. R., 14 
miles n. w. of Beverly Station, has a io.^ houses. 

^A/'ald^on, on the K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. R., 9 miles s. of East 
Leavenworth, is a small town which has grown up around Waldron's 
extensive mills. 

^Veston, on the Missouri River and K. C. St. J. & C. B. R. R., 3 
miles n. of Beverly, in a fine agricultural and blue grass region, was laid 
out in 1837, and soon became the commercial city of the county. It 
shipped more hemp than any other port on the Missouri. Tobacco, also,, 
for some years was largely exported. But both these products have fallen 
off. Up to the commencement of the war, Weston was a prosperous 
city, and contained a population of over 3,000. But the rise of rival 
cities, the loss of a large Indian trade from the old territory of Kansas,^ 
together with the impoverished state of the people, caused by the Civil 
War, has reduced it to nearly one-half of its former population. It is still,, 
however, the most important place in the county, and seems lately to- 
begin to revive. It now has 10 churches — Episcopal, Presbyterian, M. E. 
Ch. South, Baptist, Christian, Lutheran, Catholic, German Reformed,, 
and Methodist and Baptist, colored; aggregate value, $50,000. The 
public school building is elegant and commodious, and the city affords 
instruction to over 500 children. The place contains 2 banks, 2 hotels,. 
12 stores, 2 very superior flouring-mills, a furniture factory, several wagon; 
and carriage shops, and the usual number of mechanics. 

Col. Benjamin Holliday, so extensively known throughout the West 
for his enterprise, began his career by keeping a log tavern in Weston, in 
1839. That he has not forgotten the scene of his youthful fortunes, was 
shown, a few years ago, by his generous donation of $1,000 to assist in 
building a Baptist church in Weston. Among other noted men who 
have at times been residents of this place, are Gen. Andrew Hughes and 
his son. Gen. Bela M. Hughes, Gen. F. P. Blair, Gen. Stringfellow, 
Col. Abell, Theodore F. Warner, (a grandson of Daniel Boone,) who still 
resides here, Charles A. Perry, Judge James N. Burns, Col. Jno. Doni- 



PLATTE COUNTY. 449 

phan, Judge S. P. McMurdy, Benj. Wood, L. M. Lawson, (now a banker 
in New York,) Judge S. S. Gilbert, Henry M. Allep, Geo. W. Belt, 
Dr. Joseph Malin, T. A. Stoddard and Dent G. Tutt. There also resides 
in Weston, Thomas J. Ellis, a soldier 82 years old, who blazed the site 
of Fort Leavenworth in 1827. 



POLK COUNTY, 

In the south-western part of the State, is bounded north by St. Clair and 
Hickory Counties, east by Dallas, south by Greene, and west by Dade 
and Cedar Counties, and contains 422,400 acres. 

Population in 1840, 8,449; in 1850, 6,186; in i860, 9,995; in 
1870, 12,445, of whom 12,186 were white and 259 colored, 6,249 male 
and 6,196 female, 12,364 native (6,794 born in Missouri) and 81 
foreign. 

History. — The first settlements were made as early as 1820, by emi- 
.grants from Tennessee, although the county was not organized until 
March 13th, 1835, up to which time it had formed a part of Greene 
County. It was named in honor of James K. Polk, of Tennessee. The 
first court was held September 7th, 1835, at Bolivar, Chas. H. Allen pre- 
siding, and Joseph English sheriff. Of the grand jury then impanelled 
there is only one survivor — Amos Richardson, who lives near Humans- 
ville. John S. Phelps, of Springfield, was the first attorney admitted to 
practice in this court, his signature bearing date of August 7th, 1837. 
During the late war this county suffered slightly compared with others 
in its vicinity. 

Physical Features. — The face of the country is generally undu- 
lating, but somewhat broken along the streams, and very diversified, 
being nearly equally divided between prairie and timber. The Pomme 
de Terre River enters at the south-eastern corner, and, flowing north- 
westerly, leaves near the center of the northern boundary. By this 
stream, and its numerous tributaries and sub-tributaries, the county is 
abundantly watered in the eastern and central parts, while in the west 
are many creeks and branches which flow into the Sac River. The 
streams are clear and rapid, and at many different points afford fine 
water power. The finest timber is along the streams, and consists 
chiefly of the different varieties of hickory, oak, elm, walnut, cherry, 
maple and sycamore. The soil, which is generally rich and productive, 
is classed as white ash, black loam and red clay, the latter being pecu- 
liarly adapted to the raising of wheat. 

There are many extensive and beautiful prairies, among which are the 
Twenty-five Mile Prairie, which covers an area of 20 square miles, in the 
northern portion of the county, and is separated by the Pomme de Terre 
from Sentinel and Flint Prairies, which lie in the midst of the oak wood- 
lands of the north-east. On the east is Buffalo Head Prairie, several 
miles in extent, and near the center of the county is Three Mound Prai- 



452 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

rie, so called from three mounds of vermicular sandstone in the vicinity^ 
There are, also, Pleasant Prairie in the southern. Crisp Prairie in the south- 
western, and Valley Prairie in the west and north-western parts. The 
latter commences at a point 9 miles west of the center of Polk and 
extends north-west to the Osage River, near Osceola, in St. Clair County. 
Fine springs abound, and at Bolivar, at Humansville, on Col. Acock's plan- 
tation, 10 miles south-east of Bolivar, and in several other localities these 
are impregnated with sulphate of iron, and other minerals. On the East 
Fork of Sac River, near the village of Orleans, and ten miles south-west 
from Bolivar, are the Wallula Chalybeate springs, noted for their medic- 
inal properties. These issue from the rocks, high up among the hills of 
the river, into which they pour their waters. The surroundings are exceed- 
ingly beautiful, the hills rise above the narrow valleys in terraces and 
escarpments, and terminate in isolated, grotesque cliffs. Far below, the 
waters of the river are seen gleaming through the foliage that fringes its 
banks, while beyond is Pleasant Prairie, with its broad farms and well- 
cultivated fields, and in the distance the Ozark Hills form an indistinct, 
irregular outline against the horizon. 

Agricultural Productions. — Tobacco is a sure and profitable crop, 
and many farmers are turning their attention to its culture. The soil is 
well adapted to the cereals, vegetables and grasses that flourish in this 
latitude, blue grass growing spontaneously, and wheat yielding an average 
of 20 bushels per acre, while the bottom lands produce immense crops of 
corn, etc. There are many fine orchards, and apples, pears, peaches and 
plums yield plentifully, some of the native varieties being sweet and pal- 
atable. The soil also seems adapted to the growth of the grape, as the 
indigenous varieties grow in abundance. Stock-growing is an important 
interest. Horses, mules, cattle, hogs and sheep are raised, the climate 
being most favorable to the last named. The A. & P. R. R. has about 
12,000 acres of good land in this county, which is offered for sale on 
liberal terms at from ^3 to ^7 per acre,* 

Mineral Resources. — Lead and sulphuret of zinc are found in small 
quantities. On the border of Flint Prairie are the traces of "old 
diggings," which have led many to believe that some valuable mineral 
has been found, and still exists there, but it is possible they were made 
by the aborigines to obtain flint for their arrow-points. Polk County rests 
upon a formation of magnesian limestone, which is easily quarried, and 
furnishes excellent building stone. In many places this formation is super- 
laid with a coarse brown sandstone, contemporaneous with Hugh Miller's 
"Old Red" series, destitute of fossils, and not valuable for building pur- 
poses; and under this deposit lies that singular argillaceous sand-rock 

♦The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix— 



POLK COUNTY. 453 

known as the vermicular, or worm-eaten, while above this formation 
encrinital limestone is found, which, when burned, makes good lime. The 
bluffs of the Pomme de Terre are magnesian limestone capped with, 
ferruginous sandstone, and in the eastern portion of the county but little 
of any other formation is found. The East Fork of Sac River cuts through 
ledges of shelly lime-stone, and through vermicular rock into the magnesian 
series. In portions of the county red sandstone is the prevailing rock. 
In the bottoms of the Pomme de Terre, the remains of the mastodon and 
mammoth, with other species now extinct, have been found imbedded 
with the bones of the bear, buffalo, elk, wolf, etc. 

The Manufacturing Interests are mainly confined to grist and 
saw-mills, to the production of home-made cloth and other fabrics, and 
to the manufacture of wagons. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^4,500,000.* 

The Exports are corn, wheat, rye, hogs, cattle. 

The Educational Interests are attracting more attention yearly. 
The number of schools at present is 88. There are high schools at 
Bolivar and Morrisville ; the former connected with the graded school, 
the latter under the auspices of the M. E. Ch. South. 

BOLIVAR, the county seat, incorporated in 1867, is pleasantly situ- 
ated near the center of the county, and is 90 miles s. of Sedalia and 30 
miles n. of Springfield, with both of which places it is connected by 
daily mails. It contains 3 hotels, 2 churches — M. E. Ch. South and 
Baptist, and a high school building, i bank, 18 stores, 2 cabinet, 2 wagon 
and 2 saddle and harness shops, i wool-carding machine, i cotton gin, 

1 steam saw and i steam flouring-mill, and 2 newspapers — The Free Press, 
edited by James Dumars, and The Herald^ edited by L. J. Ritchie. The 
present court-house was built in 1841. It is a brick structure somewhat 
antique in style, but in a good state of preservation. Pop., about 750. 

Brighton, 12 miles s. e. of Bolivar, contains i store. 

Fair Play, 10 miles w. of Bolivar, contains 2 stores. 

Half^vay, 12 miles e. of Bolivar, has 2 stores, i wagon shop, etc. 

Humansville, 16 miles n. w. of Bolivar, was one of the first settled 
towns in the county. It contains 9 stores and i cooper and i saddler's 
shop. Population, about 300. 

Morrisville, 10 miles s. of Bolivar, contains a population of 
about lod. and 2 stores. 

Orleans, 10 miles s. w. of Bolivar, has i store, and a flouring and 
saw-mill. 

Payne's Prairie, a post-office 9 miles n. e. of Bolivar. 
. Pleasant Hope, 17 miles s. e. of Bolivar, contains a carding-machine, 

2 stores and some shops. 

* Assessed valuation in 1873, $2,737,678. Taxation, $1.70 per $100. Bonded debt, ♦43,500. Float* 
ing debt, ^10,000. 



454 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Rondo, a post-office lo miles n. of Bolivar. 

Sentinel Prairie, is a post-office 14 miles n. e. of Bolivar. The 
neareast railroad station to all of these towns is Springfield, in Greene 
County, 30 miles distant from Bolivar. 



PULASKI COUNTY, 

In the south-central part of the State, is bounded north by Miller and 
Maries, east by Phelps, south by Texas and Laclede, and west by Laclede 
and Camden Counties, and contains 371,200 acres. 

Population in 1840, 6,529; in 1850, 3,998; in i860, 3,835; in 
1870, 4,714, of whom 4,689 were white and 25 colored; 2,440 male 
and 2,274 female; 4,622 native (2,953 born in Missouri) and 92 foreign. 

History. — In 181 6, Messrs. Johnson, Dulle and Cullen with their 
families emigrated from Mississippi, and settled in the valley of the Gas- 
conade near the well-known saltpetre cave, 5 miles v/est of Waynesville. 
They engaged in the manufacture of gunpowder, finding a ready market 
for it among the trappers and hunters who frequented this region. 

About a year after their arrival, Mr. Cullen started out with his usual 
load of powder to supply some neighboring customers, and was never 
heard from again. Messrs. Johnson and Dulle soon after removed to 
Bartlett's Spring and built a mill which has been much improved since 
then, and is now one of the best in the vicinity. 

Soon after the removal of the whites from this cave, some friendly In- 
dians, 5 Shawnees and 2 Delawares, who had taken possession of it, were 
attacked by over 100 Osages. All day the little band within the cave 
defended themselves, losing but one of their number. At nightfall the 
Osages, many of their braves having fallen, retired, but during the night 
blockaded the entrance of the cave. Next morning they removed the 
rubbish and entered with a whoop, only to discover that their supposed 
victims had escaped through another entrance to the cave, of which the 
Osages were ignorant. The settlers say that the dead Osages were piled 
up and left in a heap, and bleached bones yet remain to mark the spot 
where occurred one of the fiercest Indian battles of the South-west. 

In 181 7, Mr. Turpin of Kentucky, Jesse Ballew, Henry Anderson and 
Wm. Gillaspy of North Carolina, with their families, settled on the Gas- 
conade River, 12 miles south-west of Waynesville. Mrs. Anderson one 
evening returned from milking to find a huge wild-cat in the act of pulling 
the cover from her sleeping child. Quick as thought, the brave woman 
seized the beast by the throat and choked it to death. 

Soon after this, Elijah and Elisha Christeson located near the present 
site of Waynesville ; Isaac N. Davis 9 miles west, and Cyrus Colley, for 
whom Colley Hollow was named, and afterwards Jeptha West, Thomas 
Starke and Jesse A. Rayl, Sr. settled near Waynesville. 

Pulaski was organized Dec. 15th, 1818, and the county seat soon after 



4S6 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

locatea at Waynesville. The notorious " Bank of Niangua " had its 
center of secret operations here. 

During the late Civil War, the county was infested by guerrillas. Life 
and property were insecure, and the loss of both was considerable ; but 
with peace, law and order were restored, and two houses have been built 
where one was burned. 

Physical Features. — The country is hilly and broken, especially along 
the water courses ; some of the hills or ridges are from 50 to 500 feet 
high above the streams. The post-oak flats are less rough, in some places 
only gently undulating, and in others too low for cultivation. The most 
extensive flats lie between the Gasconade and Robidoux, and east of Big 
Piney River. The county is drained by the Gasconade River, Robidoux 
Creek and Big Piney River, and the valleys of these streams and some of 
the hills near by are heavily timbered with oak, black walnut, hickory, 
maple, elm, cottonwood, dogwood, etc. Good water power is furnished by 
the streams and by several springs. The valleys of the streams are narrow 
but very productive. The uplands are generally thin, with clay subsoil, 
but by proper cultivation and rotation of crops will produce well. 

There are, besides the saltpetre cave already mentioned, several others 
of interest, one in the north-east on the Gasconade River, in which human 
skulls and skeletons are found, the latter placed in a circle, while the 
former are heaped in the center. To what race they belong has not been 
determined. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, barley, rye, oats, 
buckwheat, tobacco, vegetables and fruit ; several varieties of the latter grow 
in perfection. The sunny slopes and hillsides of the Gasconade are admir- 
ably adapted to viticulture. The abundance of wild grasses and the 
quantity of unoccupied land makes stock-raising easy and cheap. 

The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. has about 84,000 acres of land for sale on 
liberal terms at from ^2.50 to $8.00 per acre.* 

The Mineral Resources of the county are not developed, and pro- 
bably will not be until means of transportation are improved. Iron ore 
has been found in many localities. Brown hematite occurs along the 
bluffs of the Gasconade and Piney. There is a large deposit of specular ore 
similar to that used at the Maramec Iron Works, about 3 miles south-east 
of Woodend. About \]^ miles south-east of Waynesville is a large deposit 
of brown hematite. Numerous other places show indications of rich 
deposits. Lead has been found in small quantities. Nitre occurs in 
several caves, the principal of which is about 5 miles north-west of 
Waynesville. It has a wide entrance about 30 feet above the Gasconade. 
The nitre appears on the walls and the clay on the bottom of the cave 
is strongly impregnated with it. 

♦The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid, with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix— Page 



PULASKI COUNTY. 457 

The Manufacturing Interests are such as are common to a new 

'County, a few grist and saw-mills, blacksmith shops, etc. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $1,000,000.* 

Railroads.— The Atlantic & Pacific R. R. passes through the northern 
part of the county, having 33 miles of track. 

The Exports are wheat, oats, fruits, bacon, lard, hides, iron ore, and 
for 1873, 47^ c^"" lo^ds of stock. 

Educational Interests. — Public schools are established through- 
>out the county in over 40 sub-districts, having a session of from 
three to six months each year. At Waynesville, Dixon, Crocker and 
Richland are well supported and creditable private schools. 

Bellefonte, a post-office 11 miles s. w. of Waynesville. 

Crocker, on the A. & P. R. R. 150 miles from St. Louis, is a growing 
village with 2 general stores, and is the railroad station for Waynesville. 

De Bruin, 6 miles s. w. of Waynesville, has i general store. 

Dixon, on the A. & P. R. R. 12 miles n. e. of Crocker, settled in 

1869, has 3 stores, i grist-mill, 3 hotels, i church and i public school. 
Population, about 300. 

Dundas, a post-office 14 miles s. of Waynesville. 

Franks, a station on the A. & P. R. R. 17 miles e. of Crocker. 

Hancock. — See Iron Summit. 

Iron Summit, (Hancock,) on the A. & P. R. R. 6 miles n. e. of 
Crocker, has 2 stores, i hotel and i public school. This town is the 
shipping point for the great iron bank in Miller County. 

Richland, on the A. & P. R. R. 13 miles s. w. of Crocker, built in 

1870, has about 500 inhabitants, and is one of the most flourishing villages 
of the county. The Richland Institute, the best school in the county, is 
located here, and owns a substantial two-story building furnished in 
modern style. The Christians, Methodists and Baptists have organi- 
zations, but as yet no buildings. There are 7 stores, i hotel and i 
newspaper— r>%f Richland Sentinel, Lemen & Tomson editors and pro- 
prietors. 

St. Annie, a post-office 18 miles s. of Waynesville. 

WAYNESVILLE, the county seat, 10 miles s. of Crocker, is 
pleasantly situated in the valley of the Robidoux, near the center of the 
county. The land upon which it is built was given by Wm. Moore 
und Josiah Christeson, who laid off the town in 1834. It has a new and 
elegant court-house erected in 1873, 3 stores, i public school, and a popu- 
lation of about 100. The Baptists and Methodists have organizations 
here but no church buildings. 

Woodend, a station on the A. & P. R. R. 6 miles s. w. of Crocker. 

♦ Assessed valuation in 1873, $713,479- Taxation, gi.17 per $100. Bonded debt, J6,ooo. Floating 
debt, $8,000. 



PUTNAM COUNTY, 

In the extreme northern part of the State, is bounded north by Iowa, east 
by Schuyler County, south by Adair and Sullivan, and west by Mercer, 
and contains 331,487 acres. 

Population in 1850, 1,636; in i860, 9,207; in 1870, 11,217, of 
whom 11,208 were white, and 9 colored ; 5,651 male and 5,566 female ; 
11,046 native, (4,993 born in Missouri) and 171 foreign. 

History. — Some settlements were made in the eastern part of the 
county as early as 1837. Among the early settlers were James Cochran 
and Isaac and Clifford L. Summers, who located near the present site of 
Omaha; Isaac and Jesse Gilstrap, John F., W. G. and Miles Crabtree, 
and Joseph, Joshua, John and Henry Guffey, who settled on Goshen 
Ridge, which extends from north-west of Hartford to south-east of Mar- 
tinstown ; James M. Brasfield, who lived near Pleasant Home, besides 
the families of McCollom, Marshall, Mullinix and Martin. These all 
came previous to 1844. The Indians left in the summer of 1845, ^^^ 
during the next ten years a large number of families, many of them from 
Kentucky, located in the rich prairie lands and many fine farms were 
made. Some of these early settlers still live in the county ; one of them, 
Henry Guffey, a native of Tennessee, died in 1874 at the age of 107 
years. 

From 1837 until about 1850, Hannibal, 130 miles distant, was the most 
convenient trading point to which the settlers drove their hogs and 
cattle, and carried their beeswax, honey, venison, peltries, furs, hickory 
nuts, etc., returning with the dry goods and groceries they required. At 
this time, as the nearest mill was Ely's mill, now Nineveh, Adair County, 
10 miles distant, mortars and hand-mills were chiefly used in making meal 
and hominy until about 1847, when a few water power and horse-mills 
were erected. 

Putnam was organized Feb, 28th, 1845, ^^nd Putnamville, in the north- 
eastern part of the county, was the first county seat, but it was changed 
to Winchester Jan. 6th, 1849. After the adjustment of the difficulty 
between Iowa and Missouri, the counties of Putnam and Dodge were 
greatly reduced in size, and early in the spring of 1853 the limits of the 
former were extended to include the whole of the latter. About this 
time the county seat was again removed to Harmony, and a few years later 
its name was changed to Unionville. Putnamville and Winchester have 
both fallen to decay, and another generation will scarcely remember their 
sites. From 1855 to i860 immigration increased; Government Land 



46o CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

was largely entered and much of it placed under cultivation. This coun- 
ty remained loyal to the Federal Government during the Civil War, and 
the Putnam Militia, " the irrepressible and unterrified," were well known 
through central and southern Missouri, where they never failed to strike 
bravely and well for the cause they had espoused. 

Physical Features. — The eastern part is principally timber, while 
the central and western are prairie diversified with timber. 

The county is well watered in the eastern and central parts by North 
and South Blackbird, Wild Cat, Shoal, Brush, Kinney and other streams 
tributary to Chariton River; in the west by East and West Locust and 
Medicine Creeks and their branches. The timber is principally confined 
to the streams and the adjacent hills. In the bottoms it consists of elm, 
Cottonwood, black walnut, burr oak, hickory, ash, hackberry, birch and 
hard and soft maple ; on the hills it is mostly white oak, and on the level 
uplands are elm, hickory, and pin, burr and post oak. 

The soil of the bottoms is very productive. Elsewhere, except in the 
white oak districts, it is good and well adapted to the raising of all the 
cereals and grasses usually grown in this latitude. There are but few 
springs, but water for domestic uses is easily obtained by means of wells 
and cisterns. 

Agricultural Productions. — Corn is the principal crop, but wheat 
and other grains do well. Grasses grow luxuriantly, timothy, clover and 
red-top being planted for hay and blue grass for pasture. Grazing is 
good, and cattle, hogs, mules and sheep are raised largely. 

Mineral Resources. — The county is underlaid with coal, which 
exists in great abundance in the eastern part, in many places cropping 
out on the hillsides in strata about 3 feet thick. Little has yet been done 
to develop it, however. Limestone, and sandstone suitable for some 
building purposes, are also found in the eastern part of the county. 

Manufacturing Interests. — Farming implements are manufactured 
to some extent, and there are also a number of flouring and saw-mills. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^3,500,000.* 

Railroads. — The Burlington & South-western R. R. passes in a 
south-westerly direction through the central part of the county, having 
16 miles of track. 

The Exports are corn, wheat, rye and oats, also, to some extent, 
hogs, cattle, mules, sheep, horses and wool. 

The Educational Interests are already well attended to, and are 
constantly receiving increased attention. There is a liberal school fund, 
and the entire county is organized into convenient sub-districts, each 
having a school-house, the majority of which are good buildings. There 



' *As&essed valuation in 1873, 13,562,783. Taxation, ^1.65 p«r$ioo. Bonded debt, |zo7,ooo. Floating 
debt, 1 3,000. 



PUTNAM COUNTY. 461 

are 5,072 children of school age, most of whom attend school a part of 
every year. 

Ayresville, 20 miles w. n. w. of Unionville, has i store and about 

20 inhabitants. 

Central City, 12 miles w. of Unionville, has 2 stores, a wagon shop 
and about 25 inhabitants. 

Hartford, 10 miles e. of Unionville, was formerly the county seat, 
and is now a good trading point. It has 3 stores, 2 hotels, i harness and 
2 wagon shops, a tannery, a good school-house, a church and a Masonic 
hall. Population, about 50. 

Holbrook, a p. o. on the B. & S. W. R. R., 10 miles n. of Unionville. 

Howland, (Mendota,) on the B. & S. W. R. R., 6 miles n. of Union- 
ville, has I store. 

Livonia, a post-office 18 miles e. of Unionville. 

Martinstown, 17 miles s. e. of Unionville, has 3 stores, and is a 
good trading point. Population, about 25. 

Mendota. — See Howland. 

Newtown, 25 miles s. w. of Unionville, has i store. 

Omaha, 12 miles e. n. e. of Unionville, has i store. 

Pleasant Home, a post-office 20 miles e. s. e. of Unionville. 

Prairie, on the B. & S. W. R. R., 4 miles s. of Unionville. 

St. John, 15 miles n. w. of Unionville, is a good trading point, and 
contains 2 stores, i wagon shop, and a good school-house, also used as 
a church. Population, about 75. 

Shoneytown, a post-office 14 miles n. e. of Unionville. 

Terre Haute, 15 miles s. w. of Unionville, is surrounded by a fine 
farming country, and has a good trade. It contains 2 stores and a wagon 

shop. 

UNIONVILLE, formerly called Harmony, the county seat, on the 
B. & S. W. R. R., promises at no distant day to be one of the leading 
towns in north-western Missouri. It contains 17 stores, 2 saddle and har- 
ness, and 2 wagon and plow shops, a flouring-mill, a carding-machine, a 
bank, a school-house, a court-house, 2 churches — Christian and Catholic, 
and 2 newspapers— 7"/^^ Republican, edited by W. T. O' Bryant and A. R. 
Webb, and The Ledger, edited by W. T. Bruer. During the winter of 
1873-4, over 2,500,000 hoops, worth ^25,000, were shipped from this 
point, also a large amount of stock, corn, oats, furs, etc. Population, 
about 900. also 2 hotels and i furniture factory. 

West Liberty, 8 miles w. of Unionville, has a saw-mill, a store and 
a good school-house. Population, about 30. 



RALLS COUNTY, 

In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Marion County, 
east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from Illinois, and by 
Pike, south by Pike and Audrain, and west by Audrain, Monroe and 
Marion Counties, and contains 295,878 acres. 

Population in 1830, 4,375; in 1S40, 5,670; in 1850, 6,151; in 
1860,8,592; in 1870, 10,510, of whom 9,255 were white, and 1,255 
colored; 5,442 male, and 4,968 female; 10,091 native (6,431 born in 
Missouri), and 419 foreign. 

History. — The first settler in Ralls was James Ryan, while this county 
formed a portion of St. Charles. His deed, dated September 181 1, calls 
for a tract of land lying on Salt River, at the mouth of Turkey Creek. 
Charles Freemore de Lourier, of St. Louis County, entered Freemore's 
Lick and began making salt on the south side of Salt River, 3 miles north 
of New London, at a place known as Freemore's Lick, perhaps prior to, 
but certainly as early as 181 2, and remained there until driven off by the 
Indians, who destroyed the furnaces and filled up the wells. Two miles 
north of Freemore's Lick is Trabue's Lick, opened and worked about 
the same time by the father of A. E. Trabue. Judge C. Carstarphen, 
now (1874) 76 years old, made salt at this lick as late as 1833. On the 
bank of Salt River, buried some distance below the surface, a cannon 
was found, over which an oak tree, 1 3 inches in diameter, had grown ; 
the cannon bore marks of heavy action — evidently a Canadian piece 
of artillery used against the Indians. It was dug out in 1830, and 
remained in the judge's possession as a curiosity for many years. In 
1840, Dr. McDowell, of St. Louis, purchased it, and removed it to his 
cabinet of curiosities in the Hannibal Cave. Other settlements were 
made in Ralls by the Matsons, Stark Sims and comrades in 181 6. Others 
came in 181 7 and 1818. 

Mr. John Chitwood, formerly of St. Louis County, and a volunteer of 
the war of 181 2, now (1874) a pensioner of the Government, is the only 
surviving head of a family of these early settlers, and but few of their 
immediate descendants now reside in the county. 

The county was organized from Pike, Nov. i6th, 1820. Col. Johnson 
and Daniel Ralls were the first representatives from Pike County, under 
the State constitution. The latter died during the session, and the new 
county was named in his honor. The first circuit court was held at the 
house of William Jamison, at New London, March 12th, 1821, Hon. 
Rufus Easton judge, presiding, R. W. Wells circuit attorney, Stephen 



464 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

Glascock clerk, and Green DeWitt sheriff. The first county court was 
held at the same place July 2d, 1821, Peter Jouvney presiding justice, 
Peter Grant and William Richey justices, Stephen Glascock clerk, Green 
DeWitt sheriff. 

In 1832, pursuant to a call for troops in the Black Hawk War, two 
companies were raised in this county — one, commanded by Capt. Rich- 
ard Matson, was in active service; the other, John Ralls in command, 
was held in reserve, but was never ordered into active service. 

By authority of Gov. Edwards, a company of mounted volunteers was 
organized in this county to serve during the Mexican War. It was com- 
manded by Capt. Wm. T. Lafland, mustered into the U. S. service at 
Independence, Mo., about May 1847, ^"<i served during the entire war. 
They operated as far into the Mexican States as El Paso, Chihuahua and 
Santa Cruz De Resales, at which latter place, March i6th, 1848, this 
and six other companies of the 3d Regiment of Missouri Mounted 
Volunteers, Col. John Ralls * commanding, and two companies of U. S. 
Dragoons under the command of Major Beal, also the Santa Fe Battalion, 
under the command of Major Walker, constituting a force of about 600 
men, fought a battle with the Mexicans under Gen. Freas, who were in 
the town and sheltered by breastworks. The engagement lasted from 9 
o'clock a.m. until about sundown, when the place was charged, and the 
Mexicans defeated with a loss of 330 killed, many wounded and a large 
quantity of arms and ammunition, wagons, teams, etc. The U. S. troops 
and volunteers then occupied the town, the Mexicans having surrendered 
a large number of prisoners who were released the next day on parole. In 
this fight, company E of Ralls County lost i killed — Thos. Ely, and had 
two severely wounded — Ulysses Norton (still a resident of this county) 
and Jackson Parish. 

In a few days after this battle, all the American forces returned to Chi- 
huahua, where they remained until the close of the war, except seven 
companies of the 3d Regiment, who were stationed at Santa Cruz de 
Rosales, and occupied that post until the end of the war. In, July, 1848, 

* Col. John Ralls was born in Bath County, Kentucky, Nov. i8th, 1807, and emigrated 
with his father, Daniel Ralls, to the Territory of Missouri, in Oct. 1817. 

He was elected at Independence, Mo. and July 15th, 1847, commissioned by Gov. 
Edwards as Colonel of the 3d Regiment Missouri Mounted Volunteers, organized to 
serve in the Mexican War ; was mustered into service at Fort Leavenworth by Lt. Col. 
Wharton, and at the expiration of his term was honorably discharged at Independence, 
Mo., Oct. 25th, 1848. 

He joined his regiment (which had preceded him) at Santa F€, in Sept. 1847, and thq 
following month, being ordered to march on El Paso, captured that place without resist- 
ance, taking several prisoners, among them Armego, formerly Governor of New Mexico. 

In the March following, he accompanied Gen. Sterling Price in his forced march from 
El Paso to Santa Cruz de Rosales, a distance of 60 miles which was accomplished in 20 
hours, and took a prominent part in the assault, which terminated in the surrender of 
the latter place. Since his return in 1848, he has filled many public positions of honor 
and trust, and still lives to enjoy the well-deserved and hearty respect of all who know 
him. — Ed. 



RALLS COUNTY. 465 

these companies were ordered to Independence, Mo., and mustered out 
in Oct. 1848. 

The other three companies of that regiment were stationed at Taos, in 
New Mexico, during their term, and nevef joined their regiment until 
they were mustered out with it at Independence, Mo. 

These three companies had been under the command of Major Rey- 
nolds, who died on his return, in October, 1848, at Fort Mann, below 
the crossing of the Arkansas River. 

Physical Features. — The surface of the county, especially the eastern 
portion, is broken and undulating, about three-eighths prairie and five- 
eighths timber, consisting of black and white oak, hickory, elm, walnut, 
hackberry, sugar-maple, etc. 

Salt River passes north of the center of the county from west to east, 
and with its numerous tributaries, chief among which are Spencer and 
Lick in the south, furnishes an abundance of water. Springs of clear 
water abound everywhere, and there are also a number of valuable salt 
springs— Freemore, Burnett, Ely, Briggs, Fikes and Trabue Licks, and 
Saverton Springs near Saverton. 

The soil is generally good and gives an excellent return when properly 
cultivated. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, rye, oats, hay — 
timothy and red clover, blue grass, tobacco, potatoes, stock, and the 
various fruits — especially apples — usually raised in this latitude. 

Mineral Resources. — Coal is mined in the south-western part of 
the county, and shafts are now being sunk on Spencer Creek where fine 
indications of cannel coal have been discovered. Mineral paint and 
potters' clay of fine quality exist, and the latter is now being worked. 

Manufacturing Interests. — There are 8 flouring-mills, 10 saw- 
mills, 3 plow factories, i bi.rge wagon and carriage manufactory and i 
distillery in the county. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^10,250,000.* 
Railroads. — The Hannibal and St. Joseph R. R. has 4 miles, and 
the Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R., in the northern part of the county, 
15 miles of track ; the Chicago & Alton R. R. about 2 miles in the south, 
and the St. Louis & Keokuk R. R. 12 miles through the east-central part, 
and a branch road to the Audrain County Road, partly graded ; total, 32 
miles. The Mississippi Valley & Western R. R. has 18 miles graded in 
the eastern part of the county. 

The Exports are corn, wheat, rye, oats, flax, fruit, stock, car-tim- 
bers, apples, coal and paint. 

Educational Interests. — Public schools are established in nearly 
every part of the county and in several towns ; provision is made for the 

* Assessed valuation in 1873, $3.396.3i5- Taxation, J1.15 ffcr gioo. Bonded debt, i^n,cao. Floating 
debt, $14,000. 



466 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

education of colored children. There are several private schools of some 
local importance. New London High School, opened in i860, is in a 
flourishing condition ; Van Rensselaer Academy, founded in 1843, located 
on Big Creek and on the M.- K. & T. R. R., 13 miles west of Hannibal, 
has been long favorably known to the public. 

Centre, recently laid off 9 miles s.w. of New London, has i good 
school and 3 stores. 

Crigler's Mills, 20 miles w. of New London, has i mill, i store and 
several shops. 

Garden Grove, a post-office and store 12 miles s. w. of New London. 

Hassard, a post-office on the M., K. & T. R. R. 19 miles w. from 
Hannibal. 

Madisonville, 12 miles s. s. w. of New London, has 3 stores, 2 
mills, several shops and 2 churches — Christian and Cumberland Presby- 
terian. 

NEW LONDON, the county seat, on the St. L. & K. R. R. 10 
miles s. of Hannibal, was settled in 1819 and incorporated in 1869. It 
has three churches — Christian, Baptist and colored Christian, i good 
public school, 10 stores, i carpenter and 3 wagon shops, i brick yard, 3 
plow factories and i newspaper — The Ralls County Record, published by 
T. R. Dodge. Population about 600. 

Perry, 18 miles w. s. w. of New London,. situated on the Ralls Co. 
Bch. R. R., contains 5 stores and i wagon shop; also 3 churches — Chris- 
tian, Presbyterian and Methodist. 

Rensselaer, on the M., K. & T. R. R. 12 miles w. of Hannibal, 
is a newly settled town which contains i school and i church. 

Saverton, on the Mississippi River and on the M. V. & W. R. R. 
6 miles below Hannibal, is an important shipping point. It has several 
stores and shops, i school, and is near Saverton Springs, remarkable for 
their medicinal properties. A battle was fought here between the Indians 
and the whites during the war of 181 2 ; the Indians defeated the whites, 
killing several and wounding others. 

Sidney, 3 miles s. w. of Rensselaer, contains 3 stores, i school-house 
and church. 

West Hartford, a post-office and store 18 miles s. w. of New Lon- 
don, contains i cheese factory, i church — Congregational, and i school- 
house. 



RANDOLPH COUNTY, 

In the north-east-central part of the State, is bounded north by Macon 
County, east by Monroe and Audrain, south by Boone and Howard, and 
west by Chariton County, and contains 307,677 acres. 

Population in 1830, 2,942; in 1840, 7,198; in 1850,9,439; in i860, 
11,407; in 1870, 15,908, of whom 13, 774 were white, and 2,134 colored ; 
8,220 male, and 7,688 female; 15,317 native (10,446 born in Missouri) 
and 591 foreign. 

History. — This county was settled in 1820 by people from Kentucky 
and North Carolina. It was organized Jan. 2 2d, 1829, and the county 
seat located at Huntsville, Dec. 4th, 1830. Then its limits extended 
from Howard County to the State of Iowa. 

In 1829 the people were much disturbed by the news of an attack by 
the Indians upon the settlers north of them, (for particulars see Adair 
County, p. ^^,) and companies were at once formed in Randolph and the 
older settlements to proceed to the scene of action. Capt. Abraham Good- 
ing, who commanded the company from Randolph, and many of h-is men 
are still living. Capt. Robert Boucher, lately deceased, also raised a 
company. 

The first circuit judge in Randolph County was Hon. David Todd of 
Boone County, now deceased. The first county justices were Dr. Wm. 
Port, Joseph Baker and James Head, Barker now deceased. Robert 
Wilson, afterward U. S. Senator, now deceased, was the first clerk, and 
Hancock Jackson was the first sheriff. 

In 1832, during the Black Hawk War, Capt. Abraham Gooding again 
raised a company, but the war was closed soon after they reported for 
duty. 

A company was also raised in this county for the Mexican War ; Capt. 
Hancock Jackson, (for a short time Governor of Missouri, now of Salem, 
Oregon,) commanding ; Clare Oxley, ist Lieut. ; Robert G. Gilman, 2d 
Lieut. ; and W. R. Samuel, brevet 2d Lieut. Among the old heroes of 
the war of 181 2, now residents of Randolph, are Elijah Williams, aged 
83 ; Rev, W. H. Mansfield, 82 ; Isaac Harris, 83 ; Abraham Gooding, 
83 ; Wm. McCann, 77 ; Rev. Samuel C. Davis, 79 ; Dr. William Fort, 
89 ; Durrett Bruce, 84 ; and Brice Edwards, 81. The following widows 
of old soldiers are still living, Mildred Payton, aged 75 ; Nancy Hall, 
77 ; Mildred Bagby, 77 ; Rhoda Artman, 80 ; Amy Amick, 80. 

Physical Features.. — The grand divide between the Mississippi and 
Missouri Rivers passes in a northerly direction through the eastern part 
of the county, leaving more than one-fourth on the east drained by 



468 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL 

streams to the Mississippi, while west of it the streams flow into the 
Missouri. The slopes east of this divide and near the prairie are gentle^ 
but as the streams enlarge, the hills gradually become of greater height. 

The slopes adjacent to Flat Creek are very gentle, but near Moniteau 
and Perche Creeks the country is broken. Near Silver Creek the country 
is quite hilly, and between Chariton and Sweet Spring Creeks, and also 
between Dark and East Fork, it is rolling. 

The slopes adjacent to Dark and Muncas Creeks are gentle, becoming 
more hilly near the Middle Fork of the Chariton, and still more so near 
the East Fork. In the northern part of the county, between the East and 
Middle Forks the country is undulating. 

Near the East Foi'k, Walnut and Sugar Creeks, it is quite hilly. The 
bottoms of Middle and East Forks are generally one-fourth, and some- 
times one-half a mile wide, and very flat ; those of Sweet Sprmg, Sugar^ 
Flat and Mud Creeks are narrower, and those of Perche and Moniteau 
are often over 200 yards wide. 

The grand divide, or prairie, in the eastern portion of the county, com- 
prises, with the timber skirting it, about one-third of the county, and is 
finely adapted to farming, stock-raising and general agricultural pursuits. 
The western half of the county is interspersed with prairies of superior 
fertility, and the timber lands contiguous are generally of excellent pro- 
ductive quality. The timber is chiefly, elm, cottonwood, shell-bark 
hickory, linden, and burr, swamp, white, red and pin oak, sycamore^ 
birch, hackberry and white maple. 

There is much good, and some large tracts of very rich land in this 
county. The bottoms are exceedingly productive, but those of the East 
Fork, Middle Fork and Sweet Spring Creek are flat, and have many small 
ponds and tracts of marshy grounds, that, to be cultivated, must be 
drained, which has been partially done. The soil is a very dark rich 
loam, reposing on stiff" dark clays. Sweet Spring is valued for its medic- 
inal properties, and Gorham's Lick is a salt spring. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, rye, corn, oats, stock 
and tobacco. There were about 3,000,000 pounds of tobacco raised in 
1873. Fruits succeed well, especially apples, which are of a fine size 
and flavor. There are several thousand acres of swamp land held by the 
county at ^2.50 per acre. 

Mineral Resources. — Coal is abundant, and is seen outcropping 
at so many localities that the inhabitants do not place the proper estimate 
upon it. It is now being successfully mined at Renick, Huntsville and 
one or two other points, and the day is not far distant when it will be 
Randolph's most valuable article of export. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of flouring and saw-mills, 
1 wagon manufactory, i candy and several tobacco factories. The ma- 
chine shops of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W. are located at Moberly. 



RANDOLPH COUNTY. 469 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^6,000,000.* 

Railroads. — St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W. has 44 miles, 
and the Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R. has 18 miles of track in the 
county; total 62 miles, giving Randolph good railroad facilities. 

The Exports are tobacco, corn, wheat, stock and coal. 

The Educational Interests have received marked attention dur- 
ing the last 5 years. All of the districts are supplied with comfortable 
houses, and competent teachers are employed. 

Breckenridge, 9 miles n. w. of Huntsville, has i store, and is sur- 
rounded by a rich farming country. 

Cairo, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 6 miles n. of Moberly, is 
surrounded by a fine farming country, and was settled in 1858. It con- 
tains I Union church, i school, 2 stores, a lumber yard and about 150 
inhabitants. 

Clark, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., is 11 miles s. e. of Moberly. 

Clifton Hill, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 14 miles w. of 
Moberly, surrounded by excellent timber and fine farms, has a Baptist 
church, 2 stores, several shops and i tobacco factory. Population, 
about 100. 

Darks ville, 9 miles n. of Huntsville, has a Baptist church and a dry 
goods store. 

Fort Henry, 4 miles n. w. of Huntsville, has a Methodist church, 
neat and commodious. 

Higbee, a station on the M. K. & T. R. R., 9 miles s. w. of Moberly. 

HUNTSVILLE, the county seat, near the center of the county, 
on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 7 miles w. of Moberly, was settled in 
1829, and is a pleasantly situated town, built in a tasteful and substantial 
manner, and surrounded by a good country. It has 2 fine churches — 
Christian and Methodist ; and Mount Pleasant College, under the control 
of the United Baptists, is located here, and is an ornament to the town, 
the beautiful grounds and buildings costing ;^4o,ooo. It is well sustained, 
having about 200 students, and the citizens justly feel much pride in the 
position it is taking among the educational institutions of the State. 
There are also 8 stores, i bank, a good public school, 2 wagon shops, 2 
hotels, 3 large tobacco factories, i livery stable, i woolen mill and numer- 
ous coal mines. Population, about 2,000. 

Jacksonville, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 12 miles n. of 
Moberly, has 2 neat frame churches, used by Methodists, Baptists, Chris- 
tians and Cumberland Presbyterians, i good school-house, 3 stores and 
a population of about 200. 

Levick's Mill, a post-office 12 miles n. n. e. of Moberly. 



♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ^5,250,000. Taxation, I1.7S per gioo. Bonded debt, ^47,000. Sugar 
Creek Tp^ has a bonded debt of ^65,000. 



470 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 

Milton, 14 miles e. of Huntsville, has i dry goods store, and i M. E. 
Ch. South. 

Moberly, at the junction of the main line of the St. L., K. C. & N. 
R. W. with the Northern Division and the M., K. & T. R. R., 146 
miles from St. Louis and 62 miles from Hannibal, at the close of the 
war contained but i citizen, Patrick Lynch ; but it has grown rapidly 
since, and now has a population of about 6,000, It was incorporated as 
a city in 1872, and has 7 churches — Baptist, M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, 
Cumberland Presbyterian, Christian, Catholic and Episcopal, an excellent 
public school, 25 stores, 2 banks, i candy and i tobacco factory, i brewery, 
1 steam planing-mill. Many of the houses are substantially and elegantly 
built, and this thriving young city presents a most attractive appearance. 
The great feature of the place, however, is the commodious machine 
shops of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W. The amount of work done in 
these shops, and the number of hands necessary to carry them on, will 
be a great source of revenue to the city perpetually. 

Mount Airy, 7 miles s. w. of Huntsville, in a rich agricultural country, 
has I store and 2 tobacco factories, also a Union church. 

Randolph. — See Renick. 

Renick, (Randolph,) on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 6 miles s. of 
Moberly, situated in a beautiful prairie, was settled in 1856, and has 2 
churches — i used by Methodists and Baptists alternately, and i Christian, 
the best public school building in the county, 8 stores, i plow, i wagon 
and I tobacco factory. It is a good shipping point, and does an immense 
trade in ties. Population, about 400. 

Rolling Home, a post-office 15 miles n. w. of Huntsville. 

Thomasville, 9 miles n. w. of Huntsville, has i store and a Baptist 
church. 



RAY COUNTY, 

In the western part of the State, is bounded north by Caldwell, east by 
Carroll, south by the Missouri River — which separates it from Lafayette and 
Jackson, and west by Clay and Clinton Counties, and contains 360,226 
acres. 

Population in 1830, 2,657; in 1840, 6,553; in 1850, 10,373; in 
i860, 14,092; in 1870, 18,700, of whom 16,867 were white and 1,833 
colored; 9,780 males, 8,920 female ; 18,135 native (11,864 born in Mig^ 
souri) and 565 foreign. ^ 

History. — In 1816 Isaac Martin, John Proffitt, Holland Vander- 
pool, Abraham Linville, Isaac Wilson, John Turner, William Turn- 
age, Winant Vanderpool, Lewis Richards and others from Virginia 
and Kentucky, settled on Crooked River near the present site 
of Buffalo City. Settlers came in rapidly, and in 1819 Meadow 
Vanderpool, who was afterwards county surveyor, opened the first 
school taught in this section of country. This same year the first 
steamboat navigated the Missouri River as far as Camden, and was a great 
curiosity to the Indians then in the county, who, for a time, could not be 
induced to approach it. / 

This county was organized Nov. i6th, 1820, and named in honor of John 
Ray, a member of the Constitutional Convention from Howard County. 
It then embraced all that part of the State west of the Grand River and 
north of the Missouri. From this magnificent expanse of territory 12 
other counties were erected — Ray has been called the Mother of Counties 
— but its boundaries have not been altered since Dec. 29th, 1836. 

The first county court was held in April 1821, at Bluffton — John 
Thornton, Isaac Martin and Elisha Conner, justices; Wm. L. Smith, 
clerk, and John Harris, sheriff. 

Hon. Hamilton R. Gamble was the first circuit attorney, who, upon his 
resignation was succeeded by Abiel Leonard, and he, by Charles French. 
George Tompkins, Peyton R. Hayden, Cyrus Edwards, Gen. Duff 
Green, John F. Ryland and Amos Reese were acting attorneys at Bluffton. 
The only memorial that remains of this once important pioneer seat of 
justice is upon the county records and in the memories of the early 
settlers of the State. In 1827 John Wollard had a corn field upon the 
present public square of Richmond, but the year following a town was 
laid off at that place and the county records removed to it. The first court 
was held at Richmond, May 5th, 1828, Wm. P. Thompson, Sebron J. 
Miller and Isaac Allen, justices; Geo. Woodward, clerk, and Larkin 



472 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS OUR L 

Stanley, sheriff. Hon. Austin A. King, of Ray County, was judge of the 
5th judicial circuit of which Ray was a part, from 1837 to 1848, when 
he was elected Governor of Missouri. Hon. George W. Dunn succeeded 
him and was circuit judge of the 5th circuit from 1848 to 1861. 

Ray County furnished i company for the Black Hawk War in 1832, 
Capt. John Sconce in command, relieved by Capt. Wm. Pollard. In 
1836, 2 companies of militia under command of Captains Mathew P. 
Long and Wm. Pollard were ordered out as a part of Brig. Gen, Wm. 
Thompson's brigade, to serve in the Heatherly War. (See Clay County 
page 150.) In the Florida War in 1837, the *' Missouri Spies," (a company 
made up chiefly of recruits from Ray County) commanded by Capt. John 
Sconce, Israel R. Hendley ist lieut., did good service in the swamps and 
everglades of Florida. In the battle of Okeechobee, Dec. 25th, 1837, 
this company suffered severely; among the killed were Perry Jacobs and 
James Remley of Ray County. Wm. B. Hudgins, now (1874) a resi- 
dent of Richmond, Ray County, was wounded. 

In 1846 Capt. Israel R. Hendley recruited for the Mexican War com- 
pany "G," 2d Battalion Missouri Mounted Riflemen, Col. Sterling 
Price's regiment, and under Kearney and Doniphan, they won laurels of 
which the county is justly proud. June 25th 1847, Capt. Israel R. Hend- 
ley, who had proved himself a gallant officer, fell at Moro, New Mexico, 
and was succeeded in command by Lieut. Wm. M. Jacobs still a resident 
of Ray County. 

During the late Civil War, Ray County furnished a large number of 
soldiers for both armies who bore themselves bravely in some of the 
hardest fought battles, adding new lustre to the military honors already 
won by the county. 

Physical Features. — The eastern and northern parts are mostly 
prairie with a little timber skirting the streams ; the central portion is 
about equally divided between timber and prairie, and the south-western 
and southern portions generally heavily timbered with the various kinds 
of oak ; also hickory, walnut, hackberry, sugar maple, ash and cotton- 
wood. The soil is rich and productive, and the county is well watered. 
Crooked River and its affluents. West Fork, Middle Fork and East Fork, 
drain the entire central portion ; East Fork and West Fork of Wakanda 
the north-eastern portion ; Fishing River, Keeny and Rollins Creeks the 
south-western, and Willow Creek the south-central part. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, rye, tobacco 
and hemp. Fruits are raised in abundance ; especial attention has been 
given to the culture of the grape, and there are a number of remarkably 
fine vineyards. Stock-raising is an important industry. 

Mineral Resources. — Bituminous coal of a superior quality is 
found. The stratum underlying the county is about 24 inches in thick- 
ness, and can be easily reached by sinking shafts and drifting. There is 



J^AV COUNTY. 473 

another stratum about 6 feet in thickness at a depth of several hundred 
feet. 

The principal coal mines are at Camden, on the Missouri River, and 
vicinity. The mines in the suburbs of Richmond and those west of it 
yield a superior quality of coal and pay a handsome profit on the capital 
invested. Indications of lead and coal have been observed in various 
places. 

The Manufacturing Interests are noticed under the heads of the 
towns where they are located. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $10,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W. passes 
through the southern part of the county, having 25 miles of track ; the 
St. Joseph B'ch of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., has 28 miles of track 
running diagonally from south-east to north-west ; the Burlington & 
Southwestern R. R. has made a survey of the line of their road, which 
when completed will pass through the south-eastern part of the county, 
intersecting the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. at Hardin. 

The Exports are wheat, corn, oats, rye, tobacco, hemp and stock. 

The Educational Interests are well attended to; public schools are 
established in nearly all the sub-districts, and in several of the towns 
there are private schools of good local reputation. 

Albany, i mile n. e. of Orrick, is a brisk little town, surrounded by a 
fine farming country, and has 7 business houses, i school-house, i ilour- 
ing-mill, i church, used by the M. E. Ch. and Baptists. Population, 
about 150. 

Camden, on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. 5 miles w. of the R. & L. 
Junction, and on the north bank of the Missouri River, is a flourishing 
town in the center of a country admirably adapted to the culture of grain 
and fruit. The coal mines in this vicinity are only partially developed, 
but are a source of considerable wealth to the town, and afford employ- 
ment to more than 200 miners. It has 8 stores, 2 hotels, 2 school-houses, 
I church, used by all denominations, and i large flouring-mill. Wood, 
coal and water being convenient, Camden presents decided advantages for 
manufacturing. Population, about 600. 

Crab Orchard, (Elk Horn,) a post-office 9 miles n. w. of Richmond. 

Elk Horn.— See Crab Orchard. 

Fox, (Russellville,) a post-office 16 miles n. e. of Richmond. 

Foote Station.— See Rayville. 

Fredericksburgh. — See New Garden. 

Georgeville, a post-office 20 miles n. n. e. of Richmond. 

Haller. — See Rayville. 

Hardin, on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. 6 miles n. e. of the R. & 

debf S?^ valuation for 1873, J5.54".ia9- Taxation, J1.25 per |ioo. Bonded debt, ^223,000. Floating 



474 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

L, Junction, is in the center of a fine farming country, for which it is the 
shipping point; it has 12 business houses, i school-house and i church 
used by several denominations. Population, about 300. 

Henry, (Henrietta, Richmond & Lexington Junction,) at the 
junction of St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. with the St. J. B'ch, is a growing 
town, and is the shipping point for a fine agricultural country. It has 
5 business houses, 3 hotels, i railroad eating house, fine depot buildings, 
grain elevator, i school-house, i church. Population, about 200. 

Henrietta. — See Henry. 

Hull's Point, 5 miles w. n. w. of Orrick, is a brisk little village. 

Knoxville, 14 miles n. n. w. of Richmond, is surrounded by a 
fine farming country. It has 5 business houses, i school-house, 2 churches 
— Baptist and Methodist. Population, about 175. 

Lawson Station, on the St. J. B'chof theSt. L. K. C. &N. R. W., 20 
miles n. w. of Richmond, is a growing town, and has 10 business houses, 

1 church for all denominations, i school-house, and a population of 
about 200. 

Lisbonville, a post-office 22 miles n. w. of Richmond. 
Millville, a post-office 10 miles n. e. of Richmond, is situated in 
the heart of a fine agricultural region. It has 5 business houses, i hotel^ 

2 school-houses, i church for all denominations, and i flouring-mill. 
Population, about 200. 

Morton, 6 miles n. e. of Richmond, is a brisk town, and has 3 stores^ 
I school-house and a Union church. 

Mount Pleasant. — See Tinney's Grove. 

New Garden, (Fredericksburgh,) a post-office 15 miles n. w. of 
Richmond. 

North Lexington, is the terminus of the St. L. & St J. R. R. on the 
north bank of the Missouri River, opposite Lexington. A great effort 
will be made to build a bridge across the river at this point before long, 
to give an unbroken line of railroad connection to the South-west. 

Orrick, on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. 11 miles s. w. of the R & L. 
Junction (Henry,) is a business point of some importance. It has 5 busi- 
ness houses, I hotel, i school-house, i town hall, a Masonic hall, and a 
population of about 100. 

Rayville, (Sheridan, Haller, Foote Station,) a post-office 7^ miles 
n. w. of Richmond. 

RICHMOND, the county seat, on the St. L. & St. J. R. R. 4 miles 
from the R. & L. Junction, 237 miles w. of St. Louis, 44 miles from Kansas 
City, and 67 miles s. e. of St. Joseph, is surrounded by a fertile country 
in a high state of cultivation. The county seat was removed from 
Bluffton in 1827, but the court-house built at that time has long since 
given place to a more modern structure. The town is well and tastefully 
built, and has 7 churches — i Presbyterian, i Christian, 2 Methodist, 2 



J^AV COUNTY. 475 

Baptist and i Catholic, a substantial college building, in which is taught 
a well graded school, having an attendance of 500, 2 banks, 2 newspapers 
— The Chronicle, published by G. W. Hendley, and The Conservator, 
published by Jacob T. Child, i real estate agency having an abstract of 
land titles, represented by J. W. & J. E. Black, 22 stores and 3 wagon fac- 
tories, I foundry, 4 blacksmith establishments, 2 plow manufactories, 3 
iioteis. Population, 2,000. 

Richmond & Lexington Junction. — See Henry. 

Russell ville. — See Fox. 

Sheridan. — See Rayville. 

Swanwick, a post office on the St. L. & St. J. R. R. 5 miles n. w. 
of Richmond. 

Taitsville, a post-office 18^ miles n. of Richmond. 

Tinney's Grove, (Mount Pleasant,) 26 miles n. n. e. of Richmond, 
a small business place surrounded by a fine prairie country. 

Vibbard, on the St. L. & St. J. R. R. 14 miles n. w. of Richmond, 
is a flourishing town. It has 6 business houses, i hotel, i school-house, 
I church, used by all denominations, and a population of 125. 



REYNOLDS COUNTY, 

In the south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Dent and 
Iron Counties, east by Iron and Wayne, south by Carter and Shannon, 
and west by Shannon and Dent Counties, and contains 494,379 acres. 

Population in 1850, 1,849; i^ i860, 3,173; in 1870,3,756, of 
whom 3,745 were white and 11 colored; 1,847 T^3.\e and 1,909 female; 
3,733 native (2,571 born in Missouri) and 23 foreign. 

History. — The first settlement was made in 181 2, by Henry Fry from 
Kentucky, on the Middle Fork of Black River, and in 1816 Major Henry 
located near the junction of the Three Forks of Black River, on what was 
then known as the Maxwell Reserve, and some years later, about 1825, 
James Logan and Seth Hyatt, from North Carolina, settled on Logan's 
Creek. These pioneers were hunters, who enjoyed the wild life of the 
"wilderness, and lived in harmony with the Indians, of whom there were 
quite a number in the county at that time. Until 1830, this county 
formed part of Ripley, but soon after that date the lines were changed 
and it was attached to Washington, then at a subsequent meeting of the 
Legislature the territory became a part of Shannon, and February 25th, 
1845, through the influence of Hon. Pate Buford, the renowned wolf- 
hunter of 1836, the present county was organized and named in honor 
of Thos. Reynolds, a former Governor of Missouri. Since 1830, Mr. A. 
J. Parks of Centreville, (the gentleman to whom we are indebted for 
many of these facts) has lived in four different counties, yet has not 
changed his residence. The first county court was held in November, 
1845, in an old log cabin at old Lesterville — H. Allen, judge; Peter O. 
Miner, prosecuting attorney ; Marvin Munger, sheriff, and C. C. Camp- 
bell, clerk. For many years these early settlers lived in primitive simpli- 
city; all their goods and groceries were packed on horseback (there 
being no wagons in the county), from the nearest point on the Mississippi, 
and before every door stood the mortar, and near it the corn in the sack, 
ready to be pounded into meal. But they were a moral and industrious 
class, and the county grew steadily, though slowly, until the late Civil 
War, when it was repeatedly plundered by both armies, and at one time 
nearly depopulated. The building of the St. L. & I. M. R. R., which 
passes near the eastern boundary of the county, has given a wonderful 
impetus to immigration and improvements of all kinds. 

Physical Features. — The face of the country is somewhat irregular, 
rather hilly, interspersed at intervals with valleys of rich alluvial soil. 
The hills and valleys, generally, are heavily timbered, the former with 
pine, and the latter with oak, ash, hickory, walnut, sugar maple, hack- 



478 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

berry, papaw, and a species of shrub, familiarly known as leatherwood. 
The county is well watered by Black River, East, Middle and West Fork, 
and Logan's Creek, which traverse it from north-west to south-east. At 
the junction of East, Middle and West Fork of Black River, a stream of 
considerable size is formed, which flows along the eastern border of the 
county for many miles, winding in a zig-zag course across a broad valley, 
laying it off" in lots suitable for farming purpeses, many of which are 
occupied. The western portion is watered by Lost Spring Creek and 
numerous fine large springs. Some of these streams are large enough for 
ordinary rafting purposes, and afford, as do also many of the springs, good 
water power. There are several thousand acres of swamp lands and a 
few hundred acres of railroad lands for sale in the county. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes 
and tobacco — the latter of a superior quality. The grasses grow luxuri- 
antly, and fruits succeed well. 

Mineral Rel'sources. — Indications of iron have been found in almost 
every part of the county, and in some places iron is known to exist in 
paying quantities, but no efforts have been made to develop it. Lead 
also has been discovered and is being worked at the Pioneer Lead Mines, 
in the north-western part of the county. It is said to be of a superior 
quality and yields 22 per cent, of silver. 

The Manufacturing Interests have received but little attention, 
and consist of a few flouring and saw-mills. 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^1,000,000.* 

The Exports are wheat, corn, oats, stock and lumber. 

The Educational Interests are receiving increased attention. 
Several comfortable school buildings have already been erected and others 
are in course of construction. 

Alamode, a post-office 12 miles s. w. of Centreville. 

Barnsville. — See Logan's Creek. 

CENTREVILLE, the county seat, on the West Fork of Black 
River, 15 miles w. of Russell's Mills, Iron County, its usual railroad 
station, has 2 stores, i hotel, i saw and grist-mill, and i school-house. 
There are remarkably fine springs in this vicinity, one of which furnishes 
water power for the mill here spoken of. Population about 100. 

Edge Hill, a post-office 13 miles n. n. e. of Centreville. 

Lesterville, 7 miles e. of Centreville, surrounded by fertile valleys 
and well cultivated farms, has 2 stores, a Masonic and Odd Fellows Hall, 
I church — Baptist, and i school-house. Population about 100. 

Logan's Creek, (Barnsville,) 18 miles s. of Centreville, has i store, 
I steam saw and gl-ist-mill, i school-house and i church. 

West Fork, a post-office 16 miles n. w. of Centreville. 

•Assessed valuation in 1873, ;J945,627. Taxation, ^1.55 per Jioo. Bonded debt, ji,ooo. Floating 
debt, Ji,5oo. 



RIPLEY COUNTY, 

In the south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Carter 
County, east by Butler, south by the Arkansas State Line, and west by 
Oregon County, and contains 380,160 acres. 

Population in 1840, 2,856; in 1850, 2,830; in i860, 3,747; in 
1870, 3,175, of whom 3,165 were white and 10 colored; 1,572 male and 
1,603 female; 3,121 native (1,575 born in Missouri) and 54 foreign. 

History. — It was probably in 1819 that Wm. Little andThos. Pulliam 
settled on La Fourche de Main in what is now Ripley County, and Geo. 
Lee, Wm. Merrill, Joseph Hall, Willis Dudley, Abner Ponder and a few 
others settled on Current River. The county was organized Jan. 5th, 
1833, and named in honor of Gen. Ripley. The county suffered severely 
during the late Civil War, being occupied alternately by both armies, 
besides being invaded by marauding parties and bushwhackers, who 
murdered peaceful citizens and destroyed houses, fences and crops, until 
towards the close of the war scarcely a male citizen was permitted to 
remain at home unmolested. Doniphan, the county seat, was first pillaged 
and then burned, only 2 or 3 houses of the entire town being saved. 

Physical Features. — The entire central portion of the county is 
watered by Current River and its tributaries ; the western part by La 
Fourche de Main, and the eastern portion by Little Black and its afflu- 
ents. Along the eastern part there is a low, level, though fertile 
section known as the "swamps," the soil of which is a sandy loam, well 
adapted to the growth of cotton, corn, wheat, potatoes, oats, vegetables 
and fruits. The interior portion is somewhat more elevated, though 
comparatively level and not so fertile as the "swamps," but it is excel- 
lent for tobacco, and yields good crops of corn, oats, wheat, rye, clover, 
etc. The western portion is still more elevated and somewhat broken, 
with very rich valleys along the water courses. One vast forest, except 
where the woodman's axe has removed it, covers the entire county, con- 
sisting of a heavy growth of pine, several varieties of oak, also ash, walnut, 
elm, hickory and dogwood. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, rye, cot- 
ton and tobacco. Increased attention is being given to fruit-culture. 

Mineral Resources. — There are surface indications of lead, iron 
and silver. 

The Manufacturing Interests are noticed under the heads of 
the different towns. 



48o CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^1,500,000.* 

Railroads. — The St. Louis and Iron Mountain Railroad runs near 
the s. e. corner, and the Illinois, Missouri and Texas Road (Cape Girard- 
eau and State Line) is projected through the county. 

The Exports are lumber, cotton, stock and corn. 

Educational Interests. — The schools are not yet in as good con- 
dition as could be desired, and many of the school-houses are rather 
dilapidated. 

DONIPHAN, the county seat, on the east bank of the Current 
River 30 miles s. w. of Poplar Bluff, Butler County, its nearest railroad 
station, is a good business point and commands the trade of the entire 
county. It has a substantial court-house, a school-house, 5 stores, 3 
shops and i mill. Population about 200. 

Fair Dealing, 12 miles n. e. of Doniphan, has i store and 2 shops. 
Population, about 30. 

Gatewood, a post-office 15 miles w. s. w. of Doniphan. 

Little Black, a post-office 12 miles n. e. of Doniphan. 

•Assessed valuation for 1873, ^750,269. Taxation, $1.75 per ^100. Bonded debt, ^10,000. 



ST. CHARLES COUNTY, 

In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Lincoln County 
and the Mississippi River, which separates it from Illinois, east and south 
by the Missouri River, which divides it from St. Louis and Franklin 
Counties, and west by Warren and Lincoln Counties, and contains 
339,690 acres. 

Population in 1810, 3,505; in 1820, 3,970; in 1830, 4*320; in 
1840, 7,911; in 1850, 11,454; in i860, 16,523; in 1870, 21,304, of 
whom 19,382 were white, and 1,922 colored; 11,346 male, and 9,958 
female; 15,783 native (12,577 born in Missouri), and 5,521 foreign. 

History. — The first settlement in what is now St. Charles County, 
and indeed in all northern Missouri, was made in 1762 by Blanchette, 
surnamed "Le Chasseur," (the hunter,) who built his hut on the site now 
occupied by St. Charles City. It was called first Les Petites Cotes, (little 
hills,) then Village des Cotes, (the village of the hills.) The Indian wars, 
massacres and adventures which attended the first settlement of the State 
west of the Missouri River, occurred principally in St. Charles County. 
Here the Rangers were raised, and forts built, and it was in this county 
that Black Hawk made his first efforts against the white population. The 
villagers, many of whom engaged in agricultural pursuits, received, with 
others, each a grant from the Government of a lot 120 x 150 feet (French 
measure) in the village, for residence, and a field at a convenient distance 
for farming purposes. These fields were 1 arpent (192)^ feet) wide, and 
40 arpents long, containing about 34 acres, and each farmer had one or 
more granted him, according to the number of his family, or his ability 
to work them. They were to be had free on the condition of their being 
Worked, and were laid off adjoining each other, to save the expense of 
fencing. Twenty, thirty, and sometimes more were inclosed by one 
fence, which was built and kept in repair at the common cost of those 
whose land it protected. These inclosures, one or more of which were 
to be found near every French village, were known as ''common fields." 
Several reasons have been assigned for the peculiarity in the shape of 
these farms, that of being so narrow and long. It probably grew out of 
an ancient custom in France. Incidentally, (according to the venerable 
Felix Valle, of Ste. Genevieve,) the proximity of the lots furnished our 
early French settlers, while cultivating them, a safeguard against the 
attacks of the Indians. Besides these grants to individuals, there were 
also granted to the villagers as a community, a more or less extended 
tract of commune lands, or the commons, (usually located near the vil- 



482 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

lage,) which were not cultivated, but used in common by the villagers as 
pasture for their stock, and furnished them also wood and lumber. 

These commons have long since been sub-divided and sold, or leased 
for long terms, thus passing into the hands of individuals. In addition 
to these, other grants were made to individuals without pecuniary con- 
sideration, on the condition that the grantee should inhabit or cultivate 
them. A party wishing a grant addressed a petition to the Governor, 
or the man occupying that position, stating that he had "the honor" to 
ask for a certain quantity of land at a certain place, assigning almost any 
reason, good, bad or indifferent, which fact or fancy might suggest, why 
such grant should be made. A very estimable gentleman, claiming under 
the original grant, now occupies a tract of land in this county, which was 
granted to a man who stated in his petition that he had become impressed 
with the fact that the people of the county were suffering for the want of 
peach brandy, and that he was desirous of supplying their 'lack by plant- 
ing an orchard, and making brandy, and wanted some land at a place 
designated, for that purpose. The Governor, in his answer, very cheer- 
fully acknowledged that his people (and perhaps he might have added, 
himself, too,) were sadly in want of peach brandy, and so he gave the 
petitioner the land he had asked for. And the same man afterwards 
obtained an additional grant for the reason that the former grant was all 
prairie land, and now he wanted some timbered land, so that he could 
get wood to run his distillery. In all cases where the Governor was dis- 
posed to comply with the request, he granted the prayer of the petitioner, 
and ordered the official surveyor to put the party in possession. The 
tracts thus granted were not surveyed in pursuance of any plan embracing 
the whole country, but were laid out in every conceivable shape, the lines 
running without regard to the points of the compass, straight or zigzag, 
just as it happened. They were always located upon a water-course, and 
whenever it was practicable, included a spring, near which the dwelling 
was usually erected, and other improvements made. These grants were 
of various sizes and shapes, as the wishes or caprices of the grantees dic- 
tated, varying from loo arpents (about 85 acres) up to the enormous and 
unwieldy bulk of 9 square miles — 5,760 acres — of which latter class an 
example may be found in the Arend Rutger Survey on the waters of 
Dardenne, in this county. The surveys being laid out very irregularly 
with lines of varying length, and running to every point of the compass, 
interfered, as seen on a sectional map of this county, very greatly with 
the straight north and south, and east and west lines, run by the United 
States surveyors when they sectionized and sub-divided the country after 
it passed from France to the United States, by purchase from Napoleon, 
in 1803. Near the villages, on the small strips composing the common 
fields, the proprietors raised wheat sufficient for bread for their families, 
corn enough for their few horses and cattle, a few sheep, perhaps, for 



ST. CHARLES COUNTY. 483 

their warmer clothing and foot-gear, a little cotton for lighter clothing, 
with garden vegetables and a few fruit trees, the forest being the source 
-of their principal supply of fruit, and a portion of their clothing in the 
shape of deer-skins, out of which, pants, coats, vests and moccasins were 
manufactured, and in the intervals between other occupations, their time 
was taken up with hunting, trapping and trading in furs and peltries. 

On the larger tracts much attention, doubtless, was given to the objects 
just named, but horses and cattle were probably the main production. 
In both cases, there being but little demand for them beyond the wants 
of producers and their dependents, the surplus of agricultural products 
was small, and this of necessity arising from the lack of buyers, or the 
want of that energy always displayed in active commerce. The imple- 
ments used in those days were as simple and primitive as the people who 
used them. The axe with which they cut their firewood, was made by 
some blacksmith who wandered into these western wilds to ply his trade, 
-and who likewise fashioned their plow-shares, while some rough carpenter 
made the old wooden mold board. The wheat was cut by hand and 
trampled out by horses or oxen, or beaten out with the flail. The corn 
was gathered in the little two-wheeled cart, a specimen of which can yet 
•occasionally be seen. The grain was taken on horseback, or in the same 
little French cart, to some neighboring mill, run by water or horse power, 
.and made into flour or meal, which was cooked in the old bake-oven or 
.skillet, with hot coals before the fire. 

These French settlers were a light-hearted race, sturdy and enduring, 
possessing characteristics eminently qualifying them for pioneers and for 
intercourse with the Indians. Happy in the gratification of their simple 
<iesires, they enjoyed the present with but few thoughts for the future, and 
adapted themselves with wonderful facility to the manners of life among 
the Indians, with whom many of them carried on a profitable traffic, and 
all of them had more or less intercourse. They engaged in hunting, 
fishing and trapping, and dealing in the few articles necessary for such a 
state of civilization, exchanging the same for furs and peltries. 

St. Charles was organized very soon after the purchase of Louisiana 
from the French Government (1803), and then embraced all the country ly- 
ing between the Mississippi and the Missouri, stretching north indefinitely, 
and west to the Pacific Ocean. Howard, organized Jan. 23d, 1816, was 
the first county taken from its territory, and although very extensive, St. 
Charles still remained of vast dimensions, but it is presumable that after 
the erection of Howard, the authority of the St. Charles courts did not 
practically extend west of a line drawn northward from the Osage River. 
In those days the authority of the constituted tribunals was perhaps not 
very greatly respected, or rather it should be said, there was perhaps only 
occasional need for a stringent assertion of it. As an example of the ease 
with which such matters were conducted among the early settlers of that 



484 CAMP BELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

region, it is related of a simple-hearted Frenchman, residing at Cote sans 
Dessein, in what is now Callaway County, that being once appointed judge 
of a certain election held at that point, he could not read the certificate 
conferring the honor thrust upon \\\m. pro tern., although he possessed him- 
self of the fact, and thinking " once a judge always a judge," he acted as 
justice of the peace, and dispensed the law among his neighbors for several 
years, until at last somebody found out how matters stood and corrected 
them. But it suited the people just as well as though he was legally in- 
stalled _/«^<? ^/(? /a/ji:, and as he could not write, he not only dispensed 
justice, but dispensed with a docket and all appeals to any higher juris- 
diction. 

January 21st, 1816, the Territorial Legislature provided for the holding, 
of circuit court in St. Charles and other counties, and three days later an 
"Act appointing the representation in the General Assembly of the Terri- 
tory of Missouri," was passed, by which there was given to the County of 
St. Charles three representatives, and to St. Louis two. The county wag 
reduced to its present limits upon the organization of Lincoln and Mont- 
gomery, Dec. 14th, 1818. 

Physical Features. — Two of the largest streams in America wash 
the shores of this county — the Mississippi on the north, and the Missouri 
on the east and south-east ; the dividing land between the two rivers is 
rolling, and in some places broken into ridges. The long point or tongue 
of land, for twenty miles above the mouth of the Missouri, is entirely 
alluvial, and varies from two to ten miles in width. The highlands ter- 
minate at a point 2)^ miles north-west of St. Charles, 6 miles south of the 
Mississippi, and i mile west of the Missouri. At this point, where the 
main body of the bluffs is covered with timber, two smooth mounds, of 
regular surface, without trees or shrubs, but covered with grass, project 
into the prairie some distance from the main bluffs. These were named 
by the early French pioneers, Les Mamelles (the breasts). These mounds 
have an elevation of about 150 feet, and afford an extensive view of a 
most beautiful country. Many years ago a clergyman was conducted by 
a friend to Les Mamelles, by the hill route leading through the woods. 
Emerging from the front, the vista opened, disclosing to his astonished 
vision a scene of surpassing loveliness. A beautiful level plain spread 
out before him for miles, east, west and north, dressed in living green, 
variegated with many-hued prairie flowers ; the whole encircled by the 
bluffs of the two rivers, whose crags and peaks, reflecting the rays of the 
evening sun, presented the appearance of towns and villages and ruined 
castles. To the north lay the Marais Croche Lake, like an immense mir- 
ror set in emerald. For a i^w moments the clergyman stood in mute 
astonishment. When he recovered his speech, he exclaimed, " I have 
never before seen anything that gave me a proper conception of the 
Promised Land." The Rev. Timothy Flint, in his "Ten Years' Residence 



ST. CHARLES COUNTY. 485 

in the Mississippi Valley," says: " Here is presented an imposing view 
of the course of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, with their bluffs and 
towering cliffs, their ancient meandering banks, the Marais Croche Lake, 
the mouth of the Illinois River, and the vast prairie dotted here and 
there with farm houses." The county is intersected in the north-west by 
Big and Indian Camp Creeks, flowing into Cuivre River , Peruque Creek 
traverses the northern part, while the Dardenne, at an average distance of 
6 to 8 miles further south, meanders through the central part of the 
county. They are the only considerable streams emptying into the Mis- 
sissippi River. They traverse the county from west to east, and have 
numerous tributaries, which drain and water a large part of the county. 
The Femme Osage Creek rises on the border of Warren County, runs 
nearly east, and empties into the Missouri about two miles south of Ham- 
burg. Fine springs are found along the bluffs, while on the uplands wells 
and cisterns afford ample supplies of water. There is an abundance of 
timber consisting of hickory, also burr, white, black, red, pin and post 
oak, black and white walnut, common and sugar maple, red and white 
elm, Cottonwood, pecan, sycamore, hackberry, linn, mulberry, locust, ash, 
box-elder, black-jack, papaw, sassafras, birch, buckeye, coffee-bean and 
cedar. Except the bottom lands, the country is rolling, with such slopes 
as to recommend it for every variety of farming. The county possesses a 
very large proportion of rich land. The prairie below St. Charles is not 
surpassed in fertility by any land in the State. It is considerably above 
high water, and the soil for several feet is a very rich and dark loam, 
under which is a stratum of sand, and again below is dark clay, thus pre- 
senting a surface of the richest soil with underlying natural drainage. 

The Agricultural Productions are principally wheat, corn, oats, 
hay, barley, broom-corn, tobacco and hemp. Some of the lands have 
been in cultivation for over eighty years without the aid of fertilizers, and 
have produced successive crops of wheat and corn, without any rotation 
whatever for more than thirty years. The average yield of wheat is 20 
bushels per acre, and the annual crop for the county is estimated at 
1,500,000 bushels. Corn averages about 45 bushels per acre, and the 
annual yield is about 3,000,000 bushels. 

Hon. J. R. Dodge, Statistician of the United States Department of 
Agriculture, in his report of the agricultural productions for the year 
1871, estimates the amount of wheat produced in the State of Missouri at 
12,825,000 bushels, and the number of bushels of corn at 87,300,000 
bushels. It will therefore be seen that St. Charles County alone produces 
about one-eighth of the wheat grown in the 114 counties of the State, 
and about a twenty-eighth part of the corn, being largely over the aver- 
age annual production of corn for ten counties, which is less than 770,000 
bushels. 
The grasses are mostly depended upon for pasture, although clover 



486 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

does well, but blue grass is indigenous, and furnishes a green sward 
unsurpassed for winter pasture for both cattle and horses. 

St. Charles County is peculiarly adapted to the growth of all kinds of 
fruit known to this region. During late years much attention has been 
given to orchards, and fruit-growers have been well repaid for their 
investments, apples especially being fine. Peaches of large size and deli- 
cious flavor are produced in all parts of the county, but the crop is not so 
certain as that of apples. Pears, quinces, apricots, nectarines, plums and 
cherries are grown, but not in sufficient quantities to supply the markets. 
The red and yellow Chickasaw plum, and the German prune and damson 
yield abundant crops and seldom fail. Strawberries, blackberries, rasp- 
berries, gooseberries and currants are grown successfully. There are 400 
acres in vineyards, 200 Of which are in Femme Osage township, and near 
the town of Augusta ; the other 200 acres are distributed around St. 
Charles up to O' Fallon, Wentzville, New Melle, Hamburg, Cottleville, 
etc. Wine is made in considerable quantities and meets with ready sale, 
as do also grapes for table use. At this writing two-thirds of the 
vineyards consist of the Concord variety. 

Minerals. — Limestone for building purposes is abundant throughout 
the county. Lime for home use, and considerable quantities for export- 
ation, is burned at St. Charles City. Near that city and in some other 
portions of the county, sandstone easily quarried, has been found in large 
quantities and advantageously worked. Numerous beds of bituminous 
coal have been opened and worked to some extent, but no systematic 
mining has been done, further than for home consumption. Potters' 
clay of a good quality exists, and in former years a considerable quantity 
of good " Spanish Brown " was prepared from a deposit in this county. 

The Manufacturing Interests, already quite extensive, are being 
gradually increased, the principal being the flouring-mills, of which the 
five largest are at the county seat ; those through the county, 7 in num- 
ber, being, with two exceptions, for custom work. There are besides, 2 
woolen mills, 6 tobacco factories, 2 pork-packing establishments, a large 
furniture factory, i iron foundry, a cheese factory, a glucose factory — 
said to be the only one in the United States — a large number of wine 
cellars, numerous cooper shops, 12 custom saw mills, 12 Avagon manu- 
factories and a large number of smaller general industries. The building 
of railway cars at the county seat promises to become the leading man- 
ufacture of the county. 

Wealth.* — The advance of St. Charles County in wealth and popu- 
lation has been gradual and steady. In 1809, when St. Charles district 
embraced an indefinite extent of country between the two rivers, extend- 
ing as far as the population did, the valuation of taxable property was 

• Assessed valuation in 1873,^6,772,772. Taxation, $1.60 per ^100. Bonded debt, $40,000; of StJ 
Ckarles City, ^25,000. 



ST. CHARLES COUNTY. 487 

^23,890. In 1818, when the limits of the district were more circum- 
scribed but still extensive, the valuation of taxables (found by approxi- 
mation and calculation) was ^87,419; in 1836, $727,573; in 1840, 
$1,290,786; in 1851, $1,508,796; in 1856, $2,998,800; in 1868, 
$5,261,044; in 1869, 5,820,239; in 1870, $6,607,371; in 1871, 
$6,697,346; in 1872, $6,888,873. These figures represent the assessed 
value ; the true value is about 2^2 times greater. Valuation of the coun- 
ty per census of 1870, $15,650,000. 

Railroads. — The St. Louis, Kansas City and Northern Railway has 
47 miles of track traversing the county from east to west. The county 
subscribed $100,000 to the capital stock of this (then the North Missouri) 
railroad, which has been paid in cash. There are several routes pros- 
pected through the county ; among these the Mississippi Valley and West- 
ern R. R. , which traverses the river counties and will connect with the 
St. L., K, C. and N. R. W. at St. Peters ; and the Pike County Short 
Line, which will also make a connection with the same road farther west. 
These two lines are located and are in process of construction. There 
are also in the county over 200 miles of fine turnpike and county roads. 

The Educational Interests are in a very flourishing condition. 
In addition to the private and high schools spoken of in the different 
towns, there are 84 sub-districts, in nearly all of which are good school 
buildings, many being substantial and commodious brick structures, and 
generallywell furnished and fully attended. Children of school age, 7,367; 
income from the public school funds, $11,788.18. The city schools, in 
addition to the amount received from the State and county, derive a 
handsome income from the sale of town and common field lots, set apart 
for the use of schools, and from the rents of those remaining unsold. 

The Exports of the county are flour, wheat, corn, cattle, hogs, 
tobacco, apples, glucose and other manufactured articles. 

Augusta, (formerly Mount Pleasant,) on the Missouri River 36 miles 
above St. Charles, was laid out by Leonard Harrold, in 1836, since which 
time several additions have been made thereto. It contains 3 churches — • 
Lutheran, Catholic and Evangelical, 3 school-houses, 16 stores, i brew- 
ery, I pork-house, 5 wine cellars, 4 carpenter shops and i flouring-mill. 
About 75,000 bushels of grain are annually shipped to St. Louis from this 
place. 

Cappelen, a post-office 12 miles s. e. of Wentzville. 

Cottleville, 5 miles s. of St. Peters and 10 miles w. of St. Charles on 
the Boone's Lick road, was established by Lorenzo Cottle in 1839, and 
has a population of about 500. It contains 11 stores, 2 hotels, 2 carpen- 
ter shops, 2 public schools — i white and i colored, 2 churches — Evan- 
gelical and Methodist, and a Catholic church in course of construction, 

Dalhoff, a post-office 6 miles s. w. of O' Fallon. 

Dardenne — See St. Peters. 



488 CAMPBELrS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Elm Point, on the St. L., K. C. and N. R. W., is 3 miles n. w. of 
St. Charles. 

Femme Osage, a post-office 15 miles s. s. w. of Wentzville. 

Flint Hill, 4 miles n. of Wentzville, was established by Taliaferro P. 
Grantliam in 1S38, and has 2 schools, i store and i hotel. 

Foristell, (formerly Millville and Snow Hill,) on the St. L., K. C. 
& N. R. W., 26 miles w. of St. Charles, was laid out by J. A. Davis in 
1856, and contains a school, a wagon shop and 4 stores. Pop. about 30. 

Gilmore, a station on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 19 miles w. of 
St. Charles. 

Hamburg, a post office on the Missouri River, 15 miles s. of 
O'Fallon. 

Millville. — See Foristell. 

Mechanicsville, 12 miles s. of O'Fallon, on the Marthasville road, 
was laid out by Fortunatus Castlio, in 1865. It contains i store, 1 
wagon maker, and i public school. 

Missouriton, a post-office on the Missouri River, 20 miles s. w. of 
St. Charles. 

Mount Pleasant. — See Augusta. 

New Melle, was laid, out by Franz Henry Kemper in 1850, and is 
26 miles w. s. w. of St. Charles. It was settled by emigrants from Melle, 
Germany, and has 11 stores, 2 churches — Lutheran and Methodist, 3 school- 
houses — public, Lutheran and Methodist, 3 wagon, 2 carpenter and 2 
cooper shops, i hotel, i flouring and saw-mill combined, and i pork- 
house. The lands adjoining the town are of good quality. New Melle 
annually ships over 100,000 dozen eggs. 

O'Fallon, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 13 miles w. of St. Charles, 
was laid out by John C. Edwards, W. C. Williams, Appleton Bradley 
and Fred. Mathews, and an addition was made to it by Arnold Krekel. 
It contains 2 stores, 2 hotels, i broom factory, i church — Catholic; ij^ 
miles s. is a Methodist church, 5 miles s. w. is a new Presbyterian church, 
6 miles w., at Allen's Prairie, is a Catholic church, and about 2^ miles 
s. is Fairview Seminary, Population, about 150. 

Peruque, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R, W., is 16 miles w. of 
St. Charles. 

Portage des Sioux, on the Mississippi River, 12 miles n, n. e. of 
St. Charles, was established a'bout 20 years after the settlement of 
St. Charles. The population, about 340, — is principally of French 
descent. It has i Catholic church, i school, 7 stores, 4 grain dealers, who 
ship annually about 200,000 bushels of grain, 2 commission merchants, 
4 warehouses, i lumber yard, 2 broom factories, and i hotel. 

ST. CHARLES, the principal city and county seat, on the Mis- 
souri River, ao miles above its confluence with the Mississippi, and on 
the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 22 miles n. w. of St, Louis, has a high. 



ST. CHARLES COUNTY. 489 

commanding and healthy location, eligible for commercial or manufac- 
turing purposes. It is upon the first point of firm, elevated land above 
the mouth of the Missouri River, and has a beautiful rocky shore. It is 
now, and must continue to be, the principal crossing place of the Mis- 
souri River for all trade and travel passing between St. Louis and the 
northern and north-eastern parts of the State. The N. M. R. R. Co. 
built at this point the first railway bridge that ever spanned the Missouri 
River. It is of the most substantial and enduring character, and though 
having no draw, is so high that it does not interfere in the least with river 
navigation. Including approaches, it is 6,535 ^^^^ ^^ length. The city 
was first settled in 1762, as noted in the historical sketch given above, 
and was organized as a town Oct. 13th, 1809, and incorporated as a city 
in 1849. The population in 1850 was 1,498 J in i860, 3,239; in 1870, 
5,570, of whom 3,781 were native, and 1,789 foreign. 

The city contains 5 large merchant flouring-mills, having an aggregate 
capacity of 1,000 barrels every 24 hours. The brands from these mills 
stand among the best in the State. There are 2 woolen-mills, 2 tobacco 
factories, i pork-packing establishment, slaughtering about 4,000 hogs 
annually, i planing-mill, with furniture, sash, door and blind factory 
attached, i foundry and machine shop, 5 cooper shops, i buggy, i plow 
and 3 wagon manufactories, about 30 stores and 10 hotels. There is one 
establishment in St. Charles where silk-worms, cocoons and eggs have 
been successfully raised for the last 4 years, and the silk manufactured 
into gloves and stockings. The material is of such quality as to make 
the finest of silk fabrics. There are 3 banks — Union Savings Bank, cap- 
ital ;^ioo,ooo, Jos. H. Alexander, cashier; ist Nat. Bank, capital 
^100,000, Jno. E. Stonebraker, cashier; St. Charles Savings Bank, capital 
;^5o,ooo, Theo. Bruere, president; also, 5 newspapers — The Cosmos, 
McHenry & Davis, publishers; The News, F. C. King & Co., publishers; 
The Detnokrat (German), J. H. & W. A. Bode, publishers; The Zeitung 
(German), Zeitung Co., publishers; and Der Friedens Bote (German, 
religious), J. H. & W. A. Bode, publishers. The city has 13 churches — 
2 Catholic, 2 Presbyterian, i Evangelical German, i Evangelical Pro- 
testant (German), i German Evangelical Lutheran, 2 Baptist, 3 Meth- 
odist and I Episcopal. Total value of church buildings, grounds, par- 
sonages, cemeteries, etc., about ^250,000. The public schools are ample, 
well organized and graded., and, together with the high school connected 
with them, are an honor to the city. In addition to the public schools, 
St. Charles College, under the patronage of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, South, is now conducted as a high school. The convent of the 
Sacred Heart has charge of a female school in the city, and Lindenwood 
Female College occupies one of the many beautiful sites found in such 
abundance near St. Charles. Besides these, there are in the city 2 private 
female schools and 4 parochial or church schools. 



490 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 

. The St. Charles Manufacturing Company, organized in the early part 
of 1873, i^ "O^^ (1874) erecting several fine buildings for their car works. 
The Citizens' Association of St. Charles, a most commendable society, 
was organized Dec. 21st, 1872, its objects being to promote the general 
and local interests of the city. Board of Managers for 1873 — Wm. W. 
Edwards president, John E. Calhoun vice-president, Jos. H. Alexander 
secretary, Dr. J. H. Stumberg treasurer; directors — Henry B. Denker, 
Benj. Emmons, Theodore Bruere, Chas. F. Hafer, Henry Bloebaum. 

St. Peters, (Dardenne,) on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 8 miles, 
w. of St. Charles, contains i church, i public and i private school, 2 
mills, I cooper shop, i gunsmith and 2 wagon shops, i hotel and about 
a dozen stores. 

Schluersburg, a post-office 20 miles s. w. of St. Charles. 

Schmucker's Store, a post-office 3)'2 miles n. e. of Wentzville. 

Snow Hill. — See Foristell. 

W^ellsburgh, a post-office 4 miles n. w. of O' Fallon. 

Wentzville, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 21 miles w. of 
St. Charles, was laid out by Wm. M. Allen in 1855. Various property 
holders afterwards laid out additions to the town. It has 2 schools — one 
an academy under the superintendence of Professor Luckett, and the 
other a district school ; i Methodist church, i tobacco factory, 7 storeS;, 
2 hotels, I carpenter shop and i flouring-mill. 



ST. CLAIR COUNTY, 

In the western part of the State, is bounded north by Henry and Benton, 
east by Benton and Hickory, south by Polk and Cedar, and west by 
Cedar, Vernon and Bates Counties, and contains 447,040 acres. 

Population in 1850, 3,556; in i860, 6,812; in 1870*, 6,742, of whom 
6,590 were white and 152 colored ; 3,443 male, and 3,297 female ; 6,591 
native (3,082 born in Missouri,) and 151 foreign. 

History. — Of the first settlers but few remain ; Jacob Coonce now 
living on Brush Creek, who located there in 1835, and Irving Thomas, now 
living at the confluence of the Sac and Osage Rivers, who settled near his 
present residence in 1838, being among the number. The boundaries of 
this county were defined Jan. i6th, 1833, and it was named in honor of 
Gen. Arthur St. Clair, of Revolutionary fame. It was attached to Greene 
until 1835, when it was transferred to Rives. It was organized Jan, 29th, 
1 841, and in 1842 the court-house was built at Osceola. 

St. Clair County grew steadily until the war, when it was invaded by 
detached bodies of soldiers. Citizens were dragged from their homes at 
night and murdered, their houses burned and their families left destitute 
and terror-stricken. On Septem.ber 2d, 1861, Osceola, then a consider- 
able town, having a large trade with Arkansas and the Indian Territory, 
was entered by Gen. Jim Lane's command of about 1,500 men, and its 
court-house and all the other buildings, except ten houses, were plundered 
and burned. A long line of wagons bore away the booty. 

Physical Features. — The surface in the eastern part of the county 
is hilly, with frequent bluffs ; in the western part it is gently undulating, 
and diversified with timber. The Osage River enters the western part 
and leaves at the north-east corner, flowing through a fertile valley. The 
Sac River, a beautiful stream, enters near the center of the southern 
boundary, and flows north-easterly emptying into the Osage, near the 
center of the county. The chief tributaries of the Osage on the south are 
Weaubleau and Bear ; on the north Galinipper, Muddy, Salt and Mone- 
gaw Creeks. The afiluents of the Sac on the east are Brush and Coon 
Creeks. Fine water power is furnished by Sac River, Weaubleau and 
Brush Creeks, 

The soil is generally good, and well adapted to all farming and stock- 
growing purposes. The county is well supplied with timber consisting of 
white and black oak, black walnut, hickory, maple, ash, elm, cedar, hack- 

* It is claimed that the census of 1870 was not correctly taken in this county, and that now ('S74) it 
has a population of over 13,000, as there are more than 2,700 voters. 



492 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 

berry, linn, cherry and mulberry, and although this has been unsparingly 
used since the first settlement of the county, it is now more abundant 
than it was 30 years ago. 

There are several sulphur springs in various sections, valued for their 
medicinal properties, the best known of these being Monegaw, where 
there is a large hotel for the accommodation of invalids, and being sur- 
rounded by a picturesque country, with good fishing grounds in the 
vicinity, it is fast becoming a favorite summer resort for pleasure seekers. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, 
timothy and potatoes. Tobacco, cotton, hemp, flax, broom-corn and 
sorghum grow finely, but are only raised for home consumption. 

The prairie grass forms the principal pasture, although timothy and 
blue grass grow readily, the latter frequently springing up spontaneously 
around the old farm sites. 

Stock-raising is an important interest, and increased attention is being 
given to improved breeds. Fruit-culture is receiving some attention, and 
peaches, apples and some of the small fruits succeed well. 

Mineral Resources. — Coal of excellent quality is found in great 
abundance in several localities. Lead and iron ores exist in considerable 
quantities. An inexhaustible supply of cement rock is also found. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of 7 flouring and several 
saw-mills, i carding machine and various minor industries. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^4,000.000.* 

Railroads. — The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad passes through 
the north-western corner, having about 7 miles of track in the county, 
and the Kansas City, Memphis and Mobile Railway is now graded from 
Kansas City to Osceola. 

The Exports are wheat, corn and stock. 

The Educational Interests are attracting considerable attention. 
Some good school-houses have been erected, but there is still a need of 
substantial buildings. 

Appleton City, on theM. K. & T. R. R. 59 miles s. w. of Sedalia, 
being the only railroad station in the county, is an important shipping 
point and a thriving place. It has 800 inhabitants, mainly eastern and 
northern people, and is the center of a fine agricultural region. It has 
also a fine brick school-house which cost $12,000, and a large flouring-mill 
worth $35,000. 

Baker, a post-ofiice 12 miles n. e. of Osceola, is in a good farming 
coun try. 

Collins, a post-office 13 miles s. e. of Osceola. 

Chalk Level, a post-office 8 miles n. w. of Osceola. 

Doyleston, a post-office 7 miles s. e. of Osceola. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $2,781,315. Taxation, $1.00 per $100. Bonded debt, $250,000. Float* 
ing debt^ |i2,ooo. 



ST. CLAIR COUNTY. 



493 



Ho'ward's Mill, a post-office on Sac River, 12 miles s. of Osceola. 

Iconium, a post-office 10 miles n. e. of Osceola. 

Johnson City, (Monegaw,) a post-office 16 miles n. w. of Osceola. 

Lowry City, is a thriving village 8 miles n. of Osceola, having about 
200 inhabitants. 

Monegaw. — See Johnson City. 

OSCEOLA, the county seat, 18 miles s. of Appleton City, is situated 
on the Osage River at the head of navigation, and on the line of the K. C. 
M. & M. R. R. which is graded between this point and Clinton, Henry 
County. It was settled in 1839 by P. Crow, R. P. Crutchfield and Dr. 
P. M. Cox; it was almost entirely destroyed during the war, but has since 
grown rapidly. It has 3 churches — Presbyterian, Methodist and Baptist, 
4 schools, 2 newspapers — The Herald, published by W. L. Graham & 
Bro., and The Detnocrat, published by A. C. Appier & Co., 2 hotels, about 
12 stores, I brick yard, i saw and 2 grist-mills. Population, about 1,000. 

Park's Grove, a post-office 12 miles n. of Osceola. 

Roscoe, a town 8 miles s. w. of Osceola, has about 300 inhabitants. 

Taberville, is a flourishing town 16 miles s. w. of Osceola, and has a 
good school-house, an excellent flouring mill, 3 business houses and a 
large local trade. Population, about 300. 



ST. FRANCOIS COUNTY, 

In the south-eastern portion of the State, is bounded on the north by Jef- 
ferson and Ste. Genevieve Counties, east by Jefferson, Ste. Genevieve 
and Perry, south by Perry, Madison and Iron, and west by Iron and 
Washington Counties, and contains 280,091 acres. 

Population in 1830, 2,366; in 1840, 3,211; in 1850, 5,313; in 
i860, 7,249; in 1870, 9,742, of whom 9, 224 were white and 518 colored; 
5,199 male and 4,543 female ; 8,453 native (6,127 born in Missouri) and 
1,289 foreign. 

History. — The first settlement made in St. Franq:ois County was on 
Big River, near the place now known as Big River Mills, by John Alley, 
Andrew Baker, Francis Stamater, John Andrews and their families ; also 
three or four young men. They each located claims in 1794, but did not 
bring their families until 1796. Andrew Baker was the only one who 
had a house ; the rest lived in camps. 

A memorable circumstance occurred about the ist of March, 1797. 
Henry Fry and Rebecca Baker having concluded to be married, started, 
in company with Catharine Miller, Mary and Abraham Baker (two sisters 
and the brother of the intended bride,) and Wm. Patterson, for Ste. Gen- 
evieve, the nearest point where any one authorized to perform the service 
could be found. When they were 8 or 10 miles from home near the 
crossing of the Terre Bleu, they were met by the Indians and all, save 
Rebecca and Abraham Baker, were stripped of their clothing and left to 
find their way home in this plight ; the wagon loaded with venison, 
intended for the wedding feast, was also robbed. This unfortunate 
adventure caused the postponement of the marriage for one year. 

Rev. Wm. Murphy, a Baptist minister, a native of Ireland and a resi- 
dent of East Tennessee, procured a land grant, and he and his son Wm. 
Murphy, and Silas George, in 1798 located claims just south of the pres- 
ent site of Farmington. Soon after they started homeward for their 
families, but Rev. Wm. Murphy and Silas George died on the journey. 
In the year 1801 David Murphy, a son of Rev. Wm. Murphy, cut the first 
tree that was felled in what was long known as Murphy Settlement. The 
next year Joseph, William and Richard, brothers of David Murphy, 
arrived and began permanent settlements on grants made by the 
Spanish Government. About the year i8oo, Nathaniel Cook located a 
claim in what is still known as Cook's Settlement, in the south-eastern 
part of the county, now one of the most intelligent and wealthy por- 
tions of St. Francois. Soon after in the same vicinity James Caldwell, 



49^ CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS OUR L 

Wm. Holmes, Jesse Blackwell, Elliott Jackson and James Davis located 
claims and made improvements. In 1803 Sarah Murphy, the widow of 
Rev. Wm. Murphy, determined to settle on the claim located by her 
• husband in 1798, and in company with her sons, Isaac and Jesse, and a 
grand-son, Wm. Evans, a hired hand, a negro woman and an infant 
child, left her home in East Tennessee, and after a journey full of hard- 
ship and peril, on the loth of January arrived at the house of her son 
Richard. About the same year Michael Hart and his son Charles settled 
in the same vicinity. Three years after Mrs. Sarah Murphy settled 
in the county, she organized a Sunday-school near the present site 
of Farmington, and conducted it successfully for many years. From 
1805 to 1810 settlements were made on Doe Run Creek, Flat River and 
at various points on the St. Francis River by Squire Eleazer Clay, John 
Robinson, Isaac and John Burnham, Lemuel Halstead, Samuel Rhodes, 
Solomon Jones and Mark Dent, many of whose descendants still reside in 
the county. Dec. 19th, 1821, the county was organized from parts of 
Ste. Genevieve, Washington and Jefferson. James Austin, Geo. McGa- 
han and James W. Smith were appointed by the Governor as a county 
court, and their first meeting, Feb. 25th, 1822, was at the house of Jesse 
Murphy, when they appointed John D. Peers county clerk. The first 
circuit court was held at the same place, April ist, 1822, Hon. N. B. 
Tucker judge, and John D. Peers clerk. Henry Poston, John Andrews, 
Wm. Alexander and James Holbert were appointed commissioners to 
locate the county seat, and D. Murphy, Sept. 2 2d, 1822, donated 53 
acres of land for that purpose which the county court accepted Feb. 27th, 
1823. In 1824 a stray-pen and a log jail, made double, and a brick court- 
house were built. At various times churches and school-houses were built 
in convenient localities ; new settlers joined the pioneers, and peace and 
prosperity reigned. 

About 1845, t^^ manufacture of pig-iron was begun at Iron Mountain 
and Pilot Knob, and the hauling of the iron to Ste. Genevieve, the 
nearest landing on the Mississippi, gave remunerative employment to a 
great number of teams, and the colliers, smelters and others furnished a 
home market for the surplus farm products. In 1851, the old log jail 
was set on fire by an inmate, who came near perishing in the flames. It 
was soon replaced by a substantial stone building. In 1850, the old 
court-house was removed, and a larger and more commodious one erected 
in its stead. In 185 1-2, a plank road was built from Iron Mountain to 
Ste. Genevieve via Farmington, which gave a new impetus to trade. In 
1854, Prewitt and Patterson erected some bloom furnaces 3 miles east of 
Farmington, on the plank road, where it crossed Wolf Creek, which 
gave employment to a great number of men and teams. The ore was 
hauled from Iron Mountain, and the iron to Ste. Genevieve for shipment. 
In 1858, this furnace, known as Valley Forge, became the property of 



ST. FRANCOIS COUNTY. 497 

Chouteau, Harrison and Vall6, Charles A. Pilley, superintendent, and was 
profitably worked until 1863, when the machinery was removed and the 
buildings and lands sold. At the beginning of the late Civil War, this 
county, like most others in the State, was divided politically, and many 
took refuge from the enrollment act in the ranks under M. Jeff. Thompson, 
whose force at one time destroyed the Iron Mountain bridge over Big 
River. It was in this county that the noted guerrilla, Sam. Hilderbrand, 
began his operations, and he and other unprincipled men took advantage 
of the times to settle feuds existing before the war, killing and plunder- 
ing peaceable citizens. Among the number inhumanly murdered 
were such men as Judge Charles Burkes, Joseph Herod and Thos. 
Haile, Sr. 

Physical Features. — The general surface of the country is hilly or 
undulating, but the extreme south and north-eastern corners are table lands 
excellently adapted to fruit-culture and grazing purposes. The country about 
Farmington, and for several miles on either side of the St. Francis River, 
is excellent land, well timbered and sufficiently undulating to render 
drainage unnecessary. It is well supplied with water from never-failing 
springs, and drained by Blackwell and Rock Creeks, St. Francis River, 
Wolf and Back Creeks. Stono Mountain, embraced in this section, is 
said to afford excellent sheep pasturage. The south-western portion of 
the county, drained by Indian Creek, is exceedingly hilly. The central 
and northern section is drained by Big River and its tributaries. Flat 
River, Davis Creek, Big Branch, Terre Bleu and Three Rivers. The 
valleys of these streams are excellently adapted to agricultural purposes, 
the cereals all doing well, while the neighboring mines furnish a ready 
market for farm products. On several of the streams mentioned, there 
are good mills, and many more excellent sites having sufficient water 
power to run a mill the entire year. The uplands are well timbered, 
yielding from 40 to 100 cords of wood to the acre. The timber consists 
of white, red and black oak, ash, cherry, walnut, hickory, maple, gum, 
papaw and dogwood, with beach, sycamore and butternut on the bot- 
toms. Cedar and pine are found in a few localities on the uplands. The 
soil is generally a black loam. In the vicinity of Farmington, after pass- 
ing through the first or top soil, there is a rich • red-clay subsoil. If 
these lands have a specialty, it is for grass ; all kinds of grass grow luxu- 
riantly, producing from 2 to 2^ tons per acre, which readily markets at 
from $12 to ^20 per ton. Blue grass, it is said by farmers from the blue 
grass region of Kentucky, does nearly as well here as there, and as an 
evidence, it is found growing spontaneously in the woods, lawns, old 
fields and meadows. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, fruits, etc. 
The soil and climate are well adapted to orchards and vineyards, and if 
properly used for these purposes, the now vacant so-called "flint ridges" 



49S CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

may prove more valuable and return a greater profit upon the money and 
labor expended than the best farms in the county. 

Mineral Resources. — This county contains iron, lead and granite 
in large quantities, considerable zinc and nickel, with traces of copper and 
cobalt. The largest part of that celebrated formation known as Iron 
Mountain is within its limits, near the town to which it has given its 
name. This mountain, one of the largest and richest iron deposits in the 
world, is 228 feet in height, and covers an area of 500 acres, which gives, 
according to Dr. A. Litton, 1,655,280,000 cubic feet, or 230,187,375 tons 
of iron ore. Dr. Adolph Schmidt, in the State Geological Report of 
1872, gives the following more detailed description of this formation : 
"The whole surface of Iron Mountain itself is covered with surface ore, 
which also extends over the south-western knob called Little Iron Moun- 
tain, and reaches into the valley south and west, and across the valley 
north-west of the mountain, over a part of the slope of the opposite hill. 
This surface ore * * * * occurs in more or less rounded boulders 
and pieces of very variable sizes, from a diameter of several feet, down to 
a pretty fine sand, all irregularly mixed with each other, as well as with a 
fine clayish or sandy detritus of a yellow or red color and with single 
boulders of half decomposed porphyry. * * * * The surface ore gene- 
rally lies directly under a few inches of soil, and varies from one to five 
feet in thickness, which is, however, considerably exceeded in some places 
where it attains a thickness of 40 feet and over. * * * * The whole 
immense clayish mass of decomposed porphyry or ' bluff' forming certainly 
the upper part, if not the whole of the Iron Mountain, is cut in two nearly 
equal parts by an enormous vein of specular ore, from 40 to 60 feet thick 
striking n. 53° e. Whether the main portion of this vein is in a vertical 
or somewhat inclined position, cannot now be ascertained. * * * * 
This large and principal vein is called the back-bone of the Iron Moun- 
tain. The 'bluff' contains, however, besides the back-bone vein, nume- 
rous other veins of various and very irregular thicknesses, from less than 
y^ inch up to 6 and in places 10 feet. These smaller veins cross the 
* bluff' in various directions not subject to any definite rule." 

The mountain yields on an average 100 car loads of ore of 10 tons each 
or 1,000 tons daily. This ore is shipped to St. Louis by rail, and a por- 
tion of it sold there, but by far the greater part is reshipped and sent by 
barge to Pittsburg and other points on the Ohio River. To mine and 
ship this enormous quantity of ore gives employment to a force of from 
1,000 to 1,200 laborers at the mountain. 

The principal lead mines of the county are as follows : Mine a Ger-. 
boree, conceded to Pierre de Luzierre, April, 1795, now worked for sur-r 
face mineral. Shaw Mines are on an old Spanish land grant to Sebastian 
Butcher. At a depth of 234 feet fine disseminated lead of a very rich 
quality is found in one place 1 2 feet thick. About six miles north of De 



ST. FRANCOIS COUNTY. 499 

Lassus, are diggings which have been worked extensively for 50 years, and 
rich deposits have recently been discovered in them. Just north of Hazel 
Run post-office, is the Isaac Jackson grant, upon which lead was mined 
from 1810 to 1820, at which time this was one of the busiest parts of the 
•county, but since then, on account of litigation, all work here has 
been stopped. 

The celebrated shaft, Vaile Mines, near the Jefferson County line, which 
has yielded about 3,000,000 lbs. of lead annually for about 2,2> years, is 
now yielding large quantities of zinc besides lead, was discovered in 1824 
•or 1825, about 10 years after Valle's first discovery, one mile further north. 
About 1835, John Perry, on the same section, discovered and worked for 
many years what is now known as Perry' s Mines which yielded more than 
the Vall6 mines, and are now under the control of the Valle Mining Co. 
About the same time Chadburn Mines (formerly BiscK) were discovered 
near the Perry Mines, and have been successfully worked ever since. St. 
Joe Mines are 3 miles north-west of Big River Mills, and 10 miles south- 
east of Cadet. The works here are among the best in the State, and con- 
sist of I refining and 4 reverberatory furnaces, which annually smelt over 
1,500,000 lbs. of lead. Doggett Mines (formerly Mine a la Platte^ are in 
the northern part of the county, and were conceded to De Lassus in Oct. 
1799, in a grant containing 2,500 arpents. Bogy Mines, 7 miles north- 
west of Farmington, conceded as ^^ Mine a Joe,'' to R. Easton and J. 
Bruff, July 17th, 1790, are now operated by a company of which Hon. 
Lewis V. Bogy is president. Ore is found at a depth of about 212 feet. 
Lead has been found in every township in the county. In the south- 
western part of the county is a quarry of red and gray granite that is of 
very superior quality. Some of the gray has stood a test pressure of 
18,444 lbs. to the square inch. 

Manufacturing Interests. — Besides the furnaces mentioned above, 
there is the usual complement of saw and grist-mills, wagon shops, etc. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $12,550,000.* 

Railroads. — The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern R. R. and the 
Belmont Division of the same road, form a junction at Bismarck, the former 
having 9^ and the latter 28^ miles of track in the county. 

The Exports are iron, lead, granite and lumber. 

The Educational Interests are receiving increased attention, and 
public schools are being established generally throughout the county. 

Big River Mills, noted as being the first place settled in the county, 
situated 16 miles s. e. of Cadet, and 2^ miles from the St. Joe Mines, 
has I grist-mill and 3 stores. 

Bismarck, at the junction of the St. L. & I. M. R. W. with the 
Belmont Division, 75 miles from St. Louis and 6 miles n. of Iron Moun- 

* Assessed vaJuation in 1873, gz, 428,908. Taxation, $1.00 per $100. The county is out of debt. 



500 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 

tain, was laid out in 1868, and contains 2 hotels, 3 stores, a wagon shop, 
round-house and school-house. Population, about 250. 

Blackwell Station, in the extreme northern part of the county, situ- 
ated on the west bank of Big River and on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 51 
miles from St. Louis, has i store and i hotel, and is surrounded by fine 
farming lands. 

Bontear, a post-office 1 1 miles s. e. of Cadet. 

DeLassus, 87 miles from St. Louis on the St. L., L M. & S. R. W. 
and 2^ miles w. from Farmington, was laid out in 1868 and has i large 
hotel, 2 stores and a good school-house. Population, about 50. 

Dent's Station, on the St. L., L M. & S. R. R., 2 miles south of 
Bismarck, has i store and i mill. 

FARMINGTON, the county seat, 2^ miles e. of DeLassus, 5 
miles from Mhie La Motte, one of the finest lead mines in the State, and 
6 miles from Saline Valley Mines in Ste. Genevieve County, is in the 
center of a very fine and productive valley that here finds a market at 
prices equal to those in St. Louis. It was laid out Nov. 4th, 1856, and 
contains about 700 inhabitants. It has 5 churches — Presbyterian, Cath- 
olic, M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South and M. E. Ch. colored, 2 public 
schools, one of which is for colored children, 3 hotels, 20 stores, i cabi- 
net, 4 wagon, I gunsmith and 2 saddle and harness shops, 2 livery stables, 
I brewery, i steam saw-mill, i steam merchant flouring-mill, a carding 
machine, 2 newspapers — The Era, published by Wash Hughes, and The 
Times, published by Ware & Rodehaver. One-half mile west of the 
town are located the St. Francois County Agricultural and Mechanical Fair 
Grounds, consisting of 20 acres of well improved and carefully arranged 
grounds worth $1,000. 

Flat River, 5 miles n. e. of Bismarck and in the vicinity of Bogy, 
Shaw v5^ Taylor Mines, contains i store. 

French Village, 17 miles e. of Cadet on Goose Creek, was laid out 
by the French in 1825, and has 2 stores, i school-house and i church — 
Catholic. 

Hazel Run, 1 1 miles e. s. e. of Cadet at the junction of Hazel Run 
with Terre Bleu, has i store and i mill. 

Iron Mountain, 6 miles south of Bismarck and 81 south of St. 
Louis, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., at the foot of the mountain 
of this name, (described under physical features) contains 2 large furna- 
ces, I flouring-mill, i store, (belonging to the company) i carpenter's 
shop and 3 churches — Calholic, Lutheran and M. E. Church, 3 schools — 
I public and 2 private, with a daily attendance of 210 pupils. A very 
commodious first-class hotel has been erected here by the company, and 
adds much to the appearance of the town. The buildings are generally 
neat frames erected by the company. Population about 2,500. 

Knob Lick derives its name from a Buffalo Lick at the foot of a 



ST. FRANCOIS COUNTY. 501 

mountain i mile from the town. It is on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. R., 19 
miles s. e. of Bismarck, was laid out in 1868, contains i store and is a 
shipping point for granite. 

Libertyville, 5 miles n. e. of Knob Lick, is surrounded by some of 
the finest farms in the county. It contains i brick church, i brick 
school-house, 3 stores, 2 wagon shops and i steam merchant flouring- 
mill. 

Loughboro, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. R., 7 miles e. of Bismarck, 
has I steam grist-mill and i store, and is surrounded by excellent creek 
bottom farms. 

Middle Brook, on the Iron County Line and on the Arkansas Branch 
of the St. L., I. M. & S. R. R., 84 miles from St. Louis, has a population of 
about 200. It is near the famous granite quarry for whch it is the usual 
shipping point. 

Stono, a post-office 6 miles s. w. of DeLassus. 

Wolf Creek is on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. R., 15 miles s. e. of 
Bismarck. 



STE. GENEVIEVE COUNTY, 

In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Jefferson County, 
north-east by the Mississippi River, which separates it from the State of 
Illinois, south-east by Perry and south-west and west by St. Francois 
County, and contains 316,711 acres. 

Population in 1810, 4,620; in 1820, 4*962; in 1830, 2,186; in 
1840, 3,168; in 1850, 4,964; in i860, 8,029; in 1870,8,384, of whom, 
7,953 were white, and 431 colored; 4*257 male, and 4,127 female; 
7,208 native (6,129 born in Missouri) and 1,176 foreign. 

History. — About 1720, Renault, son of a celebrated iron founder of 
France, established himself at Fort Chartres, on the opposite side of the 
Mississippi, about 10 miles above the present site of Ste. Genevieve, and 
sent out mining parties through what is now Missouri, in search of 
the precious metals. What is now Ste. Genevieve County was traversed 
by these adventurous Frenchmen, and Beck, in his Gazetteer published 
in 1821, says, "A proof of the diligence with which Renault prosecuted 
his object is furnished by the number and extent of the old diggings, 
which are scattered over the whole mining district, and hardly a season 
passes without the finding of some ancient works overgrown with moss." 
Failing to find the gold and silver he sought, he turned his attention to 
the smelting of lead, which was conveyed on pack horses from the 
interior to Fort Chartres, and thence to France via New Orleans. 

These mining operations were carried on for many years before any 
settlements were made on the west side of the river. Tradition places 
the first settlement of Ste. Genevieve in 1735 ; a house was sold there in 
1754, and new life was given it in 1763, when a number of French from 
Kaskaskia and St. Philip settled there, and a few miles below at New 
Bourbon, now scarcely remembered by the oldest inhabitant. 

An incident is narrated as occurring in 1780 worthy of mention. Dur- 
ing that year, which is known as 'Tannee du coup" (the year of the attack) 
the English and several tribes of Indians threatened an attack upon the 
town of St. Louis. Sylvis Frangois Cartabona, a governmental officer, was 
ordered to Ste. Genevieve, and there he raised a company of 60 militia men, 
who went up to St. Louis in a keel-boat, where they rendered material 
assistance by their presence, and especially by the decision and bravery of 
their commander. Captain Charles Valle. Notwithstanding the incom- 
petent and probably treacherous Lieut. Governor of St. Louis, Don 
Ferdinand Leyba, had neglected to furnish Capt. Vallfe's men with am- 
munition, he secretly supplied himself with that article, and when at last 



504 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

the Lieut. Governor ordered the Ste. Genevieve men to spike their guns 
and retreat up into the garret, Valle bravely refused to obey orders, 
replying, " My post is near my cannon and not in the garret, and if the 
enemy comes I shall be ready to defend myself." After the danger of 
further attack on St. Louis had passed, the Ste. Genevieve company 
returned to their homes. 

Among those who settled in Ste. Genevieve prior to 1 785 were Joseph 
Loiselle, Jean-Bapt. Maurice, Francois Coleman, Pere Menard, Jacques 
Boyer and Julien Choquet. 

In consequence of the overflow of the Mississippi River in 1785, 
memorable as " V annee des grandes eaux" (the year of the great waters), 
a portion of the inhabitants of Kaskaskia, Illinois, emigrated to Ste. 
Genevieve. Among those who came about this time were Jean-Bapt. 
St. Geminiem P. Beauvais, Vital Beauvais, Jean-Bapt. Vall^ Sen., Henri 
Maurice, Parfait Dufour, Joseph Bequette, Jean-Bapt. Thomure, Joseph 
Govreau, Sen., Jean B. Janis, Francis Janis and Francois Vall6, com- 
mandant of the post of Ste. Genevieve from 1788 to 1803. These per- 
sons possessed strong constitutions, simplicity of manners, honesty of 
purpose and fondness for innocent amusements. Their clothing was 
remarkably plain, they wore heavy striped gingham pants, without the 
support of suspenders, but clasped around the waist, without vest, a blue 
or colored shirt, a white Mackinaw blanket coat, with a capuchon, 
moccasin shoes, and a blue cotton handkerchief around the head. The 
apparel of the early female inhabitants was also very simple, they wore 
cotton and calico dresses, and the waist was fastened by calico strings, 
their shoulders ornamented with a mantle, their'necks decked with a rich 
madras handkerchief, and their feet clad with moccasin shoes ] their heads 
were encircled with a blue or colored cotton handkerchief. The popula- 
tion, however, increased but slowly until 1787, when Congress passed an 
act prohibiting slavery in what was known as the North-western Territory, 
and the slave-holders, to preserve this kind of property, removed west of 
the Mississippi ; many of them settled in Ste. Genevieve, others in the 
interior. Among those who settled in Ste, Genevieve subsequent to the 
persons mentioned above, were the following : Bernard Pratte (grand- 
father of General Bernard Pratte, formerly mayor of St. Louis), Bolduc, 
Roussin, Lalumandiere, Deguire, Larose, Boyer, Courtois, Jean B. Moreau, 
L^clerc, Grifford, Duclos, Bequette, all of whom came from Canada. 
Also John Ribault, Lemeilleur, De Pestre and Jacques Guibourd, who 
came from San Domingo, having been driven away from there by an 
insurrection of the negroes. After these came Ferdinand Rozier, Van 
Prather, Charles Gregoire, Joseph Hertich, Kyle, Albert Bish and 
Joseph Bogy (father of Hon. Lewis V. Bogy, U. S. Senator from Mis- 
souri). The next settlers were from the eastern or southern States, 
mainly from Kentucky, and among them were Wm. Shannon, Thomas 



STE, GENEVIEVE COUNTY. 505 

Oliver, Dr. Hervey Lane, from Virginia, John Scott, who was the first 
member of Congress from Missouri and in whose honor Scott County was 
named; Dr. Elliott, General Henry Dodge, who became U. S. Senator 
from and Governor of Wisconsin, and his son, Genl. Augustus C. Dodge, 
who became U. S. Senator from Iowa, and afterwards U. S. Minister to 
Spain ; John Rice Jones, who became U. S. Senator from Iowa, at the same 
time with Dodge, in 1845; ^r. Lewis F. Linn, formerly U. S. Senator 
from Missouri ; and General George W. Jones, late U. S. Minister to 
Bogota. From Tennessee, about 1800, came Col. Robert T. Brown, 
Col. John Smith, "T," the noted duelist, and Thomas Madden; and 
Capt. George Bullitt from Kentucky, Capt. Walter Wilkinson from 
Maryland, and Capt. William Cousins from Ireland. At this time Ste. 
Genevieve was the most important town in the Mississippi Valley, and 
monopolized the entire lead trade of this region. Pierre Menard went 
into business with Jean-Bapt. Valle in 181 1, closed in 1841, and earned 
over $700,000 in trade, mainly with the Indians. The county was 
reduced to its present limits in 1820. 

Physical Features. — This county has 25 miles fronting on the 
Mississippi River, the main thoroughfare for transportation, and is well 
watered in the southern part by Saline Creek and its tributaries, chief 
of which are North Fork of Saline and Little Saline ; in the central part 
by River Aux Vases and its tributaries, and the North Fork and South 
Fork of Gabouri and Fourche a Polite ; in the north by Establishment, 
Fourche a Duclos and Isle du Bois, the latter forming part of the north- 
ern boundary. In the extreme west Terre Bleu takes its rise, and flows 
in a westerly direction to Big River ; all the other streams empty into 
the Mississippi. 

There is considerable diversity of surface, but the country may be gen- 
erally described as hilly, the hills in many instances rising 500 feet above 
the Mississippi, and from 50 to 300 feet above the adjacent streams. 
The country bordering the head waters of the Aux Vases, also that along 
the Mississippi, Saline and Establishment is remarkably rough and 
broken. The soil on the uplands is generally good, but in some districts 
so thin and light as to be unfit for cultivation. The bottoms are exceed- 
ingly rich and well adapted to the growth of all the staples of the country. 

Timber is abundant, and, about the head waters of the Aux Vases, 
Establishment and Terre Bleu, consists of excellent pine, but the prevail- 
ing growth over the larger part of the county is black and post oak, 
black-jack and black hickory. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, the grasses and 
fruit, especially grapes. 

The Mineral Resources are varied, and although so long known 
are but little developed. They consist of lead, iron, copper, granite, 
brown sandstone and salt. 



5o6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS QUEL 

The Manufactures consist of 5 large steam flouring-mills, 3 vvaterr 
mills, 5 saw-mills, i stave factory, and i valuable brown sandstone quarry, 
(shipping large quantities of building stone and grindstone,) located 
within a short distance of the Mississippi River, with which it is con- 
nected by an iron track. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $4,550,000.* 

The Exports are flour, wheat, fruit, wine, building stone, lead and 
white sand. * 

Railroads. — The Chester & Iron Mountain R. R., in process of 
construction, will pass through the county. The great river route from 
St. Louis now being agitated, will, of course, pass through Ste. Gene- 
vieve County. 

Educational Interests. — The tide has not yet set in favor of 
public schools, the parochial schools being preferred by the people. 
Since the war some few public schools have been established, but the 
school session only lasts three or four months of the year. The Sisters 
of the Convent at Ste. Genevieve receive pupils, and also have charge of 
the parish school. A fine college building has been erected at Ste. 
Genevieve by the Catholics, and is under the charge of the Bishop of 
St. Louis. 

Avon, 20 miles s. s. w. of Ste. Genevieve, is interesting from being the 
only point where lead is being mined. Furnaces are already built, and 
there is every indication that the mining will be successful. 

Bloomsdale, on Establishment Creek, 10 miles n. of Ste. Genevieve, 
contains i wagon-shop, i store and i church (Catholic.) 

Chestnut Ridge, a p. o. 20 miles s. w. of Ste. Genevieve. 

Grant's Hill, a p. o. 20 miles w. s. w. of Ste. Genevieve. 

New Offenburgh, 8 miles w. s. w. of Ste. Genevieve, settled by a 
colony from Baden, is a thriving settlement, surrounded by a beautiful 
country and fine vineyards. It has 2 stores and i Catholic church. 

Punjaub, 12 miles w. of Ste. Genevieve, is the center of a fine farm- 
ing country, and has i store and i good steam flouring-mill. 

Quarrytown, is on the Mississippi River, 5 m. below Ste. Genevieve. 

River Aux Vases, a p. o. 10 miles s. s. w. of Ste. Genevieve. 

St. Mary's, on the proposed C. & I. M. R. R., 9 miles below Ste. 
Genevieve, has a very pleasant location, commanding a fine view of the 
Mississippi River. It is in the extreme south-eastern corner of the county, 
a small part of the town being in Perry County. This is the usual 
landing for Perryville, and is an important business point. It contains 
6 stores, 2 hotels, 2 churches, i of which is Catholic, i public school, 
I large steam flouring-mill — cost about $20,000, and i stave factory. 
Population, about 450. 

* Assessed valuation for 1875, ^2,154,582. Taxation, $1.49 per $100. The county has no debt. 



STE. GENEVIEVE COUNTY.- 507 

STE. GENEVIEVE, the county seat, situated on the Mississippi 
River, 60 miles below St. Louis and 148 miles above Cairo, is the 
oldest town in the State. It was originally built directly on the bank of 
the river, but the great flood of 1785, referred to above, caused the inhab- 
itants to choose a higher situation. 

One of the wonderful changes of the Mississippi has occurred at this 
point, the main channel of the river having turned eastward, and an 
island formed between the town and river. A landing has been made a 
short distance above', at the mouth of Gabouri Creek, and also one below 
the town, the latter only used in times of extreme low water. 

The town was laid out in the same manner as the other French villages 
of the State (See St. Charles Co., p. 481), and in 1810 had 20 large 
stores, and was the point where St. Louis purchased supplies. It then 
required 4 months to go to Philadelphia and return, bringing goods via 
Pittsburgh and the Ohio River. Ste. Genevieve was thus described in 1821. 
''The houses are generally one story high; frame or log, but all white- 
washed, which gives the town quite a lively appearance. Many of the 
new houses, however, are built of brick and are large and commodious. 
It has a chapel, a court-house and jail." Since then, many modern and 
substantial buildings have been erected, but on the whole, the town has 
changed less in its general characteristics, than any other in the State. 
French, English and German are spoken inter-changeably. Interspersed 
with the modern houses, are many which were built at an early day, 
looking strangely quaint and old. They are like a leaf from a past age 
bound in a volume of the new, and they serve to keep in remembrance 
those brave Frenchmen who navigated unknown rivers to penetrate new 
regions in search of the treasure France needed, or their compatriots, who, 
with a devotion not excelled in song or story, carried through a great 
portion of the immense territories of Illinois and Louisiana the teachings 
of the Christian faith. 

Many of the descendants of the pioneers of Ste. Genevieve are men 
of much wealth, and have held positions of honor and trust. 

On the 2ist of June, I808, "Ste. Genevieve Academy, in. the district 
of Ste. Genevieve," was incorporated, and James Maxwell, Jean-Baptiste 
Valle, Jacques Guibourd, St. James Beauvais, Francois Janis, Jean-Baptiste 
Pratte, Joseph Pratte, Walker Fenwick, Andrew Henry, Timothy Phelps, 
Aaron Elliott, Nathanael Pope, Joseph Spencer, Jr., John Scott, Wm! 
James, Thomas Oliver, Joshua Penniman, Wm. Shannon, George Bullitt, 
Henry Dodge and Harry Diel were appointed trustees. 

This place was the scene of a bank robbery in 1873, which, on account 
of Its audacity, created at the time much excitement throughout the 
State. The bank was entered in business hours by a gang of five or six 
armed men, who overpowered the cashier, O. D. Harris, Esq., who was 
alone and unarmed, and compelled him to open the safe, from which the 



5o8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS OUR L 

ruffians helped themselves to about ;^ 4,000 (a less sum than they expected 
to find), and then escaped, unharmed, with their booty on the fleet horses 
with which they had entered the town. It was afterwards ascertained 
that these men were strangers in the county, but had been wandering 
through the country under various guises for several weeks previous to the 
robbery, familiarizing themselves with the different roads. 

Ste. Genevieve contains 2 churches — Catholic and Lutheran, aggre- 
gate value about ^25,000, 7 stores, some of which do a very large busi- 
ness, 2 steam flouring-mills, 2 saddler shops, i bank, O. D. Harris, 
Cashier, the Catholic convent and parochial schools above referred to, 
I German Lutheran parochial school, 3 hotels and 2 newspapers — The 
Fair Flay, edited by S. Henry Smith, and the Freie Fresse (German) 
edited by Frank Klein. Population, about 2,000. Attached to Ste. 
Genevieve is the Common or Big Field, as it is familiarly known, which 
has an area of about 4,000 acres, and is owned by the inhabitants of the 
town and the neighboring farmers. Not having been overflowed for 
about fifteen years, it is not so rich as formerly, but still produces very 
large crops of corn and wheat. 



ST. LOUIS COUNTY, 

In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by the Missouri River, 
which separates it from St. Charles, east by the Mississippi River, which 
separates it from the State of Illinois, south by Jefferson County and west 
by Franklin, and contains 295,780 acres. 

Population in 1810, 5,667; in 1820, 10,020; in 1830, 14,125; in 
1840, 35,970; in 1850, 104,978, of whom 97,541 were white and 7,437 
colored (5,967 slave and 1,470 free); in i860, 190,524, of whom 184,313 
were white and 6,211 colored (4,346 slave and 1,865 free); 94,438 
native and 96,086 foreign; and in 1870, 351,189, of whom 183,356 were 
male and 167,833 were female; 324,760 were white and 26,387 colored; 
226,811 native (155,913 born in Missouri, 6,586 born in Kentucky, 7,755 
in Ohio, 7,602 in Illinois, 3,533 in Tennessee, and 4,787 in Virginia and 
West Virginia) and 124,378 foreign (of whom 34,803 were born in Ireland, 
and 65,936 born in Germany). 

History. — St. Louis County is one of the five original districts, (St. 
Charles, St. Louis, New Madrid, Ste. Genevieve and Cape Girardeau,) 
of which Missouri was formed. The first settlement within its limits was 
made at St. Louis in 1764, and its early history is so identified with that 
of St. Louis City, that it will be found written under that head. 

Physical Features. — St. Louis County lacks but little of being an 
island, having the Missouri on the entire northern boundary, the Missis- 
sippi on the eastern, and the Maramec on a great portion of the southern. 
The line between it and Franklin, 10 miles in length, is the longest 
straight line on its border, all the others, with the exception of 8 miles 
on the southern boundary, being formed by the windings of the rivers. 
The interior is well watered by tributaries and sub-tributaries of these 
streams, chief of which may be mentioned Wild Horse and its branches, 
Bonhomme and Hamilton, Creve Coeur, the outlet of Creve Coeur Lake, 
Fee Fee, Cold Water or St. Ferdinand, which flow into the Missouri ; Gin- 
gras, River des Peres and Gravois, flowing into the Mississippi ; Mattice, 
Grand Glaize, Fishpot, Keefer, Hamilton, Eureka and Fox, tributaries 01 
the Maramec from the north; and on the south, Antrep, Williams, Flat 
and Saline Creeks. 

From the mouth of the Maramec to the city of St. Louis, the banks 01 
the Mississippi are in many places high and rocky, although the interior 
soon becomes level and presents a very fertile soil. A short distance 
above St. Louis the banks are low and subject to inundation. This bottom, 
which is from one to one and a half miles in width, was originally covered 



Sio CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

with a heavy growth of timber; it extends along the Mississippi to the 
mouth of the Missouri, and about 4 miles along the latter, thence the sur- 
face becomes elevated and undulating, and the soil in many places, 
especially in Florissant Valley, is equal in fertility to any in the State. 
On the Maramec River there are some tracts of fertile land, and indeed 
the bottom lands are generally very productive, but ascending from 
these the country becomes undulating, occasionally hilly with second 
rate soil. This is especially true of the lands west of St. Louis, after 
leaving the rich bottoms of the River des Peres. In earlier times this 
county, although possessing beautiful prairies, was abundantly wooded, 
but timber is now becoming exceedingly scarce, except in the extreme 
western portion, where the several varieties of oak, also elm, hickory, syca- 
more, buckeye, etc., still grow luxuriantly. 

Numerous ancient works left by the Indians or an earlier race, were 
formerly scattered over this county. All traces of them are fast disappear- 
ing, but Beck, writing in 1821, speaks of not only the interesting 
mounds near St. Louis, but of the remains of a fort and of mounds upon 
which were scattered potters' ware, arrows, etc., then recently found at 
the village of Fenton, built on the plantation of a Mr. Long, situated on 
the west bank of the Maramec, 11 miles west of the Mississippi River. 
There are several caves of interest, some of them quite extensive ; Cliff or 
Indian Cave, 13 miles below St. Louis, now used by the Cliff Cave Wine 
Company as a wine cellar, is one of the most interesting. 

Agricultural Productions. — The staple productions within a radius 
of 15 miles or more from the city of St. Louis, are garden vegetables, 
fruits, dairy products and hay. Outside of this limit, corn, wheat, hay 
and oats are largely grown, and rye, buckwheat and barley to some ex- 
tent. There are some large orchards in the county, and fruit is abundant 
and of fine quality. Improved breeds of stock have been very generally 
introduced with excellent success, and there are now some fine herds of 
Durhams, Alderneys and Ayrshires ; several importations of sheep and 
hogs from China have been made which are doing finely. 

Mineral Resources. — Coal exists and has been mined near St. Louis 
for a number of years; there are also indications of it in various other parts 
of the county. Indications of iron and lead have been noticed in the 
western part, but are not believed to exist in paying quantities. A very 
compact limestone, and a good marble exist near Glencoe; they are 
extensively used and found very durable. There is also an extensive 
formation known as the St. Louis limestone, largely used for macadamizing 
the streets and turnpikes, and also for building purposes. 

Fire and other valuable clays are found and worked at Cheltenham and 
other places near the city. 

The Manufacturing Interests which are very extensive, and the 
most important in the State, and indeed in the West, are mainly centered 



ST. LOUIS COUNTY. 511 

in the city of St. Louis, under which heading they are described. The 
following are the statistics of manufactures for the county, according to 
the U. S. Census of 1870: number of establishments, 4,579 ; number of 
steam engines, 425, with 15,118 horse power; number of hands employed, 
40,856(32,484 male, 3,455 female and 4,917 youth); capital invested, 
^60,357,000; wages paid, ^24,221,717; materials, $87,388,252; pro- 
ducts, $158,761,013. 

^A^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $511,035,000.* 
Railroads. — The Missouri Pacific R. R., passing from St. Louis to 
Franklin has 37^ miles, and the Kirkwood & Carondelet Branch ii^^ 
miles. The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W. has 20 miles 
running north-westwardly to St. Charles, with which it is connected by 
one of the finest bridges in the country ; and the St. Louis, Iron Mountain 
& Southern R. W., following the course of the river, has 18 miles of road. 
The city of St. Louis is connected by ferry and by the magnificent bridge, 
across the Mississippi, with all the railroads centering at East St. Louis. 
The St. Louis & Manchester (narrow gauge) R. R. is proposed, and when 
completed is to connect Manchester with St. Louis, passing through 
Kirkwood. The St. Louis County Narrow Gauge Railroad, under con- 
tract and partly finished, will run from St. Louis to Creve Coeur Lake. 
The St. Louis & Florissant Narrow Gauge Railroad, partly finished, will 
run fiom St. Louis to Florissant — 16 miles. 

Educational Interests. — The public school system is established 
throughout the county, and the schools are of a high grade and yearly 
improving. The following are the school statistics of the county, outside 
of the city of St. Louis, as prepared by Mr. Geo. T. Murphy, the County 
Superintendent: number of children enrolled in public schools, 37,596 
(18,801 male and 18,795 female); daily average attendance, 24,033; 
number enrolled in private schools, 446 ; total in public and private 
schools, 38,042; number of districts, 148; number of school-houses, 
155 (38 frame, 105 brick or stone and 12 log); total valuation, $143,737 
($132,753 buildings, $10,984 furniture); number of public schools, 162 
(140 primary, 5 high and 17 colored); number of private schools, 14; 
number of teachers in public schools, 613 (70 male and 543 female) ; 
average monthly wages to males, $120.84, to females, $55.32. The 
schools of the city of St. Louis will be noticed under that head. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ;j2oo,552, 470. Taxation per $100: State 45 c. ; County 40 c. St. Louis 
City : — schools, 40 c. : old limits ;?i.5o, new limits 75 c. Park taxes : Lafayette Park, 10 c. or 20 c. (de- 
pending on the proximity to the park) ; Tower Grove Park, i c. Bonded debt, $3,720,000. In addition 
to the above amount, the county has issued and loaned to the Pacific Railroad Company of Missouri, 
$700,000 of county bonds, payable in currency, dated February ist, 1865, and payable in 20 years; which 
bonds, with the semi-annual interest the Railroad Company is bound to pay, but the county is liable in 
case of default by the company. 

St, Louis City indebtedness is as follows : bonded, $14,303,000; floating, $858,669 (composed of treasury 
warrants, $300,000; wharf north and old street opening claims, $13,000; St. Louis Gas Light Company, 
$545,669). Among the assets is a sinking fund of $739,070. 



512 CAAIFBELrS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Allenton, on the M. P. R. R. 32^4^ miles from St. Louis, contains 2 
stores, I public school (value about ^4,000,) and i colored school. 

Baden, (Bellefontaine Station,) on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. 6 miles 
n. of St. Louis, the terminus of the Baden & St. Louis horse-car line, is 
a growing village, containing 1 1 stores, 3 wagon shops, 4 churches — 2 
Catholic, I Lutheran and i Presbyterian (the last has as yet no edifice,) 
aggregate value, $25,000, and 4 schools — i public, 2 Catholic and i 
Lutheran. Population, about 400. 

Ball\vin, a post-office 19^ miles w. of St. Louis, on the Manchester 
Rock Road, contains 2 stores, 2 large blacksmith and wagon shops, 

1 German M. E. Church and i public school, value about $3,000. 
Population, about 200. 

Barrett, on the M. P. R. R. t6^ miles from St. Louis, contains i 
store, I public school, i water lime-kiln and several quarries, one of which 
furnished the stone of which the old St. Louis Custom House was 
built. 

Beckville, a post-office 5 miles w. s. w. of St. Louis, contains 2 stores, 

2 churches — i of which is German Lutheran, i good public school, value 
about $7,000, also Parker & Russell's extensive coal mines, and i large 
fire brick manufactory, capital invested over $100,000, and has a popula- 
tion of about 400. 

Bellefontaine, a post-office 22 miles w. of St. Louis, on the Olive 
street Rock Road, contains 2 stores, i carpenter, i wagon and blacksmith 
shop, and a limestone quarry. Population, about 100. 

Bellefontaine Station. — See Baden. 

Benton, on the M. P. R. R. 63^ miles from St. Louis, contains i 
good school, value about $2,000, i store, and several fine residences. 

Black Jack, a post-office 3 miles n. e. of Ferguson, has i store and i 
wagon shop. Population, about 75. 

Bonfils' Station, on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W. \Z% miles from 
St. Louis, contains i public school, i store and i colored church (in pro- 
cess of construction). 

Bonhomme, a p. o, 29- miles w. of St. Louis, contains i store. 

Bridgeton, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 14^ miles from St. 
Louis, was incorporated Feb. 27th, 1S43; it is in a fine farming country, 
and contains 2 hotels, 2 stores, i wagon and carriage shop, i brick 
yard, 2 (brick) churches — Catholic and M. E. Church South, aggregate 
value about $10,000, and i (brick) public school, value about $2,000. 
Population, about 2,000. 

Brotherton, on the Missouri River and on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. 
W., 20 miles from St. Louis, was named in honor of Judge Marshall 
Brotherton of St. Louis. It is surrounded by a thickly settled country, 
and is opposite the city of St. Charles, with which it is connected by a 
steam ferry and by the magnificent railroad bridge described under St. 



ST. LOUIS COUNTY. 5^3 

Charles County. Brotherton contains i store, i hotel, i good school 
and I starch factory (in process of construction). 

Carondelet.— See South St. Louis. 

Central, a p. o. 8>^ miles w. of St. Louis, in a fine farming country, 
contains 2 stores, i blacksmith and wagon shop, i (brick) Catholic 
church, value about ^7,000, i (brick) public school, value about ^4,000. 

Population, about 100. ^ -r • 

Cheltenham, on the M. P. R. R., 5>^ miles from St. Louis, con- 
tains 3 stores, I silver smelting and refining furnace, 4 large manufactories 
of fire brick, tile and drain pipe, i Catholic church, 2 wagon shops, i 
(brick) public school, value about $5.00°- Population, about 300. 

Cliff Cave, on the Mississippi River and on the St. L., L M. 6t b. K. 
W., 13 miles from St. Louis, is the location of Indian Cave, and is 
frequented by pleasure parties from St. Louis. 

College View, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 9 miles from St. 
Louis, received its name from being the contemplated site of a large 

Catholic College. . t, i 

Colman, a p. o. 5>^ miles w. of St. Louis, on the Olive Street Rock 
Road, is in a fine farming country, was named in honor of Col. Norman 
T Colman of St. Louis, and contains i store and 2 fine nurseries. 

Creve Coeur, a p. o. xi% miles w. of St. Louis on the Olive Street 
Rock Road, is in a beautiful country and contains i store, i wagon and 
blacksmith shop and i M. E. Church South. 

Des Peres, a p. o. 15 miles w. of St. Louis on the Manchester Rock 
Road, contains i store. 

EUeardsville, a suburb of St. Louis. 

EUisville, a p. o. 22 miles w. of St. Louis, on the Manchester Rock 
Road, contains i store, and in its vicinity, i good brick church-Lutheran. 
Eureka, a p. o. on the M. R R. R., 3° miles w. of St. Louis, con- 
tains 3 stores, 2 blacksmith and wagon shops and i public school. Pop- 
ulation, about 300. . . 

Fairview, on the M. P. R. R., 9 miles w. of St. Louis, has m its 
vicinity I large fine (stone) Episcopal church, value about $12,000. 

Fenton, on the Maramec River, 4)^ miles s. of Kirkwood, contains 
3 stores, I M. E. Church South and i school. 

FeeVee, (Patton's Store,) a business point 2 miles s. w. of Bridge- 
ton, contains i store, i wagon shop and 2 (brick) churches-Baptist, the 
oldest organization of this denomination in St. Louis County, and Pres- 
byterian O. S. ; valuation of the former, about %1,ooo, and of the latter, 

about $4jOo°- , . r> T • 

Ferguson, on the St. L. K. C. & N. R. W., io3/< miles from St. Louis, 
contains 2 stores, i wagon shop, i Presbyterian Church, i (brick) public 
school, value about ^4,000, and a number of handsome country resi- 
dences. 



514 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

Florissant, formerly called St. Ferdinand, is an old French set- 
tlement, 3 miles n. of Ferguson. In 1799 '* contained about 300 inhab- 
itants, but its increase has been inconsiderable since then, although it 
is surrounded by agricultural lands of wonderful fertility. About 5,000 
arpents were granted this town by the Spanish Government as a '' com- 
mon field," and in 1844, at the time of its incorporation, the town 
authorities leased the commons to several of the citizens for 999 years, at 
the nominal rent of about 25 cents per acre. Only a small portion of 
the commons has been sold in fee simple. The village now contains 
I (brick) Catholic convent, 2 (brick) Catholic churches, i Catholic paro- 
thial school; aggregate value of Catholic property, about $80,000, i 
public school, value about $2,000, 3 wagon shops and 7 stores. Popu- 
lation, about 1,200. 

Fox Creek, a post-office 28 miles w. of St. Louis, contains i store. 

Gamble, a post-office on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 2}^ miles from 
St. Louis. 

Glencoe, on the M. P. R. R., 26^ miles from St. Louis, contains i 
store, I large Catholic Reformatory (in process of construction, and to 
cost about $60,000), I colored Baptist church, and in the vicinity, 2 
M. E. Churches South. 

Glendale, on the M. P. R. R., 11^ miles from St. Louis, contains a 
number of handsome residences. 

Grant's, on the Carondelet B'ch of the M. P. R, R., 43^ miles from 
Kirkwood, was named in honor of President U. S. Grant, on whose farm 
it is located. Mrs. Grant was born at this place. 

Ivory, on the St. L., L M. & S. R. W., 8 miles from St. Louis. 
• Jefferson Barracks, on the St. L., L M. & S. R. W., 9^ miles 
from St. Louis, commanding a fine view of the Mississippi River, is an 
old military point, and was an important military rendezvous during the 
late Civil War, is now used by the General Government for an arsenal, 
and is guarded by 30 or 40 U. S. soldiers under command of Captain L. 
Babbitt. It is an interesting point, and attracts frequent .visitors trom the 
city. 

Jennings, on the St. L.,'K. C. & N. R. W., 7^ miles from St. Louis, 
has a fine location, and contains i fine (brick) public school, value $7,000, 
and a female seminary under Baptist patronage (value $15,000), in a flour- 
ishing condition, founded by Prof. B. T, Blewett, the present principal. 
The Baptists and Presbyterians have organizations, but no edifices. Pop- 
ulation, about 100. 

Kirkwood, on the M. P. R. R, and on the proposed St. L. & M. 
(narrow gauge) R. R., 13^ miles from St. Louis, was laid out in 1852, 
and named in honor of the first chief engineer of the M. P. R. R. , 
Jas. P. Kirkwood, and incorporated Feb. 20th, 1865, with a charter 
amended Feb. 27th, 1869. It has a very pleasant and healthful location 



ST. LOUIS COUNTY. 515 

on the summit between the Maramec and Missouri Rivers, about 250 feet 
above St. Louis, and contains many fine residences, 6 or 7 stores, 7 
churches — Baptist, Episcopal, Catholic, M. E. Ch. South and Presbyte- 
rian, and I colored M. E. Church and i colored Baptist, aggregate value, 
about ^60,000, 2 wagon shops, i fine hotel, 2 public schools (i colored), 
aggregate value, about $20,000, i town hall (in process of construction, 
and to cost about $10,000), and i female seminary (value about $10,000) 
in flourishing condition, founded in i860 by Miss Anna Sneed, the 
present principal. This is the largest town in the county, outside of 
St. Louis, and its population of about 2,000 is composed mainly of 
St. Louis business men who reside here with their families. 

Laclede, a post-office on the M. P. R. R. 8 miles from St. Louis. 

Lake, a p. o. 18)^ miles w. of St. Louis on the Olive street Rock Road, 
contains i store, i large wagon and blacksmith shop and a very fine lime- 
stone quarry. 

Lake House is a business point \6 miles n. of St. Louis on the Olive 
street Rock Road, and contains i store, i hotel and i steam flouring mill. 

Lowell, a p. o. 4 miles n. of the court-house of St. Louis, contains 4 
or 5 stores, 4 wagon shops, i public school, i church, i woolen and i soap 
factory and a branch of the St. Louis University. Population, about 800. 

Manchester, a p. o. 18 miles w. of St. Louis on the old State Rock 
Road, contains 3 stores, i fine steam flouring-mill, cost about $20,000, 
3 churches — Catholic, Lutheran and M. E. Church South, i public school, 
I brick yard, i wagon and i cooper shop. Population, about 300. 

Maramec Station, on the M. P. R. R. 19 miles from St. Louis, has 2 
stores, I public school, i wagon shop and i excellent and extensive lime- 
stone quarry. 

Melrose, a p. o. 31 miles w. of St. Louis. 

Mokeville, a p. o. 4 miles s. w. of Bridgeton, contains i store and i 
blacksmith and wagon shop. 

Normandy, a p. o. on the Natural Bridge Rock Road, 3^^ miles s. 
of Ferguson, contains i store and has in the vicinity i Catholic church 
and I Catholic school, value of both about $15,000. 

Oakland, on the M. P. R. R. 121^ miles from St. Louis, is surrounded 
by fine residences. 

Orrville, a p. o. 29 miles w. of St. Louis, contains i public school. 

Patton's Store. — See Fee Fee. 

Pond, a p. o. 26 miles w. of St. Louis, contains i store, i blacksmith 
and wagon shop and i public school. 

Quarantine, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., iii^ miles from St. 
Louis, is the location of the quarantine and small-pox hospitals. 

Rock Hill, a p. o. 10 miles w. of St. Louis, contains 2 stores, i 
(stone) Presbyterian church, value, including parsonage, about $8,000, and 
I public school, value about $1,500. 



5i6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

Rock Spring, y^ mile n. e. of Taylorwick, contains lo stores, i large 
(brick) hotel, 4 wagon shops, i large tannery, 2 potteries, i large glue and 
I large soap factory, i Catholic church (in process of construction, to 
cost about ^25,000), I Catholic school, 2 public schools, (i colored) 
aggregate value of school property, ^25,000. 

Rose Hill, on the M. P, R. R. 14 miles from St. Louis, is surrounded 
by fine residences. 

ST. LOUIS, the county seat, a port of entry and the fourth city 
in the Union, is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi River, 
20 miles below the mouth of the Missouri, 208 miles above the mouth of 
the Ohio, 805 miles below the Falls of St. Anthony, Minnesota, 1,278 
miles above New Orleans, 125 miles by rail east from Jefferson City, the 
State Capital, and 811 miles air line west from Washington. Latitude 
38° 37' 28" N., longitude 90° 15' 16" W. The city has a high and 
commanding site, being principally upon two plateaus of limestone for- 
mation, the upper one rising gradually about 60, and the lower one, more 
abruptly, about 20 feet above the floods of the Mississippi. The length 
of the city, by the course of the river, is about 14 miles. 

Population, in 1764, 120; in 1780, 687; in 17S5, 897; in 1788, 
1,197 ; in 1799, 925 ; in 1811, 1,400; in 1820, 4,928; in 1828, 5,000 ; 
in 1830, 5.852; in 1833, 6,397; in 1835, 8,316; in 1837, 12,040; in 
1840, 16,469; in 1844, 34,140; in 1850, 77,860; in 1852, 94,000; in 
1856, 125,200; in i860, 160,773; in 1866, 204,327; in 1867, 220,000. 
In 1870, by the U. S. Census — ist ward, including Carondelet, 33,708; 
2d ward, 21,855; 3d ward, 23,878; 4th ward, 31,493; 5th ward, 
29,774; 6th ward, 29,192; 7th ward, 18,508; 8th ward, 26,710, 9th 
ward, 22,922; loth ward, 20,623; ^^'^^^ ward, 32,580; 12th ward, 
19,621; total, 310,864 : of whom 198,615 were native born, 112,249 
foreign; 161,796 were male, 149,068 female; of whom 288,737 were white, 
22,088 colored, and 38 Indian and i Chinese. Of the native population, 
156,331 (including 134,212 born in Missouri, and 5,716 in Kentucky) 
were born in former slaveholding States; and 41,603 (including 9,288 
born in New York, and 4,995 in New England) in northern States. 
Of the foreign population, 27 were born in Australia, 751 in Austria 
(proper), 254 in Belgium, 2,008 in British America, 178 in Denmark, 
5,367 in England, 2,788 in France, 59,040 in Germany, 643 in Holland, 
32,239 in Ireland, 786 in Italy, 300 in Poland, 86 in Russia, 1,202 in 
Scotland, 343 in Sweden and Norway, 2,902 in Switzerland, 147 in 
Wales, and 276 in other European countries. 

There were in St. Louis in 1870, 59,431 families, averaging 5.23 
persons to each family; and 39,675 dwellings, averaging 7.84 persons to 
each dwelling. The average number of persons to a dwelling was, in the 
ist Ward, 7.17; in the 2d, 7.64; in the 3d, 8.45 ; in the 4th, 7.78; in 
the 5th, lo.ii j in the 6th, 8.27; in the 7th, 7.56; in the 8th, 10,00; 



ST. LOUIS. 517 

in the 9th, 9.48 ; in the loth, 6.56 ; in the nth, 7.00, and in the 12th, 
7,10. The average number of persons to a dwelling in the city of New 
York was, in 1870, 14.72; in Philadelphia, 6.01; in Cincinnati, 8.81 ; 
in Boston, 8.46; in Charleston, 7.14; in Kansas City, 5.95, and in 
Pittsburgh, 6.05. 

The population of St. Louis in 1874, according to Gould's Directory, 
is 473,560, showing a wonderful growth during the past four years. 

Historical Sketch.— The founder of St. Louis, Pierre Laclede 
Liguest. was a native of France, and came to the New World with the 
avowed purpose of establishing a colony in the French possessions. He 
was most admirably fitted for his adventurous undertaking, and, very 
wisely, was selected as the active partner in the company of Laclede 
Ligueste, Antoine Maxant & Co., to whom a royal charter had been 
granted confirming the privilege of an exclusive trade with the Indians 
Of the Missouri, as far north as St. Peter's River. Seeking a location for 
the new trading-post, he left New Orleans, the capital of Louisiana, 
Aug. 3d, 1763, accompanied by a little band of mechanics, trappers and 
hunters, their rude and clumsy boats loaded with merchandise suitable 
for the Indian trade. Of their tedious voyage northward nothing is 
known, save that they reached the town of Ste. Genevieve, where they 
hoped to find temporary accommodations for their party; that they 
failed in this, and by invitation of M. de Neyon de Villiers, commandant, 
pushed on to Fort de Chartres, arriving Nov. 3d. They were, how- 
ever, received somewhat churlishly by this gentleman, but permitted to 
store their goods. This being attended to, M. Laclede Liguest started 
with a few attendants for the mouth of the Missouri, resolving to fix upon 
some location between that point and Fort de Chartres. He proceeded 
to the mouth of the Missouri, then retraced his course down the stream 
■ and landed at the present site of St. Louis. After carefully examining 
the spot, he commenced blazing the trees to mark it, saying to Auguste 
Chouteau, a young man who accompanied him, *' You will come here as 
soon as navigation opens, and will cause this place to be cleared in order 
to form our settlement after the plan that I shall give you." On his 
return to Fort de Chartres he remarked with enthusiasm to Monsieur de 
Neyon and his officers, "that he had found a situation where he intended 
to establish a settlement which might become hereafter one of the finest 
cities of America."* 

They were favored by an early spring, and on the i6th of February, 
1764, Auguste Chouteau, with 30 picked men, nearly all mechanics, 
disembarked at the selected place, and on the following morning com- 
menced work on sheds for the protection of the tools and provisions ; 
immediately after, a few rude cabins were built. At this time, a fine 

*See Col. Auguste Chouteau's Journal in Appendix. 



5i8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

growth of timber skirted the river, generally extending as far back as 
what is now known as Fifth street, but it varied in width, and there were 
occasional openings leaving the margin of the river entirely free from 
timber. The heaviest growth was on the square now occupied by 
Barnum's Hotel, and this was the place where the first buildings were 
erected. 

A bluff, some 20 or 30 feet above the river, extended the whole length 
of the intended village; back of this was a gentle swell, upon which they 
built their cabins, and still beyond them were two other swells, the last 
bounded by what is now Fourth street, and then came what was long 
known in the records as La Grande Prairie. Early in March, M. 
Liguest arrived and laid off the village, and, with the loyalty for 
which these Frenchmen were distinguished, named it ST. LOUIS, in 
honor of Louis XV of France, little dreaming that their imbecile king 
had, even then, ceded the splendid empire west of the Mississippi, t6 
their old enemy, Spain. They were aware that England had acquired 
the territory east of the river and Canada, but the news of the surrender 
of Louisiana did not reach them until about 2 years later. 

Soon after its establishment, the little colony was much disturbed by 
the appearance of a number of the Missouri tribe of Indians, about 150 
warriors, with numerous squaws and papooses. They had come on a 
begging expedition, and, although showing no signs of hostility, they 
were a source of discomfort and anxiety, especially as they obstinately 
refused to leave. The warriors spent their days begging and pilfering, 
while the squaws dug, and carried away the dirt, from the cellar of M. 
Ligueste's house, then being built on the square between Market and 
Walnut, Main and Second, for which they were paid in beads and 
trinkets. After receiving a gift of provisions, the "noble red men" 
declared themselves so charmed with their new friends, that "they would 
never leave them, but build a village just about their town, and abide 
near them always." This being the most alarming phase the infliction had 
assumed, implying the continued presence of their guests, M. Liguest 
wasted no more civilities upon them, but threatened them with the 
vengeance of the soldiers at Fort de Chartres, if they did not leave. They 
accordingly departed with entire good nature, and, strange to say, never 
troubled the settlers again. 

The young village grew rapidly during the following year, a fact not 
so much due to its natural advantages of location, as to the aversion felt 
by the French for English rule. As soon as England took formal pos- 
session of her newly-acquired territory, the French of Cahokia, (then 
called Caos,) Kaskaskia and of all the towns on the eastern side of the 
river, who could leave without sacrificing everything, emigrated west- 
ward, fondly believing that by so doing they continued subjects of 
la belle France. 



ST. LOUIS. 



519 



St. Louis received a number of these emigrants, and the Indians, also 
disliking the English, removed a large part of their peltry trade from the 
east side of the river to St. Louis, which, a year after its establishment, 
showed unmistakable signs of being destined to be the leading business 
point of Upper Louisiana. In April 1 764, the commandant-general of 
the province of Louisiana, M. d' Abbadie, who resided at New Orleans, 
received orders to proclaim to the inhabitants the surrender of the French 
possessions west of the Mississippi to Spain. At this intelligence the 
people were maddened with rage, their national pride was humbled, and 
they heaped curses on the king and his ministers, and declared that they 
would not be alienated from the mother country. M. d'Abbadie, fearing 
to enforce his orders, and not daring to disobey, died of perplexity and 
grief. 

In a few months the news of the pusillanimous course pursued by their 
king reached St. Louis, and the same grief and rage were manifested by 
the people that had been evinced at New Orleans. Spain, seeing the spirit 
of resistance which was rife among the people, adopted a conciliatory 
policy, and, in fact, delayed three years before making any effort to take 
possession of the province. During this time the French Government 
was besieged by petitions from the colonists praying that they might be 
restored to the mother country, and the hope was strong among the 
people that in some way this would be accomplished. As this expecta- 
tion died out, an obstinate determination not to submit to their new 
masters took its place, and it is a significant fact that about this time the 
French troops, which had been stationed at Fort de Chartres, were 
ordered by the commandant-general to St. Louis, under Louis St. Ange 
de Bellerive. In 1767, Antonio Ulloa, appointed commandafit-gen- 
eral of Louisiana by Spain, arrived in New Orleans, and Aug. nth, 
1768, his representative in Upper Louisiana, Rious, reached St. Louis, 
but neither of them ever dared to assume control, and when Ulloa was 
compelled to leave New Orleans, he sent instructions to Rious to 
evacuate St. Louis, which he accordingly did in the summer of 1769, 
much to the relief of the people. 

Soon after the arrival of St. Ange de Bellerive in St. Louis, he was 
placed in control of Upper Louisiana by the commandant-general of the 
province, who held his position in defiance of the Spanish Government. 
This was a very judicious appointment, as de Bellerive was not only 
greatly beloved by his countrymen, but he was a great favorite with the 
Indians, with whom he possessed almost unbounded influence. By the 
wish of the people he was vested with full power to grant land and do 
all other acts consistent with his office, as though he held it by royal 
authority. The young colony stood greatly in need of some one vested 
with such power, for M. Liguest, although representing a company 
existing under the sanction of royal authority, and possessing many 



520 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

expressed and implied prerogatives, could only grant a usufructuary pos- 
session of land, remaining in force until the legal appointment of proper 
officers vested with power to confer grants. 

The first grant made by M. de Bellerive bears date of April 27th, 1766, 
and was recorded in iheLivre Terrien, a book kept for this purpose. The 
grant was made to Joseph Labuxiere, and had a front of 300 feet on Rue 
Royale (now Main Street) with a depth of 150 feet, running to the river, — 
the same block upon which the Missouri State Bank stood for many years. 
Main between Vine and Washington avenue. Soon after, in the same 
year, M. Liguest received a grant of land upon La Petite Riviere, upon 
which he built a mill, after making a dam which formed what was sub- 
sequently known as the Chouteau Pond. He also received a grant covering 
the block upon which Barnum's Hotel now stands. These grants were made 
without legal authority on the part of de Bellerive, but were subsequently 
confirmed by the Spanish Government. The quaint little French village of 
that time is a wonderful contrast to the city we know to-day. Main street, 
then called La Rue Royale, and afterward La Rue Principale, extended 
from Almond to Morgan, and upon it all the first houses were built. 
Second street, designated in the early grants as Une autre rue principale, 
(another principal street) afterward called La Rue de I'Eglise (Church 
street), extended from Cedar to Morgan. Third street, not laid off until 
nearly 1780, was known as La Troisi^me Grande Rue, and Fourth 
street as La Rue des Granges (the street of barns). With the excep- 
tion of the house built by Ligueste in 1764 on the square where 
Barnum's Hotel now stands, which had a cellar and its lower story 
built of stone, all the buildings until after 1766 were of the rudest 
character, built of logs placed upright, the crevices stopped with mud, 
the whole roofed over with shingles which were about 2 feet long and 
6 inches wide, and fastened to the cross pieces on the roof by means 
of wooden pegs, nails being unknown. It was not until after the 
appointment of M. de Bellerive, when quite a number of wealthy mer- 
chants settled in the town, that more comfortable habitations were built. 
Up to 1766 the names which seem to have occupied the most prominent 
place in the history of the little village are as follows : Liguest, Labadie, 
Chevalier, Lajoie, Benito Vasquez, Labuxiere, Du Breuil, Chauvin, Guyon, 
Kiercereau Lafebre, Conde, Cerre, Sarpy, Ortes, Chouteau and St. Ange de 
Bellerive. The first baptism was performed in May 1766, by Father S. L. 
Meurin, in a tent, for although the block upon which the Cathedral now 
stands had been set apart for the church, one was not erected until 1770. 
The first marriage contract bears date of April 20th, 1766, the contracting 
parties being Toussaint Huneau and Marie Beaugenou. There is a 
•worldly thrift and shrewdness about the document which is in singular 
contrast with the simplicity and careless good humor which were char- 
acteristics of these people. 



ST. LOUIS. 521 

The system of "common fields" prevailed here, as m all of the 
French settlements. La Grande Prairie was first fenced, and we find in 
1775, that these fields extended to the "common fields " of Carondelet, 
that village having sprung up soon after St. Louis. (For description of 
"common field" system, see St. Charles, p. 481.) In 1769, Pontiac, 
the great Ottawa chief, who was a friend of St. Ange de Bellerive, 
visited St. Louis, and was warmly received by the people. From here 
he crossed to Cahokia, by invitation of some of the old French settlers 
of that village, and was treacherously murdered by a Kaskaskia Indian, 
bribed to do the deed by an English trader. M. de Bellerive had the 
body of the great chieftain brought to St. Louis and buried with the 
honors of war, a fact not generally known. The same year the news 
reached the colonists that the patience of the Spanish Government was 
exhausted, and that it had determined to effect by force that which con- 
ciliation had failed to do, and that to this end it had appointed Don 
Alexander O'Reilley commandant-general of Louisiana, with 3,000 
soldiers to enable him to enforce his authority. The inhabitants of 
New Orleans assembled en masse to dispute his landing, and were only 
restrained from violence by their magistrates, who represented to them 
the utter folly of opposing such a force, but it was amid tears and execra- 
tions that the landing was effected. O'Reilley, desiring to strike terror 
to the hearts of the people and awe them into submission, had twelve 
of the leading citizens arrested ; five of these were shot, one brutally 
murdered, and the remainder were condemned to linger out life in the 

dungeons of Cuba. 

Soon after, Pedro Piernas was appointed lieutenant-governor of 
Upper Louisiana, and ordered to St. Louis, and the people feeling pow- 
erless to resist, as New Orleans had submitted, saw their flag, the lilies of 
France, lowered, and the hated foreign banner substituted, with such 
sorrow and mortification as had never before been known in the little 
village. One happy event, however, occurred this year, the completion 
of the little log church, built upon the block upon which the cathedral 
now stands, but located on the west side of Second, between Market and 
Walnut. Father Pierre Gibault, of Kaskaskia, was the priest officiating 
at that time. Notwithstanding the fear and anxiety of the people, the 
change of Government affected them but little. The difference between 
the Spanish and French colonial laws was not material, and happily the 
lieutenant-governor was a man of kindly disposition, who desired to 
conciliate the people as far as possible. He made but little change 
in the existing laws, and in response to a petition for the correct sur- 
vey of land grants, he appointed Martin Duralde, a Frenchman, surveyor, 
and publicly confirmed all the grants made by St. Ange de Bellerive. 
He also gave many of the subordinate offices to Frenchmen, and 
2ven appointed de Bellerive captain of infantry in the Spanish service. 



5*2 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

The death of St. Ange de Bellerive, in Dec. 27th, 1774, at the house of 
Madame Chouteau, with whom he boarded, on the square between. 
Chestnut and Market, Second and Main, was universally regretted. 
Four years later, June 20th, 1778, the colonists were again plunged in 
grief by the sudden death of their early and tried friend, Pierre 
Laclede Liguest, who died on the Mississippi River , near the mouth of 
the Arkansas. He was hastily interred on the south bank of the latter 
river, the grave left unmarked, and cannot now be identified. 

The colonists were singularly blessed in possessing in the beginning 
of their history, such a leader and such a governor, — men who, although 
entrusted with almost unlimited power, have left no record of ever 
having abused it. 

Piernas was succeeded in May, 1775, by Francisco Cruzat, who assum- 
ed control of Upper Louisiana, at the time when all the English posses- 
sions east of the Mississippi were convulsed by the intense excitement 
which preceded the American Revolution. But this simple little village, 
quietly settling down under Spanish rule, was unmoved by all this, and 
hardly conscious of it. Indeed, everything seems to have been moving 
very smoothly with the colonists about this time. Their trade with the 
Indians was good, as they lived in entire harmony with the savages, 
which, in fact, was true of all the French settlements, as they seem to 
have had the power of winning the good-will of the Indians in a remark- 
able degree. The English usually inspired them with hatred, and the 
history of the English settlements is almost always marked by blood- 
shed, — not so with the French; with an adaptability which is perhaps a 
national characteristic, they accommodated themselves to the Indian 
customs and manners, and among all the tribes were looked upon as 
friends. 

About this time the canonical name of the post of St. Louis, Pain 
Court, probably given in remembrance of a parish in France, was made 
a term of reproach by the people of Carondelet, a rival village, or by 
the rich Wabash traders, who, when visiting here, found the ''staff of 
life" uncomfortably scarce, owing to the poor methods in use, and the 
little attention given by the inhabitants to agriculture ; but the people 
lived contentedly enough, unmindful of their hardships. They were 
almost all natives of the province of Louisiana, or of Canada, and had 
been inured to privation from childhood. Their wants were simple and 
they had no motive for great exertion. But though inclined to be 
indolent, and deficient even in such education as the times afforded, 
they were not vicious in their tastes, and their enjoyments were of the 
most simple character. 

For more than a year after its settlement, St. Louis had no prison nor 
any statutes. A fraternal bond united the whole community, and the 
few strong spirits among them were looked up to as patriarchs, and 



ST. LOUIS. 523 

usually any little differences were submitted to and settled by them. 

Ill-feeling had existed in Spain towards England since the cession of 
the Floridas to England in 1763, and this resulted in Spain placing a 
heavy embargo on English goods, so heavy as to amount almost to a 
prohibition, and the result was an immense amount of smuggling from 
Cahokia to St. Louis, which added much to the commercial profits of 
many of the merchants of the latter place. 

In 1778 Cruzat, who was very popular in Upper Louisiana, was suc- 
ceeded by Don Fernando de Leyba, a drunken, weak-minded man, 
utterly unfit for the office, and through whose cupidity or negligence, 
the very existence of the young colony was greatly endangered. Shortly 
after the breaking out of the war of the Revolution, rumors reached St. 
Louis that the English, gratifying their ill-feeling towards Spain, were 
exciting the Indians against the people of Upper Louisiana, and, especi- 
ally against St. Louis, that being the most important settlement. There 
being but one small fort at that time, situated at the corner of Fourth 
and Walnut, Cruzat, who was then in command, made some effort at 
fortifying the village, and a messenger was dispatched to the neighboring 
town of Ste. Genevieve for aid, which responded by sending sixty picked 
men. For some months everything was kept in readiness for the attack, 
but in the meantime, Cruzat was removed and de Leyba substituted. He 
laughed at the idea of danger until the inhabitants grew careless of the 
rumors, and when. May 26th, 1780, 1,000 Indian warriors, under the 
guidance of French Canadians, in the employ of the British Government, 
landed not far from where the water works now stand, and marched to 
the present site of the fair grounds, they surprised a number of the 
unsuspecting inhabitants who were cultivating their fields, and murdered 
forty before anything could be done to check their advance. 

The firing alarmed those who were in the town, and the cry "To 
arms! To arms!" was heard in every direction. About fifteen men 
were posted at each gate, and the rest were scattered along the line of 
defense in the most advantageous manner. The firing for a time was 
warm, but the Indians perceiving that the inhabitants were prepared for 
them, which they had not been led to expect, deliberately retired. At 
this state of affairs, the lieutenant-governor appeared on the scene of 
action, rolled thither in a wheel-barrow, and ordered the firing to cease. 
Those posted at the lower gate did not hear the order, and consequently 
kept their stations, and when de Leyba perceived this he ordered the 
cannon to be turned upon them, and they had barely time to throw 
themselves on the ground, and thus escape the volley which was dis- 
charged. 

Some writers think that it was the appearance of Gen. Clark on the 
opposite side of the river which caused the sudden retreat of the Indians, 
and the late Col. Thomas H. Benton favors this opinion. He says: 



524 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

"On the approach of so formidable an enemy, the inhabitants, despair- 
ing of successful resistance, deputed one of their most respectable citi- 
zens, the late Charles Gratiot, to solicit the aid of Gen. G. R. Clark, 
then encamped with his men in the American Bottom. Gen. Clark, 
although having but 400 men, led 200 of them to the ferry opposite the 
town, and made a demonstration of crossing, while 200 more were sent 
to cross under the bend of the river, three miles below. The Indians 
were disconcerted and hastily retreated." 

It was currently believed that de Leyba had been bribed by the English 
to permit the destruction of the town, and his atrocious conduct in firing 
upon the brave men who were defending the village, and his well known 
cupidity, together with the fact that just previous to the attack he sold 
nearly all the powder belonging to the little garrison, go far towards con- 
firming the opinion. But whether guilty or not, he was held in such 
general contempt that he shut himself up and would see no one, and it is 
thought that his death, which occurred about one month after the attack, 
was caused by poison administered by his own hand 

This year was long known as L^annee du coup (the year of the 
attack). Cruzat was re-appointed commandant of Louisiana, and he 
proceeded at once regularly to fortify St. Louis. A pallisade about 5 
feet in height, strengthened at intervals by bastions, was built to encircle 
the town, running near what is now known as Fifth street, (see map 
opposite) and ending on the river at each extremity of the town in a half 
circle, close behind which the artillery was mounted. Thus protected, 
the Indians never again attempted directly to attack the town, but small 
bands of them frequently lurked in the neighborhood, killing any 
inhabitant who indiscreetly wandered too far from home. 

The summer of 1785, called by the settlers L'an?iee des grandes eaux, 
(the year of the great waters) was a time of much anxiety to St. Louis, 
and in fact to all the settlements of Upper Louisiana. The Mississippi 
rose to a wonderful height ; the whole American Bottom was a sea ; 
Cahokia and Kaskaskia were surrounded by water, and large quantities 
of grain and stock were swept away, and it seemed impossible for St. 
Louis to escape, but just as they were on the eve of moving their goods 
the waters began to subside, and the terrible danger passed them by. 

For several years the people were very much harassed by a band of 
pirates who made their headquarters at Grand Tower, and preyed upon 
the commerce of the river. They became the terror of the Mississippi, 
and no boat dared to pass without paying tribute to them. In the 
spring of 1787 the commandant-general of Louisiana issued an order for- 
bidding the passage of any single boat up the river, and ten keel boats 
were fitted out with well armed crews to attempt the destruction of the 
pirates. They succeeded in capturing a large quantity of stolen booty, 
±)ut the robbers escaped. The arrival of ten barges in company was such 



ST. LOUIS. 525 

an event to the simple villagers that this year was long talked of as 
L^ annee des dix bateaux (the yesr of the ten boats). 

Cruzat was succeeded by Manuel Perez Nov. 27th, 1787, and he, 
July 2ist, 1792, by Zenon Trudeau; both' of these men were mild in 
disposition and affable in manner, and were much beloved, and they 
encouraged immigration in every way. But the people of the United 
States having so recently escaped from the government of a monarchy, 
were loth to bow their necks to the yoke again, and comparatively 
few were tempted by the liberal land grants offered. However, there 
was some immigration, and the log huts were replaced by neat cottages. 
Still, but little attention was given to agriculture, the energies of the 
people being very generally devoted to the Indian trade. 

August 29th, 1 799, Trudeau was succeeded by Carlos Dehault Delassus 
de Delusiere, whose first act, on coming in power, was to have the census 
of Upper Louisiana taken, and this shows the population of St. Louis and 
villages to have been 897. About this time immigration increased largely, 
and a fever of speculation seems to have seized upon the people, and every 
possible device was resorted to by the inhabitants to obtain grants of 
land. Delassus was exceedingly good-natured, and large gifts, which 
are now of immense value, were made for the most trivial services. 
Great numbers of these cost nothing but the surveyor's fees. 

During the administration of the two last named commandants, grants 
had been larger and more frequent than before; previous to this time 
they were never made save to Catholics, but the Spanish Government, 
desiring to allure American settlers, ceased to enforce the condition, 
although it remained upon their books. 

In 1 80 1 the Territory of Louisiana was, through the diplomacy of 
Napoleon, retroceded to France, much to the dissatisfaction of England, 
who by close surveillance prevented France from sending troops to take 
possession of it. Napoleon, feeling unable to cope with England, devised 
the plan of selling it to the United States for ;^i5,ooo,ooo, which was 
accomplished by treaty, April 30th, 1803, and ratified by U. S. Senate, 
31st of October of the same year. Of this Napoleon said, "This accession 
of territory forever strengthens the power of the United States; and I 
have given England a maritime rival that will sooner or later humble her 
pride." 

March 9th, 1804, Delassus, at St. Louis, formally surrendered Upper 
Louisiana to Captain Amos Stoddard, an American officer temporarily 
representing the French Republic, who, on the day following, transferred 
it to the United States. The population of Upper Louisiana at this time 
was about 9,000 whites and about 3,000 negroes. St. Louis only occupied 
what is now known as Main and Second streets, there being no buildings 
on Third street, and the square now occupied by the Planters' House 
was an enclosure used for the grazing of cattle. It had no post-office, 



526 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL 

and not even between New Orleans and St. Louis, was there any estab- 
lished mode of transmitting letters. There was no ferry across the 
Mississippi,* but immediately on the purchase of the territory by the 
United States, a slight Anglo-American immigration infused new life into 
the sleepy little town ; and this impetus was felt to a limited extent through- 
out the province, which was an immense territory, rich in mineral and 
agricultural wealth, but wholly undeveloped, and possessing a population 
so deficient in energy and enterprise, that they could not be considered 
any acquisition to the young Republic. The principal merchants and 
traders at this time were, Auguste Chouteau, who resided on Main street 
between Market and Walnut ; Pierre Chouteau, on Main and Washing- 
ton Av., choice fruit trees surrounding his house, — the store in the 
first story, and the family residence in the second; Manuel Lisa, on 
corner of Second and Myrtle ; Labadie & Sarpy, on Main between Pine 
and Chestnut; Joseph Robidoux (father of the Robidoux who founded 
St. Joseph), cor. of Elm and Main; and Jacques Clamorgan, cor. 
of Green and Main. Among the residents were the following families : 
Hortez, Pratte, Gratiot, Tayon, Saugrain, Cerre, Le Roux, Lajoie, 
Lecompte, Papin, Cabanne, Lebeaume, Soulard and Victor Hab, 
the latter was, probably, the only German in St. Louis. It must 
not be understood that a merchant at that time approximated at all in 
his business relations to the merchant of to-day. A place occupying 
but a few feet square would contain all his goods, and indeed it was usual 
to keep the entire stock of merchandise in a chest or box, which was 
opened whenever a purchaser appeared. 

Owing to the tediousness of navigation and transportation, the prices 
of imported articles were enormous. Most dry goods came from Canada 
via Mackinaw; sugar and coffee (which were %2 per pound), and other 
groceries came from New Orleans. Tea was almost unknown until after 
the purchase of Louisiana by the United States, and this was true of 
many oth»r articles now esteemed necessities. The appointment of 
Capt. Amos Stoddard, governor of Upper Louisiana in March, 1804, was 
followed, March 3d, 1805, by an act of Congress by which the District 
of Louisiana was changed to the Territory of Louisiana; James 
Wilkinson was appointed governor, with Return J. Meigs, Jr., and 
John B. C. Lucas, judges of the superior court. These three con- 
stituted the legislature of the Territory. Governor Wilkinson took pos- 
session of the old government house on the corner of Main and Walnut, 
south of the Public Square — La Place d' Armes — in the spring of 1805. St. 
Louis now increased rapidly in population, the two ferries, then recently 
established across the Mississippi, (which at first were flat boats pro- 
pelled by oars and afterwards were propelled by tread-mill machinery, 

♦One had been attempted, but discontinued for want of business. 



ST. LOUIS. 527 

operated by horses,) were kept constantly employed. A post-office 
was found to be a necessity for the new people who were filling up the 
country, and one was established in 1 804, — Rufus Easton, postmaster. The 
beginning of the new age for St. Louis was fairly inaugurated July 12th, 
1808, when Mr. Josejbh Charless, official printer of the Territory, estab- 
lished the Missouri Gazette, the first journal west of the Mississippi, a 
sheet not larger than a royal octavo page, but which has developed 
into the gigantic Missouri Republican. 

St. Louis was incorporated as a town Nov. 9th, 1809, by the court of 
common pleas of the district of St. Louis, of which Silas Bent, Bernard 
Pratte and Louis Labeaume were judges. The first town trustees were 
Auguste Chouteau (chairman,) Edward Hempstead, Jean P. Cabanne, 
William C. Carr and Wm. Christy. The trustees issued a proclamation 
requiring the citizens to form themselves into fire companies, and 
enacted certain laws regulating their government. One of these was 
that each inhabitant should have the chimney of his house swept once a 
month; and if the chimney caught fire, the presumption was that it had 
not been swept, and he was accordingly fined ^10. In 181 1, the town 
is described as containing 1,400 inhabitants, i printing office, 12 
stores, 2 schools — i French and i English — and the merchandise 
and imports of the town were valued at about ^250,000. Peltries, 
lead and whiskey made a large portion of the currency. During the 
spring of 181 1, the first market was built on Center Square (La Place 
d'Armes), which was between Market and Walnut, Main and the River. 
About this same time an ordinance was passed regulating the prices for 
boats landing at the wharf, every boat of five tons' burden paying a duty 
of $2. There was also an ordinance for levying and collecting a tax 
*' within the limits of the town of St. Louis." 

The hunters and trappers, and the voyageurs who manned the clumsy 
boats that plied up and down the river, formed an important element in 
the population of St. Louis, even at this late date. The trappers and 
hunters, [called les courriers des bois, dressed in a mongrel costume, a 
blending of civilization and barbarism, were always in demand by the 
fur companies, as long as the peltry trade was a source of profit, but the 
voyageurs passed into obscurity at the dawning of the new age of steam, 
August 2d, 181 7, when the Gen. Pike (Capt. Jacob Reid), the first 
steamboat, landed at the foot of Market street. The second boat, the 
Constitution, landed the 2d of October of the same year. This was the 
beginning of a new era in the navigation of the Mississippi, and of a fresh 
growth in the commerce of St. Louis. The first bank, known as the 
Bank of St. Louis, was incorporated August 21st, 1816, with the follow- 
ing commissioners: Auguste Chouteau, J. B. C. Lucas, Clement B. 
Penrose, Moses Austin (who finally went to Texas, and in whose honor 
Austin, Texas, was afterwards named), Bernard Pratte, Manuel Lisa, Thos. 



528 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 

Brady, Bartholomew Berthold, Samuel Hammond, Rufus Easton, Robert 
Simpson, Christian Wilt and Risdon H. Price. But through bad manage- 
ment it was soon compelled to wind up its affairs. February ist, 1817, 
the Bank of Missouri came into existence, but though it lived longer, its 
career was no more creditable than that of its predecessor. No history 
of St. Louis would be complete without an allusion to the duel between 
Col. Thos. H. Benton and Chas. Lucas, U. S. attorney of Missouri 
Territory, an event which cast a general gloom over the whole commun- 
ity. Opposed in politics, and looked upon as leaders by their respective 
parties, the duel became a matter of interest to the entire community. 
They first met on the morning of the 12th of August, 181 7, fired simul- 
taneously, Lucas being seriously wounded. Some weeks after, they met 
again, and Mr. Lucas fell, a victim of a code of honor now universally 
execrated, but which in his day, was as almost universally approved. 
He died on the 27th of September, 1817, aged 25 years. Of Mr. Benton 
it is needless to speak, his life is necessarily written in any history of 
Missouri. In 1818 Missouri applied for admission into the Union, and 
the exciting contest which then occurred in Congress, ending in the 
Missouri Compromise, extended to Missouri. The feeling was especially 
violent in St. Louis, at the time of the election of members for the 
Constitutional Convention. Not one of the anti-slavery candidates was 
chosen, the choice of the people resting upon Edward Bates, Alexander 
McNair, John C. Sullivan, Pierre Chouteau, Jr., ^Bernard Pratte and 
Thos. H. Riddick, 

This same year the building of a brick cathedral was commenced on 
the site of the old log church, and the remainder of the block, with the 
exception of the south-east corner, was long used for the burial of the dead. 
This church was occupied but never completed, and it was afterwards used 
as a warehouse, and eventually destroyed by fire. The altar was decorated 
with ancient and precious gold embroideries, and the church, with very 
fine paintings. These articles were presented by the Catholics of Europe 
to Bishop du Bourg, and the chief patrons were Louis XVIIL of France, 
and a Flemish lady, the Baroness Le Caudele de Ghyseghem ; the latter 
also presented a fine organ. In 1818, the first Protestant church (Baptist)' 
was built on the south-west corner of Market and Third streets.* 

The legislature of 181 7 incorporated a board of trustees for the estab- 
lishment of public schools in St. Louis, but owing to a defect in the 
law they were powerless to accomplish any good. In 1833, the "com- 

*The first Methodist church was erected in 1821, on Fourth and Myrtle streets. The first Presby- 
terian church was erected June 26th, 1825, on Fourth Street, between St. Charles and Washington. 
avenue, and was dedicated by Rev. Samuel Giddings. The first Episcopal church was erected in 
1826, on the corner of Third and Chestnut. The first Evangelical church (German) was erected in 1836, 
on Seventh street. The first Unitarian church was erected in 1837, on the corner of Fourth and Pine. 
The first United Presbyterian church was erected in 1841. The first Cumberland and the first Reformed. 
Presbyterian churches were erected in 1852. The first Congregational church was erected in 1857,. 



ST. LOUIS. 529 

mons" were sold, and one-tenth of the proceeds devoted to the 
public schools, and a new board of trustees, consisting of M. P. Leduc, 
A. Gamble, A. Kerr, John Finney, H. L. Hoffman and Wilson Primm 
as secretary, proceeded at once to erect two two-story brick school-houses, 
in which school was commenced in 1837. 

The building of the St. Louis college in 1818, located on the west side 
of Second street, between Market and Walnut, gave to the growing town 
excellent educational advantages, and students also came here from Louis-- 
iana and Kentucky. Prominent among those who received their education 
at this college were Hon. Wilson Primm, Peter B. Sarpy, Charles Chouteau, 
Edward P. Tesson, Henry Chouteau, Robert Forsyth, Paschal H, St. Cyr, 
Wm. Ferguson, Thomas January, and Ninian Edwards, son of Governor 
Edwards of Illinois. In a little directory published in 1821, St. Louis 
is thus described : " Eight streets run parallel with the river, and are 
intersected by twenty-three others at right angles ; those on the ' hill ' 
are wide, while the lower ones are exceedingly narrow. The lower end 
of Market street is well paved, and the trustees of the town have passed 
an ordinance for paving the sidewalks of Main street. This is a very 
wholesome regulation of the trustees, as this and other streets are fre- 
quently so muddy as to be almost impassable. On the hill, in the center 
of the town, is a public square, on which it is intended to build an 
elegant court-house. The various courts are now held in buildings adja- 
cent to the square. A new stone jail of two stories, 70 x 30, stands west 
of the site for the court-house. Just above the town are several Indian 
mounds, which afford an extensive and charming view of the town and 
surrounding country. There are two fire engines with properly organ- 
ized companies, one of which is in the north part of the town, and the 
other in the south, part. Mr. Samuel Wiggins is the proprietor of two 
elegant and substantial steam ferry boats that ply regularly and alter- 
nately from the foot of North H street, (Morgan) near the steamboat 
warehouse to the opposite shore. The river at the ferry is i^ miles in 
width. Opposite the town and above the ferry is an island, containing 
upwards of a thousand acres. A considerable sand-bar has been formed 
in the river opposite the lower part of the town, which has thrown the 
main channel on the Illinois side. The annual amount of imports is 
stated at upwards of ^2,000,000. The principal articles of trade are fur, 
peltry and lead. 

List of principal "buildings of St. Louis in 1821 :' 

Baptist Church, s. w. cor. Market and 3d.* 

Bastion, n. of Bennett's Hotel. 

Cathedral, s. w, cor. Church [2d] and Market. 

Clerks' offices for the various courts, near Public Square. 

♦Never fully completed, though worship was held in it. Used at one time for a court-house. 



53© CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Constable's office, Nortli 4th above North C. st. [Olive.] 

Court rooms, near the Public Square. 

Episcopal Church, South Church [2d] below South A. [Walnut.] 

Green-Tree Inn, 85 South Church [2d.] 

Indian Council Chamber or Museum of Indian Curiosities, belonging 
to Gov. Clarke, loi North Main. (This is the finest collection of Indian 
curiosities in the United States.) 

Jones' Row, n. side of Market above 3d. (This was the first brick 
row of buildings built in St. Louis.) 

Land Office (U. S.), near Bennett's Hotel. 

Mansion House (Bennett's), n. e. cor. 3d and North E. [St. Charles.] 

Masonic Hall, South B. [Elm] above Main. 

Methodist Meeting, s. w. cor. 3d and South D. [Spruce.] 

Missouri Bank, 6 North Main. 

Missouri Hotel, s. w. cor. Main and North H. [Morgan.] 

Mound Public Garden, a pleasant retreat kept by Mr. Gray near 
Indian Mound." 

Such was St. Louis just previous to its incorporation as a city, which 
took place Dec. 9th, 1822. (Limits, mouth of Mill Creek just below the 
gas works, and run thence west to 7th street and up 7th to a point due 
west of "Roy's Tower," and thence to the river ; area enclosed, 385 
acres.) In 1823 William Carr Lane was elected mayor, and Thomas 
McKnight, James Kennerly, Philip Rocheblave, Joseph V Garnier, 
Archibald Gamble (the presiding officer), Wm. H. Savage, Robert Nash 
Robert Wash, Joshua Barton (died while in office), James Soper, Henry 
Von Phul and James Lakenan aldermen, and Macky Wherry, register and 
collector; Henry Von Phul, auditor; Jean P. Cabann6, treasurer; Joseph 
C. Brown and Rene Paul, surveyors ; Asher F. Cook, lumber master ; John 
Bobb, street commissioner ; Joseph C. Laveille, commissioner ; Sullivan 
Blood, constable, and Peter Ferguson and Marie P. Leduc, assessors. 
The salary of the mayor was only ^300, but Mr. Lane applied himself so 
earnestly to the duties of his office that there was a marked improvement 
in the city regulations. 

However,, it was about this time a citizen writing to some friend who 
contemplated emigrating to the new city said, "Do not come unless you 
wish to live the life of a frog or a tortoise in the unfathomable mud of 
St. Louis." 

April 29th, 1825, was memorable for the visit of the Marquis de 
Lafayette, who was the guest of Pierre Chouteau, Sr. Half the city 
turned out to meet the gallant Frenchman as he landed opposite the old 
market house on the south side of Market street. In the evening a 
splendid ball was given to him at the Mansion House on the n. e. cor. 
of 3d and Market streets, and during his stay high and low united in 
honoring the French hero. During this year the opening of a direct 



ST. LOUIS. 531 

road, under Major Sibley, to Santa Fe, increased the commerce of St. 
Louis. 

In 1826 work commenced on the Court House, and in the following 
year on the Arsenal, in the southern part of the city, the place it now 
occupies. 

Previous to 1809, the streets were called by their primitive French 
appellatives, but after this date, all the streets running west, excepting 
Market street, were known by letters. Market was then, as now, the 
dividing line, and the streets on either side were called North A, South 
A, etc., but in 1827 this was changed, and the names now borne by these 
streets were given. In 1830 a bridge was built across Mill Creek, at the 
intersection of Fourth and Fifth streets, and many improvements were 
made in grading and paving the streets. 

The year 1836 found the young city making steady and vigorous 
growth; a new hotel was completed, a new church erected and the 
corner stone of the St. Louis Theater was laid May 24th, on the s. e. 
corner of Third and Olive streets. A new city directory was published 
during the year by Mr. Charles Keemle. The disastrous year of 1837 
opened as propitiously as the previous one for St. Louis, and February ist, 
an act for the incorporation of the Bank of the State of Missouri was 
approved. The capital stock was five million dollars; of the parent 
bank John Smith was chosen president, Hugh O'Neill, Sam'l S. Rayburn, 
Edward Walsh, Edward Dobyns, Wm. L. Sublette and John O' Fallon, 
all of St. Louis, directors. The house of Mr. Pierre Chouteau, Jr., on 
Main near Vine, was purchased for its occupancy, -and it opened with 
the entire favor and confidence of the people. But before the close 
of the year, remarkable in financial annals for the terror and ruin it 
"brought to the whole country, it was compelled to suspend, following 
a precedent which had been established by the leading banks of New 
York. 

In the summer of this year, Daniel Webster, with his wife and daughter, 
visited St. Louis, and was warmly received by the people. A grand 
barbecue was given in a grove just west of Ninth (on land owned by 
Judge Lucas), at which time there were about 6,000 people present. 
Webster addressed the people in a speech of more than an hour's length, 
and spoke with his usual matchless eloquence. 

Kemper College was opened in 1839, and soon after the medical 
department was attached, chiefly through the efforts of Dr. Joseph N. 
McDowell. 

The same year steps were taken to form a Mechanics' Exchange, 
the criminal court was established, and the mayor's court in the 
year following ; about this time an addition was built to the Court House. 

The year 1844 was marked by a great rise in the Mississippi, surpass- 
ing even the one in 1785. It attained its greatest height June 24th, 



532 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

when it was 7 feet, 7 inches above the city directrix. More than five 
hundred persons were driven from their homes by the flood, and the 
newly erected tobacco warehouse and every tenement in the city were 
called into requisition to shelter them. 

Hundreds from the river towns above, whose homes had been swept 
away, sought shelter in St. Louis, and it was a time of great suffering ; 
but with the generosity which has always been a characteristic of the 
people of this city, their wants were relieved and they were kindly 
cared for. The Mercantile Library was founded in 1846, with James E. 
Yeatman, president. 

The news of the war with Mexico in this year, and the rumor that 
Gen. Taylor, with his handful of men, was surrounded by an over- 
whelming force, created the wildest excitement in St. Louis, and the 
Legion, a popular military company, began to prepare for the country 
west of the Rio Grande. The officers composing the regiment were as 
follows : A. R. Easton, colonel ; F. Kennet, lieutenant-colonel); 
G. Shoenthaller, major ; Henry Almstedt, adjutant ; George Johnson, 
surgeon ; R. H. Stevens, assistant-surgeon ; and Geo. Knapp, lieutenant 
and acting-commissary of subsistence. They left for New Orleans in a 
boat provided for the purpose, and thousands of citizens waved good-by 
and God-speed from the shore. 

After the advent of the first steamboat in 181 7, the commerce of St. 
Louis increased steadily, and in 1831 we find that, during the year, 121 
boats had left the wharf, aggregate tonnage 15,470. Some idea of the 
growth attained in the next ten years may be inferred from the fact that 
in 1 841 there were 2,100 steamboats connected with the port, aggregate 
tonnage, 358,035, while there were 346 keel and flat-boats. The forma- 
tion of a sand-bar in the river, which had been going on since the earli- 
est history of the city, threatened permanently to interfere with 
steamboat trade, but the danger was so evident that the municipal and 
general governments took active measures, which resulted in the removal 
of the obstruction. 

Dec. 20th, 1847, the telegraph lines connecting with the East reached 
East St. Louis, and on the 28th of this month, a meeting of the prom- 
inent citizens took place to consider the advisability of the city sub- 
scribing ^500,000 toward the construction of the Ohio & Mississippi 
R. R. An Internal Improvement Convention had been held in St. Louis 
some years before, and a slight interest created in the subject, but the 
railways were then so distant and the shipping facilities of the city 
already so great, that the enthusiasm was but short-lived. But this 
year the locomotive had reached Cincinnati, and the time being ripe'^for 
effort the meeting bore substantial fruits. The money was subscribed by 
the general wish of the people and an enthusiasm for railroads thoroughly 
aroused, which resulted in the Railroad Convention in 1849, soon after 



ST. LOUIS. 53 J 

which, July 4th, 1S51, work was commenced on the Pacific Railroad, and 
the following year on the Ohio & Mississippi R. R. In 1852, the Chicago 
& St. Louis R. R., (then called Alton & Sangamon,) was opened to Car- 
linville by a public excursion, and on the 30th of June, 1855, the Ohio. 
& Mississippi R. R. to Vincennes. From this small beginning has 
grown the wonderful ramification of roads, which brings near to 
St. Louis every portion of our great country. 

The steamboat interest had kept pace in its growth with the other 
interests of the city, but on the 19th of May, 1849, it received a severe 
blow. The White Cloud, lying at the wharf between Vine and Cherry, in 
some mysterious way, supposed by an incendiary, took fire, and the flames; 
were quickly communicated to four other boats lying contiguous. The 
White Cloud floated out into the stream, the current carrying her among 
the fleet of boats which had cut their cables and drifted into the river to 
avoid the flames. The very means they had used to protect themselves 
proved their destruction, for their engines not being in operation, they 
were powerless to save themselves, and in a few moments the spectacle, 
presented itself of twenty-three boats in flames. The immense conflagra- 
tion was a mile in length. The levee was covered by bales, barrels, 
boxes and combustible i-naterials. The flames reached these, and thence 
to the city, and as the supply of water failed, whole blocks were swept 
away before the work of destruction could be stayed. The property 
destroyed amounted to over ^3,000,000. The Asiatic cholera also swept 
over the city this year with more deadly malignity than ever before or- 
since. As it abated in the fall, the city presented a forlorn aspect. 
Nearly one-tenth of the inhabitants had been swept away by the scourge, 
and the business of the city had been fearfully crippled by the fire. How- 
ever, the work of rebuilding was vigorously commenced. Main street 
was widened, the levee improved, better buildings were erected and a 
system of sewerage commenced which has elevated St. Louis to its proud 
rank of healthfulness among the cities of the Union; and all this 
was done without the least outside assistance. The shipping interest 
very soon rallied, and magnificent steamboats were built which were 
far in advance of anything that had been known, and bore but slight 
resemblance to the quaint and awkward Gen. Pike, the first steamboat 
that touched the levee of St. Louis. Since 1855, which marked the 
inauguration of the railroad system, St. Louis has moved forward with 
colossal strides. New streets and broad avenues in every direction 
have been opened ; elegant residences have been erected and tasteful 
parks laid off"; the city has stretched out to various suburbs and made 
them her own. In the old part of the town the change has been scarcely 
less marked. Massive rows of substantial business houses have replaced 
the poorly built ones of the past, and now, even on the oldest streets, 
scarcely a vestige of the quaint French trading house and residence 



334 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 



remains. In every department of business the change has been equally 
marked. Of manufactures then, the city had scarcely any ; now it is 
emphatically the manufacturing city of the West. In 1S59 the omnibus 
lines gave place to the horse-cars, and now there are ten distinct lines 
reaching almost every part of the city. The old reservoir has been 
replaced by larger and better water-works, constructed at a cost of 
;g4,ooo,ooo. New hotels have been erected, the court-house completed, 
and an elegant and substantial new jail has been built. Nor have the 
people been unmindful of schools, churches and asylums. The public 
school system has increased to mammoth proportions, having an enroll- 
ment of about 32,000 pupils ; number of districts, 41 ; colored schools, 
6 ; besides these, there are the Normal and High Schools, and the depart- 
ments connected with the Polytechnic. The Public School Library, 
established in 1865, and now having 37,000 volumes and a membership 
of over 5,000 must be mentioned in connection with the schools. The 
universities and private schools compare favorably with any in the coun- 
try, and this may also be said of the churches and charitable asylums. 




CITY HALL, 
Corner Chestnut and Eleventh Streets. 



ST. LOUIS. 



535 



CHAIRMEN 'OF THE TRUSTEES 

Of St. Louis from its incorporation as a town, Nov. 9th, 1809, (by 
decree of the Court of Common Pleas of the District of St. Louis under 
act of Legislature,) to its incorporation as a city, Dec. 9th, 1822 : 

1810, Augusta Chouteau. 181 7, Elijah Beebe. 

181 1, Charles Gratiot. 1818, Thomas F. Riddick. 
1S12, '' " 1819, Peter Ferguson, 
jgj^ (( a 1820, Pierre Chouteau, Sr. 

1814, Clement B. Penrose. 1821, " 

1815, Elijah Beebe. 1822, Thomas McKnight. 



1816, 



MAYORS 



Of St. Louis from its incorporation as a city, Dec. 9th, 1822, to the 
present date : 



1823, Wm. Carr Lane. 

1824, " " " 

1825, " " '' 
1S26, " " " 

1827, " " '' 

1828, '' " " 

1829, Daniel D. Page. 

1830, " " " 

1831, " " '' 

1832, " '' '' 

1833, Samuel Merry. 

1834, John W. Johnston. 

1835, John F. Darby. 

1836, " " '' 

1837, '' " " 

1838, Wm. Carr Lane. 

1839, " " " 

1840, John F. Darby. 

1841, John D. Daggett. 

1842, George Maguire. 

1843, Jo^^ ^- Wimer. 

1844, Bernard Pratte. 

1845, 

1846, Peter G. Camden. 

1847, Bryan Mullanphy. 

1848, John M. Krum. 



1849, James G. Barry. 

1850, Luther M. Kennett. 

1851, " " 

1852, '' " '• 

1853, John How. 

1854, " 

1855, Washington King. 

1856, John How. 

1857, John M. Wimer. 

1858, Oliver D. Filley. 

1859, " " " 
i860, '' " " 

1861, Daniel G. Taylor. 

1862, '' " 

1863, Chauncy I. Filley. 

1864, James S. Thomas. 

1865, " " 

1866, '* " 

1867, " *' 

1868, " " 

1869, Nathan Cole. 
1870, 

1 87 1, Joseph Brown. 

1872, " 

1873, " " 

1874, " " 



ST. LOUIS, 537 

The Parks of the city are numerous, some of them adorned at great 
expense and afford most delightful and healthful retreats. 

Lafayette Park, occupying the square corner of Lafayette and Mis- 
sissippi avenues, contains 30 acres, and with improvements is valued by 
the city at ^1,025,000. It is beautifully adorned with numerous shade 
trees, fountains, waterfalls, lakes, grottoes, etc. Statues of Benton, 
and of Washington, (the former executed at Rome by Harriet Hosmer,) 
occupy prominent positions in this park. 

Tower Grove Park, on Grand avenue, in the south-western part 
of the city, was acquired October 20th, 1868, by gift of Henry Shaw, 
and contains 276 acres. It is one of the finest carriage drives in the 
city, and is being constantly improved by the authorities. It is accessi- 
ble by the Gravois street horse cars. Present valuation of the park 
grounds and improvements, ^1,000,000. 

Missouri Park, corner of Fourteenth and Olive streets, contains 4 
acres, and is valued at ^290,000. 

Hyde Park, corner Fourteenth and Salisbury streets, contains 12 
acres, and is valued at ^100,000. 

Carr Square, corner Carr and Sixteenth streets, contains 3 acres, and 
is valued at ^100,000. 

Washington Square, corner Clark avenue and Thirteenth street, 
•contains 6 acres, and is valued at ^230,000. 

St. Louis Place, corner Herbert street and Rauschenoact avenue, 
contains 16 acres, and is valued at ^140,000. 

Forest, Northern and Lindell Parks, in the vicinity of the city, 
are comparatively new, but are destined to become magnificent affairs 
and most popular resorts. Forest Park contains 1,375 ^.cres; Northern 
Park 180 acres; and Lindell Park, 60 acres. 

The Missouri Botanical Gardens, generally known as Shaw's 
Garden, near Tower Grove Park, contain no acres, and have been 
Tinder cultivation since 1857, under the supervision of Mr. Henry Shaw, 
the present owner. On the death of this gentleman the gardens become 
the property of the city. There are three principal departments, which 
we will describe in brief, as follows : 

The Herbaceous and Flower Garden, embracing 10 acres, contains 
:almost every flower that can be grown in this latitude, and contains 
;severai plant houses, with thousands of exotic and tropical plants. 

In the Fruiticetum or Experimental Fruit Garden, comprising 6 acres, 
are cultivated all the various kinds of fruits of this latitude, including 
many varieties of grapes and strawberries. 

The Arboretum, comprising 25 acres, embraces all kinds of ornamental 
and forest trees of this climate. In this section is the Pineium, con- 
taining all the coniferous trees of this latitude ; and the Quercetum embraces 
all the varieties of oak, and the Salictum nearly every species of willow. 




FOURTH STREET FRONT OF WILLIAM BARR & CO. S GRAND 

DRY GOODS ARCADE, 

Showing Third Street addition in distance. 

Our Order Dbpartmbnt will attend promptly to your wishes if the following regulations are 
complied with : 

1st — Write name and post-office address distinctly. 2d — Say how you want goods shipped. 3d — Put 
in samples when possible. 4th — State quantities and measurements clearly. 5th — Enclose Bank Draft, 
P. O. Order, or send currency by Express or in Registered Letter, 6th — Goods send C. O. D. when so 
desired. 

P. S.— Samples sent without charge when requested. 

Address, William Barr & Co., Retailers of Dry Goods, Boots and Shoes, etc., 420 & 422 North 
Fourth Street, and 501 & 503 North Third Street, St. Louis. 



ST. LOUIS. 539 

The Labyrinth is a winding hedge -bordered pathway leading to the 
summer-house in the center. A neat, fire-proof building is devoted to 
the Museum, Herbarium and Botanical Library. 

The Public Buildings, Institutions, Etc., of St. Louis, not 
only those under the control of government and municipal authorities, 
but especially those supported by religious denominations and benevolent 
societies, are very numerous ; among the principal ones are the following : 
The U. S. Government has its circuit and district courts, custom- 
house, post-office, etc., in the post office building, corner of Third and 
Olive streets. These offices are all to be removed on the completion of 
the magnificent new building now being erected for their accommodation 
on the square between Olive and Locust, Eighth and Ninth streets. 

St. Louis Barraclis (formerly Arsenal), is located in the southern part 
of the city and has a beautiful situation fronting the river. It is now used 
for a cavalry recruiting depot, and is occupied by about 300 soldiers 
under Gen. Benj. H. Grierson, the hero of " Grierson's Raid." 

The U. S. Marine Hospital is located on the river a little south of 
the Arsenal, and is open to all river men. About one-half of the expense 
of the institution is met by appropriations from Congress, and the bal- 
ance by an assessment on those entitled to its privileges. 
For description oi Jefferson Barracks, see page 514. 
The State Government. — The Missouri institution for the Education 
of the Blind, located on Morgan street, corner of Twentieth, is an 
elegant and commodious building, and is under efficient management. 
The County of St. Louis owns the following buildings : 
The Court House, which occupies the square between Fourth and 
Fifth and Market and Chestnut. The lot was donated in September, 
1823, by Auguste Chouteau and wife and John B. C. Lucas, and is now 
valued at about ;^9oo,ooo. The cost of the building was ;^ 1,3 12, 202. 
The Supreme Court of the State of Missouri, the County Pi;obate Court, 
the Circuit Court for St. Louis County, and the County Court hold their 
sessions in this building, and here are the offices of most of the county 
officials. The St. Louis Law Library is also located in this building. 

The Four Courts is a new and elegant building, which, including the 
jail, occupies the square between Clark avenue and Spruce street and 
Eleventh and Twelfth streets. The building, including the amount paid 
for the grounds— ^125,000— cost ^880,000. The St. Louis County 
Criminal Court, the Court of Criminal Correction, and the Police Court 
hold their sessions in this building, and several of the county offices 
are located here. 

The St. Louis County Insane Asylum, located near Tower Grove Park, 
is also a very fine building. It was commenced in 1864, and cost, includ- 
ing 25 acres of ground and the artesian well, $880,000. 

The Caunty Farm (Poor House), adjoins the County Insane Asylum^ 



540 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 




CITY HOSPITAL, COR. LAFAYETTE AVE. AND LINN ST. 




-s=^= — ;::^^ .. irrfNBE;ii.&-soRBEi!.^ST.Li)uiSi 
HOUSE OF INDUSTRY, 



ST. LOUIS. 541 

and occupies about 50 acres. The new building just completed cost 
^^250,000. 

The City of St. Louis owns property, including parks, market- 
houses, engine-houses, water-works, hospitals, etc., to the amount of 
$12,513,295, about one-half of which represents the cost of the reservoir 
and water-works. The following list includes the principal public build- 
ings, institutions, etc., under the control of the city: 

The City Hospital, corner of Lafayette avenue and Linn street. It is 
now being materially enlarged. Valuation, $225,000. 

The Work House, with about 9 acres of ground, is located corner 
of Maramec and Carondelet avenues. Valuation, $68,000. 

The House of Industry, with about 14 acres of ground, is on the 
Manchester Road. Valuation, $80,000. 

The Quarantine Hospital, at Quarantine station, comprises 55 acres. 
Valuation, $40,000. 

Arsenal Island (formerly small-pox hospital), comprises about 9 acres. 
Valuation, $25,000. 

The House of Refuge is a reformatory school for juvenile offenders, and 
comprises about 19 acres. Valuation, $105,000. 

The Water- Works, situated at Bissell's Point near the northern part 
of the city, are ample to supply the wants of the people. Various strain- 
ers are arranged to free the water from foreign matter, and these, with 
the 4 settling reservoirs, take from the water about 95 per cent, of the 
sedimentary matter before it is pumped into 

The Distributing Reservoir, on Compton Hill corner Grand and 
Lafayette avenues, which comprises 36 acres. 

The City Hall is located on corner of Eleventh and Chestnut, and 
contains the principal city offices. Valuation of lot and building, 
$286,000. 

The Market Houses of the city are 5 in number, advantageously 
distributed to meet the wants of the people, and are as follows: Union, 
valuation $360,000; Soulard, valuation $72,000; Centre, valuation 
$176,000; Lucas, valuation $92,000, and City, valuation $62,200. 

The Engine Houses are 14 in number, and including engines, hose- 
carriages, fire alarm, etc., are valued by the city at $434,600. 

Street Improvements. — The total length of street pavement in St. 
Louis is about 174 miles; total length of sidewalk pavement about 300 
miles; total length of wharf pavement, (ii>^ miles riverfront) 12^/^ 
miles; total length of water pipe laid in St. Louis, 102 miles; total 
length of sewers in St. Louis, 117 miles; total number of streets, 600; 
total length of public sewers in the city, 24^ miles ; total cost, $1,730,- 
389. Length of district sewers, 92)^ miles; cost, $1,948,000. 

Street Railways. — Twelve different lines of street railways furnish 
easy transportation to the various parts of the city. 



ST. LOUIS. - 543 

Public School System in St. Louis.* — No less rapid than the 
growth of the city has been the system of public education. Indeed for 
some time past there has been a decided gain in the percentage of the 
population attending school. This increase may be seen by comparison 
of the present status with that of thirty years ago. The statistics of 
public and private schools, and of the population now, and at the close 
of each decade, commencing with 1831, are as follows: 

Enrolled in Estimated Per cent. 

^ , . Public Schools, Enrollment of entire 

Years. Population. p^^ ^^^ ;„ Private Population 

Evening. Schools. in Schools. 

1841 20,826 350 700 5 

1851 83,439 2,427 2,300 6 

1861 163,783 13.380 7>8oo 13 

1871 325'Ooo 31.087 17.500 15 

1874 427,000 42,058 22,000 15 

Facilities of education are of three kinds: ist. The public school 
system ; 2d. The parochial schools and colleges ; 3d. The schools and 
colleges founded by private enterprise. In each direction the develop- 
ment has been very rapid during the past five years. The public school 
system has provided for its annual increase by the erection of three or 
more buildings, each accommodating 700 pupils. These buildings are 
supplied with all modern improvements, and are neat and tasteful in their 
construction. Different religious organizations have been very active 
from the beginning in providing means of education. Several very fine 
structures have been erected annually for several years by the Catholic 
Church, exclusively for school purposes. 

The matter of education has received the most careful attention- of late 
years on the part of all classes of society, and the conviction is general 
that material prosperity is indissolubly connected with the fostering of 
intelligence by the establishment of free schools. 

As far back as 181 2, Congress passed an act setting apart certain vacant 
lands in the Territory of Missouri, situated in or adjoining St. Louis, 
St. Charles, and other settlements, for the support of schools in those 
" towns and villages." Other acts amendatory and supplementary to 
this were passed in 1824 and 1831. Out of these grants a large school 
fund has accumulated for St. Louis, amounting to upwards of ^2,000,000. 
Adding to this the value of property in use for school purposes, we have 
a total of ^3,500,000 permanent investment for the city schools, which 
are under the management of the corporate body known as the "Board 
of President and Directors of the St. Louis Public Schools." This 
board has not only the sole and exclusive control of the public schools 
and the school fund, but it possesses also the power of levying and col- 

*By Prof. W. T. Harris, LL. D., Superintendent Public Schools. 



544 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 



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ST. LOUIS. 545 

A flourishing public school library, containing upwards of thirty-six 
thousand volumes, is a novel feature in the system, but is a great practical 
success. Not merely the how to study is to be taught in this school 
system, but the what to study. The result proves that pupils become 
attached to the library during their connection with the schools, and in 
after life they continue their membership in it, and thus make their 
education perpetual. 

A system of evening schools commences operations in the month of 
October, and holds a session of four months, four evenings each weelc. 
In connection with this is the O' Fallon Polytechnic Institute, in whiclr 
are taught the elementaay studies of a Polytechnic education. These 
schools are free to all engaged in useful employments during the day. 
Over 5,000 youths and adults of both sexes availed themselves of the 
privileges of these schools during the winter of 1873-4. Those who 
were regular in attendance were awarded free memberships in the public 
school library. 

The Libraries of St. Louis are unequaled in excellence in the West, 
and reflect great credit upon those of her citizens by whom they have 
been inaugurated and maintained. We enumerate the more prominent : 

The St. Louis Mercantile Library, corner of Fifth and Locust 
streets, was organized January 13th, 1846, chiefly through the efforts of 
Messrs. John C. Tevis and Robert K. Woods. The first officers of the 
association were as follows: James E. Yeatman, president; L. M. Kennett, 
vice-president; R. K. Woods, treasurer; J. A. Dougherty, recording 
secretary ; S. A. Ranlet, corresponding secretary, and J, Dent, librarian. 
TTie present quarters of the library were occupied in 1855, and cost $150,- 
000, of which $25,000 were for the lot, and $125,000 for the building. 

Among the volumes of this library are numbered some of the most 
rare and valuable books in America. An author's copy of Audubon's 
celebrated " Birds of America," in 4 volumes, is to be found here ; also 
a complete set of the British Patent Office Reports of inventions from 
161 7 to the present time, with about 72,000 specifications, presented to 
the library by the English Government. This latter publication is a most 
magnificent work, and surpasses in extent and expense any single under- 
taking of the press since the invention of printing. The printing and 
binding of a set cost about $13,000 in gold. There are but 3 or 4 other 
sets of these reports in the United States. The statuary, among which may 
be mentioned the Beatrice Cenci and the CEnone, both by Harriet Hos- 
mer, also a full sized copy of Venus de Medici in bronze, and marble 
busts of Sir Walter Scott and the poet, Burns ; the portraits and land- 
scape paintings and the cabinets of ancient and modern curiosities, 
gathered from every continent, are of high order, and have required 
many years of intelligent labor and outlay in their collection. There is 
an extensive reading room in connection with the library, also an elegantly 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MLSSOURL 

furnished chess room. The great expense of maintaining this library is 
mainly met by membership fees and the rental of rooms and stores in the 
building. During the year 1873 the receipts from the former source were 
$15,142, and from the latter, $17,467. The total value of the property 
of the association is $297,872, of which $102,093 represent the books ; 
$30,932 the fine art collections; $18,361 the furniture, and $140,000 the 
real estate. The total number of members on January ist, 1S74, was 
4,198 of whom 18 were honorary, 636 life, 725 proprietors, 1,403 clerks, 
and 1,416 beneficiaries. 

The number of volumes in the library was 40,440 ; the number of 
volumes issued during the year 1873, ^^ 122,896, and the number of 
readers during that-period was 5,387. The library has recently issued a 
new catalogue upon which much time and labor have been spent. 

The officers for 1874, are: Samuel M. Dodd, president; Walter M. 
Smith, vice-president ; G. W. Ware, recording secretary ; M. S. Wasson, 
corresponding secretary ; R. R. Hutchinson, treasurer, and John N. Dyer, 
librarian. Mr. Dyer has held his position since 1862. 

The St. Louis Public School Library, in Polytechnic Building, cor- 
ner of 7th and Chestnut streets, is under the control of the Board of 
Public Schools. The eiforts inaugurated in i860, by the late Hon. Ira 
DivoU, a true friend of education, rfesulted in the opening of this library 
on the corner of Olive and 5th streets, in December, 1865, with John 
Jay Bailey, Esq., as librarian. The library was moved to its present 
elegant and commodious quarters October ist, 1869, the library room 
proper (known as the Henry Ames Hall,) being"6o x 80 feet, and 30 feet 
high, and the reading room (formerly Polytechnic Hall.) being loo x 50 
feet, and 42 feet high. 

This library contains the books and collections of the following St. 
Louis Societies : Academy of Science, the Medical, Historical, Microsco- 
pical and Art Societies, Local Steam Engineers' Association, Institute of 
Architects, and Engineers' Club. 

The present condition of the library is shown by the following figures: 
Total number of volumes, 36,507; periodicals in the reading room, 243; 
members, 5,477> of whom 1,935 ^^^ ^'^^ members and 3,542 others. 
Volumes issued during 1873, 106,495 '■> volumes added in year 1873, 3jOoo. 

A law was passed by the recent State Legislature, authorizing the School 
Board to appropriate money from the general school fund to maintain 
the library as a free public library of reading and reference. 

Aside from the two libraries mentioned above, which are the principal 
ones of the city, there are the St. Louis Law Library, located in the south 
wing of the Court House, corner of 5 th and Market streets, and a number 
of libraries connected with the various educational instituti'ons, and literary 
and benevolent societies. 



ST. LOUIS. 549 

The Colleges and Institutions of Learning of St. Louis are 
numerous, and many of them of high order. We subjoin illustrations 
and descriptions of some of the more prominent : 

St, Louis University, corner Washington avenue and Ninth street, 
Rev. J. G. Zealand, president, was founded in the year 1829, principally 
by the exertions of the Rev. Fathers Van Quickenborn, Verhagen and 
P. J. De Smet, all members of the Society of Jesus. It was incorpor- 
ated in 1832, and empowered to confer degrees and academical honors 
in all the learned professions, and generally "to have and enjoy all the 
powers, rights and privileges, exercised by literary institutions of the same 
rank." The first building, on Christy avenue, 40 x 50 feet and four 
stories high, was begun in 1828, and was completed in 1829, classes 
beginning on November 2d of that year, with 10 boarders and 25 day 
scholars, and at the end of the session there were 30 boarders and 120 
externs. 

An exhibition hall with rooms for apparatus was erected in 1835, the 
building fronting on Washington avenue, nearly opposite Tenth street. 
The church was completed in 1843; ^ building for dormitories and an 
infirmary was erected in 1845, fronting on Christy avenue, between 
Tenth and Eleventh streets. In 1849 ^^ medical college on Washing- 
ton avenue between Tenth and Eleventh streets was purchased, and con- 
verted into a study-hall, dormitories, etc., for the junior students, and a 
building was erected to the north of it in 1852 for the further wants of 
the juniors. The fine building on the corner of Ninth and Washington 
avenue was begun in 1853, and was ready for use in 1855. The exhibi- 
tion-hall is justly considered to be one of the most elegant in the West ; 
it was painted in fresco by L. Pomarede, a St. Louis artist. The last of 
the buildings erected on Ninth street, between Washington and Christy 
avenues, is 96 x 45 feet, and contains twelve fine class rooms, the 
Philalethic Hall, and a magnificent dormitory. 

The College possesses a valuable museum, which contains a great 
variety of specimens, both of nature and of art, collected from various 
quarters of the globe. 

The Library contains 23,000 volumes — embracing all branches of 
literature and science — and among them are some rare old works, pub- 
lished but a short time after the invention of the art of printing. 

The system of instruction is paternal, and the greatest harmony and 
kindness seem to be kept up between professors and students. 

This time honored institution has reason to be proud of its alumni, 
whose prominent positions in society, and whose success in the professions 
as well as mercantile pursuits, attest equally its worth and the efficiency 
of its instruction and discipline. During the session of 1873-74, the 
number of students in attendance was over 400, and the present term 
promises to be much more numerously attended. 



CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 




WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. 



Washington University, corner 17th street and Washington avenue, 
Wm. G. Eliot, D.D., Chancellor, was incorporated February 2 2d, 1853, 
and formally inaugurated April 2 2d, 1857, on which occasion an oration 
was delivered by the Hon. Edward Everett. This institution embraces 
the whole range of university studies except medicine and theology. By 
the terms of its charter, no instruction either sectarian in religion or 
partisan in politics is allowed in any of its departments; nor can any 
sectarian or party test be permitted in the election of any of its professors 
or officers, or in the admission of pupils. 

The University comprises five distinct departments, containing in 1874 
an aggregate of 53 instructors and 940 students. The three higher depart- 
ments are equally open to both sexes. These departments are as follows: 

I. The Academy, Prof. Denham Arnold, Principal, in which the course 
of instruction extends through five years, and is preparatory to the col- 
lege and polytechnic departments. 

II. Mary Institute, Prof. C. S. Pennell, Principal, is a seminary for 



ST. LOUIS. 551 

young ladies, and occupies buildings and grounds by itself. It is so con- 
nected with the other departments of the University, as to secure to its 
pupils the same advantages as are accessible to young men. 

III. The College, Prof. M. S. Snow, Registrar, comprises a four years' 
course of study, which, when completed, entitles the student to the 
degree of bachelor of arts. The judicious use of the elective system 
of study in this department, adds to its effectiveness and popularity. 

IV. The Polytechnic Department, Prof. C. M. Woodward, Dean, com- 
prises a four years' course of study, and prepares students to become 
engineers, chemists or architects. In this department there are six dis- 
tinct courses, viz. : civil engineering, mechanical engineering, chemistry, 
mining and metallurgy, building and architecture, and a "general 
course." These courses include practical work in the laboratories and 
field work in engineering and geology. The degrees conferred corres- 
ponding to the six courses of study, are : civil engineer, mechanical 
engineer, chemist, engineer of mines, architect, and bachelor of sciences. 

V. Tlie Law School, George M. Stewart, Esq., Dean, prepares young 
men to a degree far above the ordinary standards of admission to the 
bar, for the practice of the profession. Its commodious reading room 
contains more than 3,000 volumes for the daily use of the students. 

Scholarships. — The University has a trust fund of $30,000, and a 
sustentation fund of $10,000, each the gift of the Western Sanitary 
Commission. The former fund establishes twenty-five free scholarships 
in the college or polytechnic departments, to be filled by children or 
descendants of Union soldiers who served in the late Civil War, and in 
default of such applicants to others especially recommended. The 
income from the sustentation fund is to be used to aid students in 
straitened circumstances, giving preference to descendants of Union 
soldiers as above. Other scholarships have been established by individ- 
uals for students in the various departments, and it is safe to say that 
no deserving young man need leave the university for want of means. 

Libi-aries. — The library of the University is composed chiefly of 
books of reference, and numbers about 2,000 volumes. Through the lib- 
erality of a number of the citizens of St. Louis, the privileges of Mer- 
cantile Library are extended under prescribed conditions to such members 
of the University as may be designated by the Chancellor. 

7he Endo'W77ient Funds of the University are chiefly general, and its 
total endowment and property are estimated at upwards of $750,000. 

This University has reached a position of commanding influence in the 
educational interests of the city and State, and is so firmly established as 
to give certain promise of a great and rapidly increasing prosperity. 

The examinations for admission to the various departments of this insti- 
tion, are held in June and September of each year. For terms of admis- 
sion, tuition and catalogues, apply to W. G. Eliot, Chancellor. 



552 



CAMFBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 




CHRISTIAN BROTHERS COLLEGE. 



The College of the Christian Brothers, corner of Eighth and 
Cerre streets, Brother James, Director, was founded by the Brothers 
of the Christian Schools in 1851; incorporated and empowered to con- 
fer academical honors by the State Legislature in 1855. Its successful 
career is marked by the large amount of public confidence it has already 
gained, and the annual increase in the number of students. These happy 
results are the best recommendation to parents and guardians. Great 
attention is paid to the health and happiness of its inmates — ventilation, 
cleanliness, dormitories, refectory, recreation halls for cold and damp 
weather, etc., being specialties. 

The various arts and sciences usually taught in colleges find here an 
appropriate place in a system of education established by experience, 
conducted on the most approved plan, and with a devotedness commen- 
surate with the greatness of the work engaged in. By reason of the 
^reat number of classes, a thorough graduation for all capacities and re- 
quirements has been attained, and the frequent examinations and promo- 
tions beget emulation, the soul of advancement, making labor a pleasure 
and success a certainty. 

The institution possesses an excellent philosophical and chemical ap- 
paratus, a museum and a select library for the use of the students. 

The session commences on the first -Monday in September, and ends 
on the Wednesday before the last Thursday in June. 

The religion professed and taught in the College is the Catholic. Stu- 
dents of other denominations are admitted, provided they are willing, for 
the sake of order and uniformity, to attend the public exercises of reli- 
gious worship. 



ST. LOUIS, 



55i 




URSULINE ACADEMY. 



Ursuline Academy, on State, between Russell and Ann streets, was 
established in 1848, and is a flourishing institution devoted to the 
education of young ladies. 

This academy, in its thorough plan of education, unites all the advan- 
tages that can be derived from a judicious and conscientious care 
bestowed on the pupils in every branch of science becoming their sex. 
Propriety of deportment, personal neatness and the principles of 
morality, are objects of unceasing attention. 

The Young Ladies' Academy of the Visitation, on Cass avenue, 
between Twenty-first and Twenty-third streets, was established in 1833, 
at Kaskaskia, a small French village, near the left bank of the Mississippi 
River, in the south-western part of Illinois, and was removed to St. 
Louis during the great inundation of 1844. 

It ranks among the oldest and best patronized educational institution 
in the West, and is conducted by the Religious Sisters of the Order of 
the Visitation, founded in 1610, in Savoy, by St. Francis, Count of 
Sales, and Ste. Jane Frances, Baroness of Chantal. 

Its location combines the advantages both of country and city, 
occupying an elevated, healthy and beautiful site in the north-western 
part of the city, possessing shaded walks, ample grounds, an extensive 
and commodious range of buildings, with well ventilated and spacious 
rooms and halls, and covered areas and piazzas for open air exercise in 
inclement weather, and such other facilities for the promotion of the 
health and happiness of its youthful occupants, as the gentle, maternal 
system of government adopted by the religious sisterhood in charge has 
deemed expedient. 

The pupils of this institution receive a thorough training in all branches 
of learning becoming their sex. 



554 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 



Concordia College, Jefferson avenue, between Miami and Chippewa 
streets, Rev. C. F. W. Walther, president, is a theological seminary 
under the control of the German Evangelical Lutheran Synod. There 
is an able corps of instructors and a large number of students. Attached 
to the college are the extensive book concern and printing and binding 
establishments of the Synod. 

In addition to these, there are in St. Louis many more seminaries, 
academies, parochial and private schools, also several flourishing medical, 
dental, pharmacy, and commercial colleges 




HEBREW SYNAGOGUE, 
Corner Pint and SevenUenth StrteU. 



ST. LOUIS. 



555 




SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH, 
Corner fMcust and Beaumont Streets. 



Churches.-The church edifices of St. Louis are numerous, and 
many of them very costly and truly magnificent. Many of the evangel- 
ical protestaut organizations during the first three months of 1874 
received large accessions to their membership, on account of a great 
revival occurring at that time under the leadership of Rev E P 
Hammond, an evangelist. There are in the city 152 houses of worship! 
with a valuation of over ^5,000,000, besides many mission buildings Of 
these churches 16 are Baptist; 3 Christian; 4 Congregational; 12 Epis- 
copal; 9 German Evangelical; i English Evangelical Lutheran; 12 Ger- 
man Evangelical Lutheran; 4 Hebrew; 12 Methodist Episcopal; 9 M 
E.Ch. South; 2 New Jerusalem; 18 Presbyterian; 2 Cumberland Pres- 
byterian ; i Presbyterian Reform; 36 Roman Catholic; 2 Unitarian; 
4 Latter Day Saints; i Society of Friends; i Free Religious Society; 
2 Independent (German) Evangelical Protestant; and i Free Methodist 

.n?r'*'"^';~^n^'^'"''"' '"^^ ^'^^^'•>^ ^'^ '^' P'-^^-'P^l cemeteries; 
and there are 26 smaller ones owned by different churches and societies 



556 



CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 



The Press of St. Louis ably occupies the various departments of 
journalism. We subjoin a brief mention of the prominent newspapers 
of the city. 




REPUBLICAN BUILDING, 
Southeast comer of Third and Chestnut Streets. 



The St. Louis Republican. — July 12th, 1808, the first newspaper west 
of the Mississippi, appeared in St. Louis, known as the Missouri Gazette, 
a diminutive sheet, measuring 12x16 inches. In 1809, its title was 
changed to Louisiana Gazette, and in July 1818, its former name was 
again assumed, but gave place, in 1822, to that of Missouri Republican. 
Until April 9th, 1833, it was published as a weekly, when a semi-weekly 
edition was added. April 3d, 1835, a tri-weekly edition took the place 
of the semi-weekly, and September 3d of the following year, the proprie- 
tors began the publication of a daily. The establishment has twice been 
destroyed by fire, and at each time but one day's issue has been omitted. 
It now (1874) has the finest and best arranged printing office in the West, 
and employs regularly about twenty editors and a large corps of special 
correspondents. 

The Republican is published by George Knapp & Co., a stock company, 
of which George and John Knapp and H. G. Paschall are directors. 

Politically, the Republican is Independent and Conservative. 



ST. LOmS. 557 

The St. Louis Democrat, late Missouri Democrat, has an interesting 
history. In 1853, Mr. Wm. McKee and Mr. Wm, Hill, at that time pro- 
prietors of the Democrat, purchased the Union, an anti-Benton organ, 
and the consolidation of the two in the Missouri Democrat followed. In 
1857, Mr. G. W. Fishback, who had been for three years acting as one 
of the editors of the Democrat, purchased an interest therein, and it 
was conducted by the above parties without change until 1863, when 
Mr. D. M. Houser became a partner in the concern, and the firm was 
McKee, Fishback & Co. Its publication was continued under this part- 
nership until early in 1872, when Mr. Fishback bought out his partners, 
paying for the concern ^456,100. After the purchase a joint stock com- 
pany was immediately formed, Mr. Fishback retaining the controlling 
interest. Mr. W. P. Fishback is a large stockholder and principal 
editor, while the business conduct is in charge of Mr. Otto H. Hassel- 
man, also largely interested in the company. The Democrat is a thirty- 
six column folio paper, with daily, tri-weekly, and weekly editions. 
Politically it is independent Republican. The establishment occupies, 
in connection with an extensive job printing and lithographic depart- 
ments, a four story building on the north-east corner of Fourth and Pine 
streets. 

The St. Louis Globe, established in 1872, is one of the leading daily 
journals of St. Louis. Its proprietors, Messrs. McKee & Houser, built 
up the Def?iocrat, and the ex])erience thus acquired has enabled them to 
make the Globe, thus early in its history, a permanent institution of the 
Mississippi Valley. The Giode is of first-class size, and of superior 
typographical excellence. Its news' columns are full, and it is edited 
with marked ability. The Globe's speedy success is a proof not only of 
the financial ability of its management and the power of its editorial 
staff, but also of the growth of St. Louis and the West in population, 
intelligence and wealth. 

The St. Louis Evening Journal, published every afternoon except 
Sunday, by the Wolcott & Hume Co., 409 Olive street, is Republican 
in politics. 

The St. Louis Weekly Journal, published by the Wolcott & Hume 
Co., 409 Olive street, is Republican in politics, and is extensively 
circulated throughout the western States and Territories. 

The Journal of Commerce, published by the Wolcott & Hume Co., 
409 Olive street, is devoted to the manufacturing, mining and railroad 
interests of Missouri and the West. 

The St. Louis Dispatch, Democratic in politics, is issued every 
afternoon, and has also a weekly and tri-weekly edition. Mr. Stilson 
Hutchins is managing editor, and under his care the paper is rapidly 
improving, and has recently moved into larger and more central quarters 
— corner 5th and Olive — to accommodate its increasing business. 



558 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 




TIMES BUILDING. 



The St. Louis Times, established in 1866, is a large quarto eight 
page paper, containing fifty-six columns, and is published daily, tri- 
weekly and weekly, with a triple sheet on Sunday. The Times is a first- 
class journal, the several departments being in charge of able and well 
qualified gentlemen. This paper, having an excellent job printing 
establishment connected with it, occupies the elegant and commodious 
quarters n. e. corner Fifth and Chestnut streets, is carefully edited — 
democratic in politics, and has a large and steadily increasing circulation. 



ST. LOUIS. 559 

The Anzeiger des Westens, a German newspaper, Democratic in 
politics, issued daily and weekly, was established in 1834. Since 1863 
it has been owned and published by the "Anzeiger" Association, Carl 
Daenzer, president and chief editor. The association in 1873 erected a 
large double building for its sole use — one of the best arranged news- 
paper establishments in the city. 

The Westliche Post, a Geeman daily, morning paper. Republican in 
politics, was established in 1857, and is published at s. w. cor. 5th and 
Market streets, by Plate, Olshausen & Co. Editors, Emil Preetorius and 
Carl Schurz. It has a large and increasing circulation. 

The Amerika is a German morning daily, Sunday and weekly news- 
paper, published by the German Literary Society, No. 106 n. 3d street. 
This paper was established in October 1872, and has acquired a large 
circulation, having subscribers throughout the Union and in Germany. 
It is independent in politics. Anton Hellmich is its chief editor. 
Henry Spaunhorst is president of the board of managers. 

The St. Louis Courier, a German daily evening paper, with the 
Missouri Blatter as Sunday paper, and a weekly appearing on Wednes- 
days, is published at 206 and 208 n. 3rd street, by the St. Louis Courier 
Co., president, Henry Gambs; editor-in-chief, Dr. E. H. Makk. 

The following are among the principal weeklies of the city : 

The Central Baptist, Luther & Teasdale, publishers, 721 n. 4th. 

Central Christian Advocate, Benj. St. James Fry, ed., 913 n. 6th. 

Central Law Journal, Soule, Thomas & Wentworth, pubs., 208 s. 4th. 

Christian, J. H. Garrison, editor, 302 n. Main. 

Colman's Rural World, Norman J. Colman, editor, 612 n. 5th. 

Cumberland Presbyterian, Rev. J. R. Brown, editor, 505 n. 6th. 

Fireside Visitor, Thos. J. Henley, manager, 302 n. Main. 

Old School Presbyterian, B. C. Cox, publisher, 212 n. 5th. 

St. Louis Railway Register, W. A. Smith,ed.,room 7 Temple Building. 

The Western Celt, Daniel O'Madigan, proprietor, 301 Olive. 

The following are among the principal monthlies of the city : 

The American Journal of Education, now in its seventh volume, 
has become, by its ability and circulation, one of the leading educational 
papers of the country. It numbers among its editorial writers and con- 
tributors some of the ablest educators in the land. Five editions are now 
published in as many States. J. B. Mervin is the managing editor and 
publisher, 917 n. 6th street. 

American Medical Journal, Field & Pietzer, pub., 614 Olive street. 

American Sunday School Worker, published by J. W. Mclntyre, 
4 s. 5 th street. 

Central Magazine, published by Miss Mary Nolan, 1023 Washing- 
ton avenue. 

Christian Repository, Rev. S. H. Ford, editor and pub. 215 Pine. 



56o CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Church News, Rev. Edwin Coan, editor, Hendricks, Chittenden & 
Co. publishers, 204 n. 5th. 

Home Grange, A. R. P'oote, publisher, 11 Insurance Exchange. 

Inland Monthly, C. Smith & Co., publishers, 625 Olive. 

Illustrated Journal of Agriculture, Journal of Agriculture Co., 
publishers, 310 n. 6th. 

Illustrated Monthly Railway News, Will Conklin, publisher, 
3d, between Pine and Olive streets. 

Ladies' Repository and Home Magazine, published by Western 
Methodist Book Concern, 913 n. 6th street, 

Lehre und Wehre, C. F. W. Walther, editor, 1724 s. 7th street, 

Post-Office Bulletin, Gale & Co., proprietors, s. e, cor. 5th and 
Olive streets. Room 13. 

The St. Louis Magazine, the oldest in the city, published by Julia 
M, Purinton, 302 n. Main. 

St. Louis Medical and Surgical Journal, Wm. S. Edgar, M. D., 
editor, 121 7 Pine street. 

The Freemason, Geo. F. Gouley, publishers. Freemason Hall. 

The Western, published by E. F. Hobart & Co., is the organ of the 
University Club, Academy of Science, Historical Society, Society of 
Pedagogy and Art Society, 

Western Insurance Review, H, L, Aldrich, publisher, corner 6th 
and Locust streets. 

Educational and Health Journal (quarterly), Hiram Beadle, 
editor, 510 Olive street. 

The Journal of Speculative Philosophy (quarterly), published by 
Prof. Wm. T, Harris, is managed with marked ability, and occupies, 
thus far, a field peculiarly its own. 

Southern Review (quarterly). Rev. A, T. Bledsoe, 510 and 512 
Washington avenue. 

St, Louis Standard (semi-monthly). Van Beek, Barnard & Tinsley, 
publishers, 303 and 305 n. 3d street. 

Besides these there are about 30 other publications devoted to various 
societies or personal interests. 

Railroads. — As a railroad center, St, Louis is the northern terminus 
of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, the north-eastern ter- 
minus of the Atlantic & Pacific, the eastern terminus of the Missouri 
Pacific, and the south-eastern terminus of the St. Louis, Kansas City & 
Northern (formerly North Missouri) Railroads. By bridge across the 
river at this point, the southern terminus of the Rockford, Rock Island 
& St. Louis, the south-western terminus of the Chicago & Alton (and 
Jacksonville Branch,) and the Toledo, Wabash & Western Railroads ; 
also the western terminus of the Indianapolis & St. Louis ; Vandalia, 
Terre Haute & Indianapolis, and the Ohio & Mississippi Railroads ; and 



ST. LOUIS. 561 

the north-western terminus of the St. Louis & South-eastern, (consol- 
idated) and the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute, (Belleville & Southern 
Illinois Division), the Illinois & St. Louis, and the Cairo & St. Louis 
(narrow gauge) Railroads. These lines, with the splendid water commu- 
nications of the city, give St. Louis facilities for securing and distributing 
freight unequaled by any other city on the continent. 

The St. Louis Bridge. — The first stone of the magnificent steel 
tubular bridge across the Mississippi River at this point was laid February 
28th, 1868, since which time the work has steadily progressed under the 
management of its originator and able chief-engineer, Capt. James B. 
Eads. The bridge consists of three arches, the middle one being 520 
feet clear, and the eastern and western each 502 feet clear. The distance 
over the river from center to center of abutments is 1,627 feet. The 
western approach measures 1,150 feet," and the eastern 3,500 feet; total 
length of the bridge and approaches, 6,277 ^eet, or one mile and about 
a sixth. The tunnel, which passes west under Washington avenue, and 
thence south under Eighth street, is 5,000 feet in length. While the main 
purpose is for a railroad bridge, it is also open for the passage of horse 
cars, teams and pedestrians. The total cost of the bridge is estimated 
at between seven and eight millions of dollars. 

Steamboats and Barges. — The statement of the tonnage of the 
port of St. Louis for 1873 gives the following figures : Number of steam- 
ers enrolled, 170, with a tonnage of 78,716; number of barges 
enrolled 159, with a tonnage of 58,286; total number of all vessels 
enrolled 329, with total tonnage of 137,003 ; number of hull and boiler 
inspections, 147. Arrivals at the port for 1873 were as follows : From 
Upper Mississippi, 907; Lower Mississippi, 868; Illinois, 215; Mis- 
souri, 102; Arkansas and White, 8; Cumberland and Tennessee, 11; 
Red, 39; and Ohio, 166. Total arrival of steamers, 2,316; total 
number of barges and canal boats, 1,020; total arrivals, 3,336; total 
tons of freight received, 801,055. Departures from the port for 1873 
were as follows: To Upper Mississippi, 905; Lower Mississippi, 844; 
Illinois, 219; Missouri, 109; Arkansas and White, 4; Cumberland and 
Tennessee, 10; Red, 51; and Ohio, 161; total steamers departed, 
2,303; total tons of freight shipped, 7S3.256. 

The Commercial and Manufacturing Interests of St. Louis 
have assumed colossal proportions. The goods of the business men of 
the city are distributed in immense quantities in all directions, but par- 
ticularly throughout the west and south-west. The character of our 
work admits of our giving only a brief, and hence necessarily incom- 
plete exhibit of the trade of the city, which is so enormous. The figures 
which we herewith present are deemed reliable, having been compiled 
and verified by us at no little cost of time and labor, and have, item by 
item, been approved by competent judges in each of the branches of 



562 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOVRL 

trade represented. The figures showing receipts and shipments are taken 
from the last annual statement of the Union Merchants' Exchange, 
whose statistics are standard. 

The Union Merchants' Exchange was organized in 1862, and 
incorporated March 4th, 1863. Its membership in 1873 ^^ "^^Zl^Z- It 
succeeded to the St. Louis Chamber of Commerce, which was formed in 
1850. President, (1874) Webster M. Samuel; Secretary, Geo. H. Morgan. 

The corner stone of the Chamber of Commerce was laid June 6th, 
1874, with imposing Masonic ceremonies. Able and eloquent addresses 
were delivered by Rufus E. Anderson, Esq., Palmyra, Grand Master, 
and by Webster M. Samuel, Esq., the latter of whom referred to the 
resources of Missouri as follows : 

** It will not be amiss to state here the very suggestive fact, an eloquent 
proof of our great resources and advancements in science and in 
mechanic arts, that the foundations of granite, the walls of sandstone 
and brick, the framework of iron and wood, the lead and iron plumbing 
and heating apparatus, a large portion of the glass, and even the very 
paint which will decorate its ceilings and graceful columns will come 
from the surface and bosom of our own State, and will be chiselled into 
beauty and moulded into form by our own artisans and manufacturers." 

The St. Louis Board of Trade was incorporated February 15 th, 1864. 
Its purposes are declared to be to promote the financial, manufacturing 
and industrial interests of the country at large, and especially of St. 
Louis and the Valley of the Mississippi. By its act of incorporation it is 
prohibited from trafficking in goods, wares or merchandise of any 
description. President, I. M. Mason ; Secretary, Joseph A. Wherry. 

The Mechanics' and Manufacturers' Exchange is an important 
association, composed mainly of the master builders of the city, and of 
those engaged in furnishing builders' supplies. President, James Luthy ; 
Secretary, W. C. Stamps. 

Custom House Transactions. — Receipts from various sources at the 
port of St. Louis, during 1873, were as follows: 

Import duty, 1^1,376,466 ; hospital tax, ;^i 1,206; inspections, $14,512; 
storage, $1,829; official fees, $2,630; collections in coin, $1,376,466; 
collections in currency, $30,179; total collections, $1,406,646. 

The foreign value warehoused during 1873 ^^s $3,730,894; the duty 
on warehousal was $1,257,447; foreign value withdrawn, $3,358,424; 
duty paid on withdrawal, $1,123,486; and the reduction of duty on 
goods withdrawn, $1,613. 

Transportation without appraisement : — 

Foreign value via New Orleans, $506,749; via New York, $579,677; 
via Baltimore, $24,061; via Boston, $250; via Philadelphia, $9,718; 
total foreign value, $1,120,455. 

Of the direct importations at this port, the following are among the 




THE JACCARD BUILDING, N. E. COR. FIFTH AND OLIVE STS., 

Was erected in 1869-70 l)y Eugene Jaccard & Co. for the accommodation of llieir 
extensive wholesale and retail Jewelry trade. It aptly represents the flourishing grow ih 
of their business, which was established on a vciy humble scale in 1820. 



ST. LOUIS. 563 

most important: books and paper, ^19,543; diamonds and jewelry, 
$13^273; earthenware, ;?i62,33S ; dried fruits, 100,824 lbs.; window 
glass, 218,152 lbs.; iron rails, 26,296,216 lbs.; salt, 1,364,600 lbs.; 
ash soda, 2,000,086 lbs.; sugar, 36,989,226 lbs.; steel rails, 1,798,988 
lbs.; cotton textile fabrics, 1^201,125; wool textile fabrics, $106,227; 
and leaf tobacco, 117,529 lbs. 

Merchandise and Sundries. — Receipts during 1873 were, 1,057,779 
packages, and 9,360 car loads. Shipments from St. Louis, 5,390,320 
packages, and 36,679 car loads. Of the above mentioned packages 
shipped, 1,583,753 were sent by river, and 3,806,567 by railroad. 

Freight Received and Shipped. — The number of tons of freight 
received during 1873 by railroad, was 3,245,178, and by river, 801,055 ; ^ 
total, 4,046,233. The shipments from the city during 1873 were, by 
railroad, 1,155,416 tons, and by river, 783,256 tons; total 1,938,672 
tons. 

Banks and Bankers. — For the following statement of the banks of 
this city, on January ist, 1874, we are indebted to Mr. E. Chase, manager 
of the Clearing House : Number of banks in the city 60, of which 
7 were national banks, whose circulation was $3,679,440. Aggregate 
capital and surplus of 60 banks, $19,176,595; saving deposits, $14,214,- 
477; current deposits, $22,172,299; aggregate deposits, $36,386,777; 
loans and discounts, $40,886,211 ; and cash and exchange, $12,109,420. 

The St. Louis Clearing House Association, was formed December, 
1868, and includes in its membership nearly all the banks of the 
city. The amount of clearing for the year ending May ist, 1874, was 
$1,107,414,677 ; and of balances during the same period $128,785,578. 

Insurance. — The abstract of Jan. 1874, of the Supt. of Insurance, 
shows that of the 15 joint stock fire and marine insurance companies of 
Missouri, 12 are located in St. Louis, and have $1,971,515 paid up capi- 
tal and gross assets, including stock notes of $3,182,928. Of the 18 
mutual fire insurance companies of Missouri, 16 are located in St. Louis, 
and their gross assets are $5,000,000. St. Louis has also a number of 
first-class life insurance companies doing a good business. 

There are also many companies from other States, and a number from 
foreign countries doing business in St. Louis. 

Live Stock. — The additional facilities for transportation that the 
opening of the bridge furnishes, must undoubtedly give great impetus 
to this branch of the city's trade. 

The statistics for 1873 are as follows: Receipts of cattle, 279,678; 
sheep, 86,434 ; and of hogs, 973,512. The shipments from the city, were 
of cattle, 180,662; sheep, 11,90.2; and of hogs 224,873. 

Iron. — This most important interest is represented by many millions 
of capital, and gives employment to many thousands of men. There are 
in the city and vicinity six rolling mills with an aggregate capital of 



5^4 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 




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ST. LOUIS. 565 

^2,500,000, employing 2,255 hands, and producing 90,000 tons annually. 

There are eight furnaces (located in the southern part of the city,) 
one of which is claimed to be the largest west of Pittsburg. These fur- 
naces have an aggregate capital of about $2,500,000, and employ about 
1,500 hands. The yield for 1873, ^'^ 90,000 tons, but their annual 
capacity is about 150,000 tons. 

The Foundries and Machine Shops of St. Louis, in importance, 
exceed those of every other city in the West and South-west, and com- 
pare favorably with those of any city in the country. There are 15 
foundries and machine shops, having a capital of $1,750,000, and em- 
ploying 1,200 hands. 

The manufacture oi stoves has grown to be an important interest. Up 
to the close of 1843 ^ ^he stoves sold in this market were brought from 
the East. The foundry of Bridge, Beach & Co. (then Bridge & Bro. ,) went 
into operation in the fall of 1837, and now there are six large establish- 
ments exclusively devoted to the manufacture of stoves, with an aggregate 
capital of $1,500,000, which turned out in 1873, 115,000 stoves, and 
have 1,150 hands constantly employed. Their shipments were not only 
to the north, south and west of our own country, but to New Zealand and 
South America, and some even to Germany and England. 

There is i manufactory of stamped }apan, tin and iron wares, where 
work of excellent quality is done. 

The following statistics relate to iron and hardware : Receipts during 
1873, of nails, 266,028 kegs; iron ore, 349,357 tons; pig iron, 61,088 
tons; railroad iron, 112,534 bars; of hardware, 328,396 packages; of 
manufactured iron and steel, 171,934 bdls., 211,587 pieces and 12,408 
tons. The shipments from the city during 1873 were, of iron ore, 
179,079 tons, and of pig iron, 57,571 ions. 

Lead. — The statistics for 1873 o^ this important and growing interest, 
are as follows: Receipts, 356,037 pigs; consumption by the shot tower 
and white lead manufacturers, 255,938 pigs; shipments, 216,040 pigs. 
In the manufacture of white lead, St. Louis now stands as third ; New 
York and Boston alone exceeding it. 

Zinc. — This mineral is rapidly assuming an important position among 
the productions of the State. The receipts of zinc ore at St. Louis 
during 1873, were 5,970 tons. 43,598 slabs of zinc were shipped from 
the city during 1873. There are 3 zinc mills located in the southern 
part of the city, doing an extensive and growing business. 

Furniture. — About 15 years ago, nearly all the furniture sold in St. 
Louis was shipped from the East ; now there are in the city about 35 
manufactories of this article, producing annually material valued at 
about $1,500,000. The annual sales of furniture, wholesale and retail, are 
about $3,000,000 ; the capital invested, about $1,000,000 ; and the num- 
ber of hands employed , 1000. 



566 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Coal. — Receipts for 1873 were 32,608,795 bushels. 

Brick. — There are about 50 yards in the city and vicinity, making 
about 150,000,000 brick annually. The two largest yards are the Union 
and Hydraulic Companies', which produce annually about 15,000,000 
each. 

Lumber. — This great interest employs about $5,000,000 of capital 
within the city, and two or three times as much more directly tributary 
to the city on the Upper Mississippi, where St. Louis lumber companies 
own from 300,000 to 400.000 acres of land. To prepare the lumber 
for this market, requires 8,000 to 10,000 men (mostly in winter), 30 or 
40 saw-mills, 300 or 400 teams, and from 15 to 20 steamboats for 
moving rafts. 

The annual sales of the 35 yards and 15 planing mills of the city, are 
about 1 70,000,000 feet, which, including sash, door and blinds, represent 
about $6,000,000. 

The statistics for lumber during 1873 ^^^ ^^ follows : Receipts — White 
pine, 151,253,000 feet (of which 142,013,000 feet were by raft); yellow 
pine, 23,340,000 feet; poplar, 11,769,000; and hard woods, 12,512,000; 
and of shingles, 57,111,000; lath, 18,892,000 pieces; white pine logs, 
27,000 (pieces); and hard wood logs, 13,000 (pieces). The shipments 
from the city were, of lumber, 64,360,000 feet; of shingles (including 
local trade), 59,700,250; and of lath (including local trade), 19,314,400 
pieces. 

Carriages. — There are 30 carriage manufactories in the city, employ- 
ing about 500 hands. Their annual sales are about $800,000, and their 
capital about $900,000. 

Wooden Ware. — This branch of trade engages 6 manufactories and 
a capital of about $1,000,000, with annual sales of about $2,500,000. 

loBACCO. — A Tobacco Association was formed two years ago in St. 
Louis, to aid and encourage the growth of tobacco in Missouri and 
adjoining States. In June 1873, a Tobacco Fair and Premium Sale was 
held in the city, at which 462 hogsheads of tobacco were exhibited, and 
$10,000 in premiums were awarded. 

The statistics for tobacco during 1873 ^^^ ^ follows: Receipts, 
19,062 hogsheads, and 54,309 boxes and packages; shipments from the 
city, 14,708 hogsheads, and 252,034 manufactured packages. The 
number of hogsheads consumed in the city was 4,997. 

Cotton Is comparatively a new interest in St. Louis, but has assumed 
immense proportions and is rapidly growing, as the following exhibit will 
show: In 1873 ^^^ St. Louis Cotton Association was formed to promote 
the cotton trade. 

The number of bales received during the cotton year ending Sept. ist, 
1872, was 36,421, of which 16,706 were received for sale in this market, 
the balance going eastward. For the year ending Sept. ist, 1873, the 



ST. LOUIS. 



567 



number of bales received was 59,709, of which 34,215 were sold in St 
Louis. The shipments for the year ending Sept. ist, 1873, were 51,795 
bales, and the city consumption was 5,068 bales. It is safe to say that 
the receipts of cotton during the season of 1874, will amount to 125,000 
bales. There are in St. Louis 2 cotton mills with a capital of ;^65o,ooo, 
and employing 420 hands. There are also several batting manufactories. 




Proprietary Medicines are an important item in the manufactures of 
St. Louis. The extent of this interest may be inferred, when it is known 
that J. H. McLean, M. D., having one of the largest and most widely- 
known establishments in the United States, has, since 1853, built up a 
business which extends over North America and to Europe, employing 
about 20 men and teams on the road, several superintendents in the dif- 
ferent States, and a small steamer (a gem in its way) to supply the towns 
on the rivers and bayous in the south. He publishes annually 9,000,000 
almanacs in 8 languages, the same number of his Floral Book, and 
130,000 monthly of his paper, the Spirit of the Age. This extensive 
business is the result of Dr. McLean employing his medical skill and 
financial ability in the preparation and supply of remedies suitable for 
the use of the millions who cannot readily command medical attend- 
ance at their homes. 

iEMP AND Bagging. — The receipts of hemp and tow during 1873 were 
16,860 bales, and of flax tow, 14,160 bales. The shipments were: of 
hemp, 6,096 bales; of bagging, 84,238 pieces. 

Ale, Beer, Whisky, Etc. — Receipts during 1873: of cider, 1,895 
barrels; of liquor, 27,115 barrels, and 16,222 cases; of highwines, 
18,335 barrels; and of wine, 15,041 barrels and 12,804 boxes and 



568 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

baskets. The shipments were : of ale and beer, 167,495 packages; and 
of whisky, 89,201 barrels. There are 25 breweries in the city, employing 
587 hands, and manufacturing 411,000 barrels of beer annually. Cap- 
ital employed, about $4,000,000. 

Flour and Grain. — The manufacture of flour has been for 30 years 
a leading interest, St. Louis grades having a world wide reputation for 
excellence, and commanding the highest prices. The following are the 
statistics of flour: Number of barrels received during 1873, 1)296,457; 
number of barrels manufactured during 1873, i>42o,287; number of 
barrels shipped from the city during 1873, 2,506,215; and the number 
of barrels consumed in the city during 1873, 283,983. Number of mills 
in St. Louis, 24. 

The statistics for wheat during 1873 ^^^ ^^ follows : Number of 
bushels received, 6,185,038; number of bushels ground in city mills, 
5,393,032; and number of bushels shipped from the city, 1,210,286. 

The statistics for corn during 1873 ^'"'^ ^^ follows: Number of bushels 
received, 7,701,187; number of bushels consumed in the city, 665,- 
495 ; number of bushels ground into meal, 1,796,428 ; number of bushels 
shipped from the city, 5,260,916. 

The statistics for oats during 1873 are as follows : Number of bushels 
received, 5, 359,853 ; number of bushels consumed in the city, 2,212, - 
168; and number of bushels siiipped from the city, 3,215,206. 

The statistics iox rye during 1873 ^^^ ^s follows : Number of bushels 
received, 356,580 ; number consumed in the city, 255,567; and number 
of bushels shipped from the city, 206,652. 

The statistics for barley during 1873 ^^^ ^^ follows; Number of 
bushels received, 1,158,615; number consumed in the city, 1,117,800; 
and number shipped from the city, 125,604. 

■ The statistics for corn meal ^nxmg 1873 are as follows: Number of 
barrels manufactured, 422,534; number received, 39,278; and number 
shipped from the city, 358,736. 

Elevators. — There are 5 elevators in the city and vicinity, and their 
receipts, including those of the St. Louis Warehouse, were, during 
1873, ^s follows: 3,125,022 bushels of wheat; 5,230,937 bushels of 
corn, 3,227,031 bushels of oats, 549,680 bushels of barley, and 325,679 
bushels of rye; total number of bushels, 12,458,349; number of bar- 
rels of flour received, 95,658; and of grain, 14,956 sacks. 

Provisions and Packing. — This is an important and growing branch 
of the trade of this city. The shipments, particularly to the south, are 
yearly increasing. 

The number of hogs received during 1873 ^^^ 973»5i2; number 
shipped from the city during 1873, 224,873 ; number packed during the 
season of 1872-73, 538,000; with average net weight of 208 pounds. 

The statistics for /<7/->^ during 1873 are asfollows: Receipts, 57,476 bar- 



ST. LOUIS. 569 

Tels, 7,995 casks and tierces, 4,534 boxes, 968 packages, and 1,497,090 
pieces. The exports for 1873 were 105,876 barrels, 34,229 casks and 
tierces, 4,192 boxes, 3,164 packages and 342,565 pieces. 

The statistics for /^a<r^« during 1873 are as follows: Receipts, 9,154 
•casks and tierces, 5,108 boxes and packages, and 97,122 pieces. The 
shipments from the city were 93,899 casks and tierces, 32,288 boxes and 
packages, and 132,104 pieces. 

The statistics for lard during 1873 are ^ follows: Receipts, 22,129 
tierces, 5,968 barrels, 3,159 kegs and 7,399 packages. The shipments 
from the city were 96,976 tierces, 4,958 barrels, 59,820 kegs and 39,863 
packages. 

Groceries. — The following are the statistics for sugar during 1873 • 
Receipts, 33,532 hogsheads, 35,314 barrels, 50,656 boxes, and 19,735 
l»ags. The shipments were 3,566 hogsheads, 152,198 barrels, and 
25,168 bags. 

The statistics for molasses during 1873 ^^^ ^s follows: Receipts, 

15,842 barrels, 241 one-half barrels, 6,548 kegs and 1,1 11 hogsheads. 

The shipments were 19,251 barrels, 6,037 one-half barrels, and 20,472 kegs. 

The statistics for coffee during 1873 ^^^ = Receipts, 142,963 bags, and 

shipments, 142,778 bags. 

Of rice, during 1873, 3,225 sacks and 7,772 barrels were received, and 
12,019 packages were shipped. 

Wool, Hides and Pelts. — The statistics for 1873 ^^^ ^ follows: 
Wool, receipts, 17,806 packages; shipments, 17,915 bales. Hides, 
receipts, 165,917 pieces and 83,234 bundles; shipments, 102,252 pieces 
and 158,162 bundles. Felts, receipts, 15,158 bundles. 

Potatoes and Onions. — The receipts during 1873 o^ potatoes, were 
81,911 sacks; 35,820 barrels; and 450,955 bushels in bulk ; shipments, 
153,893 sacks and barrels. The receipts of onions were 8,062 sacks, and 
14,494 barrels; shipments, 20,390 sacks and barrels. 

Hay. — The receipts during 1873 were 272,761 bales; the shipments 
were 136,314 bales. 

'eans. — The receipts during 1873 ^^^^ 3*467 sacks and 6,827 barrels; 
.shipments, 8,766 packages. The receipts of castor beans were 18,988 
sacks; shipments, 11,167 sacks. 

Salt. — The receipts of this article during 1873 were 379,699 barrels, 

and 149,861 sacks ; the shipments were 230,939 barrels and 35,978 sacks. 

Dry Goods. — The immense wholesale trade of the city is represented 

by the following approximate figures : Capital invested, $9,000,000 ; 

annual sales, $32,000,000; and number of hands employed, 600. 

In the retail dry goods trade, which is also large, the annual sales are 
about $6,000,000. 

Boots and Shoes. — The wholesale trade of the city is very extensive, 
the annual sales amounting to about $12,000,000. Amount of capital 



570 



CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 



invested, about 54>ooo>ooo ; number of hands employed, 450, of whom 
200 are in the 3 manufactories. 89,605 cases of boots and shoes were 
received during the year. The shipments were included under the item 
of merchandise. The retail trade is also quite extensive. The annual 
sales being about $1,800,000, the capital employed about $500,000, and 
the number of hands about 750 

Clothing. — The annual sales of the wholesale trade are variously- 
estimated from $5,000,000 to $7,000,000, on a capital of about 
$2,500,000. 

Drugs. — The annual sales in the wholesale trade of the city are about 
$4,500,000 on a capital of about $1,500,000. There are about 150 
retail drug stores in the city whose annual sales are about $1,500,000. 

Hats and Caps. — The annual sales of the wholesale trade amount 
to about $3,000,000. The capital employed is about $1,000,000, and 
the number of hands, about 150. 

China, Glass and Queensware. — The wholesale trade has a capital 
invested of about $900,000, employing 250 hands ; and the annual sales- 
are about $1,500,000. There are 4 glass factories, whose annual product 
is valued at about $300,000. 

Jewelry. — The annual sales of the wholesale and retail trade of the 
city are from $2,500,000 to $3,000,000 on a capital of about $1,500,000. 




LUCAS market. 




Samuel M. Dodd. Jambb G. Brown. 

DODD, BROWN & COMPANY'S BUILDING, 
418, 420, 422, 424 and 426 North Fifth Street, St. Louis. 



572 



CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 



St. Paul. — See Sherman, 

Sappington, a p. o. 4}^ miles s. of Kirkwood, on the Gravois Rock 
Road, contains 3 stores, i M. E. Ch. South and i public school. 

Sherman, (St. Paul,) on the M. P. R. R. 24 miles from St. Louis, 
contains 2 stores, i public school, and i blacksmith and wagon shop. 

Sutton, on the M. P. R. R. 7^ miles from St. Louis. 

Taylorwick, on the M. P. R. R. 3}^ miles from St. Louis, contains 
I store and i M. E. Ch. South. The celebrated Shaw's Botanical Gar- 
den is one half mile south of this station. 

Webster Groves, on the M. P. R. R. 10 miles from St. Louis, has 
3 stores, 2 churches — Presbyterian and Congregational, aggregate value 
about ^20,000, I good public school, value about ^10,000, and i soldiers' 
orphan asylum. Population, about 1,000. 




ONE OF MESSRS. CONNON & CO. S GREEN HOUSES. 



At this place is located the extensive and attractive grounds of 
Messrs. Connon & Co., florists. They have 8 large and beautiful green- 
houses in which they propagate and exhibit a great array of choice, new 
and standard varieties of flowers and plants which they ship on order to 
all parts of the North, South and West. They make a specialty of roses, 
having all the leading varieties. Their St. Louis office is at 507 North 
Fourth Street. 

W^oodlawn, on the M. P. R. R. 13 miles from St. Louis, is surrounded 
by fine residences. 

Yeatman, a. p. 0. on the M. P. R. R. 26 miles from St. Louis. 



SALINE COUNTY^ 

In the north-west-central part of the State, is bounded north by the Mis- 
souri River, which separates it from Carroll and Chariton, east by 
Chariton and Howard, from which it i& separated by the Missouri River 
and Cooper County, south by Cooper and Pettis, west by Lafayette and 
Carroll, separated from the latter by the Missouri River, and contains 
458,095 acres. 

Population in 1830, 2,873; i^^ 1840, 5,258; in 1850, 8,843; in 
i860, 14,699; in 1870, 21,672, of whom 17,918 were white, and 3,754 
colored; 11,307 male, and 10,365 female; 20,677 native (12,712 born in 
Missouri), and 995 foreign. 

History. — As early as 1725, the Missouri Indians had a town on the 
bank of the river, in this county, opposite Fort Orleans, but it had been 
abandoned and the fort destroyed at the time of Lewis and Clarke's expe- 
dition to the Pacific in 1804. The first settlements were made in 1810, 
in the vicinity of Arrow Rock, chiefly by emigrants from Virginia, Ten- 
nessee and Kentucky. As seems to have been the custom of all the 
western pioneers, these first settlers located in the timber, regarding the 
prairie land as comparatively worthless. So large a portion of this 
county being prairie, it was believed that it could never be very densely 
populated, and the opinion was entertained that Congress ought to encour- 
age the growth of timber by ceding prairie lands to persons willing to 
plant trees. Some such bill as this was brought before Congress, but 
meeting with opposition, was abandoned. 

Saline County was organized from Cooper, Nov. 25th, 1820, and its 
boundaries established Jan. 12th, 1829. The first court was held at Old 
Jefferson, on the Missouri River, a short distance below the present site 

of Cambridge, David Todd was the first judge, and Chambers 

the first clerk ; subsequently the county seat was removed to Jonesboro, 
and later to Marshall. Prior to 1830, Dr. John Sappington was the only 
physician in the county. From 1840 to i860. Saline advanced steadily 
in population and wealth. A large number of slaves were brought from 
Virginia and Kentucky, and employed in the culture of hemp and tobacco. 

For the Mexican War, this county furnished one company, John W. 
Reid commanding, which formed a part of Col. Doniphan's regiment, 
and distinguished itself by storming a Mexican battery at Chihuahua. 
During the late Civil War, the sympathies of the great majority of the 
people were with the Confederate States, but the county furnished recruits 
for both armies. An engagement occurred at Marshall, October 1863, 



582 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

between Gen. Shelby (Confederate) and Gen. Brown (Federal), the 
former having but 800 men, while his opponents numbered 1,600, After 
considerable cannonading and firing with small arms, during which there 
were but few casualities on either side, Gen. Shelby made a successful 
retreat. In the autumn of 1864, Gen. Price, with his command, passed 
through the central part of Saline, and camped for a few days on the 
Salt Fork, between Marshall and Waverly, while a portion of his men 
marched to Glasgow to co-operate with the Confederates in taking that 
place. Although greatly disturbed by the war, Saline suffered much less 
than many of the other counties. 

This county has furnished a number of distinguished citizens: Gen. 
John S. Marmaduke, of the Confederate service. Gov. M. M. Marmaduke 
and Gov. C. F. Jackson were for many years residents of Saline. Wm. B. 
Napton, judge of the Supreme Court, is and has long been, one of her 
honored citizens. 

Physical Features. — The Missouri River forms the entire northern 
boundary; its bottom lands, from i to 4 miles in width, are very heavily 
timbered, and back of these are the bluffs, rugged, and irregular in out- 
line. A portion of them, known as the Pinnacles, rise to about 150 feet, 
and the Devil's Backbone is exceedingly precipitous on the northern side. 
The view of the Petit Osage Plain, from this ridge, is very fine. This 
plain, usually called Petit Saw, is in the north-western part of the county, 
about 80 feet above the river bottom, and embraces from 12 to 15 thou- 
sand acres of wonderful fertility. The center of it is somewhat depressed, 
while the outer portion is sufficiently undulating to insure good drainage. 
A great portion of the remainder of the county is undulating prairie, with 
a deep, rich soil underlaid with a porous subsoil, which, with a proper 
rotation of crops, will never wear out. In the western part it has a slight 
admixture of sand, and is of alight brown color, while in the central and 
southern portions, it is a deep black loam, and on the bluffs and streams 
it is not so deep, but is very productive. 

The best growth of timber, which consists of the various oaks, also 
walnut, buckeye, pecan, elm, ash, etc., is found in the Missouri Bottom, 
and on the Black Water River and Saline Creek, but a little that is good 
may be found skirting all of the streams, and on some of the bluffs. So 
well have the settlers protected the timber, that there is more now in the 
county than there was 30 years ago. 

Black Water is the chief stream, and flows across the southern portion, 
receiving on the north, Davis, Finney and Salt Fork ; this last named 
stream flows through the entire central portion, but in dry seasons it is 
excessively brackish, being fed by salt springs. There are also numerous 
small streams in the north and east, which find their way to the Missouri, 
but there is little or no water power, as all of the streams of the county 
are sluggish. 



SALINE COUNTY. 583 

Fresh and salt water springs abound ; of the latter, the Big Salt Spring, 
6 or 7 miles west of Marshall, is the most remarkable. It is circular, 
about 70 feet in diameter, and discharges a sufficient amount of salt water 
to run a medium-sized mill. 

At an early day, salt was manufactured in a rude way in several local- 
ities, and also in small quantities during the Civil War, and it is believed 
that capital and enterprise will ultimately make these springs a source of 
great wealth. 

There are several mineral springs remarkable for their medicinal prop- 
erties, chief of which are Sweet Spring, near Brownsville, McAllister, on 
Black Water, and Sulphur Spring on Cow Creek. 

Agricultural Productions. — Hemp was formerly the great staple, but 
it has given place to corn and wheat. The soil is well adapted to barley, 
oats and rye, also to fruits, especially to the smaller varieties, and to 
apples, which grow in great perfection. Hungarian grass and millet are 
extensively grown, as are also blue grass, clover and timothy. Stock- 
raising is an important industry, and large numbers of cattle are brought 
here from Texas and Colorado, and fed through the winter. Numbers 
of mules and hogs are shipped annually. 

Tobacco is cultivated to some extent in the north-eastern part, the 
bluff lands being peculiarly adapted to it. 

Mineral Resources. — Bituminous coal is found in nearly every 
portion of the county, and there are some fine deposits of cannel coal 
near Arrow Rock. In this same vicinity, lead and iron are now success- 
fully mined, and there are indications of zinc and copper. The lime- 
stone found at Miami is susceptible of a fine polish, and sandstone of 
good quality exists in numerous places. 

The Manufacturing Interests are exceedingly limited, and con- 
sist of I woolen-mill, i shingle factory and planing-mill, and a few shops 
and grist-mills. 

^Vealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^13,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The Lexington Branch of the Missouri Pacific R. R. has 
1^2. miles in the south-western corner of the county. Some grading has 
been done on the line of the Keokuk & Kansas City R. R. in this county, 
and it is thought that it will be completed in 1874. 

The Exports are live stock, wheat, corn, fruits, etc. 

Educational Interests. — Public schools are established in every part 
of the county, and there are also excellent private schools. Of the 8,450 
children of school age, about 6,000 have attended school during the past 
year (1873). Value of school property about $75,000. 

Arrow Rock, the earliest settled town in the county, situated on the 
Missouri River, 15^ miles e. s. e. of Marshall, is surrounded by a fertile 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $7,601,405. Taxation, %i per $100. Bonded debt, ^19,000. Bonded 
debt of Marshall Township, ^40,000; of Salt Pond and Libeity, $35,000. 



584 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MLSSOURL 

and well cultivated- country for which it is the shipping point. It has 4 
churches — M. E. Ch. South, Cumberland Presbyterian, Presbyterian, and 
I African, 2 schools, i bank, 2 mills and about 23 stores. Population, 
about 900. There is a good steam ferry at this point. 

Brownsville, (Sweet Springs,) on the Lexington Branch of the M. 
P. R. R., 22^ miles n. w. of Sedalia and 20 miles s. w. of Marshall, is 
an important shipping point. It contains 2 banks, 40 stores, 2 mills, 
3 churches — Presbyterian, M. E. Ch. South and Reformed, good schools 
and a population of about 1,000, Sweet Springs, remarkable for their 
medicinal virtues, are situated about i mile s. e. of this place. 

Cambridge, situated on the Missouri River, 22 miles n. e. of Mar- 
shall, and 12 miles from Dalton, Chariton County, (on the St. L. K. C 
& N. R. W.,) was settled in 1846 and incorporated in 1857. This town 
has fine timber, excellent quarries of sandstone and limestone, and good 
coal in its immediate vicinity, and is surrounded by a wealthy agricultural 
community. It contains 2 churches — M. E. Ch. South and Union Ch., 
3 schools, 2 mills, i tobacco and i wagon and plow factory, 8 stores, 6 
warehouses, and a population of about 500. There were 500 hhds. of 
tobacco, 300 bales of hemp, 150,000 bushels of wheat and a large number 
of hogs and cattle shipped from this point in 1873. The K. & K. C> 
R. R. will cross the Missouri River at this point, and will give this town 
increased shipping facilities. 

Centerville, 6 miles n. e. of Marshall, has i store. 

Elm Wood, 14 miles s. w. of Marshall, and about 10 miles n. of 
Brownsville, is surrounded by a fertile country, and has 4 stores and seve- 
ral shops. Population, about 100. 

Fairville, 10 miles n. w. of Marshall, has i school-house, 2 stores and 

3 shops. 

Herndon, a post-office 10 miles s. w. of Marshall. 
Jonesboro, on Salt Fork, 9 miles s. e. of Marshall, has i store and i 
church — Baptist. 

Laynesville, on the Missouri River, 13 miles n. w. of Marshall, and 

4 miles s. of Wakanda, Carroll County, (on the St. L. K. C. &N. R.W.,) 
was settled in 1870, and is the shipping point for the Petit Osage Plains, 
It has 2 churches — M. E. Ch. and M. E. Ch. South, i school, i flouring 
and I saw-mill, 5 stores, several shops, and warehouse capacity for 90,000 
bushels of grain. Population, about 250. 

Malta Bend, situated on the Petit Osage Plains, 12 miles w. of Mar- 
shall, and 8 miles s. of Wakanda, Carroll County, was named for the 
steamer Malta which was sunk in the bend of the Missouri River about 3 
miles from the site of the village. It was laid off in 1865 and has i M. 
E. Church, i public school, i nursery and a population of about 250. 

MARSHALL, the county seat, 20 miles n. e. of Brownsville, was 
settled in 1840, named in honor of Chief- Justice Marshall, and incor- 



SALINE COUNTY. 585 

porated in 1870. It is pleasantly situated and regularly laid out about a 
handsome public square which surrounds a substantial court-house worth 
about ;^4o,ooo. It has 3 banks, 2 mills, about 45 stores, 5 schools and 9 
churches — Catholic, O. S, Presbyterian, M. E. Church, M. E. Church 
South, Cumberland Presbyterian, Baptist, Reformed and 2 churches for 
colored people (total value of church property ^50,000). The Saline 
Central Agricultural Association holds its annual exhibition about i mile 
from the town, where it has handsomely improved grounds. 

The Saline County Stock Exchange also holds monthly sales of live 
stock at Marshall. On the completion of the Keokuk & Kansas City R. 
R. this town will have direct communication with all the great markets 
of the country, and its trade will, doubtless, be greatly increased. Pop- 
ulation, about 1,400. 

Miami, on the Missouri River 17 miles n. w. of Marshall and i^ miles 
s. e. of Miami Station, Carroll County, (on the the St. L., K. C. & N. 
R. W.) was settled in 1840 and incorporated in 1850. It is built on a 
rugged bluff but has an excellent landing, and ships more grain and stock 
than any other town in the county. It has 3 churches — Baptist, M. E. 
Ch. South and Reformed, i public school, 3 mills, 28 stores, i nursery, 3 
large brick ware-houses and a population of about 800. The Saline 
County Agricultural and Mechanical Association holds its annual meet- 
ings near the town. There is a steam ferry across the Missouri River at 
this point. 

New Frankford, on the Missouri River 22 miles n. e. of Marshall 
and 6 miles s. of Dalton, Chariton County, (on the St. L., K. C. & N. 
R. W.) was settled by a colony of Germans in 1838, incorporated in 1862 
and re-incorporated in 1872. This town has an area of 800 acres, and is 
divided into lots 60 by 100 feet. It has 3 churches — Catholic, Methodist 
and Presbyterian, 2 private schools, 2 mills, 8 stores and several shops. 
Excellent coal is found in this vicinity. Population about 500. 

Petra, a post-office 10 miles n. n. e. of Marshall. 

Ridge Prairie, a post-office 15 miles s. e. of Marshall. 

Saline City, on the Missouri River 18 miles e. of Marshall, has 2 
stores, I mill and several shops. This is the contemplated crossing of 
the Louisiana & Missouri River R. R. 

South Grove, a post-office 11 miles s. w. of Marshall, 

Sweet Springs. — See Brownsville. 



SCHUYLER COUNTY, 

In the northern part of the State, is bounded north by Iowa, east by 
Scotland County, south by Adair, and west by the Chariton River, which 
separates it from Putnam County, and contains 195,655 acres. 

Population in 1850, 3,287; in i860, 6,697; in 1870, 8,820, of 
whom 8,806 were white, and 14 colored; 4,499 male, and 4,321 female; 
8,500 native (4,048 born in Missouri) and 320 foreign. 

History, — This county was settled in 1836 by David Floyd, Judge 
Samuel Eason, Jefferson Fulcher, John Davis and Joseph Bradburn, and 
organized Feb. 14th, 1845, since which time it has grown steadily, except 
during the Civil War, when, like so many other counties in the State, it 
was injured to some extent by the contending forces. Two or three 
skirmishes occurred, some of its citizens were murdered, and a few churches, 
barns and houses burned. The restoration of peace brought a return of 
prosperity. 

Physical Features. — The "Grand Divide" cuts the county north 
and south, near its western side. The land lying between the "Divide" 
and the Chariton River, 3 to 5 miles in width, is rather broken and 
covered with a dense growth of white, burr, pin, Spanish, black and post 
oak, hickory, elm, hackberry, linn, walnut, black-ash and birch. The 
Chariton River runs through a rich alluvial bottom, much of it stretching 
away into level or gently undulating prairie, peculiarly suited to the 
grasses; blue grass spontaneously taking the place of prairie grass. The 
county is watered on the west by Chariton, flowing south with its tribu- 
taries of Lick, Elm, Lost and some smaller creeks, which flow in a south- 
westerly direction ; in the south-center are the head-waters of Salt River ; 
and in the east and south-east, North Fabius, Bridge Creek, Fabius and 
South Fork of Middle Fabius. These streams are bordered with rich 
bottom lands timbered with burr oak, linn, hickory and walnut, with 
occasionally small prairies. The "divides" between these streams are 
mainly level or rolling prairie, and are peculiarly suited for grasses, oats, 
rye, corn and spring wheat; winter wheat doing better on the rolling tim- 
ber land. The proportion of timber and prairie is about equal — the 
former slightly predominating, as it is constantly encroaching on the latter. 

Agricultural Productions. — Grass, corn, wheat and oats are the 
main crops, timothy, clover and blue grass succeeding admirably. Pota- 
toes are cultivated quite largely. At least ^ of the land is arable, and 
probably one-fifth in actual cultivation. 

The Mineral Resources are, so far as known, bituminous coal. 



588 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL 

potters' clay, quarries of lime and sand rock, and some faint traces of 
lead. The coal measures underlie the entire county, and there are in the 
western part 5 seams, varying from i to 4j^ feet in thickness, cropping 
out on the bluffs of the Chariton River, These coal veins have been 
known ever since the first settlement of the county, and in two or three 
places were slightly worked 20 years ago — only sufficiently, however, to 
supply the demands of their immediate neighborhoods, until the building 
of the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., and later the M., I. & N. R. R. 
created a larger demand, and afforded means of exportation for some of 
the surplus. It is not yet shipped in any considerable quantities. Capital 
to operate the mines is much needed, and would prove a good investment. 
Potters' clay, of seemingly good quality, is found in the same region. 

The Manufacturing Interests are confined to 2 merchant flouring- 
mills, I woolen factory, i foundry and machine shop, i manufactory of 
spokes, hubs, plows, wagons and shaped timber, besides numerous saw and 
grist-mills. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county, per census of 1870, ^8,550,000.* 

Railroads. — The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W. has 2c 
miles, and the Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska R. R. 23 miles of track in the 
county. The railroad debt, included in the above statement, is about 
$175,000. 

The Exports are horses, cattle, hogs, sheep, wheat, rye, potatoes, 
hay, hoops, hoop-poles, staves, lumber and coal. 

Educational. — There are about 55 public school-houses in the county, 
generally good frame buildings, and well attended. Also i graded school, 
employing 4 teachers, with an attendance of about 100 scholars, and a 
good select school at Glenwood. 

Cherry Grove, (Downing), on the M. I. & N. R, R., 10 miles east 
of Lancaster, named after Henry Downing, who originally owned the 
ground, contains 3 stores, and i plow factory. Population, about 80. 

Clifton, 6 miles s. e. of Lancaster, has 2 mills, 2 cooper, and 2 car- 
penter shops. 

Coats ville, on the S. L. K. C. & N. R. W., 4 miles n. of Griffin, on 
the Iowa Line, 10 miles n. w. of Lancaster, contains i church — Metho- 
dist Episcopal — I school-house, 9 stores, and i saddler's shop. Popula- 
tion about 175. 

Downing (See Cherry Grove.) 

Glenwood, on the St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 2 miles w. of Lancas- 
ter, is a thriving town of about 500 inhabitants. It has i woolen fac- 
tory, I flouring-mill, i foundry and machine shop, 15 stores, 2 churches 
— Congregational and Methodist — i school-house, i newspaper — The 
Criterion — Cutler & Wilcox, editors and publishers. The town was 

♦Assessed valuation for 1873, ^'.726,704. Bonded debt, $188 o»o. Floating debt, |i5,ooo. 



SCHUYLER COUNTY. 589 

located in 1869, and incorporated in 1870; it presents a flourishing ap- 
pearance, and is surrounded by a good farming country. 

Greentop, on the S. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 16 miles south of Grififin, 
founded in 1855 and incorporated in i860, has a population of 200, and 
■contains i school-house, 8 stores, i hotel, i furniture and i wagon, shop. 

Griffin, at the junction of the S. L., K. C. & N. R. W., with the 
M., I. & N. R. R., 230 miles from St. Louis and 5 miles w. of Lancas- 
ter, was named in honor of A. L. Griffin, Asst. Gen. Supt. of the M. I. 
& N. R. R, It has i store and i school-house. 

LANCASTER, the county seat, on the M. I. & N. R. R., 61 miles 
W. of Alexandria, was located in 1845 ^7 James Lusk, the first represent- 
ative from the county, and was incorporated in 1856. The court-house, 
costing $1^,000, was built in 1858. In 1872 the town rallied from the 
effects of the late war, since which time the population and business have 
rapidly increased. The town contains, besides the county buildings, i 
mill, 2 hotels, 18 stores, i weekly newspaper — The Excelsior, published 
by Dysart & Miller; 2 churches — Christian and Methodist Episcopal; 
and the Lancaster Academy, costing ^5,000. There are 3 stores, i lum- 
ber yard, 2 carpenter, i cabinet, i saddler, i harness, and 2 wagon shops. 
Population about 700. The Schuyler County Agricultural and Stock 
Companies* fair grounds of 53 acres, well improved, are located here. 
Good water can be found at depths from 8 to 40 feet, coal is convenient, 
and the town is surrounded by a good farming country. 

Queen City, on the S. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 12 miles s. of Griffin 
and 8 miles s. of Lancaster, located in 1868, and incorporated in 1870, 
contains about 200 -inhabitants, 9 stores, i church — M. E. ; i [school- 
house, I mill, and i hotel. It is a handsome town, situated in a fine 
farming country, with which it has an excellent trade. 

Toennia, a post-office 6^ miles s. e. of Queen City. 



SCOTLAND COUNTY, 

In the north-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by the State of 
Iowa, east by Clark County, south by Knox, and west by Adair and 
Schuyler Counties, and contains 278,748 acres. 

Population in 1850, 3,782; in 1860,8,873; in 1870, 10,670, of 
whom 10,541 were white, and 129 colored; 5,487 male, and 5,183 female; 
10,381 native (5,196 born in Missouri), and 289 foreign. 

History. — The adventurous spirit of one, David Cooper, led him to 
settle in this county in the spring of 1833, while it was yet the hunting 
ground of the Fox and Sioux Indians, who were shortly after removed 
westward, leaving the new settlers in peaceable possession. Cooper made 
his home at a place near the southern confines of the county, now known 
as Sand Hill. He was soon followed by others, and "Cooper's Settle- 
ment ' ' became quite an important point to the settlers in the valleys 
of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. The first event that occurred 
to disturb the quiet of the new community, was in 1839, which grew 
out of the dispute between Iowa and Missouri, in reference to the State 
Line. The citizens along the border of each State organized them- 
selves into armed forces to resist the supposed invasion of their respective 
rights, and for a time a bloody conflict seemed inevitable ; but happily 
wisdom prevailed, the dispute was peaceably settled, and the contestants 
retired to their homes. 

The population having become sufficiently increased by immigration, 
the county was organized from part of Lewis, Jan. 29th, 1841, with the 
provision that "the circuit and county courts of said county shall be 
holden at the dwelling of Abraham B. Cummings, until the permanent 
seat of justice is established, or the county court shall otherwise decree." 
The first term of the court convened July 26th, 1841, Hon. P. H. 
McBride presiding, and Major James L. Jones sheriff. In September 
1843, Obadiah Dickenson, John Lear and Matthew Given were appointed 
commissioners to select the county seat, and they decided upon the spot 
where Memphis now stands, giving the new town its present name. 
Emigrants came from the north, south and east, in large numbers, each 
one bringing his portion to swell the sum total of wealth, and his sec- 
tional prejudices to help form political opinions; consequently, in i860, 
the population were about equally divided concerning the great questions 
of that day. 

The engagement of Pierce's Mill was fought in the county, July i8th 
1862, at the crossing of the Fabius River, on the Memphis & Kirksville 



592 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

road, between 500 Federal troops under Major Clupper, and 200 Con- 
federates under Col. Joseph Porter, which resulted in the repulse of the 
former, with the heavy loss of 20 killed and 69 wounded. The Confed- 
erate loss was very small, they being in ambush and surprising their 
antagonists. This battle, in which so many lives were lost, produced 
much sorrow and excitement, but not the indignation and bitterness 
which the assassination of Hon. Thos. S. Richardson aroused. Mr. Rich- 
ardson, then judge of the 4th judicial circuit, fearlessly expressed himself 
as in sympathy with the Confederates. He was arrested and wickedly 
assassinated, probably by some coward too timorous to . openly fight on 
either side. 

Physical Features. — The surface of the county is undulating, and 
is about two-thirds prairie and one-third timber and bottom, all of it 
being susceptible of high cultivation. The substratum of the soil is a 
brown clay, technically known as the "bluff formation," while the 
upper stratum is a rich sandy loam. The county is well drained by Little 
Fox, North and South Wyaconda, Bear, Baker, Foreman, North Fabius, 
Indian, Tobin and Middle Fabius Creeks, and South Fork of Middle 
Fabius. These streams all flow from the north-west in a south-easterly 
direction toward the Mississippi River. Timber is still abundant for 
fencing and building purposes, not over one-tenth of the woodlands 
having been cleared. The young growth, added to the old, will probably 
be sufficient for a long time to come, for railroad ties, fencing, building, 
timber and fuel. The principal kinds are oak, hickory, walnut, elm, etc. 

The Agricultural Productions of this county are corn, wheat, 
oats, rye, potatoes, hay, flax, broom-corn, sorghum, sweet-potatoes, buck- 
wheat and navy beans. Blue grass is cultivated and used for pasture with 
excellent success. Sheep-raising is very remunerative and largely engaged 
in by the people. 

Mineral Resources. — In the southern part is a considerable bed of 
limestone from which lime of good quality is made. Indications of coal 
also exist, although no mines have been opened. 

The Manufacturing Interests are not largely developed, although 
there are two first-class flouring-mills and several saw and corn-mills. 
Excellent cheese is made at a factory 2 miles north of Memphis ; also at 
another 10 miles south of the same place. Besides these, there are 2 
woolen factories and 2 plow and 4 wagon manufactories. 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $8,250,000.* 

Railroads. — There are 21 miles of the Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska 
Railroad completed in this county, besides 50 miles of surveyed routes 
for other roads, on which a good deal of the grading has been done. 

The Exports are corn, wheat, tobacco, potatoes and stock. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ;j2,45o,388. Taxation, $2.25 per $\qs>. Bonded debt, ^241,000; float» 
ing debt, $29,000. 



SCOTLAND COUNTY. 593 

Educational Interests.— There are 84 public school buildings, 
making one to every five square miles. The whole number of teach- 
ers employed in the year 1872 was 84; number of scholars, 3,909. 

Arbela, 8 miles e. of Memphis on the M. I. & N. R. R., contains 4 
stores, a hotel, a harness shop, a steam-mill, school-house and church. 

Bible Grove, a post-office 13 miles s. w. of Memphis. 

Etna, 4 miles s. of Arbela, contains 3 stores, i steam saw and grist- 
mill, I school-house, i hotel and 2 churches, — i belonging to the German 
Lutherans. 

Greasy. — See Middle Fabius. 

Hitt, a post-office 10 miles n. w. of Memphis. 

Jordan, a post-office 15 miles n. e. of Memphis. 

MEMPHIS, the county seat, is situated on the North Fabius, 
near the center of the county, and on the M. I. & N. R. R. It was first 
settled in 1838, and incorporated as a town June 7th, 1870. At that 
time it had a population of 1,007; the estimated increase since then 
exceeds 500. Memphis is an important trading point for that part of the 
country. It supports 2 steam grist-mills, i steam saw-mill, i steam wool- 
carding-mill, 2 wagon and plow manufactories, 2 banks, 2 saddle and 
harness shops, 3 livery and sale stables, 19 stores, i barrel factory, 2 
hotels, I public school, and the Scotland County High School — a private 
" institution, 8 churches— 2 Presbyterian, 2 Methodist, i Baptist, i Chris- 
tian, I Congregational and i Catholic, and 3 newspapers — The Reveille, 
C. Jameson, publisher; Conservative, Jno.Gharky, publisher; Scotland 
County News, S. A. Dysart, publisher. 

Middle Fabius, (Greasy,) a post-office 9 miles w. of Memphis. 

Pleasant Retreat, a post-office 8 miles s. of Memphis. 

Prospect Grove, a post-office 10 miles e. n. e. of Memphis. 

Ritter, a post-office 5 miles n. e. of Memphis. 

Sand Hill, 14 miles s. s. e. of Memphis, is the oldest place in the 
:ounty. It contains 2 stores, a school-house and hotel. 

Wyaconda, a post-office 9 miles n. n. e. of Memphis. 



SCOTT COUNTY, 

In the south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Cape Girardeau 
County, east by the Mississippi River which separates it from the State of 
Illinois, south by Mississippi and New Madrid, and west by Stoddard and 
Cape Girardeau Counties, and contains 262,058 acres. 

Population in 1830, 2,136; in 1840, 5,974; in 1850^ 3,182 ; in i860, 
5,247; in 1870, 7,317, of whom 6,991 were white and 326 colored; 
3,886 male and 3,431 female; 6,622 native (3,957 born in Missouri) and 
695 foreign. 

History. — The first settlements were made, near the close of the last 
century, along the Mississippi River and on the King's Road which lay 
between New Madrid and Cape Girardeau, passing through the center of 
the county from north to south. The county was organized from a part 
of New Madrid, Dec. 28th, 1821, and named in honor of Hon. John 
Scott, the first Congressman from Missouri. It then, and until 1845, i"" 
included the present county of Mississippi. Gov. Alex. McNair appointed 
Richard Wastun, Andrew M. Ramsey and Thomas Houts county justices ; 
John P. Rutter, clerk of the circuit court; Jos. A. Hopkins, sheriff; and 
the county court appointed John P. Rutter clerk. The court sessions were 
held in a little old log house in Benton. The early settlers endured the 
usual privations of frontier life, subsisting on "hog and hominy," wild game 
and corn bread, their meal being ground in the old-fashioned horse-mill. 
In 1830 Dr. Thomas Byrne erected a steam corn-mill, near the north-east 
corner of the county, and the people within a radius of 20 or 30 miles, 
hauled their corn in ox-wagons to this mill to be ground. 

Exportation of corn, hogs, cattle, etc., was carried on by means of flat- 
boats, floated down the river to New Orleans. The first shipment of corn 
in sacks by steamboat was made in 1833. 

In August, 1 86 1, Gen, Jeff. Thompson, of the Missouri State Guard 
(Confederate,) entered the county from the west, and was joined by Gen. 
Pillow, moving north from New Madrid. The forces fell back on New 
Madrid in the autumn of the same year, and during the winter of 186 1-2, 
Gen. Pope landed with about 40,000 men, and marched across the country 
to New Madrid to flank the Confederate fortifications at Columbus, Ky., 
and Island No. 10. 

Physical Features. — The northern part of the county is hilly; the 
south and west are level and divided into rich bottom lands and sandy 
plains. The principal streams are the East Fork of White Water, which 
forms part of the western boundary and its affluents, Caney Creek in the 



596 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

north-west being the largest. Bayou St. John is in the south-central part 
of the county. 

The Mississippi Bottoms extend from 3 to 5 miles back from the river, 
and are nearly all dry enough for cultivation. The White Water Bottoms 
are from 4 to 6 miles in width, about one-half arable land, the remainder 
being too wet for present cultivation, but susceptible of drainage. There 
is also a margin of bottom land nearly surrounding the uplands which are 
generally fertile, except a narrow strip, along the bluffs, on the north and 
west, too steep for ordinary cultivation. The sandy plains which are be- 
tween the Mississippi and White Water Bottoms are in some places very 
fertile, in others quite poor, and, like the White Water Bottoms, are in 
alternate sections of dry land and marsh or slough. There are several 
lakes and many cypress swamps in all the lowland parts of the county. 
The marshes are among the best lands, and wifh proper drainage would 
be very productive. Many tracts heretofore considered worthless, now 
produce grass without drainage. 

The county is generally well-timbered, on the hills with white and 
black oak, poplar, sweet gum, etc. ; the bottoms with black walnut, 
white, red, black and burr oak, sweet gum, box-elder and ash, and the 
sandy plains with white, red, black and pin oak, sweet and black gum, 
hickory, elm and cypress, the latter almost exclusively in the marshes. 

The Agricultural Productions on the uplands are wheat, corn, 
rye, barley, oats, apples, pears, peaches and grapes. The bottoms pro- 
duce wheat and corn, also timothy and clover to a limited extent. The 
sandy plains are adapted to corn, tobacco, cotton, small fruits, peaches 
and melons. 

Hon. Thomas Allen owns about 62,000 acres of land in the county 
which he offers for sale on favorable terms. 

The St. L., I. M. & S. R. W. also have about 14,000 acres of land, 
and offer the same on liberal terms.* 

Mineral Resources — On the east, north and west of the uplands, 
limestone and sandstone are found in large quantities. On the north- 
east near Gray's Point is a fine quarry and lime-kiln. On the east and 
west sides of the upland bluffs, a large deposit of mineral paint is found, 
and one of these ochre banks near Sylvania is worked by W. S. Bassett, 
Esq. Iron and lead are thought to exist in the hills, and large quantities 
of bog iron are found in the swamps. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist mainly of a steam flouring- 
mill with cooper shop attached, at Commerce ; a steam stave-mill, cut- 
ting staves for exportation, 4 miles south of Commerce; a pottery 2 miles 
north of Commerce; a lime-kiln at Gray's Point ; a distillery at New Ham- 
burg ; a steam stave-mill with paint and ochre grinding machine attached 
at Sylvania, and 9 steam saw-mills in different localities. 

♦For full particulars, terms, prices, etc., see Appendix- 



SCOTT COUNTY. 597 

Wealth. — ^Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^7, 650,000.* 

Railroads. — The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern R. R. has 22 
miles of track passing through the center of the county from north-west 
to south-east. The Cairo & Poplar Bluff Division of the St. Louis, Iron 
Mountain & Southern R. W. passing through the northern part, has 9 
miles of track. 

The Exports are principally wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn, cotton, 
staves, lumber, ochre, round and hewn timber, hogs and cattle. 

The Educational Interests are in good condition and still im- 
proving. At the close of the Civil War there were few schools worthy of 
the name. Since then, under the energetic administrations of Hon. Smith 
O. Schofield, the late, and John M. Leftwich, the present county super- 
intendent, schools have been rapidly built up. 

There is a flourishing high school at Hamburg under the management 
of the Rev. Father Scherer, of the Catholic Church. 

Benton, 5 miles n. e. of Morley, formerly the county seat, is in the 
midst of a fine wheat-growing country, and has one of the best school- 
houses in the county, also i M. E. Church South, i store, i tannery, i 
carding machine and i carpenter shop. Population, about 150. 

Blodgett, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 5 miles s. e. of Morley, laid 
out in 1868, is a thriving town in a fine agricultural district. It contains 
2 stores, I cotton gin, i grist-mill and i saw-mill, and ships large quanti- 
ties of lumber, timber and corn. Population, about 100. 

Caney Creek, a station on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 8 miles n. w. of 
Morley, is located near the center of a heavily timbered district. The 
lumber produced by 2 saw-mills in the vicinity is shipped from this point. 

COMMERCE, the county seat, 13 miles n. e. of Morley, is on the 
Mississippi River 15 miles below Cape Girardeau. The place was laid 
out in 1822, incorporated Jan. 15th, 1857, and made the county seat in 
1864. The town was of slow growth at first, but within the last 6 years 
the population has trebled, and now numbers 600 in the to\yn proper, 
besides a considerable suburban population. It contains 8 stores, 4 shops, 
4 hotels, 2 stave manufactories, i pottery, i steam grist-mill, 2 churches 
— M. E. Ch. South and i Baptist, and i newspaper — The Dispatch, 
published by Allen & Arnold. A public school-house was built in 1872, 
but was burned the April following, and the school is kept in a building 
rented for the purpose. 

Diehlstadt, on the St. L., L M. & S. R. W., 11 miles s. e. of Morley, 
near the s. e. boundary of the county, was laid out in 1868, and contains 
I store, I church — Baptist, i school-house, i steam cotton gin, i grist- 
mill, and about 100 inhabitants. Near this town is a cypress grove from 
which fine timber is obtained in abundance. A steam saw-mill is now 
being erected at the edge of this grove. 

♦ Assessed valuation for 1873, ^1,841,988. Taxation, ^.10 per $100. The county is out of debt. 



598 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

Haxnburg, (St. Lawrence,) 6 miles n, of Morley, is a German town 
containing about loo inhabitants. It has i hotel, 3 mills, 5 stores, 3 
shops and i church — Catholic. This is built of stone, and said to be one 
of the finest in south-eastern Missouri. The Catholics also have a fine 
school-house with high and primary schools, and about 250 pupils. 

Morley, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 13 miles s. w. of Commerce 
was laid out in 1868, incorporated in 1869 and is now the most important 
town in the county. It is located near the center of the county on level 
ground, at the foot of a range of hills, and is the shipping point for an 
extensive agricultural district. The fine timber and ochre in the vicinity 
invite manufacturers and capitalists. It has i public school, 2 churches — 
Baptist and M. E. Ch. South, 2 hotels, i livery stable, i cotton gin, 
mill, 10 stores and several shops, and i newspaper — The Advance, pub- 
lished by D. L. Hoffman. Population, about 500. 

Price's Landing, on the Mississippi River 10 miles below Commerce, 
is a shipping point and has a store and a warehouse. 

Sand Siding, a station on the St. L., I. M. & S. R.W., 20 miles from 
Cairo and 5 1 miles from Poplar Bluff. 

Sikeston, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 25 miles from Cairo, 46 miles 
from Poplar Bluff and 14 miles from Morley, was laid out in i860 on the 
edge of Big Prairie, in a fine farming district, and is the shipping point 
for much of the produce of New Madrid County as well as its own 
vicinity. It contains 6 stores and about 250 inhabitants. 

St. Cloud, (Sylvania,) on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 4 miles n. w. of 
Morley, in a fine agricultural region, was laid out in 1868, and contains i 
steam stave-cutting and ochre-grinding mill, a fine public school and 2 
stores. Population, about 200. 

St. Lawrence. — See Hamburg. 

Sylvania.— See St. Cloud. 



SHANNON COUNTY, 

In the southern part of the State, is bounded north by Dent and Rey- 
nolds, east by Reynolds and Carter, south by Carter and Oregon, and 
west by Howell and Texas Counties, and contains about 670,000 acres. 

Population in 1850, 1,199; i" i860, 2,284; in 1870, 2,339; o^ 
-whom 2,336 were white, and 3 colored; 1,152 male, and 1,187 female; 
-2,333 native (1,485 born in Missouri) and 6 foreign. 

History. — Probably the first settlers were attracted to this county by 
its great mineral wealth, but although it was explored as early as 1 819 and 
discoveries in copper and iron made, still its mines have been but little 
developed. This county was organized Jan. 29th, 1841, and named for 
Hon. Geo. Shannon. Most of the land was entered in 1858-59, at 12^ 
cents an acre ; previous to which time but few entries were made except 
of the copper lands. 

Seven townships were reserved by the Government as " copper lands," 
and part of these are now subject to entry, at $1.25 per acre. 

During the late Civil War Shannon was over-run by roving bands of 
guerrillas and many inoffensive citizens were murdered. 

The county seat was entirely destroyed, and at the close of the war was 
re-established at the present site of Eminence. 

Physical Features. — The northern and central portions of the county 
are generally broken and hilly, and heavily timbered with oak, pine and 
cedar. The southern portion is high prairie land, interspersed with 
timber, and is not so well watered as the remainder of the county, although 
some fine springs are found and good water may be obtained by digging 
from 30 to 50 feet. Current river enters the north-western corner 'and 
ilows south-eastwardly across the county. Its chief tributaries on the 
north are Sinking, Big and Blair Creeks ; on the south. Jack's Fork of 
Current, which with its tributaries, Delaware, Little Shawnee, Big Shawnee 
and Story's Creeks water the central portion, while Davis' Creek and its 
.several small tributaries water the south-central part. 

The bottoms along these streams are narrow but exceedingly fertile. 
Good water power is furnished by most of these streams and by some of 
the springs. Chief among the latter is the one north of Pine Hill which 
is 80 feet in width, unfathomed as yet, and 20 feet above Spring Valley, 
-which is within 50 feet of the water. A good mill is in operation here. 

Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, rye, oats, potatoes, 
turnips and tobacco. Some portions of the uplands are considered unpro- 



6oo CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

ductive, but no lands in the State exceed in richness the bottoms on the 
streams, and the hill-sides are admirably adapted to the culture of the 
grape ; apples and peaches wherever planted produce abundant crops. 

Mineral Resources. — The county is rich in minerals; containing 
large deposits of hematite and specular iron ores, lead ore, and beds of 
copper of a superior quality. The old copper mines north-east of Emi- 
nence are now being worked witji good results. It is reported that silver 
has been discovered in this county in horn blende and quartz rock, 
associated with magnetic iron ores, but it is as yet undeveloped. 

Manufacturing Interests are only such as are found in a newly 
settled country — 2 flouring and 3 saw mills, and the necessary number of 
blacksmith shops. On Rocky Creek, near an almost perpendicular water- 
fall of 50 feet, is a flouring mill owned and run by Mr. Nicholls, a soldier 
of the war of 181 2, now palsied and a pensioner of the Government. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $1,850,000.* 

Exports. — Wheat, rye, oats, and stock. 

Educational Interests. — A few good school houses have been 
erected, and the Public School system is receiving increased attention. 
Three months is the average school session. 

Birch Tree, a post-office 18 miles s. w, of Eminence. 

Current River, a post-office 26 miles n. w. of Eminence. 

EMINENCE, the county seat, 40 miles s. of Salem, is situated a 
little north of the centre of the county, on Jack's Fork of Current River, 
and is a thriving town. 

Pine Hill, a post-office 10 miles n. w. of Eminence. 

Russell's Hill, a post-office 12 miles e. of Eminence. 

Sinking, a post-office 15 miles n. of Eminence, is situated on a creek 
of the same name, which at this point has been singularly bridged by 
nature. This bridge is a rocky hill, about ^ of a mile in length, the 
arch being sufficiently high to admit the passage of large trees down, the 
stream. 

♦Assessed valuation for 1873,^59,217. Taxation, ^0.80 per ^100. Bonded debt, $y,ooo. Floating 
debt, ^500. 



SHELBY COUNTY, 

In the north-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Knox and 
Lewis Counties, east by Marion, south by Monroe and west by Macon, 
and contains 322,560 acres. 

Population in 1840, 3,056; in 1850, 4,253; in i860, 7,301 ; in 1870, 
10,119, of whom 9,545 were white and 574 colored; 5,273 male and 
4,846 female; 9,580 native (5,546 born in Missouri) and 539 foreign. 

History. — In 1830, Major O. Dickerson settled on Salt River, near 
the Mammoth Bridge on the Shelbina and Shelbyville road. In 1833, 
there were thirty-four families in the county ; those of W. J. Holli- 
day, James Anderson, Nicholas Watkins, James Blackford, Russell W. 
Moss, still living, and Henry Saunders, C. A. Saunders, Samuel Buck- 
ner, George Eaton, Thomas Holman, Levi Dyer, W. B. Broughton, 
Anthony Blackford, Isaac Blackford, Hill Shaw, Henry Musgrove, 
Sr., Henry B. Musgrove, Julius C. Gastnee, John Eaton, John 
Thomas, A. McD. Holliday, Geo. Parker, A. Vandiver, R. Duncan, 
Duncan, Thos. Clemmons, T. J. Bounds, Samuel Bell, Elijah Pepper, 
James Swartz, George Anderson, Major O. Dickerson, Peter Raff and 
King Eaton, who have passed away, but many of their descendants are 
honored citizens of the county. At this date Palmyra was the nearest 
post-office and trading point, but in 1834 W. B. Broughton opened 
a store at his house at Oak Dale, and a post-office was shortly estab- 
lished there. At this same place the first county court was held soon 
after the organization of the county, which took place January 2d, 
1835. The Governor appointed James Foley, Thos. Clemmons and 
Dr. E. A. Wood county justices, T. J. Bounds, clerk, and Robert 
Duncan, sheriff. This first court appointed W. B. Broughton, treasurer, 
and R. W. Moss, assessor. Joseph Hardy of Ralls, A. Lay of Lewis, 
and Elias Kincheloe of Marion, were selected commissioners to locate 
the county seat. The present site of Shelbyville was chosen, and the 
first sale of lots, which brought from $^ to ;gi2o each, took place 
March 31st, 1836. The first election was held the first Monday in 
August 1836, and T. J. Bounds was elected clerk of the county and 
circuit courts; W. J. Holliday, representative; Robert Duncan, sheriff; 
and Thos. Holman, assessor. Court was held August 3d, at the house 
of A, Vandiver, Shelbyville. A court-house was built in 1838, by 
Charles H. Smith and Wade Barton, and it is still in good condition. 
Court was held in it for the first time December 17th, 1838, P. H, 
McBride judge. 

The character of these early settlers was like that of pioneers gener- 
ally. They were hardy, honest and hospitable ; ready for fun, frolic or 



6o2 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

fight. The Indians were not troublesome or numerous, and only visited 
the county on their fall hunts. Occasionally a false alarm would arouse 
the whole neighborhood, but the settlers had no serious trouble with them. 
In 1839 a company was raised, under Capt. Samuel S. Matson, for the 
Mormon War. They started for the scene of action, badly equipped, 
and marched through snow to Keytesville, where they found that their 
services were not needed. The first farms were made in the timber, the 
prairie being apparently unfit for cultivation. Now, the best farms are 
on the prairie. A county fair was instituted in 1838, and 90 bushels of 
corn per acre was claimed by some of the competitors. 

Physical Features. — The face of the county is slightly undulating, 
somewhat broken in the timber, which occupies about one-third of the 
area. There is a small proportion of bottom land along the streams. 
The soil is of uniform quality, well adapted to cereals, but particularly 
to grass, blue grass growing spontaneously and abundantly. The timber 
is abundant, and consists chiefly of oak, but hickory, walnut, maple and 
other hard woods abound. The county is well watered ; in the north- 
east by South Fabius, Tiger Fork and North River ; in the central part 
by Black Creek and North Fork of Salt River ; in the south-east by Ten 
Mile, Crooked and Otter Creeks. These streams traverse the county 
from north-west to south-east. Ponds are easily formed, the clay subsoil 
being impervious to water. The water does not become impure, and is 
healthful for stock. 

The Agricultural Productions are hungarian grass, clover, tim- 
othy, corn, wheat, rye, oats, broom-corn and tobacco. This.isa superior 
grazing country, and stock-raising is made a specialty by many of the 
farmers. There are already several fine herds of blooded stock. 

The Mineral Resources are undeveloped. Coal crops out in the 
bluffs, along the streams ; potters' clay is found ; indications of iron exist, 
and limestone, of excellent quality, is abundant. An undetermined min- 
eral has been found on Black Creek, south of Cherry Box, which has 
been submitted for analysis to several chemists, who have arrived at dif- 
ferent conclusions with regard to it. It has been found to polish iron 
finely, and can also be used as a pencil for writing. 

Manufacturing Interests. — There are 91 manufacturing establish- 
ments, consisting of saw and grist-mills, wagon and plow factories, wool- 
carding machines, cheese factories, etc. 

^A^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $8,850,000.* 

Railroads. — The Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. has 25 miles of track 
crossing the southern part of the county. No railroad debt. 

The Exports are corn, wheat, hay, tobacco and stock. 

Educational Interests. — Public schools are established in every 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, ^3,233,598. Taxation, $1.30 per $100. 



SHELBY COUNTY. 603 

sub-district, and all of the large towns have excellent graded schools, 
with fine school buildings. There are also several private schools which 
prepare students for college. According to the census of 1870, Shelby- 
has the smallest number and the smallest percentage of persons unable 
to read and write, of any county in the State. 

Bethel, 5 miles n. of Shelbyville, and 13 miles from Shelbina, the 
nearest railroad station, was settled in 1845 ^7 Wm. Keil and others, 
who seceded from the Lutheran Church in Pennsylvania, in 1843. 
Wm. Keil, a Prussian by birth, was a man of ability, and soon col- 
lected about him several hundred followers. They are an upright, indus- 
trious class of people, and have been of great advantage to the county. 
Two colonies have gone off from them. Bethel contains a, population 
of about 200, has a good church, a saw and grist-mill, and several stores. 

Cherry Box, a post-office 10 miles n. w. of Shelbyville. 

Crooked Creek, (Lentner,) is a station on the H. & St. J. R. R., 6 
miles w. of Shelbina. 

Clarence, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 12 miles w. of Shelbina, was 
located in 1857. This is an enterprising place, and is the trading point 
for a beautiful and fertile country. It has a Presbyterian church, a com- 
modious public school building, 10 stores and a flouring-mill. Popula- 
tion, about 500. 

Hager's Grove, 10 miles w. n. w. of Shelbyville, and 8 miles n. of 
Clarence, has i store and a saw and grist-mill. 

Hunnewell, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 10 miles e. of Shelbina, was 
located by the railroad company in 1857. It is well situated in a fertile 
■district, and has a good public school, 2 churches — M. E. Ch. South and 
Catholic, I flouring-mill, 10 stores, and a population of about 500. 
This is an important shipping point. 

Lakenan, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 5 miles e. of Shelbina, has i 
store and a pottery. Population, about 40. 

Lentner. — See Crooked Creek. 

Nelsonville, 15 miles n. e. of Shelbyville, contains i store and i church. 

Shelbina, on the H. & St. J. R. R., 47 miles from Hannibal, 8 miles 
s. of Shelbyville, and 23 miles from Macon City, is the chief town. It was 
located by the railroad company in 1857, and now has 5 churches — Pres- 
byterian, M. E. Ch., M. E. Ch. South, Baptist and Christian; aggregate 
cost of buildings, $20,000; i graded public school, i school for colored 
children, 18 stores, i flouring-mill, i carding-machine, i broom-factory, 
2 leaf tobacco warehouses, i cigar factory, i nursery and i newspaper — 
The Shelbina Detnocraf, Rawlings & Hoselton, publishers. This town is 
one of the chief shipping points on the H. & St. J. R. R., and is an im- 
portant wool market. Population in 1870, 1,145. 

SHELBYVILLE, the county seat, near the center of the county, 
and 8 miles n. of Shflbina, was located in 1836, and the court-house was 



6o4 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

built in 1838. The town was incorporated in 1851, and again in 1866, 
and has a population of about 700. It contains 3 churches — Methodist 
Ch. South, M. E. Ch. and Baptist, i graded public school, i public school 
for colored children, i seminary in charge of the M. E. Ch. South, i 
newspaper— 77i<? Shelby County Herald, Wm. Willard, publisher, and 9 
stores. 

West Springfield, a post-office 12 miles n. e. of Shelbyville. 

Walkers ville, situated on the North Fork of Salt River, 5 miles s. s. 
w. of Shelbyville, and 3 miles from Shelbina, has i church — Baptist, a 
saw and grist-mill, and a carding-machine. Population, about 50. 



STODDARD COUNTY, 

In the south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Wayne, Bol- 
linger and Cape Girardeau Counties, east by Scott and New Madrid, 
south by New Madrid, Dunklin and Butler, and west by Butler (from 
which it is separated by the St. Francis River) and Wayne Counties, and 
contains 465,137 acres. 

Population in 1840,3,153; i" 1^50, 4,277; i" 1S60, 7>877; ^ 
1870, 8,535, of whom 8,465 were^ white, and 70 colored; 4,328 male, 
and 4,207 female; 8,471 native (4,457 born in Missouri,) and 64 foreign. 
History.— The first settlement in Stoddard County was made about 
the year 1823, by William Taylor, Peter Cryts and others, near Bloom- 
field. The Indian and the buffalo had not entirely disappeared, and the 
entire region abounded with game of every kind. These early settlers, 
by traffic with the Indians and the product of their own hunts, rapidly 
accumulated wealth and placed themselves and families in the prominence 
which they maintain to this day. Cape Girardeau, 50 miles from Bloom- 
field, was then, and for years after, the nearest accessible trading point. 
Stoddard was organized January 2d, 1835, from portions of the 
then immense counties of Wayne, Cape Girardeau and New Madrid, 
with a white population of not more than 100, and for the next 20 years 
the settlement of the county was very slow ; but in 1853 the " Gradua- 
tion Act " threw the Government Lands into market, and for several 
years immigration was very heavy— mostly from Tennessee, Kentucky, 
Southern Indiana and Illinois. 

In the late Civil War the county was divided in sentiment, the north- 
ern portion remaining loyal to the Federal Government, while the 
southern part espoused the Confederate cause. The result was a state of 
anarchy not exceeded in any of the counties of the South-east. The 
Confederate troops, under Generals Watkins and Thompson, held the 
county from April 1 861 to May 1862, and during this time excesses and 
barbarities were committed which were deprecated by the conservative 
people of both parties. 

Bloomfield was a strategic point of much importance, and many raids 
were made by the Federal troops for the purpose of capturing it. The 
ist Wisconsin Cavalry, under Col. Daniels, succeeded in taking it May 
loth, 1862, but four months later was compelled to evacuate after a sharp 
fight! In 1863 occurred Gen. Marmaduke's (Confederate) raid, and also 
the march of Gen. Davidson's (Federal) command through the county. 
After July 1863, the Federal troops were in possession, except during Gen. 



6o6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL. 

Sterling Price's raid, from September 20th to October 20th, 1864. But 
whether under Federal or Confederate rule, there was no security for life 
or property, and the county was depopulated and laid waste. When 
peace was established, however, the former residents returned, and the 
building of the C. A. & T. R. R. also gave a considerable impetus to 
immigration and improvements of all kinds. 

Physical Features. — The surface of the county is very diversified. 
The entire central part from north to south, embracing one-third of the 
whole area, is elevated and gently rolling, in a few places running into 
broken ridges. White Water River on the eastern, and St. Francis on 
the western boundary, are bordered with broad bottoms. Castor River, 
entering at the north-western corner, breaks through the hills, and enters 
White Water Bottom, imiting with • that river just south of the county 
line. The smaller streams nearly all tend westward, and flow into the 
St. Francis River. The uplands meet the eastern bottom in a series of 
bold bluffs from 60 to 120 feet high, extending in an irregular line north 
and south nearly the whole length of the county. There are innumerable 
springs, some of them of sufficient size for small milling or manufactur- 
ing establishments, and many others remarkable for bursting out nearly 
at the tops of considerable hills. In the space of i mile from the Bloom- 
field court-house, there are probably 100 springs, all free from lime or 
other mineral impregnations. The county is heavily timbered, except a 
narrow strip of prairie in the southern part. The timber consists of the 
different varieties of oak, also hickory, ash, American poplar, elm, gum, 
black walnut and sassafras. In the bottoms are all these varieties, besides 
cypress, catalpa, maple, sycamore, etc. Some of the timber is of 
remarkable size, many tulip trees exceeding 6 feet in diameter, and one 
oak, measured by Hon. D. S. Crumb, was 25 feet in circumference 6 
feet above the ground. Sassafras, a mere shrub in most localities, grows 
in the Castor Bottom to be 3 or 4 feet in diameter. The soil of the hills 
is a yellow clay loam, very light and deep, and tolerably fertile. In the 
bottoms, the soil consists of a sandy alluvium and vegetable mold, very 
deep, and of inexhaustible fertility. Most of the creek valleys are sus- 
ceptible of cultivation without drainage, but in the great river bottoms, 
much land requires to be drained. The surface is divided into "ridges" 
and ''slashes;" the former always dry, the sandy nature of the soil per- 
mitting plowing immediately after the heaviest rains; the latter generally 
susceptible of being drained into the main channels. The ridges are 
from 100 yards to half a mile wide, and sometimes miles in length, with 
a general direction from north to south. The finest farms in the county 
are situated in this territory. In the extreme south-eastern corner is a 
tract of 8,000 or 9,000 acres, known as the "overflow," which is covered 
with water every winter, and which can never be cultivated without a 
general system of drainage. In the north-eastern part of the county is 



STODDARD COUNTY. 607 

a swamp known as the Big Field, comprising 2,000 acres. It is des- 
titute of timber, and covered with a rank growth of grass, which gives it 
the appearance of a prairie, but the whole tract is a treacherous quick- 
sand, dangerous for men or animals. 

Of natural curiosities, the Lost Hills are the most remarkable. 
There are four of these which rise abruptly from the great bottom near 
the Big Field, and are from 100 to 200 feet high, sloping gradually 
southward from half a mile to 2 miles in length, and about half a mile 
broad, each having a bluff of limestone at its northern end. These hills, 
and some points of limestone in the north-western part of the county, 
present the only outcrop of rock, except the ledges of iron ore in the 
same neighborhoods. 

Agricultural Productions. — Corn is the staple. Cotton, next in 
importance, yields moderately on the uplands, and heavy crops in the 
valleys. Winter wheat is raised to some extent, and produces 30 bushels 
to the acre with fair culture. Tobacco is of superior quality. Castor 
beans and peanuts have been raised in considerable quantities; potatoes 
yield well, and all the fruits common to this latitude produce abundantly, 
peaches being almost a sure crop. Grape-culture is beginning to attract 
some attention. Hogs are raised in large numbers, and yield a good 
profit. The St. L., I. M. & S. R. R. has about 21,000 acres of good land in 
this county, which is offered for sale on liberal terms.* Hon. Thos. 
Allen also owns about 127,000 acres of good land here, which can be 
purchased on favorable terms.* 

The Mineral Resources are wholly undeveloped. In the hills in 
the north-western part of the county, and also in the Lost Hills, iron 
ore is found, and hydraulic limestone of superior quality. There are 
indications of lead and salt, and potters' clay of good quality abounds. 
The Manufacturing Interests have not extended beyond wagons 
and farming implements, grist and saw-mills, and stave factories. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $9,550,000.! 
Railroads.— The Cairo & Poplar Bluff Division of the St. L., I. M. 
& S. R. W. passes from east to west through Deck's Gap, an opening in 
the great ridge occupying the center of the county, and has 28 miles of 
track. The Illinois, Missouri & Texas R. R. has 16 miles of road graded 
in the northern part of the county. The county has no railroad debt. 

The Exports are cotton, tobacco, wheat, peltries, peaches, hogs, 
stock, lumber and staves. 

The Educational Interests have been much neglected until within 
the last two or three years. A few comfortable school-houses have been 
built, but the greater number are mere log cabins. The salaries paid 
are not sufficient to command a good class of teachers. 

*For full particulars, terms, prices, etc., see Appendix— page 

fAssessed valuation in 1873,^1,555,683. Taxation, Ji. 80 per Jioo. Floating debt, ^25,000. 



6o8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Asherville, 17 miles w. of Bloomfield, has a Baptist Church and i 
store. 

BLOOMFIELD, the county seat, situated on the high lands near 
the center of the county, is 7 miles n. of Dexter, the nearest railroad sta- 
tion, to which point there is a daily stage. It was the site of an ancient 
Indian village, and was first settled by the whites in 1824, was incorpo- 
rated in 1856 and its charter was revised in 1869. It embraces a territory 
of a mile square, all laid off in lots and streets. The business houses are 
grouped about the public square, but the residences are much scattered, 
every elevated site being occupied. On Sept. 21st, 1864, the court-house, 
all the business houses and most of the residences were destroyed by fire. 
A few weeks later the ruined town was occupied by United States troops, 
who built a large fort, occupying the court-house square and considerable 
additional land. Since the war the town has been rebuilt in a substantial 
manner, a new court-house, costing ^25,000, replacing the old one. 
There are 2 churches — Baptist and Methodist, i public school, 9 stores 
and I newspaper — The South-east Reporter, published by O. C. Jones. 
Population, about 400. 

Buffington, a station and country store on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W. 
12 miles e. of Dexter, is on the Castor River, which is spanned by a good 
bridge at this point. 

Castorville, on the Castor River, 11 miles n. w, of Bloomfield, has 2 
stores, I flouring-mill, i church — Baptist. Population, about 80. 

Dexter City, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R.W. 25 miles e. of Poplar Bluff, 
and 46 miles w. of Cairo, is an important shipping point and a promising 
town. Much of the shippping from Dunklin County comes to this place. 
It has 5 stores, and it is the intention of the people to erect as soon as 
possible a church and school building. Population, about 175. 

Dudley, a post-office on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W. 8 miles w. of 
Dexter. 

Essex, on the St. L., I. M, & S. R. W. 5 miles e. of Dexter, has i store. 
Population, about 20. 

Gray's Ridge, a station 9 miles e. of Dexter. 

Lakeville, 19 miles n. e. of Bloomfield on the line of the projected 
I., M. & T. R. R. which has 36 miles graded from Cape Girardeau, is a 
thriving town containing i saw and grist-mill, 4 stores, i public school, 
a Union church, a Masonic hall and i hotel. Population, about 200. 

Piketon, (Spring Hill,) 10 miles n. of Bloomfield, is a place of con- 
siderable importance, and has 2 stores, i school and a Methodist church. 
Population, about 60. 

Spring Hill. — See Piketon. 



STONE COUNTY, 

In the south-western part of the State, is bounded north by Christian 
County, east by Christian and Taney, south by Arkansas, and west by 
Barry and Lawrence Counties, and contains 339,200 acres. 

Population in i860, 2,400; in 1870, 3,253; of whom 3,233 were 
white, and 20 colored; 1,632 male, and 1,621 female; 3,243 native 
(1,830 born in Missouri) and 10 foreign. 

History. — Prior to its settlement by the whites, this portion of country 
was occupied by the Delaware Indians, who seem to have been ki'ndly 
disposed toward the settlers, and traces of their towns and encampments 
exist still, in the upper part of the county. The first white settler was 
one, Yocum, of French extraction, who made a home, as early as 1790, at 
the confluence of the James and White Rivers, and gave name — ^White 
River Trace — to the old trail, leading from Cape Girardeau to south-west 
Missouri. This family was followed by some others from Lorraine, and 
about the year 1833 emigrants from Kentucky and Tennessee made settle- 
ments in this vicinity. Indians, French and Americans lived amicably, 
carrying on a traffic by keel boats. Up to the late war, all the trading 
of the people was carried on in a very primitive manner ; the numerous 
streams of the country afforded ample facilities for boating, and freighted 
flatboats might often be seen drifting quietly down the river, the grain 
piled high in the centre of the broad bottomed craft, one or two 
attending to the boiling kettle, where some savory mess was in course of 
preparation, while others sat on the edge of the barge, whiling away the 
hour with a game of " Seven-Up. " Stone County suffered little during 
the late Civil War on account of its topography, which put a formidable 
barrier in the way of marauding parties. 

Physical Features. — The surface of the county is very broken and 
hilly, almost mountainous, and well timbered with hickory, oak, cherry, 
dogwood, elm, soft and hard maple, red-bud, hackberry, box-elder, syca- 
more, birch, etc.; on the uplands, in addition to these, elm, ash, and large 
pines are abundant. The tillable land is nearly equally divided, between 
bottom and upland. The county is well supplied with springs and streams. 
White River flows in a tortuous course across the southern part of the 
county, from west to east ; its principal tributaries being Mill, Big Indian, 
Little Indian, Upper Cow, Lower Cow, Brush, Long and Stone Creeks 
from the south ; and Big Fisher, Schooner, Poppin and Indian Creeks 
from the north, while the county is traversed from north to south by the 



6io CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 

the James Fork of White River, whose tributaries on the west are Piney,, 
Wooley's and East Creeks; and on the east, Four Mile, Wilson, Rawley's,, 
and Carpenter's Creeks. Government engineers have declared both the 
White River and the James navigable for steam boats. On some of these 
streams a fall of lo or 12 feet can be obtained with level rock beds and 
good banks. The soil of the uplands is well adapted to grazing and the 
growth of small fruits, while the bottoms are very fertile. 

There are many caves in this county, some of wonderful beauty ; at 
least 25 have been explored, and many more discovered. One mile from 
Galena is an extensive cave from which the early settlers procured salt- 
petre in large quantities. About 2^ miles above this is a smaller one of 
exquisite beauty. From the ceiling depend glittering stalactites, while 
the floor sparkles with fragments of gem-like lustre. A pearly wall, of 
about half an inch in thickness and 15 inches high, encloses a miniature 
lake, through whose pellucid waters the wavy stalagmite bottom of this 
natural basin can be plainly seen. This fairy-like bath tub, fit for Venus 
to lave in, hidden away in the secret recesses of the earth, surprises and 
gains admiration from all beholders, and the sacred stillness of the vaulted 
chamber renders its name, "The Baptismal Font," a peculiarly fitting one. 
It is difficult to single out, one or two of these wonderful works of nature, 
where all are so beautiful, but there is another, which for its magnitude, 
as well as its unusual beauty, may be mentioned since it rivals in these 
particulars, the far-famed Mammoth Cave of Kentucky. It is 12 miles 
from Galena, and is becoming well-known among curiosity-seekers in the 
adjacent country. The entrance chamber is a large dome-shaped room, 
whose ceiling is very high ; a glittering mound of stalagmites rises 
in the centre of the room, nearly one-third the height of the ceiling, 
stretching out at right angles from this are long shining halls leading to 
other grandly arched chambers, gorgeous enough for the revels of the 
Gnome King, and all the genii of the subterranean world. One cannot 
but think of the nether world, as wandering down a labyrinthian passage, 
he reaches the verge of an abyss, striking perpendicularly to unknown and 
echoless depths. The name, "Bottomless Pit," is well bestowed on this 
yawning gulf. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, hungarian 
grass, hemp, tobacco, sugar-cane, timothy, cotton, and fruits. Stock- 
raising is the most profitable pursuit of the farmer, as he has here an 
unlimited extent of fine range and abundant supply of water. Sheep- 
raising claims considerable attention. The Atlantic & Pacific R, R. Co., 
have about 140,000 acres of land for sale in this county at prices ranging 
from ^i to ;^5 per acre.* 

* The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be 
be paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offer free transportation from St. Louis 
to the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix- 



STONE COUNTY. 6ii 

The Mineral Resources. — There are indications of iron, copper, 
and lead, though as yet, entirely undeveloped. Specimens of red and 
brown hematite, copper, zinc, and lead ores lie scattered in many places 
over the surface, inviting capitalists to develop and invest. Near Galena 
is a rich deposit of pumice stone of excellent quality. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $500,000.* 

The Exports are corn, wheat, and live stock. 

The Educational Advantages are greatly improved since the war; 
nearly every sub-district having a public school. 

Blue Eye, a post-office 27 miles s. of Galena. 

Curran, a p. o. 7 miles s. of Logan Station, on the A. & P. R. R. 

GALENA, the county seat, situated on the right bank of James 
River, 20 miles s. e. from Logan, was laid out in 1852 and called James 
Town, but changed to Galena a few years after. It contains 2 stores, i 
wagon, and i carpenter shop. It is surrounded by a well timbered country, 
rich in minerals, and possesses excellent water power. 

Goff 's Creek, a post-office 9 miles n. e. of Galena. 

High Camp, a post-office 7 miles s. e. of Galena. 

Long's Mills, 10 miles n. n. w. of Galena, has i store and i grist mill. 

Mabry's Ferry, 16 miles s. s. e. of Galena, contains 2 stores. 

Robertson's Mills, a post-office 15 miles n. n. e. of Galena. 

♦Assessed valuation for 1873, g»32,So6. Taxation, ^1.30 per Jioo. Floating debt, ^2,500. 



SULLIVAN COUNTY, 

In the northern part of the State, is bounded north by Putnam County, 
which separates it from Iowa, east by Putnam and Adair, south by 
Linn, and west by Mercer and Grundy Counties, and contains 414,720 
acres. 

Population — In 1850, 2,983; in i860, 9,198; in 1870, 11,908, of 
whom 11,865 were white and 42 colored; 6,078 male and 5,829 female; 
11,655 native (5,630 born in Missouri) and 253 foreign. 

History. — The first settlers of Sullivan — then embraced in Linn 
County — were Dr. Jacob Holland and his son Robert W. Holland, with 
their families, in 1836, who located between Main Locust and West 
Locust Creeks, near the present site of Scotsville. Hugh C. Warren and Jno. 
Hatcher coming in the spring, and John Thurlow in the autumn of 1838, 
were the next settlers, selecting a home near Main Locust Creek, in the 
same township. The same year William Sevier and family located near 
East Locust Creek. These settlers were soon followed by others, among 
whom were Armistead C. Hill, Jeremiah G. and Meshack Smith in 1839, 
and John McCullough, Isaac Schrock, S. A. Maloney, Lot B. Lontz, 
Frank E. Stone and Geo. B. Henry, with others, in 1840. 

Roving bands of Indians continued to frequent the county as late as 
1842. Highland County had its boundaries defined in 1843, ^^^ "^^ 
organized as Sullivan, February i6th, 1845. ^^^ ^''St county court, com- 
posed of William Doyle, Samuel Lewis and Patrick McQuown, justices, 
the first presiding, with H. T. Elmore clerk, and E. B. Morelock sheriff, 
convened May 5 th, 1845, ^^ the residence of Armstead C. Hill. George 
Irwin was appointed county treasurer. 

The first circuit court. Judge James A. Clark on the bench, was held 
in September, 1845, i^ Armistead C. Hill's tobacco barn. The grand 
jury held their consultation in the pit of a whip saw scaffold near the 
barn, and found four indictments — one for trading with the Indians and 
three for trespass on school lands. M. B. Witter and George Makinson 
were the only resident attorneys at this time. 

The first marriage was that of Jeremiah G. Smith to Mary Ann Sevier, 
February nth, 1840, by Rev. Jesse Coins, of the Baptist Church, all of 
whom are now living (1874). 

In 1845, Linneus, 25 miles distant, was the nearest post-office. Phar- 
salia, located near the present site of Milan, was the first post-office in 
the county ; E. Hannon, postmaster. This courteous old Virginia gen- 
tleman regularly attended some one of the justices' courts every Saturday, 



6i4 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL 

and, making his hat post-office, pro tetn., distributed the mail for the neigh- 
borhood. He may be considered the first letter carrier of Missouri. The 
first mail route was from Pharsalia to Linneus, and was carried once a 
week by John Bergin, for $99.50 per annum. 

In 1849 ^ United States Land Office was located at Milan, Hon. A. L. 
Gilstrap receiver, and Capt. Jacamiah Seaman register. In 1859 the 
office was moved to Boonville. 

During the Civil War, Sullivan County suffered comparatively little 
directly, but was infested by numerous bushwhacking parties, rendering 
it disagreeable to the better class of citizens. For the greater part of 
the time Milan was [a military post and the State militia were stationed 
there. 

Physical FeatureSo — The face of the county is generally rolling, 
presenting, in the main, an attractive appearance. There are numerous, 
springs, and it is traversed from north to south by East Medicine Creek, 
the West Fork, East Fork, Little East Fork and Main Fork of Locust 
Creek ; also by Muddy, Yellow and Spring Creeks, all of which afford 
fine water power. Along each of the above creeks is a strip of " bottom 
land," varying from one-fourth to two miles in width, mostfly open 
prairie and very fertile, the soil being from 3 to 7 feet deep. Between 
the different streams are prairie divides, more or less rolling, the soil of 
which is not so rich. About three-sevenths of the county is timbered 
with a fine growth of white, black, red, and burr oak; hickory, elm, birch, 
sycamore, linn, honey locust, black walnut (in great abundance), white 
walnut, Cottonwood, buckeye and wild fruits of various kinds. 

The Agricultural Productions are principally, corn, wheat, rye, 
oats, barley, clover, hungarian, timothy, and blue grass. Tobacco is grown 
to some extent, producing fair crops. Potatoes yield well. Apples, 
peaches, cherries, pears and grapes, are successfully cultivated. About 
one-half the land is occupied by actual settlers. There are about six 
hundred acres of Government land, and one hundred and sixty acres of 
unsold swamp land in the. county. 

Mineral Resources. — Coal, red ochre and building stone are 
found in abundance : There are five coal mines in operation. The 
''Locust Valley Coal and Land Company," capital ;^ioo,ooo, is making 
thorough investigations of the coal deposits. A fine quality of sand- 
stone for building purposes is found in large quantities, also, stone suitable 
for grindstones. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of 10 flouring-mills, about 
16 saw-mills, 2 potteries, i woolen mill and 3 manufactories of wagons 
and agricultural implements. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^4,ooo,ooo.* 

•Assessed valuation for 1873, ^2,954,056. Bonded debt, ^200,000. 



SULLIVAN COUNTY. 615 

Educational Interests are well attended to under the public school 
system, there being 96 schools in the county. 

Railroads. — The Burlington & Southwestern Railroad has 26 miles 
of track running north and south through the central part, and the 
Quincy, Missouri & Pacific Railroad has been located through the cen- 
tral part of the county from east to west. 

The Exports are cattle, horses, mules, hogs, etc. 

Bairdstown, a post-office 8 miles n. w. of Milan. 

Bowmansville. — See Medicine. 

Clear View, 6 m. w. n. w. of Milan, has a store and blacksmith shop. 

Colfax, a post-office 14 miles n. w. of Milan. 

Green Castle, pleasantly situated, 15 miles e. n. e. of Milan, on the 
located line of the Q., M., & P. R. R., has 7 general stores, 3 hotels, 
2 agricultural implement stores, i furniture and i harness shop. Popula- 
tion, about 200. 

High Point, in a heavy growth of timber, upon one of the highest 
ridges in northern Missouri, 10 miles w. of Milan, is one of the old land- 
marks of the country. 

Jackson's Corners, (Jacksonville,) on the B. & S. W. R. R., 8 
miles n. of Milan, has i general store, i tannery, and i blacksmith shop. 

Judson, II miles n. n. w. of Milan, has i general store, i flouring- 
mill and i blacksmith-shop. 

Kiddville, 10 miles n. e. of Milan, has 3 general stores, 2 black- 
smith shops, and i wagon-maker's shop. Population about 100. 

McCullough, 7 miles s. of Milan on the B. & S. W. R. R. 

Medicine, (Bowmansville,) a post-office 12 miles w. of Milan. 

MILAN, the county seat and principal town, situated on the B. & S. 
"W. R. R., 34 miles n. of Laclede, and near the center of the county, was 
laid out in 1845, on the farm of Armistead C. Hill; E. Hannon commis- 
sioner, and Wilson Baldridge surveyor. It contains about a dozen gene- 
ral stores, 2 harness and 2 tin shops, i cabinet, 2 blacksmith, 2 boot and 
shoe shops, i hardware and 3 drug stores, 2 hotels, 2 steam saw and grist- 
mills, 2 newspapers — the Gazette, published by J. F. Beatty, and 
the Standard, published by M. F. Lorentz, ; a fine court-house and jail, i 
church — Baptist. Population about 700 . 

Owasco, 10 miles s. e. of Milan, has i general store and i black- 
:smith shop. 

Pennville, 18 miles n. n. e. of Milan, has i general store and i 
■wagon shop. 

Pollock, on the B. & S. W. R. R. 16 miles n. of Milan, has i gen- 
eral and I drug store, i blacksmith shop, etc. 

Scotsville, 10 miles s. of Milan, has 2 general and i drugstore, i hotel, 
n saw and grist-mill, 2 blacksmith shops, and i church. Pop. about 100. 



6i6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

Sticklersville, 14 miles e. s. e. of Milan, has 2 general stores, 
1 wagon and blacksmith shop, i saw and grist-mill. 

Union Ridge, a post-office 18 miles n. e. of Milan. 

Valparaiso, a post-office 15 miles n. of Milan. The principal por- 
tion of town moved to Pollock. 

"Winigan, a post-office 18 miles s. e. of Milan. 

W^intersville, a post-office 14 miles n. w. of Milan, has 3 general 
stores, I blacksmith shop, i flouring-mill, i wagon and agricultural 
implement shop, etc. Population about 100. 



r 



TANEY COUNTY, 

In the southern part of the State, is bounded north by Christian and 
Douglas Counties, east by Ozark County, south by the Arkansas State 
Line, and west by Stone County, and contains 437,381 acres. 

Population in 1840, 3,264; in 1850, 4>373; in i860, 3,576; in 
1870, 4,407; of whom 4,397 were white, and 10 colored; 2,241 male, 
and 2,166 female; 4,385 native (2,204 born in Missouri) and 22 foreign. 

History. — The territory now embraced in Taney County was first 
settled in 1826 or 1827. In that year two brothers, Jacob and Solomon 
Youchuim, Elijah McAdo, and three others, named Denton, with 
their families, located on White River, and made farms. Some of 
the Youchuim family still live in south-west Missouri. The next 
settlement was made about 1830 or 183 1, by James Oliver, Garner, Barnes, 
Nuchinn, and Edwards. Mr. James Oliver, now (1874) about 90 years 
of age, still lives in the county, surrounded by numerous descendants. 
Hon. Jesse Jennings located here in 1832, and he has represented the 
county in the Legislature, twelve or thirteen sessions, has also been sheriff 
one term, and county court justice two years. About the year 1838 Levi 
Boswell located in the county. 

In looking over records of the early days many amusing things 
are found: — At one time the county court made an order declaring the 
State law concerning highways suspended, so far as Taney County was 
concerned, and a few years later the same body rescinded the order sus- 
pending the road law. It was a custom when any vacancy occurred in 
the offices of the county for the county court, clerk and sheriff to hold an 
election among themselves and whoever received a majority of the five 
votes cast was declared duly elected, and commissioned accordingly. The 
county was organized January 6, 1837, and named in honor of Chief- 
Justice Taney. During the late Civil War, many old settlers were killed, 
or driven off, and the county records nearly all destroyed. 

Physical Features. — Taney is a rough mountainous county, of varied 
soil and scenery. White River, in a tortuous channel, traverses the county 
from west to east, and is navigable the entire distance. There are also a 
large number of creeks, among which are Beaver, Swan, Bull, Bear, Long, 
Big and Shoal, all affording ample water power. The waters of these 
streams are very clear. There are hundreds of springs of clear water ; 
many of large volume. The county abounds with timber of excellent 
quality, consisting of oak, pine, walnut, cherry, elm, sycamore, hickory, 
birch, maple, sugar maple, etc. 



6i8 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

There are three classes of soil, known here as "river," *' creek" but 
"upland." The river soil is a rich, black loam, intermixed with a small 
proportion of sand, and produces well. The creek land is a sandy loam, 
and is a little inferior to the river land. The uplands are situated on the 
ridges or hills, with a red clay sub-soil and a dark lime top soil. The 
mountain scenery is grand, affording in many places a view of the whole 
county, for miles around. The valleys are generally narrow but fertile. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, 
buckwheat, potatoes, tobacco, cotton and vegetables. Among the fruits 
are apples, peaches, pears, cherries, grapes, and all the small fruits. 

About one-half of the land in the county has been entered and home- 
steaded, and about one sixth of this is in cultivation. 

The Mineral Resources of the county are not developed, though 
indications of rich mines have been found in several localities. South 
of Forsyth, there is a large iron mountain owned by Clapp, Ayres & Co. 
Mr. Ayres is now in the county building barges to transport the ore down 
White River and up the Mississippi, to St. Louis. 

The Manufacturing Interests are flouring, saw and sorghum mills. 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^500,000.* 

The Exports are wheat, corn, beef, pork, mutton, wool, and fruit. 

Educational. — There are a few very good public schools, but they are 
only kept up a few months each year. An effort which promises succes 
io making to improve them. 

Bald Knob, a post-office 11 miles n. of Forsyth. 

Bauff, a post-office 25 miles s. e. of Forsyth. 

Bee Creek, a post-office 14 miles s. of Forsyth. 

Bradleyville, a post-office and store 16 miles n. e. of Forsyth. 

Cedar Creek, a post-office 12 miles s. e. of Forsyth. 

FORSYTH, the county seat, and principal town of the county, is 
situated on the north bank of White River, about 5 miles north-west of 
the centre of the county. Population about 300. It was settled about 
1838, and had a steady growth until the late war, during which it was 
entirely destroyed. It has again taken a new start, and now contains 
about 6 stores, a flouring mill, a good court-house in process of erection, 
and one newspaper and job printing office — the Pioneer Farmer ^ 
J. J. Brown, editor. 

Kerbyville,8 miles s. s. w. of Forsyth, contains a few stores and 100 
inhabitants. 

Mincey, a post-office 10 miles s. of Forsythe, 



\ 



Walnut Shade, a post-office 8^ miles n. w. of Forsythe. 



•Assessed valuation for 1873, 1782,760. Taxation. ^i-So per ^loo. Bonded debt, ^18,000. Floating 
debt, ^3,000. 



TEXAS COUNTY, 

In the southern part of the State, is bounded north by Pulaski, Phelps 
and Dent Counties, east by Dent and Shannon, south by Howell and 
Douglas, and west by Wright and Laclede, and contains about 700,000 
acres. 

Population in 1850, 2,312 ; in i860, 6,067 ; in 1870, 9,618 ; of whom 
9,523 were white and 95 colored; 4,935 male and 4,683 female; 9,477 
native (5,834 born in Missouri,) and 141 foreign. 

History. — The Boones and Paddies, trappers and hunters, settled here 
in 1 81 6. After a successful season they would load their ponies and start 
for St. Louis, following the old Indian trail, there being no roads. They 
built the mill on Paddie's Spring, which was the first in this part of the 
State. The next settlers were the McDonalds and Burkhardts, who settled 
on Robidoux Creek, and were followed by John Sherrill, Wm. Thornton, 
the Baldridges and the Carters, with their families, who located at Buffalo 
Lick, now the town of Licking. 

William Thornton, still living in the county, was one of the first mem- 
bers of the county court, and used to ride 50 or 60 miles from his home 
to the county seat, receiving two dollars per diem, and no mileage for 
going or returning. 

The first town settled was Ellsworth, on Piney River, in 1837. The 
county was organized Feb. 14th, 1845, ^^^ i^ 1846, Houston, the present 
county seat, was laid out. R. Y. Smiley, who built the first house and 
was the first merchant in the place, is still living in the county on Elk 
Creek. 

Texas County suffered greatly during the Civil War, but is now grow- 
ing steadily, the fertility, healthfulness and beauty of the county, all 
attracting an excellent class of people. Land is still cheap, improved 
farms selling at from $5 to ^10 per acre. 

Physical Features. — The Ozark Mountains extend through this 
county and a considerable part of the surface is broken. There is but 
little prairie land, all of which is good, and the bottoms on the streams are 
exceedingly rich. 

The county is well watered by Big Piney, which flows through the 
central part, and its numerous tributaries, chief of which on the east are 
Boone, Brushy, Indian, Hog and Elk Creeks; on the west, Hamilton and 
Peavine. In the north-western part is Robidoux, in the eastern, Current 
River, and in the south-eastern, Jack's Fork of Current River with its 
affluents, Pine and Little Pine. 



620 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

The timber consists of oak, walnut, hickory and three large pineries, 
one in the central part of the county, one in the north-east and one in 
the south-e;»5t, on Jack's Fork. 

There is a large cave about two miles from Houston said to be well 
worth exploring. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, rye, oats, grass 
and tobacco. This last is becom-ing an important production. Several 
varieties of fruits have been tried and succeed admirably. 

Mineral Resources. The indications of lead and iron have been 
sufficiently tested to show that they exist in paying quantities. Silver is 
also thought to exist. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of several flouring and saw- 
mills and 2 tobacco factories. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $2,500,000.* 

The Exports are corn, wheat, rye, hides and stock. 

Educational Interest's. — Public schools are established in nearly- 
all the districts, and there are several private schools of considerable im- 
portance. 

Big Creek, a post-office 12 miles s. e. of Houston. 

Casto, a post-office 18 miles s. e. of Houston. 

Cedar Bluff, a post-office 18 miles s. s. w. of Houston. 

Dykes, a post-office 10 miles w. of Houston, 

Elk Creek, a post-office 12 miles s, of Houston. 

Ellsworth, a post-office on Big Piney, 10 miles n. of Houston. 

Gravel Point, a post-office 18 miles s. w. of Houston. 

Hickory Springs, a post-office 25 miles s. w. of Houston. 

HOUSTON, the county seat, situated on Brushy Creek, near the 
center of the county, about 55 miles s. s. w. of RoUa, Phelps County, has 
about 200 inhabitants. It has a good court-house and an academy, 4 
stores, and is quite a business place for an inland town. 

Licking, 16 miles n. n. e. of Houston, is a growing village situated in 
a rich farming district. It has i steam-mill, 3 stores, 2 churches — M. E. 
and M. E. Ch. South, and a population of about 200. 

Plato, 23 miles n. w. of Houston, is a new town, containing 2 stores, 
and surrounded by a fertile and well watered country. 

Plum Valley, a post-office lo miles w. n. w. of Houston. 

Raymondville, a post-office 9 miles n. e. of Houston. 

Robidoux, a post-office 17 miles n. w. of Houston. 

Ruth, a post-office 13 miles n. e. of Houston. 

Sherrill, a post-office 20 miles n. n. e. of Houston. 

Stanford, a post-office 8 miles s. w. of Houston. 

Sumraersville, 24 miles s. e. of Houston, located in a productive 
valley, has 2 stores. 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $1,166,375. Taxation, $1.25 per $100. Floating debt, $600. 



VERNON COUNTY, 

In the western part of the State, is bounded north by Bates County, east 
by St. Clair and Cedar, south by Barton, and west by the State of Kansas, 
and contains 536,000 acres. 

Population in i860, 4,850; in 1870, 11,247, of whom 11,165 were 
white and 82 colored; 6,038 male, and 5,209 female; 11,022 native 
(4,383 born in Missouri) and 225 foreign. 

History. — At the time of the location of Harmony Mission in Bates 
County, in 1824, the Big Osage Indians had quite a large village 8 miles 
north-east of the present site of Nevada, governed by a noted chief 
among the tribes, known as White Hare, and there was also a village of 
the Little Osages, 3 miles north of the present site of Balltown. Besides 
these chief towns there were numerous smaller ones in various parts of 
what is now Vernon County. 

Two Frenchmen, Jeroux and Trudais, carried on considerable trade 
with them for years, but were never actual settlers ; this honor is claimed 
by Allen, Jesse and Moses Somers, natives of Kentucky, who left Har- 
mony Mission in 1820 and settled on the Little Osage, 3 miles west of 
the present site of Balltown. Soon after, Stephen Fuller and family, 
from New York, George Requa, and George and Joseph Douglass settled 
on the west side of the Marmaton River. Wm. Modrel and family, with 
Rev. Nathanael Dodge and his three sons, Leonard, Thomas and Samuel, 
located near Balltown. C. D. Ball, from Vermont, settled at Balltown, 
and Henri Letiembre and Henry Deville located at the Timbered Mound 
on the Marmaton River. Wm. and Jonathan Pryor settled on Pryor's 
Creek, now in the extreme north-west corner of the county. Dr. James 
White, presiding justice of the county court, was also among the very 
earliest settlers. Peter Weyand, Isaac Yokum, Sam. and Ben. Charles 
with their families, came from Ohio together, and settled near Balltown, 
and about the same time, Wm. and Robert Quay, from Pennsylvania, 
settled near them, Josiah Austin, Wm. Bartlett and family, from Ten- 
nessee, also Abraham Redfield and Alexander Woodruff. John Son, an 
old veteran of the war of 181 2, settled at Bel voir and established the first 
ferry across the Osage River. The first dry goods store on the south side 
of the Marmaton, was established one mile south of Cephas Ford, by 
Wm. Waldo, from Virginia, and soon after, Geo. Fail opened another 
on the Kansas Line. 

Freeman Barrows, Anselm Halley, Daniel Austin with his five sons 
and three daughters, Dr. Albert Badger, J, H. Requa, Noah Caton, 



622 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

James Bryan, Hugh Logan and James McKill were all among the early 
settlers. They had no trouble with the Indians, with the exception of 
one slight skirmish which took place on the forks of the Marais des 
Cygnes and Walnut Creek, in which two of the whites were wounded. 
One of these, Nath'l Dodge, died afterwards of his wounds. 

This county was organized February 17th, 1851, and named in honor 
of Hon. Miles Vernon, of Laclede County. 

The first county court, Conrad G. Carr, Andrew Still and James 
Grace, justices, was held at the house of Noah Caton, 4 miles north of 
Nevada, July 9th, 1855. The first county officers were as follows: 
sheriff, W. J. Wassam; clerk, Col. D. C. Hunter; assessor, James Dil- 
lard; treasurer, Reuben H. Williams; surveyor, James Bryan; public 
administrator, James H. Moore. 

The act erecting the new county appointed Hiram Stephens, of Cass, 
James Rainey, of Bates, and B. F. Walker, of Jasper, as commissioners 
to locate the county seat, but as they failed to be on hand at the time 
appointed at the first session of the county court, an order was passed 
calling upon the courts of these counties to appoint new commissioners, 
and at the next term, Oct. 5th, A. Cassel, of Cass, and J. W. Boyd, of 
Jasper, presented themselves as such, and selected as county seat the 
present site of Nevada City. There was a great deal of opposition 
manifested by the citizens of Bates toward the new county, and they 
endeavored to test the legality of the act of incorporation, serving an 
injunction from the circuit court at Papinsville. The county was 
defended in the suit by R. L. Y. Payton and C. F. Bullock, Esq., and 
judgment rendered in favor of the legality of the act. 

The following gentlemen represented the county in the legislature : 
First, Dr. J. N. B. Dodson, then Major W. H. Blanton, James Gatewood, 
Abraham Redfield, J. H. Requa, S. A. Wight and Hampton P. Gray. 

During the Civil War, the sympathy of a large majority of the citizens 
of Vernon was in favor of the Confederacy, and the county furnished over 
Boo men to aid Price, Marmaduke and Shelby in their various raids 
through the State. On the first call a regiment numbering 483 men 
organized with D. C. Hunter as Colonel, R. A. Baughn as Lieutenant- 
Colonel, George Bolton as Major, and Dr. James White as Surgeon. 
This regiment, known as the 7th Missouri Cavalry, participated in all the 
principal engagements west of the Mississippi. No general engagement 
occurred in the county, save a heavy skirmish at Hogan's Crossing on 
Big Drywood, Sept. 2d, 1861, between the forces of Gen. Price and those 
of Gen. James H. Lane, in which the latter was driven across the State 
Line to Fort Scott. During the entire war, Vernon County was infested 
by small squads from the Southern army and bushwhackers on the one 
side, and scouting parties from the Federal army and Kansas jayhawkers 
on the other, and between the two parties the county was unmercifully 



VERNON COUNTY. 623 

pillaged, so that at the close of the war it presented a scene of deso- 
lation rarely equalled. 

Physical Features. — The face of the country is undulating, inter- 
spersed with beautiful streams skirted with fine timber. In the western 
and northern portions there are some irregular conical mounds, and on 
the banks of the Osage River and Clear Creek there are a few bold cliffs 
which give a picturesque character to the scenery. About one-fifth of 
the area is timber, and the remainder undulating prairie, there being but 
a small portion which is not susceptible of cultivation. The soil is a 
rich sandy loam, abounding in potash and oxides of iron underlaid with 
a substratum of arenaceous and ferruginous clay, except upon the mounds 
where it is a rich black loam underlaid with yellow clay. The Osage 
River forms part of the northern boundary, and the county is drained by 
Little Osage,'' Marmaton River, Big Drywood, Little Drywood, East Fork 
and West Fork of Clear Creek and numerous smaller streams. 

The timber embraces all the kinds found in south-western Missouri, 
excepting cedar. On the high prairie, a little south of Belvoir, formerly 
called Son's Ferry, may still be seen the remains of ancient mining oper- 
ations, probably covering more than a section. On the top of Halley's 
Bluffs, two miles above Belvoir, are the foundations of three furnaces, and 
at the foot of the bluffs overlooking the Osage River, are circular excav- 
ations in the rocks. There are also the remains of works — ^both earth and 
stone, covering the approaches to the furnaces and the descent to the 
excavations below, as if thrown up for fortifications. There were excav- 
ations visible years ago to early settlers, but they are now almost extinct 
on the Howard Mound, three miles south of Halley's Bluffs, also on the 
Blue Mounds, one mile south, also three miles south-east at the head 

of Lady's Branch. Some have supposed that these various excavations 
were made by Ferdinand De Soto in 1541-2, but they are probably, how- 
ever, of more recent date, for many of the marks and traces that were 
plainly visible twenty-five or thirty years ago, are now completely oblit- 
erated, and the sand rock, in which the pick marks are seen, is of too 
crumbling a nature to stand the effects of so long a time. It is more 
likely the work of the early French voyageurs, fifty or sixty years before 
the first settlement of St. Louis, who in their migrations followed the 
water courses. They probably came up the Osage River in batteaux or 
pirogues, finding at Son's Ferry and Halley's Bluffs, about the first 
country spreading out from the river into open prairies, and established 
at Halley's Bluffs a sort of headquarters for their mining, which prob- 
ably extended south-east as far as what is now Cedar County, and south 
in the present Jasper County. A chain of conical mounds through 
Vernon were probably landmarks to guide them in going and returning. 

The Agricultural Productions are wheat, corn, oats, rye, buck- 
wheat, tobacco, sorghum, flax seed and castor beans. Fruit-culture is at- 



624^ CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

tracting general attention, and from present indications, several varieties 
will soon be quite largely exported. Vernon County took the premium for 
the best collection of fruit at the St. Louis Fair in 1872. Grapes give 
great promise, and it is thought by experienced vine-dressers that the 
soil and climate of Vernon are peculiarly adapted to their growth. 
Timothy, red clover and blue grass are fast taking the place of the excel- 
lent wild prairie grasses. Cattle and hogs are raised largely for exporta- 
tion, and the best grades are being introduced, and sheep-raising is 
greatly on the increase. 

Mineral Resources. — The whole county is underlaid with bitu- 
minous coal of good quality. There are three strata; the two upper 
ones crop out in various places, especially in the mounds, the first being 
from 16 to 26 inches in thickness, the second — about 30 feet below — is 
from 20 to 32 inches in thickness, and the third, from 45 to 50 feet 
below the second, varies from 3 to 7 feet in thickness. 

The Osage Mining Company are operating extensively at Clayton, on 
the western border of the county, and during 1873 shipped over 600,000 
bushels. Large quantities are mined around Moundville, most of which 
is sold at the county seat. The amount mined during 1873 was about 
1,500,000 bushels. Unmistakable indications of iron have been observed 
in several places, and lead, as a float mineral, has also been found. 
Hydraulic cement rock is found in abundance, and is said to be of excel- 
lent quality. Grindstone grit of good quality is found in many 
places in the eastern part of the county, and was, at an early day, largely 
quarried. Fire clay and potters' clay, both of good quality, abound, 
also black and gray marble, susceptible of very high polish ; limestone, 
an excellent quality of sandstone for building purposes, and ochre beds 
of various colors are all found in abundance. 

The Dunnegan and McCoy springs, half way between Montevallo and 
Virgil City, in the eastern part of the county, yield crude naphtha, 
petroleum and asphaltum. 

The Manufacturing Interests are yet limited, consisting of 12 
flour, grist and saw-mills, i extensive pottery, and 2 wagon, buggy and 
plow factories. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^ 10,000,000.* 

Railroads. — The Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad enters the north- 
eastern part of the county, and runs in a south-westerly direction to 
Nevada, and thence west through the county, having 38 miles of track. 

The Exports are stock, coal, grain, etc. 

Educational Interests. — The public school system is well estab- 
lished. There are 112 sub-districts and 108 school-houses, valued at 

♦Assessed valuation in 1873, $4,019,321. Taxation, $1.65 per $100. Bonded debt, ^300,000 to the 
Tebo & Neosho R. R.; and $17,000 to the Laclede & Fort Scott R. R. Total, $317,000. Floating debt, 
about j5,ooo. Nevada bonded debt, $10,000 for purchase of Tebo & Neosho R. R. depot grounds. 



VERNON COUNTY, 624^ 

$120,000, in the county; 1 large school-house in Nevada, costing $20,000, 
400 scholars in attendance. 

Avola, a p. o. 14 miles south of Nevada. 

Balltown. — See Little Osage. 

Clayton, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 14 miles w. of Nevada, con- 
tains 2 stores, and is the shipping point for coal by the Osage Mining 
Company. Population, about 75. 

Deerfield, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 10 miles w. of Nevada, con- 
tains I large pottery, i wagon shop, and 2 stores. Pop., about 100. 

Drywood, a p. o. 7 miles s. of Nevada. 

Duncan Creek, a p. o. 20 miles n. w. of Nevada. 

Little Osage, (Balltown,) 10 miles n. of Nevada, contains 2 stores 
and I wagon shop. Population, about 50. 

Metz, 13 miles n. n. w. of Nevada, contains 3 stores, i cabinet shop, 
and I grist and saw-mill. Population, about 125. 

Montevallo, 16 miles s. e. of Nevada, contains 4 stores, i hotel, i 
wagon shop, i grist-mill, and i large flouring-mill in course of erection. 
Population, about 300. 

Mounds, (Moundville,) 10 miles s. s. w. of Nevada, contains 3 stores 
and I hotel. Population, about 100. 

NEVADA, the county seat, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 90 miles 
from Sedalia, and 233 miles from St. Louis, was laid off in 1855, and 
the first sale of lots took place Nov. 19th. The first dwelling in the 
place was erected by Colonel D. C. Hunter, and the first store room by 
A. G. Anderson. When the late Civil War commenced, it contained a 
population of over 400. It was almost completely destroyed May 26th, 
1863, by the St. Clair and Cedar County Union Militia, who set it on 
fire. At the close of the war, the town took a fresh start, and now con- 
tains nearly 2,500 people. It was originally located under the title of 
Nevada City, but at the act of incorporation, March 3d, 1869, the word 
city was dropped. It has 3 churches— M. E. Ch. South, Baptist and 
Episcopal, with an aggregate value of $13,000, i fine brick school-house 
with graded school in operation, i bank, i grain elevator, i grist and 
saw-mill, i merchant flouring-mill, 2 lumber yards, 25 stores, 2 hotels, 
3 livery stables, i tobacco factory, 2 gun shops, 2 wagon, buggy and 
plow factories, i wagon and plow shop, 2 furniture stores, 2 newspapers— 
The Living Democrat, edited by Sam. and W. Crockett, and The 
Ledger, edited by Dr. W. Moore. 

The roads of the county are excellent, and all the chief streams are 
well bridged. There is one iron bridge, with stone abutments, across 
Big Dry Wood, on the Fort Scott road, 8 miles west of Nevada— cost, 
$15,000; one iron bridge, stone abutments, across the Marmaton, 3 
miles north-west of Nevada, on the Balltown road— cost $8,500. There 
are also several other excellent bridges. 



624^ CAMPBELL* S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Pleasant Run, a p. o. ii miles s. of Nevada. 

Round Prairie, a p. o. 13 miles s. e. of Nevada. 

Sand Stone, a p. o. 10 miles s. e. of Nevada. 

Schell City, on the M., K. & T. R. R., 18 miles n. e. of Nevada, 
contains 6 stores, i wagon shop, i large steam flouring-mill, i railroad 
hotel and a population of about 200. 

Virgil City, laid off in 1866, by Dr. V. W. Kimball, on the line 
between Cedar and Vernon Counties, 1 6 miles e. of Nevada, contains 6 
stores, 2 wagon-makers' shops, 2 furniture factories, i grist-mill, 3 nurse- 
ries and a population of about 300. 

Walker, on the M., K, & T. R. R., 7 miles n. e. of Nevada. 



WARREN COUNTY, 

In the east-central part of the State, is bounded north by Montgomery 
and Lincoln Counties, east by Lincoln and St. Charles, south by the 
Missouri River, which separates it from Franklin and Gasconade, and 
west by Montgomery County, and contains 262,474 acres. 

Population in 1840, 4,253; in 1850, 5,860; in i860, 8,839; in 
1870,* 9,673; of whom 8,931 were white, and 741 colored; 5,219 male, 
and 4,454 female ; 7,182 native (5,965 born in Missouri; in Kentucky, 
199; in Ohio, 121 ; in Illinois, 59; in Tennessee, 58; in Virginia, 396) 
and 2,491 foreign (born in British America, 20; in England and Wales, 
45 ; in Ireland, 118 ; in Scotland, 4 ; in Germany, 2,157 ; in France, 10 ; 
in Norway and Sweden, 9 ; in Switzerland, 39 ; in Austria, 2 ; in 
Holland, 16.) 

History. — The first settlements upon the territory now embraced in 
this county were made in 1801 and 1802 by Flanders Callaway, David 
Bryan, William and Robert Ramsey, and Thomas Kennedy. The last 
named settled in the northern part of the county, and the others located 
near the Missouri River. The original tombs of Col. Daniel Boone and 
wife are still preserved, near Marthasville, in the southern part of the 
county, marked by a rough block or slab of limestone, which still bears 
the rude, but plain inscription, cut upon it by inexperienced but friendly 
hands. Both Col. Boone and his wife died in St. Charles County, were 
buried in Warren, and afterward their remains were removed to Frank- 
fort, Ky. 

The county was organized Jan. 5th, 1833. The first deed was filed for 
record May 6, 1833. The first sheriff was Absalom Hays. The county 
was then a part of the 2nd Judicial District, with Priestly H. McBride, 
Circuit Judge. The first Circuit Court was held in May, 1833, at the 
house of Mordica Morgan, then the only house on the present site of 
Warrenton. The first Grand Jury were Thomas Talbott, Foreman ; Grief 
Steward, Samuel Doherty, Benoni McClure, Andrew G. Long, Isaac Kent, 
Jr., Wm. Camron, Jas. Miller, Edward Pleasant, Turner Roundtree, 
Jonathan D. Gordon, Benjamin Hutchinson, Woodson A. Burton, Thomas 
Chambers, George Clay, Jas. B. Graves, John B. Shaw, and Jared Irwin. 

The first County Court, consisting of Thos. N. Graves, Talman Cul- 
lum, and Morgan Bryan, also met at Mordica Morgan's house, May 20, 
1833. On August 10, 1835, Henry Walton and wife donated 50 acres 
in section 28, for the town of Warrenton, in consideration that it should 

* The census taker publishes over his own name that these figures are wrong, and that the population 
is over 13,000. 



626 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

be the county town, and Harvey Ford was appointed in November, 1836, 
the commissioner to sell tlie lots. About the same time Mordica Morgan 
donated 15 acres in section 29, adjoining the Walton donation, and Wm. 
Skinner was appointed the commissioner to sell the lots. The first court 
house was built of brick in 1838, at a cost of $2,600, and in 1869 that 
was torn down, and an elegant structure, costing over $35,000, was erected 
during 1870. 

Physical Features. — This county occupies an important geograph- 
ical position from being traversed by the main dividing ridge separating 
the waters flowing into the Mississippi from those flowing into the Mis- 
souri. About one-fourth of th€ county lies north and three-fourths south 
of the "divide." The northern portion is a little more than one-half 
prairie, with the balance heavily timbered. Of the southern portion, 
18,000 acres are Missouri Bottoms, and the balance creek bottoms and 
rolling uplands. 

The Missouri River and Bear, Lost, Little Lost, Charette, and Tuque 
Creeks, water and drain the southern slope; Peruque, Indian, Big, and 
Camp Creeks, the northern slope. There are numerous very fine springs 
in the county. Broadhead's State Geological Report says "Warren 
County is as well timbered as any county in the State." The finest 
qualities of black, white, scarlet, red and post oaks, and shell-bark and 
pig-nut hickory abound all over the county, and black-walnuts and burr 
oaks grow to an immense size on the bottoms, where it is not uncommon 
to find a Cottonwood 8 or 10 feet in diameter. 

The soil of the Missouri and creek bottoms is a deep alluvium, and 
produces, with ordinary cultivation, 75 or 80 bushels of corn per acre, 
year after year on the same ground. The first bluff lands on leaving the 
Missouri Bottoms are the richest uplands in the county, with the soil often 
10 feet deep, and produce an average of 25 to 30 bushels of wheat to the 
acre. These lands are usually 2 or 3 miles wide, above which there is a 
rocky slope peculiarly adapted to the growth of the grape, the wine from 
which rivals the famous brands of Europe. Going north, the county is 
rolling, and well adapted to the raising of corn, oats, wheat, _ and the 
finer qualities of tobacco. This belt of country with its constituent prop- 
erties of soil, underlaid with magnesian limestone, and the altitude being 
just what is required for the perfection of tree and fruit, may properly be 
called the "fruit belt" of the county. Apples and peaches grow to 
enormous size, and possess all the aroma, fine grain, luscious flavor, and 
perfect form of the California fruits. Apple trees begin to bear in 3 
years, and are loaded the sixth year. Trees receiving no care show more 
thrift and luxurious growth than the scrubbed, scraped, and carefully 
attended orchards of the East. 

The Agricultural Productions, as above indicated, are corn, 
wheat, oats, potatoes, tobacco, fruits, wine and stock. 



WARREN COUNTY. 627 

The Mineral Resources are varied— superior brick clay and fine 
limestone are found in inexhaustible quantities all over the county. 
Drab, blue, purple, buff and red clays are found in large beds in several 
localities. There are also a number of good quarries of excellent mar- 
ble, and some of it fine grained and quite beautiful. The principal beds 
thus far discovered are on Lake Creek, in sections 23 and 24, township 
45, range i w. The saccharoidal sandstone so well developed on the 
streams running into the Missouri River, affords a superior article for the 
manufacture of glass. Its beds are often pure white, mostly free from 
earthy impurities, and it is often so soft that it can easily be shoveled up. 
The sand is often hauled 20 miles, to be used in plastering, it being much 
valued on account of its beautiful white color, for when mixed with lime 
and plastered on walls no additional whitewash is needed. Warren County 
could supply the world for ages to come with excellent sand for glass. 

No systematic effort has been made to develop the iron or lead deposits, 
but hematites of fine quality have been found extensively distributed 
over the southern half of the county. Fine specimen's of Galena have 
been found on Tuque and Lake Creeks. Coal of a good quality is found 
in pockets (as all coal in this county occurs) about 3 miles north of 
Warrenton, also 12 miles north of Warrenton, on the farm of F. H. 
Drunert, Esq., and in both localities considerable quantities are being 
mined. There are evidences of coal in many other localities. 

The Manufacturing Interests of the county are 8 saw mills and 8 
grist mills, 2 manufactories of cabinet wares, i of cheese and butter and 
3 of tobacco— one at Warrentown and two at Wright City. Out of an 
annual production of over 300,000 lbs. of tobacco in this county some 
25,000 lbs. are manufactured at home. 

"Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $8,650,000.* 
Railroads.— The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway passes 
through the county from east to west — 18 miles. 

The Exports are principally tobacco, hogs, fat cattle, wheat, oats, 

corn and wine. 

Educational.— There are 49 sub-districts, 50 public school houses, 57 
teachers and 2,474 pupils attending school in this county. 

Bridgeport, a post-office 12 miles s. w. of Warrenton. 

Dutzow, 24 miles s. e. of Warrenton has i church — Catholic, i store, 
I blacksmith and wagon maker's shop and a public school. Population 
(in 1870) 72, with a thickly settled country about it. 

Holman's Store, 7 miles n. of Warrenton, has i store and a black- 
smith shop. 

Holstein, 13 m. s. of Warrenton, has a public school, 2 churches— Ger- 
man Evangelist and German Lutheran— 2 stores and about 60 inhabitants. 

♦Assessed valuation for 1S73, $2,161,706. Taxation, Ji. 35 per ijioo. Bonded debt, $16,427. Floating 
debt about j!i,ooo. 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MJSSOURL 628 

Hopewell, 10 miles s. s. e. of Warrenton, on the Marthasville road, 
has I church — German Methodist Episcopal — 2 stores, i public school, etc. 

Marthasville, 20 miles s. e. of Warrenton. Population in 1870, lyS, 
has 3 churches — German Methodist, German Evangelist, and M. E. 
Churcii South. It has 2 stores, i fine grist and saw mill, 2 blacksmith 
and I wagon maker's shop. It is 5 miles from Washington on the M. 
P. R. R. 

Pendleton, 5 miles w. of Warrenton has i store, i grocery, i church 
— Methodist Episcopal — i public school, and is a shipping point for stock, 
grain, railroad ties, fence posts, hoop poles and cord wood. 

Pinkney, a post-office 12 miles s. s. w. of Warrenton. 

Pin Oak, a post-office 13 miles n. of Warrenton. 

Pitts, a post-office 3 miles s. of Wright City. 

Tuque, a post-office 13 miles s. e. of Warrenton. 

^A/'ARRENTON, the county seat and principal town of the county, 
on St. L., K. C. & N. R. W., 58 miles from St. Louis, is the highest 
point between St. Louis and St. Joseph. It is proverbially healthy. 
Population about 1,000. It was incorporated February 15, 1864. The 
first board elected were Henry Parker, John H. Falconer, C. A. Kuhl, 
C. A. Smith and Dr. H. H. Middlekamp. There are 13 dry goods and 
grocery stores, i drug, i stove, hardvvare and agricultural implement 
store, 3 boot and shoe makers, 3 blacksmiths, 2 wagon makers, i harness 
maker, 3 tailors, 2 flour and 2 saw mills, 4 hotels, i bank — capital 
1^60,000 — I public school building worth $2,000, one watch maker and 
silversmith, 2 milliners, 3 dress makers, i broom factory, 2 cabinet manu- 
factories, 2 tobacco dealers, 2 pork packers and 2 doctors. There are 2 
newspaper and job printing offices — The Warrentoti Chronicle, A. and 
Ed. S. Ackerman editors and publishers, and TJie Missouri Banner, R. 
B. Speed, publisher. Warrenton has a fine court house, above alluded to, 
and 4 churches — Christian, M. E. Ch., South, Methodist Episcopal Ger- 
man, and Catholic. • The Presbyterians and German Lutherans have 
congregations but no houses of worship. The city supports a good Union 
school, and the Central Wesleyan College, H. Koch, D. D., President, 
under the direction of the German Methodist Episcopal Conference. A 
new college, 60 by 90 feet, of brick, to cost some ;g25,ooo, is now in 
course of erection. 

Wright City, on the St. L. & K. C. & N. R. W., 6 miles e. of War- 
renton, has 2 churches — Methodist and Baptist — a public school incorpo- 
rated under the village school law, two hotels, 2 large tobacco factories, 
several stores, and i furniture dealer. Population about 300. 



WASHINGTON COUNTY, 

In the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Franklin and Jeffer- 
son Counties, east by Jefferson and St. Frangois, south by Iron, and west 
by Crawford County, and contains 475 '399 acres. 

Population in 1820, 2,769; in 1830, 6,784; in 1840, 7,213; in 
1850, 8,8n; in i860, 9,723; in 1870, ii,7i9' of whom 10,748 were 
white and 971 colored; 5,868 male and 5,851 female; 11,143 native 
(8,619 born in Missouri) and 576 foreign. 

History. — The first explorations of the mineral region .of what is 
now South-east Missouri, were probably made by Crozat, Sieur de Lochon 
and others, who, pursuing the ignis fatuus of that age, sought here the 
precious metals they had failed to find in Lower Louisiana and on the 
banks of the Missouri. A vague rumor of silver on the Maramec led to 
one or two mining expeditions which proved failures, so far as silver was 
concerned, but developed the fact of the existence of large quantities of 

lead. 

France was eagerly looking for treasure of some sort from her new pos- 
sessions, and there was no lack of adventurous spirits to carry out her 
designs. 

The failure to procure silver does not seem to have discouraged them, 
and immediately expeditions to mine for lead were fitted out, though owing 
to their ignorance of the construction of furnaces, more than one of these 
failed, but with admirable perseverance they continued their efforts. 

Finally, about 1720, Renault, a man with much practical knowledge of 
metals, took charge of an expedition, not only bringing with him M. La 
Motte, who was well versed in the knowledge of minerals, but nearly 200 
miners and artificers, well supplied with implements. He also brought 
500 negroes from St. Domingo, and established himself at Fort Chartres. 
One of their first discoveries was Mine La Motte, in Madison County, 
and subsequently the mines of Potosi, Old Mine and others, which were 
opened and operations immediately commenced. Some of the gads and 
other iron implements used by these early miners, can be seen now stick- 
ing in the rocks and imbedded in the walls of caves. There are no com- 
plete statistics showing the amount of ore taken out in those days, but it 
must have been immense, considering the means employed and the facili- 
ties for transportation. 

About 1760 , Francis Breton, while chasing a bear, discovered the mine 
near Potosi which still bears his name, Mine a Breton, and a little later 
he opened it, and a mining camp was established at the present site of 



630 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS QUEL 

Potosi ; but it was not until 1765 that any families located here. Not- 
withstanding the fact that the attention of the French was early directed 
to the mineral wealth of Upper Louisiana, their settlements were chiefly on 
the east side of the river, but when the Mississippi became the western 
boundary of the English possessions in 1763, most of the French emigrated 
from Kaskaskia and other points on the east to the west side of the river, 
and it is probable that the first settlements were made about this time 
within the present limits of Washington County, first at Potosi and sub- 
sequently at Old Mines, and on the stream known as Fourche a Renault 
and at other points. 

That lead was found in nearly all parts of the county and very near the 
surface, is proved by the number and extent of the old shallow diggings 
still to be seen here, but as they had no means of* reducing the ore, except 
by the primitive "ash" furnace, they could not have realized more than 
60 per cent, of pure lead, 35 or 30 per cent, being lost in the slag. This 
lead was conveyed to the river on pack-horses and ox-carts, and sent to 
New Orleans, whence it was chiefly shipped to France. 

One of the most prominent pioneers was Moses Austin of Virgina, who 
received in 1783, from the Spanish Government, a grant of a league of 
land, now known as the " Austin Survey." This tract contained fertile 
lands, valuable mineral deposits and water privileges, and he afterwards 
laid out about 40 acres of it in lots, donating the same for a town, which 
now constitutes a part of Potosi. He received this grant on condition 
that he should establish lead works here, which he did, reaping a rich 
reward for his enterprise. 

About 1795, he built upon the brow of the hill, now about the center 
of the town of Potosi, a large and expensive mansion, then probably the 
finest residence in the State, which was long known as Durham Hall. 
Three years later he sunk the first deep shaft in what is known as "cap 
rock," with such success, that the mining character of this region was 
permanently established. This shaft is still remuneratively worked at a 
depth of 170 feet, with n'umerous and extensive side openings or "drifts." 

In 1799, he erected a shot tower near the creek, about a mile north- 
west of Potosi, and about the same time Elias Bates manufactured sheet 
lead, near the same locality. 

The following mines, still in operation, were worked under French, and 
after 1763, under Spanish rule: Mine a Breton, Old Mines on a branch 
of Mineral Fork, and Renault's Miners on Fourche a Renault or Mineral 
Fork. The purchase of Louisiana in 1803 by the United States was fol- 
lowed by many new discoveries, but the Government, in accordance with 
established usage, reserved all mines and salt springs, hoping to obtain a 
revenue from them. It was soon found that the cost of collecting the 
rents exceeded their sum reported, and no reliable statistics could 
be obtained. It is stated that in 181 1, 5,000,000 lbs. of ore were 



WASHINGTON COUNTY. 631 

delivered at Shibboleth, but in 1819, Col.. Smith, then proprietor of the 
mine, reported its yield at 1,000,000 lbs. Mine a Breton, which had 
yielded as high as 3,000,000 lbs. per annum, had dropped to 500,000 lbs. 
and not more than 30 miners were at work there. 

Schoolcraft, who was sent there as agent of the U. S. Government in 
1 8 19, found M. Le Breton, discoverer of Mine a Breton, living near Ste. 
Genevieve at the advanced age of 109. Of the mines, he says that he 
found most of the shafts from 10 to 30 feet deep, sunk in the stiff red 
clay in which the lead was embedded, with fragments of barytes, quartz, 
hornstone, chalcedony and flint. Austin's shaft, 80 feet deep, and John 
Rice Jones' shaft were the only ones extending into the rock, and in these 
were found large quantities of ore filling the cavities of the rock. 
Upon the whole, appearances justified him in concluding that the lower 
strata of rocks around Potosi were of a metalliferous character, and would 
warrant the expenditure incident to a thorough investigation. That later 
researches have proved the truth of Schoolcraft's statement is well known. 

The average yield of the mines of the district embraced in Washington 
County, from 1803 to 1819, was about 3,000,000 lbs. yearly, at times 
somewhat larger than that, so it was estimated that its value was equal to 
one-fourth of the entire purchase money of Louisiana. 

Schoolcraft states, that in 18 19 there was only one regular hearth fur- 
nace in the entire district, and that not of the best English pattern ; there 
were but 4 or 5 regular shafts in the 40 diggings then worked, and not 
an engine of any kind to raise water from the mines. As lead ore overlays 
copper in Europe, he thought it might do so in this country. He advised 
the Government to sell the mineral lands, or at least to extend the leases 
from 3 to 5 years, and after a thorough investigation of this region, he 
remarked, "This is the land of ores, the county of minerals." 

The following is Schoolcraft's list of the mines known, the estimates 
made of the number of pounds of ore raised, and the number of hands 
at work during 1819: Mine a Breton, 1,500,000 lbs., 160 hands j 
Shibboleth, 2,700,000 lbs., 240 hands; La Motte, 2,400,000 lbs., 210 
hands; Richwood's, 1,300,000 lbs., 140 hands; Bryan's and Daggat's, 
Mines, 910,000 lbs., 80 hands; Perry's, Elliott's, Old Mines and 
Bellefontaine Mines, 45,000 lbs., 20 hands; Mine Astraddle, Liberty, 
Renault, Silvers and Miller, 450,000 lbs., 40 hands; Cannon's, 
Bequette's and Little Mines, 75,000 lbs., 30 hands; Rock Diggings, 
Citadel, Lambert's, Austin's and Jones' Mines, 1,160,000 lbs., 180 
hands. 

As late as 1824, owing to the distance to market and the difficulty of 
transportation, lead ore was sold at ^10 per thousand, yet the mines near 
Mine a Breton employed nearly 2000 men. At that time the lead was 
carried to Ste. Genevieve on horseback and in rude carts ; now a railroad 
penetrates the heart of the mining district, and the price of lead ranges 



^32 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

from ^35 to $45 per thousand, yet not more than 500 men are regularly 
engaged here in mining. This falling off is due chiefly to the system of 
independent mining now in vogue, by which the miner works for himself, 
paying lo per cent, royalty on the ore taken out. As successful mining, 
sooner or later, requires the investment of capital, these miners are often 
compelled to abandon their "prospects" for want of money to develop 
them. The mining interests so overshadowed all others that for many 
years the county was not otherwise developed. Probably the first farms 
were laid out about 1800 in the valley of Bellevue, embracing the south- 
ern portion of the county, and gradually an agricultural population 
settled in the rich bottoms and uplands. 

The county was organized August 21st, 1813, from Ste. Genevieve 
District or County, and embraced a large extent of territory ; it was not 
reduced to its* present limits until 1857. In 1858 the St. L. & I. M. R. 
R. was built through the county, giving a fresh impetus to industrial 
enterprise, promoting immigration and infusing new life and energy every- 
where, t 

Physical Features. — The surface of the country is generally broken, 
but excepting the pine belt in the north-western part, nearly all of it is 
susceptible of cultivation, and a large part is choice farming land. 

Timber is abundant, consisting of black, white and red oak, yellow 
pine, hickory, ash, maple, walnut, cedar, etc. 

The uplands are well adapted to fruit-culture, especially to the apple, 
peach and grape, the latter growing wild and producing abundantly. 
Little Pilot Knob, the highest point in the county, and of some note as a 
land-mark, is located west of the center, and is about 1500 feet above 
the level of the Mississippi River. 

The county is well watered by innumerable springs and streams, the 
principal among the latter being Big River, Fourche a Courtois, Cedar 
Creek, Mineral Fork, Fourche a Bazil, Mill, Bates and Breton Creeks. 
There are many smaller streams, fed by never-failing springs, affording 
abundant water for all purposes and furnishing good water-power. 

The Agricultural Productions are such as are common to the 
State ; chiefly corn, wheat, oats and the small grains generally, besides 
tobacco, cotton, flax and all the garden vegetables, also the small fruits, 
especially grapes. The hilly portions are well adapted to fruit-culture 
and stock-raising. 

Mineral Resources. — Lead ore, though considered most common, 
is probably neither the most abundant nor the most valuable of the min- 
erals in the county. There are extensive beds of specular and hematite 
iron ore, and the silver-bearing quartz, discovered near Hopewell, has been 
assayed with gratifying results. Copper exists, and has been smelted in 
a rude furnace, in small quantities, however. Zinc ore, until recently 
considered worthless by the miners, crops out over a large area, and is 



WASHINGTON COUNTY. 633 

found in boulders and ledges and also below the surface as far as lead has 
"been traced. Years ago Mr. Alex. Anderson recognized this ore, and 
purchasing several tracts of land, richly impregnated with it, manufactured 
in a furnace of his own construction, the first metallic zinc ever made 
west of the Mississippi River. In 1868 a zinc furnace was erected at 
Potosi, and its manufacture was commenced on an extensive scale. The 
furnace has since been removed to Carondelet, but the mining of this ore 
is one of the principal branches of industry and is constantly increasing in 
importance. The experiment of using charcoal in the reduction of zinc 
•ore and the manufacture of the oxide has been successfully tried and 
proved remunerative. Sulphate of baryta, or "tiff" as it is called here, 
is found in the greatest abundance ; it is extensively mined and shipped, 
and has become an article of considerable commercial value. The 
-county has an abundance of clays, chalk, black lead, fine building stone, 
marble, and a superior quality of stone for grindstones, millstones or 
tuhrs, besides several saltpetre and alum caves. For a fuller description 
•of the lead interests in this county see the general article on lead. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist of 15 saw-mills, 10 grist- 
imills, 3 tanneries, 12 lead furnaces and extensive iron and zinc works. 

^Vealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ^4,550,000.* 

Railroads. — The county is traversed by 22 miles of the St. Louis, 
Iron Mountain & Southern R. W., for the construction of which it 
:subscribed liberally, and after its completion the citizens of Potosi, being 
4 miles from the main line, built a branch railroad from that place to 
Mineral Point, to intersect the main road. They completed it in 3 
months, and celebrated its opening on July 4th, 1859. The county has 
no railroad debt. 

The Exports are lead, iron, zinc, live stock, lumber and heavy spar. 

The Educational Interests, since the adoption of the new school 
law, are in an improved condition. Public schools are established in 
nearly all of the sub-districts, but the buildings are poor. The school 
session, in the rural districts, is 4 months; in the towns, from 6 to 8 
months each year. Bellevue Collegiate Institute, situated at Caledonia, 
is under the control of the M. E. Church South. There is also an 
academy at Irondale. 

Belgrade, on Big River, 9 miles w. s. w. of Potosi, is in the center 
of a fine farming country. 

Bellefontaine, a mining point about 2 miles w. of Cadet. 

Cadet, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 3 miles n. of Mineral Point, 
has a population of about 50. It is an important shipping point for 
iead, tiff, etc. 

Caledonia, 12 miles s. of Potosi, and 7 miles w. of Bismarck, was 

* Assessed valuation in 1873, {2,974,319. Taxation, $1.15 per {100. Floating debt, {9,000. 



634 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

laid out in 1819, and is located in Bellevue Valley, a fine agricultural 
region, and surrounded by a beautiful range of wooded hills. The 
locality is healthful and the people intelligent and enterprising. Besides, 
the public schools, the place contains a college erected by private sub- 
scription and in successful operation, a tannery, a large grist and saw- 
mill, a wagon and carriage factory, 4 stores and 2 churches — Methodist 
and Presbyterian. Population, about 300. 

Fourche a Renault, a post-office 8 miles n. n. w. of Potosi. 

Harmony, (Webster,) 15 miles s. w. of Potosi, was laid out in 1830,. 
and is only important as a place of supply to the mines by which it is 
surrounded. The present proprietor of these mines proposes to construct 
a narrow gauge railroad from Potosi to this point, to facilitate the trans- 
portation of the lead, iron and lumber, and other products of that region. 
Population, about 50. 

Hopewell Furnace, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 5 miles s. e. of 
Mineral Point, was laid out in 1857 by the Hon. Jno. Evans. It has not 
grown rapidly, but is an important shipping point for lumber, lead, etc. 

Irondale, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 9 miles s. of Mineral Point, 
is located on Big River, and was laid out in 1857 by Hon. John G. Scott 
and others, who erected a large iron furnace, which, in power and 
capacity, is one of the best in the country. This is a steadily growing 
town in the center of a fine farming region, and adjoining rich mineral 
districts. It has 2 churches — Catholic and Protestant, a good public 
school, 6 stores and 2 hotels. Population, about 900. 

Kingston Furnace, 12 miles n. of Cadet, is the headquarters of the 
St. Louis Lead Mining Co. 

Lawson, a post-office on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 7 miles n. e. of 
Mineral Point. v 

Mineral Point, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., at the junction of the 
Potosi B'ch, 3)4 miles e. of Potosi, and 61 miles s. of St. Louis, was 
laid out by Mr. Evans and others in 1857, and contains 3 stores and 2 
hotels. Population, about .100. 

Old Mines, 4^ miles w. n. w. of Cadet, is a straggling village on 
the banks of a creek of that name, 6 miles n. of Potosi. The mines at 
this point were worked as early as 1726, under Renault, who acted as 
agent for "the Company of the West." About 1804, it was settled 
under Augustus and Basil Valle and other miners, 31 in number, to each 
of whom was granted by Gov. Delassus a lot of 320 arpents, altogether 
constituting what is known as "The Old Mines Concession." This is 
fine mineral land, and a portion of it is covered with well-improved 
farms. 

POTOSI, the county seat, on the B'ch R. R., 3)^ miles w. of Min- 
eral Point, is located near the center of the county, on Breton Creek, 
and is surrounded by a group of beautiful hills, covered with a heavy 



WASHINGTON COUNTY. 635 

growth of pine and oak trees, and covering rich deposits of minerals. 
It is one of the oldest towns in the State, having been settled about 1765, 
and was first called Mine a Breton, but in 1828 it was incorporated 
under the name it now bears. It has 6 churches — i Catholic, 2 Metho- 
odist, I Presbyterian and 2 Baptist, the latter for colored persons; i 
graded public school, i grist-mill, planing-mill and saw-mill, 13 stores 
and 2 hotels. In the immediate vicinity are several saw-mills and fur- 
naces. The old mansion known as "Durham Hall," erected as before 
stated, by Moses Austin in 1795, was burned in Dec. 1872, leaving noth- 
ing but the extensive stone foundation as a memenfo of the early history 
of Mine a Breton. Population, about 1,200. 

Rich woods, a post-office 16 miles n. w. of Cadet. 

Rock Spriixg, a post-office 20 miles n. w. of Potosi. 

Shibboleth, i^ miles n. w. of Cadet, formerly the residence of 
Col. John Smith, is a mining center, and contains a large brick -dwelling 
and I store erected, in 1823. 

"Walton Mills, a post-office 9 miles w. of Potosi. 

Webster. — See Harmony. 



WAYNE COUNTY, 

In the south-eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Iron, Madison 
and Bollinger Counties, east by Bollinger and Stoddard, south by Stod- 
dard, Butler and Carter, and west by Carter, Reynolds and Iron Counties, 
and contains 459,784 acres. 

Population in 1820, 1,443; i^ 1830, 3,264; in 1840, 3,403; in 
1850, 4,518; in i860, 5,629; in 1870, 6,068, of whom 6,001 were white, 
and 67 colored; 3,098 male, and 2,970 female ; 6,022 native (3,640 born 
in Missouri), and 46 foreign. 

History. — There is no record of the earliest settlement of this county, 
but the "Spanish Surveys" indicate that it was probably made while 
Spain held possession of Louisiana. The first settlers of whom we have 
any record, were Charles, David and Robert A. Logan, Francis Clark, 
Isaac E. Kelley, Joseph Parish, Thomas Ring, Ephraim Stout, Tillman 
Smith, Domitille DeHault, Joseph Doublewye, Joseph Caldwell, Chris- 
topher Harness, Andrew Reed, Edward Haythorn and Joseph Watkins, 
all of whom settled in the county about 1800, having obtained grants of 
land from the Spanish Government. William Street, who settled about 
this time on the St. Francis River, near the mouth of Cedar Creek, was 
the second Baptist minister west of the Mississippi River. He preached 
in the fort or block-house, one mile south of the present site of Fred- 
ericktown, Madison Co. In 1804, David Reese, Ezekiel Rubottom and 
Overton, Ransom and Elijah Bettis settled near the present site of 
Greenville. Among the oldest citizens now living are Jesse B. Wallis, 
James A. Atkins and James Kite, the first two .of whom probably came 
to the county about the autumn of 1830, the former from Tennessee, the 
latter from Virginia. James Kite arrived about 5 or 6 years later, and 
located 2^ miles south-east of Greenville, on the St. Francis River, Jesse 
B. Wallis settled on Big Creek, and James A. Atkins located at Green- 
ville, where he now resides, and is perhaps the oldest resident of the 
county. In those early times there were a great many Indians in these 
parts, but they appear to have lived on amicable terms with the white 
settlers. 

Wayne County was organized from Cape Girardeau, Dec. nth, 1818, 
and in 1820 its boundaries were thus defined : north by Gasconade, Wash- 
ington and Madison Counties, east by Cape Girardeau and New Madrid, 
south by the territory of Arkansas, and west by the western boundary of 
Missouri. From her vast extent she was familiarly known as the "State 
of Wayne," and since county after county has been taken from her ter- 



638 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

ritory, she has been called "the Mother of Counties." The first court 
was held in 1819, either Judge Parish or Judge Thomas (probably the 
former, although authorities differ) presiding, Solomon R. Bolin, clerk, 

Carter, sheriff, and Jesse B. Wallis, deputy-sheriff. Owing to its 

remoteness from the river, and lack of railroad connection, the county 
grew slowly, until the building of the St. Louis & Iron Mountain R. R. 
gave some impetus to immigration, but even yet it is but thinly settled, 
and its mineral and agricultural resources but partially developed. The 
Civil War found but little division in sentiment among the people, the 
mass sympathizing with the Confederate cause. They learned something 
of the cost of war, however, in the summer of 1861, when Gen. Hardee 
(Confederate) and his command were stationed for 30 days at Greenville, 
and later, when the armies of Gens. Marmaduke and Price (Confederate), 
marching northward, swept over the county, depending upon the people 
for supplies. There was considerable sharp skirmishing in various parts 
of the county, chiefly between Capt. W. T. Leeper (Federal) and the 
celebrated Tim Reeves (Confederate) ; also between Col. Smith (Federal) 
and Gen. Marmaduke. There was besides more or less bushwhacking 
done, but on the whole, Wayne escaped the ravages of war better than 
many of her sister counties. 

Physical Features. — The general character of the surface is broken 
and hilly. The hills are covered with a heavy growth of yellow pine, 
but are generally worthless for cultivation. 

There is, besides, an abundance of good timber, comprising the 
different kinds of oak, beech, white and black walnut, black and sweet 
gum, cherry, poplar, sycamore, hickory, ash, white and red elm, hack- 
berry, honey locust and cedar, growing on the uplands and along the 
numerous streams. 

The county is well watered by the St. Francis, which flows from north 
to south through the central part, and its tributaries and sub-tributaries, 
Big, Camp, Clark, Lake and Otter Creeks on the west, and 

Cedar, Hughes and West Branch of Lost Creek on the east. The eastern 
portion is drained by Bear Creek and its branches \ the western by Black 
River and its tributaries, chief of which areBrushyand McKensie's Creeks. 

The soil on the hills and uplands is a composition of red and yellow 
clay, and on the river and creek bottoms an alluvial and sandy loam. 
Fully one-fourth of the county consists of fertile bottom lands ; about 
the same quantity is valuable only as timber lands, while the remainder 
is good arable upland, yielding satisfactory crops. Government Land in 
the county amounts to about 20,000 acres. 

There are numerous fine springs in the county, and water-power for 
mills and manufactories is furnished by Clark and Bear Creeks. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, etc. 
Probably no county in the State produces finer tobacco. Fruit, where- 



PVAVATE COUNTY. 639 

€ver tried, succeeds admirably, though but little attention has yet been 
given to its culture. 

Mineral ResourceSo — Iron, copper, nickel and lead have been 
found; the first is supposed to exist in immense quantities. Several 
iron mines were opened in 1873, but as yet these sources of wealth are 
almost wholly undeveloped. 

The Manufacturing Interests consist mainly of saw-mills, of 
which there are now more than 20 in operation, which are making great 
inroads upon the extensive forests of yellow pine. 

Wealth.— Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $5,550,000.* 
Railroads.— The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern R. W., passes 
through the western part of the county from north to south, having about 
32 miles of track. 

The Exports are wheat, corn, tobacco, stock and lumber. 
The Educational Interests are flourishing, public schools being 
established in all the sub-districts. 

Brunot, a p. o. 6 miles e. n. e. of Des Arc, has i store. 
Clearwater, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 4 miles s. of Piedmont, 
has a fine saw-mill, i store and i hotel. 

Coldwater on Cedar Creek, 15 miles e. of Des Arc, has i store, i card- 
ing-machine, i saw and grist-mill and 3 shops. Population, about 30. 

Gad's Hill, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 6 miles n. of Piedmont, 
has I store and a saw-mill. It is noted as the place where a train was 
recently stopped and plundered by ruffians. 

Gravelton, 12 miles s. s. w. of Marquand, Madison County, has 2 
stores and 2 shops. Population, about 50. 

Grangerville, on Bear Creek, in the eastern part of the county, has 
I store. Population, about 50. 

GREENVILLE, the county seat, and the oldest town in the 
county, was laid out in 1 818. It is beautifully located on the east bank of 
the St. Francis River, 14 miles e. s. e. of Piedmont, and is in one of the 
most fertile valleys in south-eastern Missouri. During the late Civil War 
about one-half of the town was destroyed by fire. It contains i Masonic 
hall, 2 stores, i hotel and i newspaper. The Greenville Times, S. B. 
Sproule, editor and publisher. Population, about 300. 

Lowndes, a p. o. 14 miles e. n. e. of Greenville, has i store and i saw 
and grist-mill. 

Mill Spring.— See Otter Creek. 

Otter Creek, (Mill Spring,) on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 8 miles s. 

of Piedmont, has 3 stores, 2 hotels and i saw-mill. Population, about 250. 

Patterson, 9 miles e. n. e. of Piedmont, is beautifully situated in the 

midst of a fine farming country. It has i hotel and 3 stores, i school, i 

debClT^'l ''^"^"°" '" '^73,^1,389,586. Taxation, ^1.55 per J5I0O. Bonded debt, #26,000 ; floating 



640 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

church — Presbyterian, O. S., and a population of about 150. The town 
was destroyed by fire during the Civil War, all but 2 houses. 

Piedmont, on the St. L, , I. M. & S. R. W. , 1 26 miles s. of St. Louis, is 
a growing town and an important shipping point. It has 1 2 stores, several 
shops, 3 private schools and 3 churches — M. E. Church South, Episcopal 
and Missionary Baptist, i planing, saw and grist mill, i tannery and i 
newspaper, Wayne Coimty Journal, H. B. Pease, editor. Population, 
about 700. 

Stephenson's Mill, on Otter Creek, 5 miles n. e. of Williamsville,. 
has I store, i grist and 2 saw mills. Population, about 50. 

"Williamsville, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., 19 miles s. of Pied- 
mont, has I store, i hotel and a saw-mill. Population, about 100. 



WEBSTER COUNTY, 

In the south-western part of the State, is bounded north by Dallas and 
Laclede Counties, east by Wright, south by Douglas and Christian, and 
west by Green and Dallas Counties, and contains 380,160 acres. 

Population in i860, 7,099; in 1870, 10,434, of whom 10,186 
were white, and 248 colored; 5,276 male and 5,158 female; 10,136 
native (5,554 born in Missouri), and 298 foreign. 

History. — The first permanent settlement was made in 1830 by 
William T. Burford from Tennessee, who located where Marshfield 
now stands. The county was organized March 3d, 1855, from parts of 
Greene and Wright, when Mr. Burford laid off and donated the site 
of Marshfield, which became the seat of justice. 

Physical Features. — The Ozark Hills extend through the center 
of the county, and many of the small tributaries of the Gasconade pass 
from the center to the north-east, while those of the White River run 
in a south-western direction from the Ozark Ridge. The surface of the 
county is rather broken and mostly timbered, and consists of upland 
barrens, with some creek bottoms and prairie. Timber is still abund- 
ant, the varieties being chiefly oak and hickory. About one-third of 
the old timber has been cut in the last twenty years, the remainder, 
together with the second growth, is thought to be adequate for all 
purposes. The county is well watered and drained by rivers, creeks 
and springs. The Gasconade, James' Fork of White River, and Finley 
Creek, all have their source in the south-eastern part, but the first flows 
north-easterly and waters little of the county. James' Fork of White 
River waters the central part, and Dry and Panther Creeks flow west- 
wardly. North Bowen and South Bowen, Taggard and Bracker 
Creeks empty into the Osage Fork of Gasconade River. The last 
is a beautiful stream flowing from the center to the north-eastern part 
of the county. Bryant, Pine and Finley Creeks flow in a south- 
easterly direction through the lower part of the county. The Pomme 
de Terre has its source near Marshfield, as does also the Niangua ; the 
head spring of one fork being within the corporation. 

About 14 miles south-south-west of Marshfield, in the neighborhood 
of some mines known as Snake Lead Diggings, there is a lake of oval 
shape, covering an area of about 2 acres. This lake, curious in many 
respects, is on the top of a hill, and locked in by a sunken wall of 
limestone, about one hundred feet in height, or more properly depth, 
for the summit of the hill seems hollowed out and lined with this 



642 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS OUR L 

limestone basin, whose walls stand perpendicularly, inclosing the lake 
solidly except on the west side, where a gap occurs that one can 
descend with the aid of two twenty-feet ladders. This mysterious lake 
has never been sounded. The crevices of the rocks surrounding the 
lake are filled with a substance resembling sperm, that burns like a candle, 
and in the basin are some old cedar logs, though no cedar grows nearer 
than 8 miles to this weird region, whose name of Devil's Den suggests 
sorcery to the superstitious. 

The mountain flats are covered with a heavy growth of post and black 
oak timber. The bottoms along the valleys of the streams are fertile, 
and are excellent for oats, grass and wheat, while the uplands, which 
comprise a large portion of the county, are well adapted to fruit-growing, 
particularly grapes. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, oats and hay; 
tobacco grows particularly well on the uplands, and is cultivated to 
considerable extent. All fruits common to the climate produce well. 
There are one or two nurseries in the county, and the culture of fruit is 
yearly receiving more attention. There are 40,000 acres of Government 
Land of rather poor quality in the county, and the A. & P. R. R. have 
about 80,000 acres of good land, which they offer for sale on liberal terms, 
at from $3 to $8 per acre.* 

The Mineral Resources are lead, iron and zinc, with some 
copper and sulphur. Lead mining is beginning to engage considerable 
attention, and there are several mines which yield lead in paying 
quantities, the principal of which are the Trusty and the Hazelwood — 
the first located about 7, and the other 12 miles s. e. of Marshfield. 
There are several other mines near Marshfield as yet only partially 
developed, but which promise well, and prospecting is going on with 
encouraging results. 

The Manufacturing Interests are confined to 8 flouring and 5 
saw-mills, and the manufactories in Marshfield. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^3,ooo,ooo.f 

Railroads. — The Atlantic & Pacific Railroad has 25 miles of track 
in the county. 

The Exports are wheat, corn, tobacco, stock and lead ore. 

The Educational Interests are yearly increasing under the public 
school system, and one of the best buildings for the purpose in South- 
west Missouri is the High School at Marshfield, which cost $30,000. 
Mountain Dale Seminary, in the south-eastern part of the county, is a 
deservedly popular school. 

♦The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, of purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St. Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix- . 

■fAssessed valuation in 1873, Ji, 516,877. Taxation, $2 per ;^ioo. Bonded debt, {10,000. Floating 
debt, {5,000. Marshfield, municipal debt for school buildings, {25,000. 



WEBSTER COUNTY. 643 

Alma, a post-office 11 miles n. e. of Marshfield. 

Bunker Hill, on the A. & P. R. R., 7 miles s. w. of Marshfield, 
contains i store and about 40 inhabitants. 

Dallas, a p. o. 12 miles s. w. of Marshfield. 

Duncan, a p. o. 13 miles e. s. e. of Marshfield. 

Elkland, a p. o. 14 miles n. w. of Marshfield. 

Hazelwood, a p. o. 12 miles s. e. of Marshfield. 

Henderson, 14 miles s. w. of Marshfield, has a church — Methodist, 
2 stores, a mill, some shops, and 100 inhabitants. 

High Prairie, a p. o. 6 miles e. of Marshfield. 

MARSHFIELD, the county seat, on the A. & P. R. R., 217 
miles from St. Louis, has a population of 1,200. This is the oldest place 
in the county, having been settled in 1830, but it grew very slowly until the 
opening of the railroad in 1870. It contains a Methodist church, costing 
;^2,ooo, about 20 stores, i furniture manufactory, 2 wagon shops and i 
weekly newspaper, the Democrat, Rosser & Bigger, editors. 

Miteomah, a p. o. 5 miles n. e. of Marshfield. 

Mornington, a p. o. 14 miles s. of Marshfield. 

Niangua, a station on the A. & P. R. R., 6 m. n. e. of Marshfield. 

Norma, a p. o. 18 miles s. e. of Marshfield. 

St. Luke.— See St. Paul. 

St. Paul, (St. Luke,) a p. o. 7 miles n. of Marshfield. 

Sand Springs, a p. o. 8 miles n. w. of Marshfield. 

Sarvis Point; a p. o. 16 miles s. s. e. of Marshfield. 

Waldo, 14 miles s. e. of Marshfield, contains a Methodist church, 2 
stores, t blacksmith shop, and about 150 inhabitants. 

White Oak Spring, 18 miles s. s. w. of Marshfield, contains a 
school-house, i store, and about 100 inhabitants. 



WORTH COUNTY, 

In the north-western part of the State, is bounded north by Iowa, east by 
Harrison County, south by Gentry, and west by Nodaway County, and 
contains 174,720 acres. 

Population in 1870, 5,004, all of whom were white; 2,593 ™a^e 
and 2,411 /emale; 4,909 native (2,004 born in Missouri), and 98 
foreign. 

History. — The first settlement in what is now Worth County, was 
made in 1840, by Lott, who located at Lott's Grove, in the north- 
eastern part of the county. In 1844, John Fletchall, Peter Vasser, Adam 
Black, Freeman O. Smith and Daniel Cox (all from Platte County,) settled 
here. A small remnant of the Musquakie tribe of Indians were then here, 
and remained until 1853, when they left for their reservation in Iowa. 
At the time of these settlements this was a part of Clinton, and afterward 
of Gentry County until February 8th, 1861, when Worth County was 
organized. 

The first settlers experienced all the hardships and privations 
incident to pioneer life. They had neither mills nor stores, and 
their staple articles of food were hominy and wild meat. The rich soil 
yielded an abundant crop of corn, and the unerring rifle of the hunter 
provided the meat. Upon occasions of ceremony, the old-fashioned 
prater was brought into service, and hominy was supplanted by the corn 
dodger. 

The population of the county was sparse until about 1854-5. At that 
time the Government Lands were thrown into the market and immigration 
immediately commenced, and has been steadily kept up ever since. The 
people are of the best character, and as thrifty, orderly, quiet and law-* 
abiding as the settlements of the older States. No wild speculations 
have ever injured the county, but its citizens have industriously accumu- 
lated wealth from the fertile soil. 

Physical Features. — The face of the country is beautifully undulat- 
ing and the prairies stretch out in gentle, regular slopes, sufficiently rolling 
to afford complete natural drainage. The soil is singularly exempt from 
the effects of either drouth or continuous rains and is unsurpassed as 
regards fertility, as is amply shown in the luxuriant growth of the native 
grasses and other vegetation. The upland prairies produce immense crops 
of grass and thousands of cattle are annually herded and fattened for market 
without the use of any other food. The river valleys are alluvial deposits, 
very productive and easily cultivated. About one-fifth of the county is 



CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 646 

timbered with oak, walnut and hickory, while the rivers and smaller 
streams are lined with a heavy growth of cottonwood, linn, elm, maple 
and ash, thus furnishing an abundant supply of fuel, fencing and building 
material so admirably distributed, that every farm is within convenient 
distance of choice timber. 

Good, pure water is abundant. The three main forks of Grand River, 
and the Platte River traverse the entire length of the county from north 
to south, and with their numerous tributaries supply water in unlimited 
quantities, and furnish water-power sufficient for ordinary manufacturing 
purposes. 

Agricultural Productions. — The great staple crops of the West — 
wheat, corn, oats and rye form the bulk of the products of this county, 
and are so successfully and profitably raised that the majority of the far- 
mers have not attempted other crops. 

Within a io^f years, however, experiments have been made in the cul- 
ture of tobacco, flax and hemp, with the most satisfactory results, and 
probably these products will in the future form a part of the annual 
exports. Clovers and cultivated grasses yield large crops and are 
being widely sown. 

Fruits of all kinds are raised easily and abundantly. The very promising 
young apple and peach orchards, just begin ing to bear, will be a source of 
great profit to those who have had the sagacity to plant and the energy to 
cultivate them. Pears, plums and small fruits generally, find here all the 
conditions favorable to their profitable growth. Grapes are produced with 
such ease that many of the farmers have planted large vineyards, and an- 
nually export large quantities to less favored localities. The heavy profit 
derived from the cultivation of the grape is inducing an increased plant- 
ing ; and the income from the vineyard will be one of the most prominent 
sources of wealth. 

Mineral Resources. — But little if any effort has been made to 
develop the minerals of this county. The whole county is underlaid 
with coal, but the abundant supply of wood for fuel has prevented its 
mining. Excellent limestone, for building or lime-making, is found 
throughout the county, — in some localities on or near the surface, and 
at others at a slight depth. 

Wealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, ;^i, 600,000.* 

Manufacturing Interests. — Therearein the county 5 flouring-mills, 
several saw-mills, i pottery, 2 carding machines, and several furniture 
manufactories. Brick, of a superior quality, is also made. 

The Exports are principally horses, cattle and hogs ; of the latter 
about 18,500 annually. Lately the exportation of large quantities of 



♦Assessed valuatioirin 1873, $1,222,279. Taxation for all purposes, $2.25 per $100. The county is free 
from debt. Its bridges, school-houses and county buildings are built and paid for. 



WORTH COUNTY. 647 

poultry for the California and Oregon markets, has made an addition to 
the profits of the farm, worthy of mention. 

The Educational Interests receive attention commensurate with 
their importance. There are 52 sub-districts in the county, each of 
which is provided with a comfortable building. The fund for the sup- 
port of these schools amounts to over $^6,000. 

Allendale, 6 miles e. of Grant City, and located in one of the best 
parts of the county, is on the highway leading from St. Joseph to Mt. 
Ayr, in Iowa, and has excellent facilities for trade. It has 7 business 
houses, 2 hotels and an excellent high school. Population about 300. 

Denver, (formerly Fairview,) the oldest town in the county, 9 miles 
s. e. of Grant City, and on the East Fork of Grand River, is flanked on 
the south-east and north by fine bodies of timber, and the prairie on the 
west is one of the best tracts of farming land in the county. It has 2 
flouring-mills, i carding machine, i pottery, 5 stores, and 2 church 
buildings, which are used by the various religious denominations. Popu- 
lation about 300. 

Fairview. — See Denver. 

GRANT CITY, the county seat, situated near the center of the 
county, 24 miles south-east from Hopkin's Station, on the Chicago Branch 
of the K. Cj.St, J. & C. B. R. R., is built on elevated ground, and com- 
mands a magnificent view of the surrounding country for miles in every 
direction. It is abundantly supplied with pure water, fuel is plenty and 
cheap, the location is healthy, and in consequence of the rapidity with which 
the country is being settled and improved, it is rapidly taking its position as 
an equal of the neighboring county seats. The first house was erected in 
1864, now it has 9 general stores, 2 of which sell drugs, i banking, real 
estate and collecting office — Munn & Farwell, i wagon and plow manufac- 
tory, I lumber yard, i saddle and harness manufactory, i tin shop, 2 ex- 
cellent hotels, a good school-house, 2 churches — United Brethren and Bap- 
tist, 2 weekly newspapers — the Gra?it City Star (Re^\ih\\c2in),]diS. M. Pierce, 
Esq., editor and publisher, and the Worth County T/V/^j (Democratic), 
published by Davidson, McCord & Co., and edited by Simeon Davidson 
and John C. Dawson. A neat and commodious court-house stands in a 
beautiful public park, and overlooks the greater part of the county. 
There is no jail, no poor-house, and not a saloon in the county, and no 
use for any of these institutions. 

Honey Grove, a post-office 5 miles n. of Grant City. 

Hudson City, a post-office 12 miles n. e. of Grant City. 

Isadora, 7 miles n. w. of Grant City, on the West Fork of Grand 
River, has on the south, east and north a splendid grove of heavy white 
oak timber, and on the west the fine farms of the Grand River Valley. 
It has a flouring-mill, a saw-mill, a carding machine, 2 general stores, 



648 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

several shops, and a neat school-house, which is used for religious wor- 
ship. Population 150. 

Oxford, located on the West Fork of Grand River, about 9 miles s. 
w. of Grant City, contains 4 business houses, i hotel, 1 flouring-mill and 
I saw-mill. Population about 150. 

Winemiller's Mills, although not a town, is a point of considerable 
importance, and is destined to become a prominent business place. It is 
located on Platte River, about 1 1 miles n. w. of Grant City, and has a 
fine water power, capable of running any machinery that may be required 
for manufacturing purposes. There is, also, a general store and post-office 
at this point. 

Worth, a post-office 12 miles w. of Grant City. 



WRIGHT COUNTY, 

In the southern part of the State, is bounded on the north by Laclede 
County, east by Texas, south by Douglas and west by Webster, and con- 
tains 414,720 acres. 

Population in 1850, 3,387; in i860, 4,508; in 1870, 5,684, of whom 
5,658 were white, and 26 colored; 2,932 male, and 2,752 female; 5,613 
native (2,991 born in Missouri), and 71 foreign. 

History. — The county was organized January 29th, 1841, and named 
for Silas Wright, of New York. The first settlements were made in 1832, 
at which time 16 persons located here. 

Physical Features. — The surface of the country is hilly and broken. 
The soil is very fertile in the valleys, and good on a large part of the 
uplands. Wright is capable of supporting a large agricultural population, 
and in this respect is not inferior to any county in southern Missouri. 

The Ozark Range passes from east to west through the southern part of 
the county, and some of the hills attain an elevation of from 400 to 500 
feet above the valleys. It is drained by the head waters of the Gascon- 
ade River, and Beaver, Dove, Whetstone, Clark, Wolf and Elk Creeks, 
and Wood's Fork of the Gasconade, and numerous other branches which 
swell the Gasconade into quite a large jstream. Along its banks the scenery 
is wild and picturesque ; the hills, which are precipitous, are covered 
with a heavy growth of fine oak and other timber. The whole 
county is well timbered with oak, sycamore, walnut, cherry, etc. 

All the larger streams abound in fish, and game being abundant, this 
section maybe called the sportsman's paradise. Fine springs are found in 
various places, furnishing excellent water power, as does also the Gascon- 
ade. Mint Spring, about 5 miles n. e. of Hartville, is supposed to 
possess medicinal properties, and Ming Springs might be utilized as a water 
power. 

The Agricultural Productions are corn, wheat, rye, oats, tobacco 
and cotton. Fruits have not yet received the attention they deserve, for 
the climate and soil are admirably adapted to certain varieties, especially 
the grape, and the hillsides now considered worthless, need but to be 
properly cultivated to yield a rich return. 

The mildness of the climate and the abundance of the wild grasses 
make stock-raising easy and profitable. The A. & P. R. R. have some 
land in the county for sale at ^5 per acre on liberal terms.* 

♦The Railroad Company requires lo per cent, pf purchase money at time of sale, the balance to be 
paid, with interest on deferred payments, in seven years ; and offers free transportation from St Louis to 
the lands. Special inducements to colonists. For full particulars see Appendix- 



650 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Mineral Resources. — Lead has been discovered, and is now being- 
mined in the south-eastern part of the county. Indications of iron 
have also been observed. Good building stone is abundant. 

The Manufacturing Interests are undeveloped, and consist only 
of a few saw and grist-mills. 

^A^ealth. — Valuation of the county per census of 1870, $1,700,000.* 

The Exports are stock, corn, wheat and rye. 

Educational Interests. — More attention is being given to the 
public schools, but there is still great room for improvement. 

Astoria, a p. o. 17 miles n. e. of Hartville. 

Grove Springs, a p. o. 15 miles n. w. of Hartville. 

HARTVILLE, the county seat, situated near the center of the 
county, on Wood's Fork of the Gasconade, 25 miles e. s. e. of Marsh- 
field, was almost obliterated by the Civil War, but is being rapidly rebuilt 
by a new population. It contains 9 stores, i hotel, and i flouring and 
saw-mill. Population about 400. 

Hickory Springs, (Mountain Grove,) 21 miles s. e. of Hartville, 
contains several stores, a grist-mill, etc. Population, about 150. 

Melville, a p. o. 22 miles n. e. of Hartville. 

Mingsville, a p. o. 20 miles n. n. e. of Hartville. 

Pleasant Valley, 10 miles s. w. of Hartville, contasns i store. 

Sacramento, a p. o. 10 miles n. e. of Hartville. 

Sunny Side, a p. o. 16 miles n. n. e. of Hartville. 

"Whetstone, a p. o. 12 miles s. e. of Hartville. 

^A(^olf Creek, a p. o. 10 miles s. of Hartville. 

Wood's Fork, 9 miles w. n. w. of Hartville, contains i store and 
I flouring-mill. 

'Assessed valuation for 1873, l*>^4>434- Taxation, $1.28 per ^zoo. Bonded debt, $3,750. Floating 
debt, $3,800. 



TOPOGRAPHY. 

By Capt. J. P. Cadman, A. M., St. Louis. 

Boundary and Geographical Position. — The State of Missouri (with 
the exception of a small projection between the St. Francis and the Mis- 
sissippi Rivers which extends to 36°) lies between the parallels of 36° 30' 
and 40° 30' north latitude, and between 12° 2' and 18° 51' longitude 
west from Washington. It is bounded on the north by the State of 
Iowa, from which it is separated for about 30 miles on the north-east by 
the Des Moines River ; on the east by the Mississippi River, that sepa- 
rates it from the States of Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee ; on the 
south by the State of Arkansas ; and on the west by the Indian Territory 
and the States of Kansas and Nebraska. 

The extreme width of Missouri, east and west, is about 348 miles ; its 
width on its northern boundary, measured from its north-west corner 
along the Iowa State Line to its intersection of the Des Moines River, is 
about 210 miles; its width on its southern boundary is about 288 miles, 
its average width is about 235 miles, which is nearly the length of a line 
run due west from St. Louis to the Kansas State border. The length 
of Missouri, north and south, not including the narrow strip between 
the St. Francis and Mississippi Rivers, that extends south from the main 
body of the State 34 miles, is about 282 miles. The longest straight 
line that can be run in the State is from its extreme north-west corner 
to its south-east corner, a distance of about 450 miles. The distance 
from the north-east corner of the State to its south-west corner is about 
320 miles. 

Area. — ^The area of Missouri is 65,350 square miles, or 41,824,000 
acres, being about 2.28 per cent, of the total territory of the United 
States, exclusive of Alaska. It is larger than any State east of, or bor- 
dering on, the Mississippi River, except Minnesota. In size, Missouri 
is the eighth State in the Union, the States that exceed it in area being 
as follows: Texas, 274,356 square miles; California, 188,981; Nevada, 
104,125; Oregon, 95,274; Minnesota, 83,530; Kansas, 81,318; and 
Nebraska, 75,995. Missouri is nearly equal in area to the three 
States of Illinois, Massachusetts and Connecticut, whose areas are 
respectively as follows: 55,410; 7,800; and 4>75o square miles. 
Missouri is a third larger than England, and is equal in size to the 
combined areas of Denmark, Holland, Belgium and Switzerland. 

Face of the Country. — This State is divided by the Missouri River 
into two distinct parts, each marked by different physical characteristics. 



652 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

That part of the State lying north of the Missouri River is less broken 
and hilly than most of that lying south of it, and exhibits a desirable 
medium between a mountainous and level country. There is an 
excellent diversity of prairie and timber land, well watered by numer- 
ous streams whose uniform course is south or south-east, emptying into 
tfrie Missouri or Mississippi Rivers. 

The following topography of the coal measures, which embrace the 
western and northern four-tenths of the State, is given by Hon. G. C. 
Broadhead, in the Geological Report of 1872 : 

"The general surface of a country is governed by the constituents of 
the underlying rock formations. Where they consist mostly of lime- 
stones which approach near the surface, we find a rugged tract of country. 
Where sandstones prevail, the slopes are more gentle. When clays or 
shales exist, we have flat land. Alternations of these will present com- 
binations of the foregoing. The coal measures include varieties of all 
these, and generally alternately arranged. The thickest entire limestone 
group is 30 feet, with shales above and below ; so, of course, our area 
of broken land is limited. The thickest groups of limestone occur in 
the lower part of the upper coal measures. Along the line of their out- 
crops may be occasionally seen rugged and steep hillsides, which char- 
acteristics may be observed from Cass County on the south, through 
Jackson, Platte, Clay, Ray, Caldwell, Daviess, Gentry, Worth and 
Harrison, Higher in the series are thick shale formations, as seen at 
Weston and St. Joseph. The country northward is flat and rolling, as 
we find through Gentry and Worth, Platte, Buchanan and De Kalb. 
Above these are alternations of thick and thin strata of limestone, with 
sandstones, shales and clays, and the resultant is the undulating and 
rolling portions of north-west Missouri, lying near and extending west 
from Platte River. The bluffs of the Missouri, in the region of the 
upper coal measures, attain an elevation of from 250 to 330 feet above 
the bottom land, and the elevation of the highest ridges inland is but 
little, if any more. The summits of the highest ridges in Nodaway 
County, above One Hundred And Two and Platte Rivers, are but little 
over 200 feet, and none of the adjacent bluffs exceed 50 feet in height; 
the same may be also said of Nodaway River, except near where it joins 
the Missouri Bluffs, where they measure 250 feet. On North Grand 
River the immediate bluffs measure from 30 to 120 feet, within the 
upper coal district. As we descend, the hills recede. Near the base of 
the upper coal series it is often 200 to 250 feet from the valleys to the 
top of remote ridges. Lower down, in the middle coal series, we have 
a great thickness of sandstones and shales, with long and very gentle 
slopes, and the bluffs near streams from 25 to 50 feet high, rising to 100 
feet at a half mile to a mile distant. We also observe another charac- 
teristic near the junction of the upper and middle measures. The upper 



TOPO GRAPH Y. 65 3 

sandstones, 100 or more feet in thickness, have been mostly denuded, 
leaving isolated mounds of sandstone, capped by lower limestones, of 
the upper coal measures. They are generally 80 to 100 feet above the 
general surface of the lower plains. This enables us to trace out the 
boundaries between the upper and middle coal series very readily. The 
mounds near Harrisonville, Cass County, reach to the top of the middle 
coal series, as also Center Knob and knobs north in Johnson County, 
and Wagon Knob in Lafayette County, and are generally capped with 
limestones, which occupy the base of the upper coal series. In Lafayette 
County we have a remarkable ridge coming in from the south-west and 
extending northwardly, just west of the line between ranges 27 and 28, 
including a width of about i mile. Grady's Knob, although separated 
from the main ridge, occupies the northern terminus of it. It is 
generally capped with limestone, but sometimes the limestone has 
been broken up and worn away, leaving exposed the underlying sand- 
stone. The denudation on the east side is apparently not so much as on 
the west, but on the west the erosion has been very great, extending to a 
depth of at least about 100 feet with a width of over 12 miles. This tract 
includes the beautiful Greenton Valley, Texas Prairie and Sniabar Valleys. 
The various branches of the Sniabar have also cut their channels through 
this valley to a depth of from 40 to 100 feet. Along the Missouri River, in 
the vicinity of the middle series, the bluffs do not attain the height found 
in the upper series. They vary in height from 100 to 165 feet. In the 
lower part of the middle coal measures, we again observe the phenomena 
of mounds capped with limestone, the base of the mounds extending 
into the lower measures. We here find evidences of a great denudation, 
for the mounds are frequently over 100 feet in height, sloping with a long 
and gentle descent, blending into the wide-stretching intervening plains. 
This is the case along the west line of Missouri from Fort Scott to Cass 
County; others occur along the border of Bates and Vernon, and 
occasionally in Henry. A range of mounds passes north-east from near 
Clinton to the north-east part of Henry County, and from thence, at 
intervals northwardly in the east part of Johnson County. The lower coal 
measures being mainly composed of sandstones and shales with but few 
limestone beds, we find the country correspondingly flat. The bluffs 
along the streams are not often over 50 feet in height, and blend into the 
higher land by gentle slopes. The southern portion of Missouri, includ- 
ing the Ozark Ridge and most of the State south of the Missouri and 
Osage Rivers, excepting the 2 western tiers of counties, is elevated from 
1,000 to 1,400 feet above the sea, and includes only lower silurian rocks, 
flanked by lower carboniferous. On the west flank near the State Line, 
the country is not often over 800 feet above the sea. On the west and 
north flank of this high land the coal measures commence. On the 
south side of the Missouri River we find the middle and lower coal not 



654 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL. 

over 800 or 900 feet above the sea. In North Missouri the same forma- 
tions are about 800 to 1,000 feet above the sea. The elevation of the 
eastern and southern outcrop of the upper coal measures near the base is 
875 to 990 feet. Toward the north-west part of the State the upper 
measures are more elevated, and may reach from 1,000 to 1,100 feet above 
the sea."* 

Nearly all that portion of the State lying south of the Missouri River 
is affected in its physical features by the Ozark Range, and the various 
ridges that branch from it. This important range of hills is probably a 
part of that ridge which starts at Long's Peak and passes through Kansas, 
entering Missouri in Jasper County, and then, traversing the State in a 
course slightly north of east, passes into Illinois at Grand Tower, and 
thence into Kentucky opposite Golconda, and finally it merges itself 
into the Cumberland Mountains. While in Kansas, this ridge divides, 
and its northern branch passes into Missouri in Cass County, and soon 
disappears near the head waters of LaMine. The southern or main 
branch of this ridge, which, as we have seen, forms the Ozark Range, is 
the divide between the waters of the Missouri River on its northern slope, 
and those of the Mississippi on its southern ; and in its course through 
the State it is marked by different characteristics. From Jasper County 
on the west, until nearly three-fourths of the distance across the State, 
the Ozarks broaden out with a wide arable summit, and are best described 
as a series of high table lands, possessing none of the essential character- 
istics of a range of mountains. Their elevation above the Mississippi 
River at St. Louis, varies from 500 to 1,500 feet, the highest points 
being found in Greene County. 

In the eastern part of Missouri, particularly in the vicinity of Iron and 
adjoining counties, the ridges are narrow, irregular and precipitous, and 
often abound in isolated hills from 400 to 850 feet high. 

The rich alluvial bottom lands of the Missouri and Mississippi are 
confined to narrow strips, (varying in width from a few feet to several 
miles), between the present channels of those rivers and the bluffs that 
line their sides. Only a very small portion of these bottoms above Cape 
Girardeau are subject to overflow. Below Cape Girardeau, these bottom 
lands become very much more extensive, and embrace several counties, a 
limited portion of whose area is swampy and subject to overflow, and 
until drained, of which the greater part is believed to be susceptible, is 
unfit for cultivation. 

Caves. — There are several very interesting and quite remarkable 
caves in the State, for a description of which, the reader is referred to 
the articles on the various counties in which they are located. 

*For more detailed description of the coal fields, their topography and development, see Physical 
Features and Mineral Resources of the difierent counties. For exact location of the mines see Campbell's 
Atlas of Missouri. 



TOPOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS. 655 

Rivers. — Two of the largest rivers in the United States, if not in the 
world, give Missouri the benefits of their navigation. The Mississippi 
River flows along the eastern border of the State for a distance (includ- 
ing its windings) of nearly 540 miles. The Missouri River courses along 
nearly one-half of the western border of the State, separating it from 
Nebraska and Kansas for a distance of about 250 miles, and then bears 
off in a direction a little south of east for 436 miles farther, until it 
reaches its confluence with the Mississippi River. Both of these rivers 
are navigable by large steamers far beyond the limits of the State. 

The principal tributaries which the Missouri River receives within the 
State, are the following : Nishnabotna, Big Tarkio, Nodaway, One Hun- 
dred And Two, Platte, Grand and Chariton Rivers, and Cedar Creek 
and Loutre River from the north ; and the Blue, Big Sniabar, LaMine, 
Osage and Gasconade from the south. The principal tributaries of the 
Mississippi River within the State are Fox, North and South Fabius, 
North, Salt and Cuivre Rivers from the north-west, and Maramec River, 
Establishment, Saline and Apple Creeks, south of the Missouri River. 
The Little, St. Francis, Black, Current, Eleven Points, Big North Fork 
of White and White Rivers drain the southern part of the State and flow 
into Arkansas. Elk and Spring Rivers flow west into Indian Territory 
and Kansas. 

For more detailed topography, see headings of Physical Features, in the 
articles on each county. 



STATISTICS. 

Compiled from the U. S. Census of 1870. 

Agriculture. — Number of farms in Missouri in 1870, 148,328; 
of which 691 had under 3 acres; 10,113 ^^d 3 and under lo acres; 
17,431 had 10 and under 20; 55,988 had 20 and under 50; 38,595 
had 50 and under 100; 24,898 had 100 and under 500; 514 had 500 
and under 1,000; and 98 had 1,000 or over. There were 21,707,220 
acres of land in farms, of which 9,130,615 acres were improved and 
12,576,605 acres were unimproved. The average size of farms was 
146 acres. The value of farms was ^392,908,047, and of farming imple- 
ments and machinery $15,596,426. Live stock on farms was as follows: 
total value, $84,285,273; number of horses, 493,969 ; mules and asses, 
111,502; milch cows, 398,515; working oxen, 65,825; other cattle, 
689*355 J sheep, 1,352,001 ; and swine, 2,306,430. Number of horses 
not on farms, 51,853; total number of horses in the States, 545,822. 
Number of neat cattle on farms, 1,153,695; not on farms, 115,370; 
total number of neat cattle, 1,269,065, Dairy products for census 



6s6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

year of 1870 were as follows: 14,455,825 lbs. of butter, 204,090 !bs. 
of cheese, and 857,704 gallons of milk (sold). Other productions 
were as follows (in bushels): spring wheat, 1,093,905; winter wheat, 
13,222,021; rye, 559^532, Indian corn, 66,034,075; oats, 16,578,- 
313; barley, 269,240; buckwheat, 36,252; tobacco, 12,320,483 lbs.; 
cotton, 1,246 bales; wool, 3,649,390 lbs.; peas and beans, 43,986 
bushels; Irish potatoes, 4,238,361 bushels; sweet potatoes, 241,253 
bushels; wine, 326,173 gallons; hay, 615,611 tons; sorghum molasses, 
1,730,171 gallons; maple moiasses; 16,317 gallons; and honey, 1,156,-- 
444 lbs. 

Area, Families and Dwellings. — Number of square miles, 65,350; 
number of persons to the square mile 26.34 ; number of families 316,917 ; 
number of persons to a family, 5.43; number of dwellings, 292,769; 
number of persons to a dwelling, 5.87. 

Blind. — The total number of blind persons in the United States 
in 1870 was 20,320 (11,343 male and 8,977 female). The total num- 
ber of blind in Missouri was 904 (503 male and 401 female); of whom 
457 were white males and 340 white females; 46 were colored males and 
61 colored females; 317 (136 white males and 140 white females; 21 
colored males and 20 colored females) born in Missouri and living in the 
State; 462 born in other States and living in Missouri; 125 foreign 
born, and 82 born in Missouri and living in other States. 

Churches. — For statistics, see article on Religious Denominations. 

Deaf and Dumb. — The total number of deaf and dumb persons 
in the United States in 1870 was 16,205 (8>9i6 male and 7,289 
females). The total number of deaf and dumb in Missouri was 790, 
(389 male and 401 female), of whom ^i^d were white males and 385 
were white females; 23 colored males and 16 colored females; 484 
(205 white males, 247 white females; 21 colored males, 11 colored 
female) born in Missouri and living in the State; 254 born in other 
States and living in Missouri; 52 foreign born, and 85 born in Mis- 
souri and living in other States. 

Education. — For statistics, see article on Education. 

Idiotic. — The total number of idiotic persons in the United States 
in 1870 was 24,527 (14,485 male and 10,042 female). The total num- 
ber of idiotic persons in Missouri was 779 (442 male and 337 female), 
of whom 396 were white males and 303 white females, 32 black males 
and 30 black females, 13 mulatto males and 4 mulatto females ; 401 
(194 white males, 152 white females, and 31 colored males and 24 
colored females) born in Missouri and living in the State ; 314 born 
In other States and living in Missouri ; 64 foreign born, and loi born 
in Missouri and living in other States. 

There were in Missouri in 1870, 8 persons (3 male and 5 female) who 
were blind, and also deaf and dumb ; 7 (6 male and i female) who were 



STATISTICS. 657 

blind and also insane; 13 (9 male and 4 female) who were blind and 
also idiotic; n (5 male and 6 female) who were deaf and dumb, and 
also insane ; and 9 (4 male and 5 female) who were deaf and dumb, 
and also idiotic. 

Insane. — The total number of insane persons in the United States 
in 1870 was 37,432 (18,219 male and 19,213 female). The total 
number of insane in Missouri was 1,263 (^^^ male and 647 female) ; 
of whom 599 were white males and 618 white females; 17 colored 
males and 29 colored females; 342 (183 white males, 140 white 
females, and 8 colored males and 1 1 colored females) born in Missouri 
and living in the State ; 489 born in other States and living in Mis- 
souri ; 432 foreign born, and 99 born in Missouri and living in other States. 

Libraries. — The number of all classes in 1870 was 5,645, containing 
1,065,638 volumes, of which 3,903 were private libraries, containing 
566,642 volumes; 1742 containing 498,996 volumes were other than 
private, of which i was a Government library, containing 12,000 volumes ; 
II were town, city, etc., libraries, containing 8,097 volumes; 125 were 
court and law libraries, containing 35,104 volumes; 50 were school, 
college, etc., libraries, containing 44,825 volumes; 1,526 were Sabbath- 
school and church libraries, containing 285,338 volumes, and 28 were 
circulating libraries, containing 112,450 volumes. 

Manufactures. — Number of industrial establishments, 11,871; steam 
engines, 1,638; water wheels, 388; employing 65,354 persons (55,904 
male, 3,884 female and 5,566 youth); capital employed, ;^8o,257,244; 
wages paid, 1^31,055,445; value of material, $115,533,269; and pro- 
ducts, $206,213,429. 

The leading industries were as follows, expressed in dollars : Agricul- 
tural implements, capital, 791,435; products, 1,588,108; bags, capital, 
536,000, products, 5,112,250; blacksmithing, capital, 849,555, products, 
2,257,211; boots and shoes, capital, 1,065,994, products, 4,099,552; 
bread, crackers, and other bakery products, capital, 697,615, products, 
3,160,053; brick, capital, 1,198,451, products, 3,148,884; bridge- 
building, capital, 1,515,100, products, 2,072,620; carpentering and build- 
ing, capital, 1,796,665, products, 15,561,086; carriages and wagons, 
capital, 1,594,679, products, 3,253,734; cars — freight and passenger, 
capital, 660,000, products, 2,200,150; mens' clothing, capital, 2,298,025, 
products, 7,271,962; flouring and grist mill products, capital, 8,913,842, 
products, 31,837,352; furniture, including chairs, capital, 2,669,630, 
products, 3,815,749; gas, capital, 2,153,350, products, 1,495,440; iron, 
forged and rolled, capital, 1,007,143, products, 1,455,000; pig iron, 
capital, 1,914,000, products, 2,991,618; iron castings (not specified), 
capital, 321,000, products, 1,182,255; iron stoves, heaters and hollow 
ware, capital, 2,787,500, products, 2,981,350; liquors, distilled, capital, 
413,400, products, 917,450; liquors, malt, capital, 4,631,050, products, 



658 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

6,519,548; liquors, vinous, capital, 680,875, products, 934,442; lumber, 
sawed, capital, 3,241,670, products, 6,363,112; machinery, steam-engines 
and boilers, capital, 2,079,900, products, 3,825,100; pork, capital, 
4,042,000, products, 13,621,995; molasses and sugar, refined, capital, 
2,000,000, products, 4,135,250; animal oil, capital, 525,000, products, 
4,100,000; painting, capital, 314,450, products, 1,556,706; paints (not 
specified) capital, 987,500, products, 2,090,850; patent medicines, 
capital, 1,049,000, products, 2,073,875; printing and publishing (not 
specified), capital, 1,797,500, products, 3,837,250; saddlery and harness, 
capital, 2,025,164, products, 5,424,635; sash, door and blinds, capital, 
1,185,000, products, 2,563,416; tin, copper and sheet-iron ware, capital, 
1,240,405, products, 2,945,460; chewing, snufifing and smoking tobacco, 
capital, 2,444,700, products, 8,356,511; and cigars, capital, 586,660, 
products, 2,059,093, 

Newspapers. — The number of all classes in 1870 was 279, annually 
issuing 47,980,422 copies, with an aggregate circulation of 522,866 
copies. There were 21 daily newspapers, circulating an aggregate of 
86,555 copies; 5 tri-weeklies, circulating an aggregate of 13,800 copies; 
225 weeklies, circulating an aggregate of 342,361 copies; 3 semi-month- 
lies, circulating an aggregate of 22,000 copies; 23 monthlies, circulating 
53,650 copies; 5 bi-monthly, circulating 1,500 copies, and i quarterly, 
circulating 3,000 copies. 

Occupations. — Number of persons in Missouri in 1870 over 10 years 
of age, 1,205,568 (632,179 male and 373,389 female), of whom 
505,556 (466,845 male and 38,711 female), were engaged in some occu- 
pation ; of these 263, 91S (262,595 niale and 1,323 female) were engaged 
in agriculture; 106,903 (75,079 male and 31,824 female) in professional 
and personal services; 54,885 (54,583 male and 302 female) in trade and 
transportation, and 79,850 (74,588 male and 5,262 female) in manufac- 
tures and mechanical and mining industries. Among those enumerated 
above as engaged in agriculture, 86,807 were agricultural laborers ; 11 
apiarists; 385 dairymen and dairywomen ; 53 farm overseers; 174,961 
farmers ; 14 florists ; 1,271 gardeners and nurserymen ; 187 stock drovers ; 
47 stock herders; 18 stock raisers, and 164 vine growers. Among those 
enumerated above as engaged in professional and personal services, were 
134 actors; 132 architects; 863 boarding and lodging house keepers; 
1,739 clergymen; 271 dentists; 29,338 domestic servants; 1,799 
employees of hotels and restaurants (not clerks); 259 civil engineers; 744 
hotel keepers, 262 journalists, 47,462 laborers (not specified), 120 land 
airveyors, 3,371 launderers and laundresses, 3,452 lawyers, 448 livery 
stable keepers, 239 nurses, 3,560 physicians and surgeons, 1,879 restau- 
rant keepers, and 4,421 teachers of various kinds. Among those 
enumerated above as engaged in trade and transportation, were 458 
bankers and brokers of money and stocks, 10,412 clerks and book keepers 



STATISTICS. 659 

in stores, banks, express companies and insurance, railroad and telegraph 
offices, 196 commercial travelers, 6,390 draymen, hackmen, teamsters, 
etc., 1,594 laborers, and 15,445 traders and dealers in books, dry goods, 
groceries, musical instruments, etc. Among those enumerated above as 
engaged in manufactures, mechanical and mining industries, were 1,104 
bakers, 5,661 blacksmiths, 3,739 were boot and shoe makers, 723 
brewers and maltsters, 1,290 brick and tile makers, 1,981 butchers, 
1,255 cabinet makers, 11,737 carpenters and joiners, 1,836 carriage 
and wagon makers, 1,945 coopers, 257 daguerreotypists and photo- 
graphers, ^6 distillers and rectifyers, 1,519 engineers and firemen, 
1,883 harness and saddle makers, 726 machinists, 1,324 marble and stone 
cutters, 3,671 brick and stone masons, 2,209 millers, 1,751 milliners and 
dress-makers, 2,631 miners, 3,226 painters and varnishers, 1,622 plasterers, 
1,844 printers; 5,243 tailors, tailoresses and seamstresses, and 1,202 tinners. 
Population of Missouri in 1810 (Territorial) 20,845 ■> i^ ^^^o 
(Territorial) 66,557; in 1830 140,455; in 1840 383,702; in 1850 
682,044; in i860, 1,182,012, of whom 1,603,146 were white, 118,503 
colored, (3,572 free and 114,931 slave) and 20 Indian; in 1870, 
1,721,295, of whom 896,347 were males and 824,948 were females; 
1,603,146 white, and 118,071 colored; 3 Chinese and 75 civilized Indi- 
ans; 1,499,028 native, of whom 5,243 were born in Alabama, 10,964 in 
Arkansas, 707 in California, 2,070 in Connecticut, 1,132 in Delaware, 
176 in Florida, 3,845 in Georgia, 72,623 in Illinois, 51,301 in Indiana, 
22,456 in Iowa, 4,940 in Kansas, 102,861 in Kentucky, 4,045 in Louisi- 
ana, 2,316 in Maine, 7,619 in Maryland, 5,731 in Massachusetts, 4j57o 
in Michigan, 1,127 in Minnesota, 3,484 in Mississippi, 874,006 in 
Missouri, 1,225 in Nebraska, 33 in Nevada, 1,384 in New Hampshire, 
3,200 in New Jersey, 31,805 in New York, 18,755 i^ North Carolina, 
76,062 in Ohio, 96 in Oregon, 35,384 in Pennsylvania, 644 in Rhode 
Island, 2,851 in South Carolina, 70,212 in Tennessee, 3,387 in Texas, 
2,961 in Vermont, 51,306 in Virginia and West Virginia, 6,282 in Wis- 
consin, 1,232 in the Territories, and 991 not stated and at sea under the 
United States flag. The total foreign born population in 1870 was 
222,267; the number having one or both parents foreign was 465,125 ; 
having foreign father, 453,264; having foreign mother, 428,770; having 
foreign father and foreign mother, 416,909. Of the foreign born popu- 
lation 1,493 '^^''^ hoxn in Austria, 536 in Belgium, 3,517 in Bohemia, 
3,448 in British America, 4 in China, 665 in Denmark, 6,293 ^^ France, 
113,618 in Germany, 74,141 in Great Britain and Ireland (14,314 in 
England, 54,983 in Ireland, 3,283 in Scotland, 1,524 in Wales, 37 in 
Great Britain — not specified) ; 1,167 in Holland, 599 in Hungary, 936 
in Italy, 90 in Mexico, 297 in Norway, 619 in Poland, 21 in Portugal, 140 
in Russia, 55 in Spain, 2,302 in Sweden, 6,597 in Switzerland and 135 
in the West Indies. 



66o CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

Wealth. — Total valuation of Missouri's real and personal estate, 
according to the census of 1870, $1,284,922,897; assessed valuation of 
the State in 1873, ^567,460,936; the State debt on January ist, 1874, as 
shown by the official report of the Fund Commissioners, was $18,148,000, 
which was made up of the following items, all bearing interest at the 
rate of 6 per cent., except Pacific Railroad (guaranteed), which is at 7 per 
cent. : Pacific Railroad, $4,398,000; St. Louis & Iron Mountain Railroad, 
$2,379,000 ; S. W. Branch Pacific Railroad, $1,455,000 ; North Missouri 
Railroad, $2,964,000; Platte County Railroad, $504,000; Cairo and 
Fulton Railroad, $392,000; Consols, $2,727,000; State debt proper, 
$439,000; North-western Lunatic Asylum, $200,000; University, 
$201,000; Pacific Railroad (guaranteed), $1,589,000; Certificate to school 
fund, $900,000 ; there is a sinking fund of $93,623. 



RAILROADS. 

By Prof. E. P. Powell, St. Louis. 

The first railroad convention in Missouri was held at the court-house 
in St. Louis April 20th, 1835, and was attended by 64 delegates from 
II counties. The convention resolved on the construction of a road 
from St. Louis to Fayette in Howard County, and of another to the 
Bellevue Valley, via Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob. That the plans of 
these pioneers were neither executed at once, nor as they were at first 
designed, is not to be wondered at. The railroad system has been 
rapidly extended and ramified through almost every section of the 
State. A peculiar feature of the main lines that traverse Missouri, is that 
each road opens up its own region and enters into no competition with 
other roads. This is of course but a temporary condition of things, 
which must give way more and more each year. The State has given 
most generous aid to the St. Louis & Iron Mountain, Missouri Pacific, 
North Missouri and Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroads. The legislature, 
at its last session, extended the bonds of the last mentioned road, in 
order to enable it to build a branch and otherwise complete its equip- 
ment. 

The Atlantic & Pacific and Missouri Pacific Railroads. — 
The main line of the Atlantic & Pacific R. R. is in operation from St. 
Louis to Vinita in Indian Territory, a distance of 364 miles. The 
Beaver Branch increases this distance to 369 miles. At Vinita, connect- 
ion is made with the M., K. & T. R. R., thus forming a short and 
direct route to all Texas points. When completed this road will form 
a most valuable route from St. Louis to the Pacific Coast, through a 
region romantic and rich. It will traverse the great South-west, which is 
untouched by any other road. Its valuable mineral and agricultural 
lands, located in the garden of America, offer very special inducements 
to those seeking for homes, or for investments. The main line of the 
Missouri Pacific R. R., which is leased by the Atlantic & Pacific R. R. 
Co. for 999 years, extends from St. Louis to Atchison, Kansas, 330 
miles. The Branch from Tipton to Boonville adds 25 miles ; that 
from Sedalia to Lexington 55 miles, and that from Carondelet to Kirk- 
wood II miles. These, with the main line, make a total of 421 miles. 
We thus find that there are under the management of one company, 
nearly 800 miles of railway. The Missouri Pacific was projected in 
1848, commenced in 1850, and completed as far as Sedalia before the 
war broke out in 1861. The disturbed state of the country delayed the 



662 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

work, although, by the energy of its projectors, it was pushed on and 
reached the State Line in 1866. Here the enterprise lay crippled until 
the State came to the rescue by releasing the public lien, and the road 
was soon in admirable working order. It is now thoroughly equipped 
and is doing an enormous and rapidly increasing business. The Atlantic 
& Pacific, and all the leased lines, are under the management of the 
energetic and popular superintendent, A. A. Talmage. The following 
figures indicate its prosperity: The number of cattle carried over the 
two combined roads in 1873 ^^s 120,950; of sheep, 22,890; of horses, 
4,645; of hogs, 228,555. 

The Burlington & South-western R. R. has 65 miles between 
Laclede and the State Line, and is now in progress from Burlington, 
Iowa, to St. Joseph, Missouri, and contemplates a branch to Kansas City. 

The Chicago & Alton R. R. leases a line of track that enters the 
State at Louisiana, and runs to Jefferson City, 100 miles, giving the citi- 
zens of this region a through route to Chicago and the East. 

The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. R. runs a Southwest- 
ern Branch 168 miles long into Missouri, connecting at Winthrop with 
an East Leavenworth Branch of 29 miles. 

The Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. has 206 miles in its main 
track, besides a branch from Quincy to Palmyra of 15 miles, another 
from Cameron Junction to Kansas City of 533^ miles, and a third from 
St. Joseph to Wintlirop of 22 miles, making a total length of 2965^ 
miles. Another branch is now projected to St. Louis. The legislature has 
recently granted important aid to this road. 

The Illinois, Missouri & Texas R. R. will run from Cape 
Girardeau through Poplar Bluff to the State Line, a distance of 86 miles. 
Of this 40 miles are graded and 15 are ironed. This road will traverse one 
of the finest timber belts in the State, and pass through immense deposits 
of iron ore. 

The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluffs R. R., 
which is consolidated with the Missouri Valley R. R., runs up the Mis- 
souri River from Kansas City to the State Line, and has a branch from 
Amazonia to Hopkins. Length of road, including both branches, 260 miles. 

The Laclede & Fort Scott R. R. is projected from Lebanon, 
Laclede County, to Fort Scott, Kansas. 

The Keokuk & Kansas City Rail\vay Company was organ- 
ized in 1865, and reorganized under its present name in 1873. It pro- 
poses to build a road through Clark, Lewis, Knox, and a line of counties 
among the richest in the State, which have been hitherto without ade- 
quate railroad facilities. The road is finislied from Salisbury to Glasgow. 

The Memphis, Carthage & Northwestern R. R. runs from 
Peirce City to Columbus, a distance of 45 miles, and is in progress to 
Independence, Kansas. 



RAILROADS. 663 

The Mississippi Valley & Western R. R. runs from Keokuk 
to Hannibal, and is in progress to St. Louis. 

The Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska R. R., from Alexandria to 
Nebraska City, has 70 miles of rail within the State of Missouri, 

The Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R., operates as a main line 
from Hannibal via Sedalia, to Denison, Texas, having 289 miles in the 
State of Missouri. The Neosho Division runs from Junction City to 
Parsons, Kansas, 156 miles, and the Osage Division from Holden to 
Paola, 53 miles. 

The Quincy, Mo. & Pacific R. R. runs from West Quincy to 
Kirksville, 70 miles, and grading is in operation on a portion of the 
western end of the proposed route. 

The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern R. ^A^.— This 
road operates 686 miles. The company is a consolidation of the St. 
Louis & Iron Mountain, Cairo, Arkansas & Texas, and the Cairo & 
Fulton, in Arkansas. The connections are with river and all roads at St. 
Louis, at Belmont with the Mobile & Ohio R. R., making a route direct 
to Nashville, to Memphis, and to New Orleans. Connection is also 
made at the same point with the river steamers. At Cairo it is connected 
with Ohio River steamers, and with the Illinois Central, Cairo & Vin- 
cennes, and Mississippi Central R. R'ds. At Newport, connection is 
made with steamers on the White River ; at Little Rock with the steam- 
ers of the Arkansas River, and the railroads center at that point; at 
Malvern for the Hot Springs, at Fulton with steamers on Red River, 
and at Texarkana with the Texas & Pacific. This road is peculiar in the 
number of its very important connections, and its close relations with 
river traffic. Passengers over the Iron Mountain R. R. in 1873 i^um- 
bered 537,276. Pounds of freight during the same year, 1,365,805,853, 
of which 580,664,835 pounds were iron ore. Since the opening of the 
road to Texarkana, it has taken its share of the great cattle trade of Texas, 
and has begun to bring large amounts of cotton to St. Louis. The com- 
pany has about 250,000 acres of land for sale in the south-eastern 
counties of Missouri, besides nearly as much more in Arkansas. Its 
headquarters are at St. Louis, and Thomas Allen is its efficient president. 

The St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern R. W., extends as 
a main line from St. Louis to Kansas City, and is 275 miles in length. 
The Northern Division extends from Moberly to Ottumwa, Iowa, where 
it connects with the principal Iowa roads. There is another branch of 
22 miles operated by this road from Centralia to Columbia, and a branch 
from Brunswick to Pattonsburg of 80 miles. The road is well built and 
admirably furnished. It intersects a portion of the State where it has no 
rival, and as a through route is exceedingly popular. It forms a direct 
connecting line for St. Paul and the North-west. At Mexico, by a con- 
nection with the Missouri Branch of the C. & A. R. R., it forms a 



664 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

desirable trunk line between Kansas City and Chicago. At Salisbury 
it makes connection for Glasgow on the Missouri River. The live stock 
shipped eastward in 1873 by this road was: of cattle, 82,674; hogs, 
19,271; sheep, 817; horses, 1,831. These figures may be set against 
the following for 1871 : cattle, 26,308; hogs, 147; sheep, 919; horses, 
140. The road is fully equipped and under the management of the 
popular superintendent, W. C. Van Horn. 

The St. Louis, Salem & Little Rock R. R. Co., was incor- 
porated in 1871. The road is built from Cuba to Salem, 41^ miles, 
with 4 miles of branch roads. 

The following narrow gauge roads are projected or in process of build- 
ing: 

The Olive Street Narrow Gauge R. R., starting at Olive street 
and curving around the city, ends at Graham Station — 12 miles. 

The St. Louis & Manchester Narrow Gauge R. R., on which 
ground was broken in March 1874. 

The St. Louis & Western Narrow Gauge R. R.,from St. Louis 
to Brunswick. This road is surveyed to the Warren County line, 54 miles. 
A branch is projected from the east line of Callaway County to Cedar 
City, the main line and branch making 210 miles. 

The Kansas City & St. Louis R. R., from Kansas City to 
Boonville via Arrow Rock. At Boonville connecting with the St. Louis 
& Western. 

The St. Louis County Narrow Gauge R. R., leaving the 
city by way of loth street, running by the side of Missouri Pacific to 
Rock Spring and thence to Creve Cceur Lake. 



EDUCATION. 

By Hon. John Monteith, State Superintendent of Public Schools. 

By the terms of the first constitution of the State, it was provided that 
•"one school or more, shall be established in each township, as soon as 
practicable and necessary, where the poor shall be taught gratis." 

The establishment of the public school system of Missouri, in its 
essential features, without restricting its benefits to the "poor," and 
with the main features of State and local organization, was effected by 
the tenth general assembly, during the administration and in accordance 
with the recommendation of Gov. Boggs, in February, 1839. 

The outline of the system as then adopted embraced : 

1. A superintendent of common schools for the State. 

2. A board of commissioners for each county. 

3. A board of trustees for each local school distric. 

A sketch of the public school system as now constituted will embrace : 

I. The main features of the organization. 

II. The officers of the system. 

III. The public school fund. 

IV. Particular institutions. 

I. THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION. 

Territorial divisions for the purposes of organization, consist of coun- 
ties, townships and districts. 

The State is divided into 114 counties; each county is divided into 
congressional townships, of 6 miles square, or fractional townships; 
these townships are again subdivided into districts. 

According to the school law of 1870, each congressional township 
constituted a district. Under the new law, approved March 26th, 1874, 
the township line is retained simply to assist in the numbering and 
designation of the school districts. Each county at present contains a 
certain number of districts numbered within the respective townships 
that embrace them. 

The ordinary district system is modified by the occasional establish- 
ment of 

Central Graded Schools, in which case, the districts so disposed 
unite for the establishment of schools with higher grades.' 

Another modification in the district system is effected by 

City and Town Organizations, in which one or more districts 
lying within an incorporated village, vote themselves into special dis- 
tricts, governed by a separate law granting special privileges. 



666 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

Most of our village, town and city graded schools, are organized in 
this way. In some instances the schools of towns and cities are 
organized under special charters, granted by the legislature, as e. g. the 
schools of St. Louis and St. Joseph. 

Constitutional Provisions. — By the organic law, the State is com- 
mitted to a comprehensive and impartial public school system. The 
constitution says, "The general assembly shall establish and maintain 
free schools for the gratuitous instruction of all persons in this State 
between the ages of 5 and 21 years." 

Compulsory attendance is permitted in the following terms: ''The 
general assembly shall have power to require by law that every child of 
sufficient mental and physical ability shall attend the public schools dur- 
ing the period between the ages of 5 and 18 years, for a time equivalent 
to 16 months, unless educated by other means." By the same funda- 
mental law, "every person who was not a qualified voter prior to the ist 
day of January, 1S76, shall, in addition to the other qualifications 
required, be able to read and write, in order to become a qualified 
voter." 

Colored schools form a supplement to the school system as now 
arranged. The law requires that a separate school for colored children 
shall be established in any district where the whole enumeration of col- 
ored children exceeds 15. The tax for the support of any such 
school is to be levied upon the property of the whole township within 
which the district is embraced ; and in case the number of pupils is less 
than 15, the directors may expend the proportion of school funds belong- 
ing to these pupils, by combining them with some adjoining district or 
in any other manner as they may see fit. Upon the failure of local 
boards to discharge their duty to colored children, it becomes the duty 
of the State Superintendent to exercise their powers. 

The present school system of the State is pre-eminently popular and 
democratic. Important business affecting the interests of the schools 
must be transacted at the annual meeting (which occurs on the first 
Tuesday of April) by a majority vote of the people, except that a special 
meeting may be called for such business when ordered by a majority of 
the voters of the district. Each district is required to keep a school at 
least four months of the year. For this length of term the directors must 
make provision. If a longer term is desired, it must be ordered by a 
majority vote of the people ; but no order can be made which would 
require a tax levy of more than one per cent, for current expenses or 
more than the same rate for building in any one year. 

II. THE OFFICERS OF THE SYSTEM. 

Corresponding to the topographical divisions of the organization, the 
officers are, the State Board of Education, the county commissioner, coun- 



EDUCATXON, 667 

ty clerk and treasurer, board of directors, city and town school board, 
and teacher. 

The supervision of the entire school interests of the State devolves 
upon the State Board of Education, composed of the State Superintendent 
of Public Schools, the Secretary of State and the Attorney General. The 
executive officer of this board is the 

State Superintendent, who is chosen by the people at the general 

election, for the term of four years. Besides such general work as is 

adapted to improve the condition of the schools, his specific duties are : 

To render decisions affecting the local application of the school law ; 

To keep a record of all the school funds, and annually to distribute to 

the counties the income of the State school funds ; 

To supervise the work of county school officers ; 

To deliver lectures, distribute educational information, visit schools, 
and to grant certificates of high qualifications ; 

To make an annual report to the general assembly, of the condition 
and necessities of the schools of the State. 

The work connected with the office of State Superintendent is more 
largely constructive than that of any other State officer. Beyond the 
circle of mere routine, there is scarcely any limit to the labor which this 
office may impose upon itself. The work of organizing a great State 
embracing a territorial surface little less than that of New England, 
furnishes a powerful incentive to the employment of all the energy, 
enthusiasm, invention and executive skill the Superintendent may be able 
'■o command. 

The County Commissioner. — This officer is elected every two 
years at the annual meetings of the school districts in each county. He 
is the successor whom the law has substituted for the former county 
superintendent. His work is to examine teachers, to distribute blanks, 
and make reports. The, emoluments of the office are not large. The 
assessment of teachers applying for examination in the sum of a dollar 
and a half, together with a moderate amount not exceeding forty dollars 
for rendering his annual report, constitute his sole remuneration. 

It is provided in the law that any county, upon a petition of a hundred 
freeholders, may vote upon a proposition to employ a commissioner 
exclusively, and upon a fixed salary, in which case the visitation of the 
schools, the holding of the institutes, and the delivering of lectures 
are enjoined. It is to be hoped that this method of supervision will 
soon prevail throughout the State. 

County Clerk and Treasurer.— The first of these officers receives 
estimates from local directors and extends them upon the tax books. 
He also keeps tlie general records of the county and township school 
funds, and returns a yearly report of the financial condition of the 
schools of his county to the State Superintendent. School taxes are 



668 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

gathered with other taxes by the regular county collector. The treasurer 
of the county is the custodian of all the funds belonging to the schools 
of his county, except in counties adopting the township organization, 
in which cases the township trustee discharges these duties. All the 
expenses of the individual districts are paid by checks or warrants 
drawn on balances deposited with the county treasurer, or township 
trustee. This arrangement is new and remains to be tested, but it is 
thought it will tend to greater care in keeping, and economy in using 
the various school moneys. 

City and Town Boards. — Districts organized under the special 
law for cities and towns are governed by a board of 6 directors, 2 of 
whom are selected annually on the second Saturday in September, and 
hold their office for 3 years. This board of directors is permitted 
to levy a tax for the support of the schools under its charge, not exceed- 
ing one-half of one per cent., (except in cities containing over 15,000 
inhabitants) and is required to keep the schools open at least 30 weeks 
in each year. Nearly all the details of school management are left to 
their voluntary regulation and discretion. Upon a vote of the people 
they may issue bonds to aid in the building of school-houses. 

Local Directors. — At the annual meeting in each school district, i 
director is elected to serve for 3 years. This arrangement gives the board 
a permanent continuity. Directors are agents of the district under the law. 
They may levy a tax not exceeding i per cent, to support a school 4 
months of the year ; they may direct the management of the school in 
respect to the choice of teacher and other details ; but in the discharge 
of all important business, such as the building of a school-house, the 
raising of a loan, or the extension of the term of school beyond the con- 
stitutional period ; they simply execute the order of the people. The 
clerk of this board may or may not himself be a director. He is the 
historian of the district ; keeps a record of the names of all children and 
youth between the ages of 5 and 2 1 ; records all business proceedings of 
the district, and reports to the annual meeting and to the county clerk 
and county commissioners. 

Teachers are required to hold a certificate from the State Superin- 
tendent or county commissioner of the county in which they are 
engaged. 

State certificates are granted only upon personal written examination 
in the common branches together with the natural sciences and higher 
mathematics. The holder of the State certificate may teach in any pub- 
lic school in the State without further examination. 

Certificates granted by county commissioners are of two classes, with 
two grades in each class. Those issued for a term longer than i year 
belong to the first class, and are susceptible of two grades, differing both 
in duration and attainment. Those issued for i year (the shortest term 



EDUCATION. 669 

allowed bylaw) may represent two grades marked by qualification alone. 
The legal school day consists of 6 hours ; the school month of 4 
weeks of 5 days each ; and the financial and statistical school year begins 
with the first Tuesday in April. 

III. PUBLIC SCHOOL FUNDS. 

Means for the support of the public schools are derived from permanent 
State, county, and township investments, and from direct local taxa- 
tion. 

The public school fund of the State has accumulated from the proceeds 
of the sale of public lands granted by the United States to this State, and 
from stocks, bonds, and other values transferred from time to time to the 
school endowment. 

An exact statement of the State school fund is as follows : 

Registered U. S. bonds 5-2o's..i $1,590,000 00 

U. S. 5-20 coupon bonds 52,100 00 

Twenty Missouri 6's '20,000 00 

Six per cent, certificate from State 900,000 00 

Current funds 27,217 00 

Total $2,589,317 00 

The interest on this fund, with 25 per cent, of the State revenue, 
constitutes the fund for the annual distribution or apportionment to all 
the children of the State between the ages of 5 and 21 years. This fund 
in March 1874, amounted to $410,269.31, which gave about 58 cents to 
each person on the enumeration. County school funds arise chiefly from 
the sale of " swamp and overflowed lands," donated by the General Gov- 
ernment to the State, amounting originally to 4,300,000 acres, and 
patented to the counties for school purposes. The sum realized from 
these sales and saved from waste, is something over $4,000,000. This 
money is loaned by county courts on real estate and personal securities, 
and the interest devoted to the yearly support of the schools. 

The township school fund has its source in a grant of land by the 
Government, consisting of section sixteen in each congressional town- 
ship, and amounting, in the aggregate, to 1,200,000 acres. The larger 
portion of these lands has been sold, and the proceeds have been 
invested by the county courts, in trust, for the benefit of the townships 
to which they belong. The annual income of the township fund is 
appropriated to the various townships, according to their respective 
proprietary claims. 

Direct taxation laid upon the taxable property of each district, supple- 
ments the support yielded by the permanent funds. In April of each 
year the local directors make an estimate of the amount necessary to 



670 CAMPBELL'S GAZE T TEE Ji OF MISSOURL 

maintain their respective schools, exclusive of the income from per- 
manent funds, and including past indebtedness; and this estimate, with a 
list of the taxable property of the district, is forwarded to the county 
clerk, who extends the assessment upon his tax books. The maximum 
limit of taxation for current expenses is one per cent., and the tax 
permitted for school-house building cannot exceed the same amount. 

School Statistics. — The following statistics are taken from the 
eighth annual report : 

School Population. — Number of children in the State between the 
ages of 5 and 21 years, 705,817, of whom 667,574 (343,540 male and 
324,034 female) were white, and 38,243 (20,591 male and 17,652 female) 
were colored. Number of children between the ages of 5 and 16, 485,249. 

Public Schools. — Number of public schools in the State, 7,829, of 
which 7,547 were for white, and 282 for colored children. 

Private Schools. — Number of private schools in the State, 661. 

Normal Schools. — Number of normal schools in the State, 3. 

State University. — There is i State university. 

Districts. — Number of districts in Missouri, 7,483. 

School Attendance. — The number of pupils enrolled during 1873, 
was 37i,-44o; of whom 194,266 were males and 177,174 were females. 
The number of pupils enrolled in private schools was 20,525 ; number 
estimated and unreported, 13,000. Total enrollment in private schools, 
33,525. Total enrollment for the State, including public and private 
schools, 404,965. Number enrolled in the university and the normal 
schools, 1,252. Daily average attendance, 210,692. 

Teachers. — The number of teachers in the State was 9,676; of whom 
6,281 were males, and 3,395 were females. Their average monthly 
wages were, for males, ^39.87, and for females, ^30.36. 

School-Houses. — The whole number of school-houses in the State 
was 7,224; of which 424 were brick, 4,636 frame, and 2,164 log- 

Financial Statement. — The total receipts for the year 1873 were 
$2,117,662, which sum was composed of the following items: Income 
from State fund, including 25 per cent. State revenue, $252,461 ; from 
county fund, $181,546; from township fund, $187,222; and income 
from taxation, $1,496,433. The total valuation of property for the 
State is $6,774,506, which sum is composed of the following items: 
Houses and grounds, $4,188,337; furniture, $310,304; (total for houses, 
grounds and furniture, $4,498,641) and St. Louis property, $2,275,865. 

The cost of education for 1873 was: Per scholar, based on enumera- 
tion, $3.00; and per scholar, based on attendance or enrollment, $5.70. 

IV. PARTICULAR INSTITUTIONS. 

Foremost among the educational institutions of the State, not under 
the government of the common school law, stands the 



EDUCATION. 671 

State University, situated at Columbia, in Boone County. It was 
established by an act of the legislature in 1839, upon an endowment pre- 
viously made by Congress, in the form of two townships of land, known 
as the Seminary Lands. This endowment had grown by accumulation 
to the value of ^100,000, when the institution was founded. The citizens 
of Boone County having offered a bonus of ;^i 17,500 for the location of 
the institution at Columbia, the county seat, the offer was accepted, and 
the corner stone of the University was laid, with appropriate ceremony, 
in that city, July 24th, 1840. The same year J. H. Lathrop, LL. D., was 
elected president. The present incumbent is Daniel Read, LL. D., 
elected in 1866. 

The supervision of the University is vested in a board of 24 curators, 
selected as follows : One from each congressional district ; four from the 
County of Boone ; five from the State Board of Agriculture, and two 
from the State at large. These trustees are appointed by the Governor 
and confirmed by the Senate. 

Besides the regular academic course, the University embraces in its 
group of schools, a preparatory department, an agricultural school, a 
college of normal instruction, a school of mines and a law school. All 
these colleges are located at Columbia, except the school of mines, which 
is established at Rolla, in Phelps County. The advantages of the 
university are extended to women on equal terms with men. All resident 
youth in the State, upon the payment of an entrance fee of ten dollars, 
are entitled to the benefits of the university, except in the strictly pro- 
fessional schools. 

University Faculty and Instructors. — Daniel Read, LL. D., 
President, Professor of Mental, Moral and Political Philosophy; Joseph 
G. Norwood, M.D., Professor of Natural Science and Natural Philoso- 
phy, and Dean of the Medical Faculty ; Joseph Ficklin, A.M., Professor 
of Mathematics, Mechanical Philosophy and Astronomy ; E. L. Rip- 
ley, A.M., Principal of College of Normal Instruction; Geo. C. Swal- 
low, M.D., LL. D., Professor of Agriculture, Geology and Botany, and 
Dean of the Agricultural Faculty; Charles P. Williams, A.M., Director 
and Professor of General and Analytical Chemistry and Metallurgy 
[Mining School]; James W. Abert, A.M., Professor of Applied Mathe- 
matics and Drawing [M. S.] ; Nelson W. Allen, A. B., Professor of Pure 
Mathematics [M. S.] ; Paul Schweitzer, Ph.D., Professor of Analytical and 
Applied Chemistry; James Kendall Hosmer, A. M., Professsor of Eng- 
lish and History; Edward Henry Twining, A.M., Professor of Latin 
Language and Literature ; John Moore Leonard, Ph. D. , Professor of Greek 
Language and Literature, and Comparative Philology ; Hon. Philemon 
Bliss, Professor of Law, and Dean of Law Faculty; Hon. Boyle Gordon, 
Professor of Law; Thomas Allen Arnold, A.M., M.D., Professor of 
\natomy and Practice; Andrew W. McAlester, A.M., M.D., Profes- 



672 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

sor of Surgery, Materia Medica and Diseases of Women and Children ;. 
George D. Emerson, M. E., Professor of Civil and Mining Engineering 
[M. S.] J R. W. Douthat, A. M., Professor of English Branches and Latin 
[M. S.]; Hon. Arnold Krekel, U. S. District Court, Lecturer on the 
Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts ; Hon. Henry S. Kelley, Lecturer on. 
Criminal Jurisprudence ; Hon. Odon Guitar, Lecturer on Special 
Branches of Equity Jurisprudence ; Chas, V. Riley, Ph. D., State Ento- 
mologist, Lecturer on Entomology; Wm. E. Glenn, M. D., Lecturer 
on Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene [M. S.] ; Prof. H. J. Detmers 
and Prof. L. J. Smith, Lecturers on Veterinary Surgery ; Scott Hayes, B. 
S., B. Ag., Assistant Professor of Agriculture; Miss Mary Brice Read, 
Teacher of the German and French; Wm. A. Cauthorn, A. M., Assis- 
tant Professor of Mathematics ; Miss Lulie Gillette, B. S., William L. 
Pratt, A. M., Caleb L. Buckmaster, Instructors in Normal and Prepara- 
tory Studies. 

Normal Schools. — Besides the college of instruction in teaching 
connected with the University, the State has established 4 schools for 
the training of teachers for our common schools. They are located 
respectively at Kirksville, Adair County, Warrensburg, Johnson County,. 
Cape Girardeau and Jefferson City. The two first named are controlled! 
each by a separate board of regents consisting of 6 gentlemen appointed 
by the governor, and the State superintendent ex officio. To these- 
schools the State devotes ;gio,ooo each, yearly. 

The schools at Cape Girardeau and Jefferson City receive an annuity 
of ;^5, 000 each. 

Kirksville School. — Previously started as a private enterprise by^ 
Prof. J. Baldwin, this institution was adopted as a State normal school 
June 2d, 1871. Kirksville is a thriving village of about 2,500 inhabit- 
ants, situated on the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway, 203 
miles north of St. Louis. An elegant and imposing building has been 
erected for this school at a cost of about $125,000. Built in the Franco- 
Norman style, the edifice is 180 feet in length, with a maximum width 
of 90 feet. It is 2 stories in height, and has a commodious basement 
and mansard roof. Arranged with a large assembly room, 1 2 recitation 
rooms, separate apartments for library, apparatus, reception, music and 
wardrobe ; this building can accommodate 700 pupils. The grounds 
embrace 15 acres, and are in every way adapted for a school of this class. 
The number of students enrolled the past year is about 600. The fol- 
lowing constitute the 

Board of Regents. — James M. DeFrance, George L. Osborne, term 
expires January, 1875 ; David S. Hooper, Bartlett Anderson, term expires 
January, 1877; John M. Oldham, Joseph M. McKinn term expires Jan- 
uary, 1879. 

Faculty for i8''3-4. — ^J. Baldwin, Principa., Science of Education 



EDUCATION. 673 

and Art of Teaching; J. M. Greenwood, Mathematics, Philosophy and 
Astronomy ; W, P. Nason, English Language, Literature and History ; 
S. S. Hamill, Elocution, Rhetoric and Esthetics; C. H. Dutcher, 
Chemistry, Geology and Latin ; H. F. Williams, Vocal Music, Penman- 
ship and Gymnastics ; Hattie A. Comings, Preceptress, Natural Science 
and Drawing; Kate Stephan, Principal of Model and Practice School; 
Helen M. Halliburton, Geography, Grammar and Drawing ; Mary Murt- 
feldt. Entomology ; Lucy Blackman, Mary Williams, Instrumental 
Music ; Assistant Teachers, Normal Students. 

"Warrensburg School, located August loth, 1872, has entered upon 
a promising career. The building is unusually fine, constructed of the 
Warrensburg sandstone, in the Lombard-Venetian style, 160 feet long 
by 80 feet wide, four stories high, with basement and mansard roof. 
At present but one story is finished. When the whole is completed the 
structure will have cost $200,000. Its general arrangement is similar 
to that of the Kirksville building. 

The Following are the Regents. — Samuel Martin, H. C. Fike, 
term expires Jan. 1875 > William Greenlee, William McLean, term 
expires Jan. 1877; A. W. Ridings, G. W. Longan, term expires Jan. 
1879. 

Present Faculty. — James Johonnot, Principal and Instructor in Pro- 
fessional Teaching ; H. H. Straight, Instructor in Natural History and 
German; Lucy J. Maltby ; Instructor in Algebra and Grammar ; Emma 
D. Straight, Instructor in Drawing and Botany; Marian Johonnot, 
Instructor in Language and History; Mary T. Houghton, Principal of 
Preparatory Department ; Laura P. Campbell, Instructor in Arithmetic 
and Penmanship ; Mary Neet, Instructor in Geograpy and Reading ; 
G. M.^Cole, Instructor in Vocal Music ; Mrs. G. M. Cole, Instructor in 
Instrumental Music. 

Cape Girardeau SchooL — By an act of the legislature approved 
March 30th, 1873, provision was made for the establishment of a normal 
school in South-east Missouri. The particular location was left to a 
competition between the counties composing the district. The school 
was established at the city of Cape Girardeau Oct. 28th, 1873, ^"^ 
opened for students on the loth day of December following. 

The government of this school is intrusted to a board of 7 regents, 
comprising 4 appointed by the governor and the State board of educa- 
tion, to. wit: 

Board of Regents. — ^John Monteith, State Supt.; Eugene F. Weigel, 
Secretary of State; H. Clay Ewing, Attorney General; State Board: 
Geo. W. Farrar, Jacob H. Burrough, for 2 years; T. J. O. Morrison, 
Charles C. Rozier, for 4 years. 

The faculty at present is not fully organized, and consists of L. H. 
Cheney, President ; Frances A. Cheney, Assistant. 



674 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 

Arrangements have been made to erect a neat and commodious build- 
ing 66 by 236 feet, with all the improvements belonging to modern 
school buildings. The school will rest upon the summit of a hill known 
as Fort "B" in war time, and commanding an extensive view of the 
Mississippi River and surrounding country. 

Lincoln Institute. — Originated as a school for the education of 
colored people, by the 62d Regiment United States Colored Infantry 
while in Texas. January 1866, the State attached a State normal depart- 
ment from which, for 6 years past, a considerable number of colored 
teachers have gone forth to operate the colored common schools of the 
State. 

The board of trustees was organized June 25 th, 1866, and the school 
was opened on the 17th of September following. The bill constituting 
Lincoln Institute a State normal school for the training of colored 
teachers, was approved Feb. 14th, 1870. The building for the accom- 
modation of the school was occupied in June 1871. 

The officers of the institution are the following : 

Trustees. — Gov. Silas Woodson, Hon. John Monteith, Dr. Wm. A. 
Curry, Mr. Howard Barnes, Hon. Arnold Krekel, Dr. Jno. G. Riddler, 
Rev. Adams Peabody, of Jefferson City ; Mr. Julius Rector, Springfield ; 
Rev. Moses Dickson, Hannibal ; John N. Gott, Boonville. 

The officers are: Gov. Silas Woodson, President; Hon. John Mon- 
teith, Vice President ; James C. Babbitt, Secretary ; Wm. A. Curry, 
Treasurer ; Adams Peabody, Arnold Krekel, Howard Barnes, Executive 
Committee. 

Teachers. — M. Henry Smith, A.M., Principal ; Miss Alice M. Gor- 
don, Miss Sarah A. Barnes, Miss Ella V. Billings,Miss Lizzie A. Lindsay, 
and Mr. Julius H. Rector, Assistants. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 

By Col. Wm F. Switzler, Editor of the Missouri Statesman, Columbia. 

The limited space allowed for this "Sketch" forbids a philosophic 
paper or literary disquisition, in which shall be displayed the embellish- 
ments of rhetoric and the fascinations of well-chosen speech. This style 
of discourse, even if we could command it, might obscure amid tropes 
and figures, dazzling illustrations, and word-pictures of classic mould, 
the historic events which it shall be our purpose to record. 

Therefore, we shall invoke the narrative rather than the argumentative 
style, discarding the mere adornments of language, and bring to view in 
chronological order many of the interesting and more important facts, 
incidents and reminiscences properly belonging to a Historical Sketch 
of Missouri ; first, at the date of its Discovery, and successively as a 
Province, District, Territory and State. 

EXPEDITION AND DISCOVERY OF DE SOTO. 

Properly belonging to the History of Missouri, though not perhaps 
inseparably connected with it, is the expedition of De Soto, which in 
May, 1541, resulted in the discovery of the * Mississippi River; for to 
the discovery of that river, and to the explorations in search of gold 
along its banks are we indebted for the first settlements in our own 
State. 

Very briefly, therefore, let us trace this discovery : 

To do this intelligently, the initial point of inquiry antedates the 
year 1512 ; for it was on Easter Sundayf in that year, that Juan Ponce 
de Leon, an old comrade of Christopher Columbus, and a Spanish navi- 
gator, discovered that portion of the American continent near St. 
Augustine, now known as the State of Florida. In honor of the day, 
and because of the luxurious verdure and beautiful flowers which covered 
the shore, he called the newly discovered country — Florida. 
^ Marvelous stories afterwards reached Spain of inexhaustible mines of 
gold in all the country north of the Gulf of Mexico, and of the existence 

* Le Page du Prats says that this name is the French contraction of the savage term Meacht Chassippi, 
which literally denotes the "Ancient Father of Rivers."— Life of Lewis F, Linn, p. 34. The most 
probable derivation of its name is Missi (or Mische) Sepe, which in the Algonquin Indian language, 
which prevails in its upper parts, means ''Great River."— Haskel and Smith's Gazetteer of the 
U. S., 1844. 

t The Spanish name for Easter Sunday is Pascua Florida. Pascua is the same as the Old English 
" Pasch " or Passover, and Pascua Florida is the " Holy-day of flowers." Hence the name of the State 
of Florida. 



676 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

of a Fountain of Eternal Youth, and various expeditions to discover and 
possess them were projected. 

Among those whose cupidity and curiosity were excited, was Ferdi- 
nand de Soto, who had been with Pizarro in the conquest of Peru. 
Sharing much of the spirit of his great captain, and ambitious to imitate 
him, he petitioned the King of Spain for permission to conquer Florida 
at his own cost, hoping in the event of success, to achieve great fame, 
immortal youth and vast riches. 

In 1538 permission was given. Collecting and splendidly equipping- 
a noble and brilliant band of over 600 followers, the most gaudily attired 
pageant which ever proposed to march through the unbroken forests of 
a new world, De Soto sailed for Florida, and in May, 1539, anchored 
his ships in Tampa Bay. 

With very little delay he entered upon his wonderful march into the 
interior, determined, notwithstanding the bloody resistance of the 
Indians, and sad disappointments in the failure to discover mines of gold, 
to succeed or perish in the effort. 

On and on the stern and intrepid Spaniard wandered through tangled 
forests and over deep morasses, finding neither gold nor precious stones, 
nor cities rich in treasure and merchandise, nor Fountain of Youth, 
until in May, 1541, he reached the banks of the Great River of the 
West, and thus achieved immortality. 

The point at which De Soto first encountered the Mississippi was not 
far from the 35th parallel of latitude, at the Lower Chickasaw Bluffs, a 
few miles below Memphis. 

His arrival awakened much curiosity and fear among the Dacotah 
tribe of Indians, who inhabited the western bank. Therefore a great 
multitude of them, armed with bows and arrows, and richly painted and 
gaily decorated with tall plumes of white feathers, their chiefs sitting 
under awnings as magnificent as the natives could weave, came rowing 
down the river in a fleet of two hundred canoes, bringing to the 
delighted Spaniards gifts of fish, and loaves made of the persimmon. 

The boats of the Indians being too frail to transport horses, De Soto's 
expedition paused to construct barges in which to cross the stream. 
Having successfully reached the west bank, the explorers pursued their 
way northward into the region now known as New Madrid in our own 
State. 

Overcome by disappointment and disasters, and enfeebled by sickness,. 
De Soto died on May 21st, 1542, at a place called Guacoya on the 
Mississippi. 

The priests chanted over his body the first requiem ever heard on the 
waters of the Mississippi. 

To conceal his death he was wrapped in a mantle, and in the stillness 
of midnight all that was mortal of Ferdinand De Soto was sunk in the 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 677 

middle of the stream. The discoverer of the Mississippi slept beneath 
its waters. He who had crossed the Atlantic and a large part of the 
continent in search of gold and the Fountain of Youth, found nothing so 
remarkable as his own burial place.* 

Such was the first visit of Europeans into the country now known as 
Missouri, and into the great western valley of North America. 

These explorers came splendidly and gorgeously equipped, with richly 
caparisoned horses, their riders glittering with burnished steel, scarlet 
plumes and silks of gaudy hue. They found no settlement and left no 
traces of civilization. Indeed so fruitless of good and so full of dis- 
aster was this expedition, although entered upon with wondrous pomp 
and pageantry, that for more than a century after its close the West 
remained utterly unknown to the white man. 

LOUISIANA — FRENCH EXPLORATIONS. 

As the portion of country now known as Missouri formed a part of 
Louisiana, which was purchased from France by the United States in 
1803, during the administration of Mr. Jefferson, it lies directly in the 
track of our "Sketch," to mark the origin and progress of the French 
power in North America. 

Spain, France and England were the three great colonizing powers 
that with various success and great activity projected expeditions of dis- 
covery and settlement in this division of the continent. And one sur- 
prising coincidence is true of them, namely, the Spaniards planted their 
first colony east of the Mississippi on the barren sands of Florida ; the 
French, their first in the icy and inhospitable region of Quebec, and the 
English, at Jamestown, in Virginia, in no way remarkable for its fertility, 
and at Plymouth, in Massachusetts, "a stern and rock-bound coast." 

From these feeble and unpromising settlements radiated the conquests 
and colonies of the three great nations we have named. 

The Spaniards, although at this period less enlightened than the 
French, had the advantage of larger experience ; and therefore their 
colonial policy was not based on theory or fancy. The English were 
characterized by more fixedness of purpose and greater perseverance 
than either of their rivals, and yet the French, by their superior apti- 
tude in assimilating with the savages and adroitness in winning their 
confidence, had a clear advantage over both. 

While therefore the English were planting along the coast of the 
Atlantic some of the most flourishing colonies of the New World, the 
French were penetrating the Indian tribes who inhabited the northern 
interior of the continent, navigating in bark canoes the mighty rivers, 
and coasting the shores of the boundless lakes of the country. They 

*Tracy's American Historical Reader, pp. 104-5. 



678 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

displayed remarkable enterprise and address, and although beset on all 
sides by great and singular perils, accomplished extensive explorations. 

MAP'UETTE AND JOLIET. 

We cannot follow the French colonies into Canada, along the shores 
of the St. Lawrence, and of Lakes Erie, Huron and Ontario ; but this 
Historic Sketch would be incomplete did w-e not refer to the expedition 
in search of the Mississippi by Marquette and Joliet. 

On the 13th of May, 1673, these two French Missionaries, together 
with five boatmen, left the strait connecting Lakes Michigan and Huron, 
called Michilimackinac (or Mackinac) in two bark canoes in search of 
the Great River of the West. They passed down Lake Michigan and 
through Green Bay into Fox River, and crossed the Portage (carrying 
their canoes) to the westward flowing river, the '* Ouisconsin " (Wiscon- 
sin). Down this stream they floated to its confluence with the Missis- 
sippi, which they reached June 17th, 1673 — the Wisconsin joining the 
Mississippi a few miles below what is now known as Prairie du Chien. 
Surrendering their frail bark to the swift current of the river they 
descended to the mouth of the Illinois, and then to the mouth of the 
Missouri, called by Marquette Pekitonoiii, that is, "Muddy Water."* 

Thus we have seen that De Soto, Marquette and Joliet — the first named 
in 1 5 41 in the region of New Madrid, and the last two 132 years after- 
ward at the mouth of the Missouri — were the first Europeans who entered 
the territory now forming our great State. 

Leaving the mouth of the **Pekitonoui," Marquette and Joliet 
descended the Mississippi, passing the present site of St. Louis without 
making special note of it, to the mouth of the Ohio, and as far down as 
the mouth of the ** Arkamsas," or Arkansas. From the last point they 
returned to the north and reached Green Bay in September of the same year. 

LA SALLE AND HENNEPIN. 

*' While the simple-hearted and true Marquette" says Peck in the 
** Annals of the West" "was pursuing his labors of love in the West, two 
men differing widely from him and each other, were preparing to follow 
in his footsteps, and perfect the discoveries so well begun by him and 
Joliet. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin." La Salle 
was a native of Normandy ; was brought up by the Jesuits, and a man of 
enterprise and intelligence. For some cause, about which it is unneces- 
sary to inquire, he lost his patrimony in his native country, and about 
1670 reached Canada very poor. 

* In Shea's " Discovery of the Mississippi Valley," there is a note on this word, to the effect that 
*• Pekitanoui," or Muddy Water, prevailed till Marest's time (1712'), about which period it was called 
"Missouri," from the fact that a tribe of Indians known as MissouRis inhabited the country at its 
mouth, the same country being now embraced within the limits of St. Louis County. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH, 679 

Sharing the conviction which prevailed among scientific men of that 
period, that there was from the great lakes a north-west passage to China 
and Japan, La Salle, about the time of the return of Marquette, was busy 
in organizing an expedition to discover it. He was not only ambitious 
to establish his own fortune and reputation, but zealous for the honor of 
his nation to signalize the French name by the splendor of the achieve- 
ment. 

Frontenac was then governor-general of Canada, and to him La Salle 
unfolded his plans and applied for assistance. Frontenac deeply sympa- 
thized with his views, and advised him to visit Louis XIV, then reign- 
ing sovereign of France, make known his embryo but gigantic scheme, 
and solicit the royal patronage and protection. 

He did so ; received the King's favor and a tender of assistance with 
letters patent and important discretionary powers. 

On the 14th of July, 1678, La Salle, with Tonti, an Italian, and about 
thirty men, sailed from Rochelle, France, for Quebec in Canada, arriv- 
ing in safety in September. 

Preparations were at once made for the contemplated western expedi- 
tion, the design of which was to discover the Mississippi, and to follow 
it to its source as well as to its supposed entrance into the Gulf of Mex- 
ico. In this enterprise La Salle and party were joined by Louis Henne- 
pin, who was a Franciscan friar, and a man very ambitious to become a 
great discoverer, but who withal possessed the weakness of exaggerating 
his own powers and exploits. 

The limits of this "Sketch " forbid our following step by step the vary- 
ing fortunes of these explorers. Suffice it to say, that after leaving Fort 
Frontenac in November 1678, about eighteen months were spent in 
explorations on the northern lakes, along the coasts of the rivers, and 
among the tribes of Indians which inhabited the country now embraced 
by the States of Wisconsin and Illinois, during which they encountered 
many hardships and perils, and at the lower end of Lake Erie built a 
small vessel called the Griffin, and near the present site of Peoria, on the 
Illinois River, a fort, which from their disappointments they named 
Creve-Coeur, or Broken Heart. 

In order more expeditiously to explore the northern and southern 
country, La Salle finally adopted this programme : That Father Henne- 
pin should ascend the Mississippi to its source ; that Tonti should remain 
at Creve-Cceur, while he should descend the Mississippi to its mouth. 
Accordingly, Hennepin embarked on the 28th of February, 1680; and 
having passed down the Illinois into the Mississippi, ascended the 
latter as high as the Falls of St. Anthony— so named by him in honor of 
his patron saint. Shortly after he was taken prisoner by the Sioux 
Indians, robbed of his property, and carried 200 miles to their village. 
But he soon made his escape, and returned to Canada by the way of 



68o CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

the Wisconsin ; and thence he sailed immediately for France, where in 
1684 he published an account of his travels.* 

DISCOVERY OF THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI. 

La Salle, after visiting Canada for additional supplies and to perfect 
arrangements for his great expedition, returned to Creve- Cozur. Tarry- 
ing at this fort but a short time, he, accompanied by about twenty French- 
men, eighteen Indians and ten Indian women, to act as servants for their 
lazy mates, descended the Illinois River to the Mississippi, where he 
arrived on the 6th of February, 1682. On the 13th of the same month 
he commenced his downward passage, and on the 5th of April accom- 
plished the grand purpose of the expedition by the discovery of the three 
mouths or passages, through which the great river discharges its waters 
into the Gulf of Mexico. 

Three days afterwards, that is on April 9th, 1682, La Salle, by a cer- 
emony of great pomp, took formal possession of the country in the name 
of Louis XIV, the reigning King of France, in honor of whom he called 
the country Louisiana. 

About three leagues from tJie confluence of the great middle outlet 
with the Gulf, on a dry spot above the reach of inundations. La Salle 
prepared a column and a cross, affixing to the column the arms of France 
with this inscription • 

"LOUIS LE GRAND, ROI DE FRANCE ET DE NAVARRE, REGNE J LE NEU- 

VIEME AVRIL, 1682." 

The whole party, under arms, chanted the Te Deum, the Exaudiat, the 
Dotnine Salvum fac Regem; and then, after a salute of firearms and 
cries of Vive le Roi, the column was erected by La Salle, who, standing 
near it, proclaimed with a loud voice, that "in the name of the most 
high, mighty, invincible and victorious Prince, Louis the Great, by the 
grace of God, King of France and of Navarre, fourteenth of the name, 
this 9th day of April, 1682," he took possession of the country of 
Louisiana, comprising almost indefinite limits and including of course 
the present territory of Missouri.f 

* L. C. Beck's Gazetteer, 1823, p. 51. "Annals of the West " by J. M. Peck 1850, pp. 40-41. The 
Tolume published by Hennepin he called "A Description of Louisiana." Thirteen years after its appear- 
ance he issued it in a new and enlarged form, with the title " New Discovery of a Vast Country situated 
in America, between New Mexico and the Frozen Ocean." In this edition Hennepin claims to have 
violated La Salle's irLstructions and to have gone down the Mississippi to its mouth before ascending it. 
But this is a shameful imposture, for he took the account of his pretended descent from the work of 
Le Clercq, published in 1691. 

t After this discovery La Salle returned to Canada, then to France, and in July 1684, under the patron- 
age of the King sailed from Rochelle for America with 24 vessels, four of which were specially designed 
for the re-discovery (from the Gulf of Mexico) of the mouth of the Mississippi and the settlement of the 
far-famed Louisiana. But La Salle's vessels sailed far beyond the Mississippi, landed on the coast of 
Texas, quarrels arose among his party, and on the 20th of March, 1687, La Salle was assassinated by 
Duhant and buried on a branch of the Brazos. — " Annals of the West," pp. 41-54. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 68 1 

By right of the discovery thus made, and in virtue of the ceremonies 
indicated, was the foundation laid for the claim of France to the Missis- 
sippi Valley, according to the usages of European powers. 

Singularly enough, for a long period after the discovery of the Missis- 
sippi by De Soto in 15 41, the French settlements along that stream, all 
of which were projected in the interest of gold and silver mining, were 
confined altogether to the east bank. Finally, however, in the year 
1705, just a century preceding the well-known expedition of Lewis and 
Clarke up the same river, the French organized a prospecting party for 
the Missouri River, which they ascended to the mouth of the Kansas. 

It is not recorded that this expedition, the first in chronological order 
€ver made up the Missouri River, resulted in the discovery of any of the 
precious metals. 

LETTERS PATENT TO CROZAT. 

About this period it is known that the wars in Europe rendered it 
necessary that France should husband all her resources, and to a large 
extent withdraw attention and supplies of men and money from the 
colony of Louisiana. Determined, if possible, to keep the colony out of 
the hands of his enemies, the King of France, as a dernier ressort, on 
September 14th, 1712, conveyed it by charter or letters patent to Crozat, 
a man of reputed intelligence and great force of character, and withal of 
immense wealth and credit. 

It was provided in this charter that the "edicts, ordinances, customs 
of Paris, etc., were to be observed for laws in the said country of Louisi- 
ana." Therefore, the customs of Paris, etc., whatever they were, in 
connection with the common or civil law, constituted the laws of the 
province, with such modifications as were necessary to adapt them to a 
new and distant country. 

The first governor under Crozat was M. de la Motte, who arrived and 
assumed the reins of power in 1 713. 

Inexhaustible mines of gold and silver, prolific in yield beyond the 
historic richness of Peru and Golconda, opened themselves to the 
■enchanted fancy of this Frenchman. Vast sums were expended to dis- 
cover the priceless deposits, but in vain. A five years' experience, 
singularly marked by disappointment and disaster, induced Crozat in 
1717 to return his patent to the King. 

JOHN law's company OF THE WEST. 

Following this in quick succession the colony of Louisiana was trans- 
ferred to the Company of the West, of which the celebrated John 
Law was the master spirit. Law was an adventurous Scotchman, whose 
financial speculations attained the acme of human folly in the disastrous 



682 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

explosion of the bank which he was authorized to establish in connection 
with the Company, a bank whose worthless notes were in circulation 
to an amount exceeding two hundred millions of dollars. 

Overwhelmed by irretrievable ruin, the charter of the Company of 
the West was surrendered to the Crown in 1731. 

Nevertheless, the enterprise of Law was not an unmixed evil. It 
quickened the tide of immigration of miners, mechanics and agricul- 
turists to the territories of Illinois and Missouri, and settlements for the 
first time began to dot both banks of the Mississippi. 

The cultivation of tobacco, indigo, rice and silk was introduced, the 
lead mines of Missouri were opened, in the hope of finding silver j and 
in Illinois the culture of wheat was commenced. 

It is proper to remark that, although the country included within the 
present limits of Missouri excited the attention of the French in conse- 
quence of its mineral resources, their settlements were generally confined 
to the east bank of the Mississippi. When, however, by the treaty of 
Paris, 1 763, the Mississippi became the boundary between the possessions 
of England and France, many of the French inhabitants preferring their 
old to their new masters, crossed the river and commenced new settle- 
ments; for it should be recollected that, although the territory west of 
the Mississippi was ceded to Spain in 1762, the fact was not known to 
the colonists until two years afterwards, to-wit: April 21st, 1764. 

FIRST SETTLEMENTS IN MISSOURI. 

While all historians agree, we believe, as to the place of the first per- 
manent settlements in the territory now known as the State of Missouri \ 
to-wit : that they were made at Ste. Genevieve and New Bourbon, 
there is an embarrassing conflict of authority as to the date of those set- 
tlements. Mr. Lewis C. Beck fixes them in his Gazetteer, published 
in 1823, page 214, in the autumn of 1763, while others believe them 
to have occurred at an earlier period. 

For example : A letter- from Hon. Gustavus St. Gem, dated Ste. Gen- 
evieve, Mo., Sept. i8th, 1873, and addressed to the writer of this 
Sketch, says: "I find, in looking over the old papers of my grand- 
father, in possession of my sister, Mrs. Menard, and carefully preserved 
by her as precious family relics, that my great-grandfather purchased of 
Mr. Gabouri a house with lot of two arpents of land, in the ' Post of 
Ste. Genevieve of the Illinois,' on the 29th day of Dec. 1754, thus 
showing that the town had evidently been settled several, nay, many 
years before the date of his purchase. There is, in my opinion, no cor- 
rect data written or of record fixing the exact time when the place was 
settled ; but we have it here by tradition that the first white inhabitants 
came over here from Kaskaskia about the year 1735. Kaskaskia 
was then the metropolis of the West, with a population estimated at 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 683 

6,000 souls. It was from Kaskaskia that Ste. Genevieve, St. Louis, Kaho- 
kia, St. Charles, Portage des Sioux and other early settlements, for many- 
years obtained their supplies of goods and merchandise, and it was the 
opulent and proud inhabitants of Kaskaskia, who gave the derisive 
names of Misere to Ste. Genevieve, Pain Court (short of bread) to St. 
Louis, Vide Poche (empty pocket) to Carondelet, Pouilleux (lousy) to 
the people of Kahokia, etc. The town or ' post * of Ste. Genevieve 
was located by its first settlers in the river bottom three miles south or 
south-east of its present site. It was completely inundated in 1785, 
r annee des grandes eaux, when the inhabitants were driven for safety to 
the elevations, and founded the present town. So the town now dates 
from the year 1785. New Bourbon was settled only after the French 
revolution of 1789, by Royalists who fled from France and exiled them- 
selves at this place two miles south of Ste. Genevieve, and called their 
settlement New Bourbon, after that detestable dynasty which kept France 
under an iron rule and crushing tyranny for so many long centuries. 
But the place never thrived, and, like the Bourbons, there is nothing left 
of it except a few landmarks. The settlers of New Bourbon were Camile 
Delassus and Mr. Demunn of the ancienne noblesse. ' ' 

ST. LOUIS — LIGUEST CHOUTEAU. 

During the year 1763, Pierre Laclede Liguest* obtained from M. 
D' Abbadie, then Director-General as well as civil and military commander 
of Louisiana, a monopoly of the " fur trade with the Indians of Missouri 
and those west of the Mississippi above the Missouri, as far north as the 
river St. Peter." This company was organized as the firm of 
Laclede, Maxan & Co., but was popularly known as the Louisiana Fur 
Company, f 

The transfer of Louisiana to the Spanish, was a source of general 
sorrow to the people, but so mild was the new rule that the inhabit- 
ants soon ceased to regard it as a misfortune. In 1801, the territory 
was retroceded to the French, who however never took possession of 
Upper Louisiana again, save during the one day from March 9th, 1804, 
to March loth, 1804, when it was held by Capt. Stoddard as the tem- 
porary representative of the French Government. 

TERRITORY OF LOUISIANA. 

Negotiations for the transfer of the Province of Louisiana to the 
United States being about completed, Congress was convened on the 

* Apparently the reasons are conclusive that the family name of the founder of St. Louis was Liguest 
and not Laclede. Therefore that name is here used, although from hahit my personal preference is for 
I^clede. 

t For the early history of St. Louis, and the part taken by Messrs. Liguest and Chouteau, see History of 
St. Louis, page 517. 



684 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

17th of October, 1803, and the treaty was at once laid before the Amer- 
ican Senate and ratified by that body. On the 31st of the same month, 
an act was passed by which the President was authorized to take posses- 
sion of the territory, in conformity with the treaty of Paris; and on the 
20th otJDecember, 1803, the formal transfer of Lower Louisiana was made to 
Wm. C. C. Claiborne and James Wilkinson, commissioners of the United 
States, by M. Laussat, the colonial prefect at New Orleans of the French 
Republic. On the 26th of March, 1804, Congress passed an act divid- 
ing the province into two territories, denominating the southern " The 
Territory of Orleans,"" and the northern "The District of Louis- 
iana." The latter district embraced within its boundaries all that portion 
of the province which lay north of ** Hope Encampment," a place on 
the Mississippi near the Chickasaw Bluffs, including the territory now 
embraced by the States of Arkansas, Missouri and Iowa, a large part of 
the territory of Minnesota, and all the vast regions of the west to the 
Pacific Ocean, south of the forty-ninth degree of north latitude, not 
claimed by Spain. 

Of the district of Louisiana thus defined, sometimes popularly called 
Upper Louisiana, and with a total population of only about ten 
thousand souls, in the month of March 1804, formal possession was taken 
by Capt. Amos Stoddard, of the United States army ; the keys and pub- 
lic papers were peacefully delivered up by Don Charles Dehault Delassus, 
the lieutenant-governor, and the American flag for the first time floated 
west of the Mississippi, over the government house at St. Louis. 

By an act of Congress passed on the 3d of March, 1805, the Territory 
of Louisiana was regularly organized, and Mr. Jefferson immediately 
appointed Gen. James Wilkinson governor, and Frederick Bates secre- 
tary. The governor, with judges Return J. Meigs and John B. C. Lucas, 
of the superior court, constituted the legislature of the Territory. 

Fort Belle Fontaine, situated on the south side of the Missouri River, 
four miles above its mouth, and in what is now St. Louis County, was 
established by Gen. Wilkinson in 1806. Being ordered south to assist 
in quelling the celebrated Aaron Burr conspiracy, the fort was abandoned 
soon after its establishment, and in 1807 Gen. Wilkinson was succeeded 
in the gubernatorial office by Capt. Merriwether Lewis, of the celebrated 
expedition of Lewis and Clarke. In September of 1809, while passing 
through Tennessee on his way to Washington on official business, Gov. 
Lewis, being subject to constitutional hypochondria, and while under the 
influence of a severe attack, shot and killed himself at the age of 
thirty-five. 

MISSOURI AS A TERRITORY. 

On the 4th of June, 181 2, Missouri was organized by Congress into a 
territory, with a governor and general assembly. The legislative 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 685 

power of the territory was vested in a governor, legislative council, and 
house of representatives. The governor had an absolute veto. The 
legislative council consisted of nine members, and held their office for 
five years. The house of representatives nominated eighteen citizens to 
the President of the United States, and out of that number he selected 
nine counsellors, to form the legislative council. The house of repre- 
sentatives consisted of members chosen by the people every two years, 
one represenTative being allowed for every five hundred white males. 
The first house of representatives consisted of thirteen members, and, 
under the act of Congress, the number of representatives could never 
exceed twenty-five. The legislature was required to hold annual sessions 
in St. Louis. The judicial power of the Territory was vested in a superior 
court, inferior courts, and justices of the peace. The superior court con- 
sisted of three judges, who held their offices for four years, and had original 
and appellate jurisdiction, in civil and criminal cases. By the same act 
the Territory was authorized to send one territorial delegate to Congress.* 

The first territorial governor appointed by the President was William 
Clarke, who entered upon his duties in 1813, and continued to hold the 
office till 1820. Gov. Clarke died in St. Louis on Sept. ist, 1838. At the 
first election for delegate to Congress in October 181 2, there were four 
candidates — Edward Hempstead, Rufus Easton, Samuel Hammond and 
Matthew Lyon, the first of whom was successful. 

The first general assembly held its first meeting in the house of Joseph 
Robidoux, between Walnut and Elm streets, St. Louis, on the 7th of 
December, 181 2, the following being the members of the House: St. 
Charles — John Pitman and Robert Spencer; St. Louis — David Musick, 
Bernard G. Farrar, Wm. C. Carr and Richard Caulk ; Ste. Genevieve — 
George Bullett, Richard S. Thomas and Isaac McGready ; Cape Girard- 
eau — Geo. F. Bollinger and Spencer Byrd ; New Madrid — ^John Shrader 
and Samuel Phillips. 

The oath of office was administered by John B. C. Lucas, one of the 
judges of the superior court. Wm. C. Carr was elected speaker, and 
Thos. F. Riddick, clerk, pro tern. Andrew Scott was elected permanent 
clerk before the close of the session. 

The house of representatives then proceeded to nominate eighteen 
persons, from whom the President or the United States, with the 
Senate, was to select nine for the council ; and out of the number 
thus named the President and Senate chose the following : James 
Flaugherty and Benjamin Emmons of St. Charles ; Auguste Chouteau, 
Sr., and Samuel Hammond of St. Louis; John Scott and James 
Maxwell of Ste. Genevieve ; Wm. Neely and Joseph Cavener of Cape 
Girardeau, and Joseph Hunter of New Madrid. 

* See Preface to Revised Statutes of Missouri, 1845. 



686 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS QUEL 

The fact that these persons had been appointed and confirmed mem- 
bers of the territorial council, was officially announced by Frederick 
Bates, Acting Governor, in a proclamation dated June 3d, 181 3. This 
proclamation also fixed the first Monday of July following, for the 
meeting of the general assembly. 

Among the laws passed at this session, was one establishing courts of 
common pleas, one incorporating the Bank of St. Louis, and one estab- 
lishing the County of Washington out of a portion of Ste. Genevieve. 

On December 6th, 181 3, the second session of the general assembly 
met in St. Louis. The following were its officers : Speaker of the 
House, George Bullett, of Ste. Genevieve ; clerk, Andrew Scott ; door- 
keeper, William Sullivan. Isaac McGready appeared as the member 
from the new county of Washington. Samuel Hammond, of St. Louis, 
was president of the council. 

The Assembly adjourned sine die on the 19th of January, 1814. Dur- 
ing this session, the boundaries of the Counties of St. Charles, Cape 
Girardeau, New Madrid and Arkansas were defined. 

The second territorial general assembly, met in St. Louis, Decem- 
ber 5th, 1814. The third, in November, 1815. During its session 
many changes were made in the statutory law ; but of these, far the 
most important was an act introduced by Mathias McGirk, and passed on 
the 19th January, 1816, by which the common law of England, of 
a general nature, and the statutes of England, passed prior to the fourth 
year of James I, of a general nature, were adopted as the laws of Mis- 
souri ; provided the same were not repugnant to the constitution and 
laws of the United States, and the statutes of the territory. By the same 
act, the right of survivorship among joint tenants, and estates in entail, 
was finally abolished. 

Then the civil law ceased to be the ground-work of the laws of the 
Territory, and the common law took its place. 

On the 23d January, 1816, Howard County was formed out of the 
western parts of the counties of St. Charles and St. Louis, and included 
all the country on the north side of the Missouri river, from the mouth 
of the Osage to the mouth of the Kansas. Commissioners to locate the 
county seat : Wm. Head, Benj. Estill, David Jones, David Kincaid 
and Stephen Cole. 

On the 29th April, 1816, another act of Congress was passed, by 
which the legislative council was required to be elected by the people for 
two years, and the legislative sessions were made biennial instead of 
annual. It also authorized the legislature to require the judges of the 
superior courts to act as circuit court judges, and, as such, to hold regu- 
lar terms in all the counties in the territory. To the circuit courts was 
given original jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases, and in all chan- 
cery proceedings. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 687 

The general assembly under this act, commenced in December, 
1816, and continued till February ist, 181 7. During this session, 
the old Bank of Missouri was incorporated. 

In the year 181 7, a digest of the statutes of Missouri was prepared by 
Henry S. Geyer, Esq., to which was appended a form book, and some 
of the acts of Congress, and documents originating under the colonial 
government of Spain. 

On the 8th of December, 1818, an act was passed creating, the County 
of Jefferson; on the nth of same month, Franklin County was formed ; 
on the same day, Wayne; on the 14th of December, Lincoln, Pike, 
Madison and Montgomery Counties were formed; on the 17th of Decem- 
ber, Cooper County was erected. During that session, many statutes 
were passed; the most important of which was the enactment of the 
statute of limitations, in relation to real estate, limiting the right of 
entry to twenty years. This act was passed on the 17th of December, 
1 818. At the same session the legislature made application to Congress 
to organize a State government. 

THE NEW MADRID EARTHQUAKES. 

The first shock of the earthquake at New Madrid was felt on the night 
of December 16th, 181 1, and was repeated at intervals, with decreasing 
violence, for several weeks. The center of its violence, as stated by Dr. 
Hildreth, was near the settlement of Little Prairie, 25 or 30 miles below 
New Madrid. 

During the ill-starred night of December i6th a flotilla of flat boats, 
laden with provisions for the southern trade, was at anchor some miles 
below the town, and the boatmen describe the phenomenon as one of 
terrific grandeur. [For description of the earthquake and incidents, see 
page 394]- 

NEW MADRID CLAIMS. 

Mucn of the farming land of the county was destroyed by this calamity, 
and the suffering inhabitants received the sympathies of the American 
people. Among the important acts of Congress, for the relief of the 
inhabitants who sustained losses of real estate from the result of the 
calamity, was that of February 17th, 1815, an act which originated the 
" New Madrid Claims." This act provided that any person owning lands 
in the county, as it was known on the loth of November, 181 2, and 
whose lands were materially injured by the catastrophe, was authorized to 
locate a like quantity on any of the public lands of the territory of 
Missouri, no location, however, to embrace more than 640 acres. 

Many of these locations were made on the most fertile lands in Boone, 
Howard, Chariton and other counties ; and in many instances without 
-regard to the lines and angles of the public surveys. Land pirates and 



688 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

Sipeculators infested the country, and, taking advantage of the wants and 
ignorance of the sufferers by the earthquake, bought up and speculated on 
their "claims." Many claims were fraudulently manufactured and sus- 
tained by perjury, so that in the end the aggregate area of the claims was 
no doubt larger than the entire surface of New Madrid County. 

WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN IN l8l2. 

Although. the people of the infant territory of Missouri were very 
remote from the seaboard, and from points rendered historic by bloody 
battles on land and sea, during the war with Great Britain in 1812, they 
did not escape Indian hostilities and bloody cruelties incited by, and inci- 
dent to, that conflict. Our early annals, therefore, are replete with the 
heroic deeds, ceaseless vigilance and great privations of the pioneer 
settlers of Missouri. 

For some years previous to the war British agents and traders incited the 
Indians to enmity against the settlers, and by furnishing them guns and 
ammunition, prepared them for warlike demonstrations. As early as 1809 
the Sac and Fox Indians made hostile movements against Fort Madison, 
in Iowa, and in 1813 they compelled the garrison to abandon and burn it. 

During the fall of 1809 flagrant war culminated between the Osage 
and Iowa tribes, and a battle was fought not far from the present site of 
Liberty, Clay County. 

In July, 1810, the Pottawattamies made a hostile incursion into a 
frontier settlement at the upper part of Loutre Island, in the Missouri 
River. W. I. Cole and two others were killed while attempting to recover 
some property stolen by the Indians. 

During 181 3 the straggling settlements through what is now Lincoln 
and Pike Counties were often attacked, harrassed and plundered by 
roving bands of Indians. To protect themselves from these incursions, 
companies of "Rangers" were formed under the act of Congress; one 
of them in the District of St. Charles, under Capt. Kibby, being remark- 
able for efficiency and celerity of movement and the protection it 
afforded the country from the mouth of Salt River to Loutre Island. 

Cote Sans Dessein, on the Missouri River, and now in Callaway 
County, was settled by a small party of Frenchmen in 1808. 

The first permanent settlement within the present limits of Howard 
County was made in 18 10. Perhaps a few may have preceded them 
the year before. But in the year 1810 a colony of about 150 families, 
chiefly Kentuckians, settled on the rich alluvial lands in the Missouri 
Bottom about Franklin, in what is now Howard County. 

During the summer of 1812, after the declaration of war against Great 
Britain, bands of hostile Indians lurked about the Boone's Lick Coun- 
try and along the Missouri River, plundering and stealing horses. 

A large tribe of Miami Indians had a village made of poles, and located 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 689 

cm the Little Osage plains near the Missouri River in what is now Saline 
County. The Boone's Lick Country was chiefly disturbed by the 
Pottawattamies, who were the champion horse thieves of the frontier, and 
who stole some 300 horses from the settlements. Of more warlike and 
bloody intent were the Foxes, lowas and Kickapoos, whose hostilities 
exposed the lives of the settlers to great and constant perils. Living as 
these pioneers did, beyond the organized jurisdiction of any county, 
they were a protection and government to themselves ; and for two years, 
unaided by territorial authority, sustained the conflict with the Indians 
with dauntless heroism. 

To protect themselves and families, they erected 5 stockade forts. 
Four of these forts were in the present limits of Howard County, and all 
named in honor of some leading man of the "settlements." There was 
Cooper's Fort in the bottom prairie near Boone's Lick Salt Works, 
nearly opposite the present town of Arrow Rock ; Kincaid's Fort, only 
a mile above the site on which Old Franklin was afterwards built ; Fort 
Hemstead, i mile north of Franklin ; Cole's Fort, 2 miles below Boon- 
ville and on the Cooper side ; Head's Fort, a few miles north of Roche- 
port, in Boone County, and near the present crossing of the Old St. 
Charles road on the Moniteau, a large stream which for some distance 
from its mouth forms the boundary between the counties of Boone and 
Howard. 

The commanders of these forts were Capt. Stephen Cole, after whom 
Cole County was named ; William Head and Sarshall Cooper — Cooper 
County being called in honor of the latter. Corn fields, which were cul- 
tivated in common, stood near these forts. Sentinels kept guard around 
them, while others plowed the fields ; and if danger was seriously appre- 
hended horns were blown as signals to rally to the forts. Frequent 
deaths occurred at the hands of the savages, sometimes by outright assas- 
sinations under the cover of night ', at other times in conflicts in field 
or forest. Many of these incidents are noticed in the history of the 
different counties. 

DANIEL BOONE AND THE BOONE's LICK COUNTRY. 

The first considerable settlement in Missouri after those of St. Louis 
and St. Charles was in the Boone's Lick Country, which was first 
settled by Daniel Boone, so distinguished in the history of Kentucky 
and the West. 

Daniel Boone was born in Exeter township, Bucks County, Pennsyl- 
vania, and in 1732 he emigrated to North Carolina, and left that State 
for Kentucky in May 1769. He came to Missouri in 1795 or 1797, 
probably the latter year. Renouncing his allegiance to the United 
Sta'tes, he became a Spanish subject, and Delassus, July nth, 1800, 
appointed him commander of Ferame Osage. He discharged the duties 



690 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

of his position with credit to himself and the satisfaction of all con- 
cerned, until by the terms of the transfer of the Territory to the United 
States, he became again a citizen of his native country. He hunted over 
the Boone's Lick country between 1804 and 1808; discovered the Salt 
Springs, and his sons were the first to settle in that section. He died 
and was buried near Marthasville, Warren County, Sept. 26, 1820. 

MISSOURI AS A STATE. 

In 1818 Missouri applied for admission into the Union as a sovereign 
State, Hon. John Scott at that time being the delegate to Congress. The 
bill to authorize the people of the Territory to elect members of a con- 
vention to form a State Constitution being presented, an anti-slavery 
restriction was introduced by Mr. Talmadge of New York, whereupon 
there arose in Congress a discussion, continuing during two sessions, 
which convulsed the country and threatened a dissolution of the 
National Union. 

The people of the Territory of Missouri were much divided and 
excited on the subject. Indeed so great were the divisions and so 
violent and bitter the discussions, that the peace of the country was 
in peril, and the progress of improvement retarded. Added to these 
causes of popular estrangement and disorder, were the suspension of 
specie payment by the banks of most of the States, and the failure of the 
banks in St. Louis. Finally, however, after two years of fierce contro- 
versy in Congress, the " Missouri Compromise " was effected by the act 
of the 6th of March, 1820, the terms of which being accepted by the 
representatives of the people in a convention held at St. Louis on July 
19th, 1820, Missouri was admitted as one of the sovereign States of the 
Union. 

Delegates to a convention to form a State Constitution were elected 
in May 1820, and on June 12th, they met in the Mansion House, now 
known as the Denver House, corner of Third and Vine street, St. Louis. 
David Barton was elected president, and Wm. G. Pettis secretary. 
The following are the names of the members of the convention, and the 
counties they represented : 

Cape Girardeau — Stephen Byrd, James Evans, Richard S. Thomas, 
Alexander Buckner, Joseph McFerron. Cooper — Robert P. Clark, 
Robert Wallace, Wm. Lillard. Franklin — John G. Heath. Howard — 
Nicholas S. Burkhartt, Duff Green, John Ray, Jonathan S. Findlay, 
Benj. H. Reeves. Jefferson — Daniel Hammond. Lincoln — Malcolm 
Henry. Montgomery — Jonathan Ramsey, James Talbott. Madison 
— Nathanael Cook. New Madrid — Robert D. Dawson, Christopher G. 
Houts. Pike — Stephen Cleaver. St. Charles — Benj. Emmons, Nathan 
Boone, Hiram H. Baber. Ste. Genevieve — John D. Cook, Henry 
Dodge, Jno. Scott, R. T. Brown. St. Louis— David Barton, Edward 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 691 

Eates, Alexander McNair, Wm. Rector, John C. Sullivan, Pierre Ghou- 
teau, Jr., Bernard Pratte, Thos. F. Riddick. Washington— Jno. Rice 
Jones, Samuel Perry, John Hutchings. Wayne — Elijah Bettis. 

This convention formed the first constitution of the State. It took 
effect from the authority of the convention itself, no provision being made 
to refer it to the people for adoption. 

It withstood the mutations of parties and all efforts at material amend- 
ment, from the time of its adoption till the convention of 1865. 

The first general assembly under the constitution met in St. Louis on 
.the third Monday in September, 1820, and was conposed of^i4 senators 
and forty-three representatives. Thomas H. Benton and David Barton 
were elected U. S. Senators. 

At a general election held in the State on the fourth Monday in August, 
1820, Alexander McNair was chosen governor ; Wm. H. Ashley, lieute- 
nant-governor, and John Scott representative to Congress. 

On Nov. 28th, 1820, an act of the legislature was passed fixing the 
seat of government at St. Charles until Oct. ist, 1826, when it was 
moved to Jefferson City. 

POPULATION IN 1 82 1. 

In Sept. 1821, the first census of the State was taken, showing 70,647 
inhabitants, of whom 11,254 were slaves. By counties, of which there 
•were 25, the enumeration was as follows : 

Boone 3)692 Montgomery 2,032 

Callaway 1,797 .New Madrid 2,444 

Cape Girardeau 7^852 Perry i.59f> 

Chariton 1,426 Pike 2,677 

Cole 1,028 Ralls 1,684 

Cooper 3,483 Ray 1,789 

Franklin 1,928 Saline 1,176 

Gasconade 1,174 St. Charles 4,058 

Howard 7,321 Ste. Genevieve 3,181 

Jefferson 1,838 St. Louis 8,190 

^Lillard 1,340 Washington 3,741 

Lincoln 1,674 Wayne 1,614 

Marion 1^907 

The total vote of the State at the congressional election in August 
1822, was 9,914. The first revising session of the legislature was held 
in 1824-5. Previous to its assembling, the entire code had been revised 
-with great care by Henry S. Geyer, speaker of the house of representa- 
tives, and Rufus Pettibone, one of the judges of the supreme court, who 
had been appointed for the purpose. Very few changes in the revision 
of these distinguished citizens were made by the general assembly, and 

* Afterwards changed to Lafayette. 



692 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OP MISSOURL 

the laws were published in two volumes by authority of an act passed 
Feb. nth, 1825. 

THE FIRST STEAMBOATS. 

The first steamboat which ascended the Mississippi above the mouthi 
of the Ohio was the Gen. Pike, Capt. Jacob Read, which landed in St. 
Louis at the foot of Market street August 2d, 181 7, and was hailed by 
the citizens with demonstrations of joy. The next was the Constitution, 
Capt. R. T. Guyard, which arrived Oct. 2d, 181 7. There were several 
arrivals during the year 18 18. The Independence, Capt. Nelson, from 
Louisville, Ky., was the pioneer steamboat in the navigation of the 
Missouri, and the first to enter that stream. She left St. Louis May 15th, 
1819, and arrived at Franklin, Howard County, on May 28th, occasioning, 
the wildest excitement and the greatest joy among the people. A public 
meeting was at once called to celebrate the event, at which toasts were 
offered and speeches delivered. Capt. Asa Morgan was president, and 
Dr. N. Hutchinson vice-president of the meeting. The Independence 
continued her voyage to Old Chariton, now an abandoned town a short 
distance above Glasgow, returned to Franklin on the 3d of June, and took 
freight for Louisville. 

In 1818 the Government of the United States projected the celebrated 
Yellowstone expedition, the objects of which were to ascertain whether 
the Missouri river was navigable by steamboats, and to establish a line 
of'forts from its mouth to the Yellowstone. The expedition started from 
Plattsburg, New York, in 1818, under command of Col. Henry Atkinson. 
Gen. Nathan Ranney, now a well icnown citizen of St. Louis, was an. 
attache of this expedition ; also Capt. Wm. D. Hubbell, of Columbia, 
Missouri. It arrived at Pittsburg in the spring of 1819, where Col. S. 
H. Long, topographical engineer of the United States Army had con- 
structed the Western Engineer, a small steamer to be used by him and 
his scientific corps in pioneering the expedition to the mouth of the- 
Yellowstone. The boat was a small one with a stern wheel, and only 
sufficient capacity to transport the instruments, stores and baggage of the 
corps of engineers. Its steam was discharged through the red mouth of 
a huge metallic serpen.t, with forked tongue, projecting from the boat's 
prow. The Indians on the shores of the river were greatly excited and 
alarmed by the presence of this huge water-monster, and believed it was 
carried on the back of a serpent and propelled by the "Great Spirit." 

This boat arrived at St. Louis June 8th, 1819, and on the 21st of the 
same month, in company with the Government steamers -^.^/^^////d^^, Capt. 
Craig, Thomas Jefferson, Capt. Orfort, and R. M. Johnson, Capt. Col- 
fax, and 9 keel boats,* left on their long and perilous voyage. Their 

*The keel boats had been fitted out with wheels and masts by Aaron Sutton, the father of Richard D. 
Sutton, now a well known citizen of St. Louis. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 693 

entrance into the mouth of the Missouri river was signalized by music, 
waking the echoes of the forest wilds, and by the streaming of flags in 
the breeze. 

It was the intention, out of respect to ex-President Jefferson, who had 
done so much to acquire Louisiana, to award the honor of the first 
entrance to the steamer bearing his name, but an accident to her machinery 
caused a temporary delay, and therefore the entry was made by the 
Expedition, which slowly steamed her way to Fort Belle Fountain, situ- 
ated about 4 miles up the river. 

Afterwards they proceeded on their voyage ; the Jefferson, however, 
some distance up the river, being wrecked and lost. 

THE BLACK HAWK WAR 

was inaugurated in Illinois by Black Hawk, an Indian brave — not a 
chief — who from sheer revenge for fancied wrongs, organized a band from 
the Sacs, Foxes, and Winnebagoes, who had made common cause with 
the British in the War of 181 2. 

The proximity of these hostilities to the Missouri frontier caused 
Gov. John Miller to adopt precautionary measures to avert the calamities 
of an invasion which seemed imminent. Therefore, in May 1832 he 
ordered Maj. Gen. Richard Gentry, of Columbia, Missouri, (of whom 
James S. Rollins, Caleb S. Stone and Calvin L. Perry were aids-de- 
camp,) to raise without delay one thousand mounted volunteers for the 
defense of the frontiers of the State, to be held in readiness to start at a 
moment's warning. 

Accordingly, on the 29th of May, 1832, orders were issued by Gen. 
Gentry to Brigadier-Generals Benjamin Miens, commanding the 7th, 
Jonathan Riggs, 8th, and Jessee T. Wood, 9th brigade, 3d division, to 
raise the required quota, — the first raised four hundred, and each of the 
latter three hundred men — and each "to keep in readiness a horse with 
the necessary equipment, and a rifle in good order, with an ample supply 
of ammunition," etc. 

Five companies were at once raised in Boone County and others in 
Callaway, Montgomery, St. Charles, Lincoln, Pike, Marion, Ralls and 
Monroe. 

Two of them, Capt. John Jamison's, of Callaway, and Capt. David 
M. Hickman's, of Boone, in July 1832 were mustered into service for 
30 days, and placed under command of Maj. Thomas W. Conyers, with 
orders to march to the mouth of the Des Moines, and to range from 
thence to the head waters of Salt River, and on towards the main 
Chariton. This detachment, accompanied by Gen. Gentry in person, 
at once took up the line of march for the northern frontier; arrived at 
Palmyra July loth, and at Fort Pike 5 days afterward. This fort was 



694 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 

built by Capt. Mace, of the "Volunteer Rangers," and was situated lo 
miles from the mouth of the Des Moines in what is now Clark County. 

Finding "the wars and rumors of wars " much exaggerated, and that 
no hostile Indians had crossed into Missouri, Gen. Gentry ordered work 
to be discontinued on Fort Matson, 65 miles from Fort Pike and within 
8 miles of the Chariton, and left for Columbia where he arrived on the 
19th of July. Maj. Conyers' detachment was left at Fort Pike, with 
(to quote Gen. Gentry's report to the Governor), "something like 40 
barrels of flour, 2 hogsheads of bacon, 4 barrels of whisky and 100 
bushels of corn." 

On August 5th, Maj. Conyers' command was relieved by two other 
companies under Capt. Sinclair Kirtley, of Boone, and Patrick Ewing 
of Callaway. Col. Austin A. King marched the detachment to Fort 
Pike, and conducted those who were relieved to their homes. Maj. 
Conyers was retained in command of the fort. In September the Indian 
troubles having seemingly subsided, all the troops on the northern frontier 
were mustered out of service, and thus ended the Black Hawk War in 
Missouri. But it did not thus or at this time end in Illinois. On Aug. 
29, 1833, Black Hawk was captured by two Winnebagoes and delivered 
to the U. S. officers at Prairie du Chien. 

THE FLORIDA WAR 

Grew out of the opposition of the Seminole Indians to their removal by 
the United States west of the Mississippi. One of the last regular battles 
and most signal victories of this conflict, occurred on 0-kee-cho-bee, in 
the southern part of Florida, on Dec. 25th, 1837. A regiment of Mis- 
souri Volunteers, raised chiefly in Boone and other central counties, and 
commanded by Col. Richard Gentry, of Columbia, participated in the 
bloody scenes of that day. Col. Gentry was killed while gallantly lead- 
ing his men. His body was afterwards recovered, and buried by the 
United States at Jeflerson Barracks, and a suitable monument erected to 
his memory. 

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1 845. 

At the August election of 1845, sixty-six members were chosen by the 
people to a convention to remodel the constitution. Representation 
under the old constitution, which allowed each county at least one repre- 
sentative, and limited the whole number to one hundred members in the 
lower branch of the General Assembly, had become very unequal. Chiefly 
to remedy this irregularity, but at the same time for other purposes, 
the convention was called. 

It convened at Jefferson City, on November 17th, 1845, ^"^^ organized 
by the election of Robert W. Wells as president ; Claiborne F. Jackson, 
vice-president; and R. Walker, secretary. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 695 

Some of the most able and distinguished men of the State were mem- 
bers of this body. The whole organic law was reviewed and in many 
material respects remodeled. The convention adopted — ayes 49, nays 
13 — a new constitution, and submitted it to the people, and adjourned 
sine die January 14th, 1846. During the canvass it was very generally 
discussed by the newspapers and candidates, and finally, at the August 
election, rejected by about 9,000 majority, the whole number of votes 
cast being about 60,000. 

THE MEXICAN WAR. 

The annexation of Texas was the alleged cause of the declaration of 
war by Mexico against the United States in April 1846. This was soon 
followed by a counter-declaration by the American Congress, that " a 
state of war exists between Mexico and the United States." Soon after 
this counter-declaration, the Mexicans crossed the Rio Grande in strong 
force, headed by their famous Generals Arista and Ampudia, and on the 
8th and 9th of May, at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, were met and 
repulsed with great slaughter by Gen. Taylor, of the ''Army of Occu- 
pation." This fact created great excitement in St. Louis and the sur- 
rounding country. Volunteers flocked to the standard of the United 
States, and the "St. Louis Legion," a military organization under 
command of Col. A. R. Easton, quickly prepared for the field of action. 
In the meantime supplies were being raised for them by liberal subscrip- 
tions all over the city. At a public meeting, Col. J. B. Brant subscribed 
$1,000, and James H. Lucas, Bryan Mullanphy, Benjamin Stickney and 
many others made generous additions to the amount already donated. 
In a few days the ' ' Legion ' ' departed for the seat of war, under the 
command of Col. Easton ; prior, however, to the final farewells, they 
received a grand public ovation, which clearly demonstrated the deep 
interest of all the citizens in their welfare. 

About the middle of May, Gov. Edwards of Missouri called for vol- 
unteers to join the " Army of the West," — an expedition to Santa Fe — 
under command of Gen. Stephen W. Kearney. Corps of mounted 
volunteers were speedily organized, and early in June began to arrive at 
Fort Leavenworth, the appointed rendezvous. By the 18th of the month, 
the full complement of companies to compose the first regiment having 
arrived from the counties of Jackson, Lafayette, Clay, Saline, Franklin, 
Cole, Howard and Callaway, an election was held, which resulted in the 
choice of Alexander W. Doniphan, colonel ; C. F. Ruff, lieutenant- 
colonel; and Wm. Gilpin, major. 

The battalion of light artillery from St. Louis was commanded by 
Captains R. A. Weightman and A. W. Fischer, with Major M. L. Clark 
as its field officer ) battalions of infantry from Platte and Cole Counties 
commanded by Captains Murphy and W. Z. Augney, respectively; 



696 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

"Laclede Rangers," from St. Louis, Capt. Thomas B. Hudson — in all, 
1,658 men, 16 pieces of ordnance (12 six-pounders and 4 twelve-pound 
howitzers), under the command of Gen. Kearney. We cannot follow 
this command through the great solitudes between Fort Leavenworth and 
Santa Fe, which place it reached on August i8th; nor in its heroic and 
successful descent upon Chihuahua under the command of Col. Doni- 
phan, — Gen. Kearney having left for the Pacific coast. Suffice to say 
that the battles of Brazito, Sacramento and Chihuahua will ever be 
remembered in history for the valor displayed by the ''Army of the 
West" from Missouri. 

Early in the summer of 1846, Hon. Sterling Price, a member of 
Congress from Missouri, resigned, and was designated by President Polk 
to command another regiment of Volunteers from Missouri, to reinforce 
the "Army of the West." This force consisted of a full mounted 
regiment, one mounted extra battalion, and one extra battalion of 
Mormon infantry. The complement of men was soon raised, consisting 
of companies from the counties of Boone, Benton, Carroll, Chariton, 
Linn, Livingston, Monroe, Randolph, Ste. Genevieve and St. Louis; 
and about the first of August rendezvoused at Fort Leavenworth. Not- 
withstanding the President had named Sterling Price as a suitable 
commander of this (the 2d) regiment, many of the volunteers thought 
if he commanded at all, it ought to be by virtue of their free suffrages, 
choosing him as Colonel. An election was accordingly held. Sterling 
Price was elected Colonel, and D. D. Mitchell, Lieutenant-Colonel. 

With this force. Col. Price took up the line of march for Santa Fe, 
over the same route pursued by Kearney and Doniphan, and on Septem- 
ber 28th, three days after Gen. Kearney's departure for California, ar- 
rived in very feeble health. 

In August, Gov. Edwards made another requisition for one thousand 
men, to consist of infantry, to be ready to march close in the rear of Col. 
Price's command. It was raised in an incredibly short time, and chose 
Major Daugherty, of Clay, forColonel, but before the receipt of marching 
orders, the President countermanded the order under which the force was 
mustered. 

THE LATE CIVIL WAR. 

Missouri did not escape the bitter discussions which preceded the late 
Civil War. These related to the institution of slavery, the rights of the 
States under the Constitution, and our relations to the Federal Union. 
Several of the southern States having passed ordinances of secession, 
and Missouri being a border slave State, our people were precipitated by 
rapidly occurring events into serious divisions and excitement ; and Mis- 
souri was so deeply involved in the troubles in Kansas, that the subject' 
of the conflict between the North and South was developed in this State 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 697 

almost at the very beginning of the nwvement. In alluding to this sub- 
ject, and as expressing what he believed to be the true policy of the State, 
Governor R. M. Stewart, in his valedictory on the 3d of January, 1861, 
said : "Our people would feel more sympathy with the movement had it 
not originated among those who, like ourselves, have suffered severe 
losses and constant annoyance from the interference and depredations of 
outsiders. Missouri will hold to the Union so long as it is worth the 
effort to preserve it. She cannot be frightened by the past unfriendly 
legislation of the North, or dragooned into secession by the restrictive 
legislation of the extreme South." 

Governor Jackson, his successor, in his inaugural, on the day following, 
insisted that Missouri must stand by the other slaveholding States, what- 
-ever course they might pursue. 

CONVENTION OF 1861-63. 

The General Assembly, on Jan. 21st, ordered an election to take place 
•on Feb. iSth, to choose by senatorial districts, 99 members to a conven- 
tion to ** consider the then existing relations between the United States, 
the people and government of the different States, and the government 
and people of the State of Missouri ; and to adopt such measures for vin- 
dicating the sovereignty of the State and the protection of its institutions, 
as shall appear to them to be demanded." The election of Union men 
as delegates, by a large majority, showed clearly that the public sentiment 
had settled in hostility to secession, and in favor of a continuance of 
Missouri within the Union. 

The convention assembled Feb. 28th, at the court-house in Jefferson 
City, the Legislature then occupying the State House. Sterling Price and 
Robert Wilson were elected president and vice-president. The conven- 
tion after a short and stormy session, having transacted but little business, 
on March 4th, adjourned to St. Louis. 

There — 63 ayes to 53 nays — the convention consented to hear from Mr. 
Glenn, a commissioner from the State of Georgia, who submitted the 
articles of secession adopted by his State, and earnestly urged Missouri 
to join the Southern Confederacy A large number of citizens were 
present, in the lobby, who made demonstrations of displeasure and dis- 
satisfaction, which the President found it impossible to suppress. On 
the next day, a committee from the convention waited on Mr. Glenn, 
•.stating that "Missouri emphatically declined to share the honors of 
secession." The convention, on March 19th, passed a resolution — 89 
ayes to i nay — declaring, "there is no adequate cause to impel Missouri 
to dissolve her connection with the Federal Union." Afterwards, the 
following resolution was adopted — yeas 86, nays 6 : " That the con- 
•vention cherishes an earnest desire to prevent civil war, and that this would 
2>e promoted by the withdrawal of the Federal troops from those forts 



698 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

where there is danger of collision, and that the convention recommend 
this policy." After appointing seven delegates to the proposed Border 
State Convention, this body adjourned, March 2 2d, until the 3rd Monday 
in December, subject however, to be convened at an earlier day and 
different place, by the committee on Federal Relations. 

The convention adjourned amid great events, and during the pendency 
of others of still graver magnitude. Soon after its adjournment, Fort 
Sumter was fired upon, and President Lincoln made arrequisition for 
75,000 troops. The country, north and south, was on the eve of civil 
war; the collision at Camp Jackson had occurred, followed in a few 
weeks by the battle of Boonville. 

In the Legislature a resolution was passed, 62 to 42, declaring it inex- 
pedient for that body to take any steps for a National Convention to 
propose any amendments to the Constitution, thus dissenting from the 
recommendation of the State convention, The Governor, in a message 
in April, declaring his policy to be in favor of peace, urged the president 
of the convention not to convene that body for the consideration of a 
secession ordinance, and expressed himself in favor of retaining the 
present status of the State, leaving it to time and circumstances as they 
might arise, to determine the best course for Missouri to pursue. 

While the military bill was pending, the news of the surrender of 
Camp Jackson was announced in the Legislature, a panic ensued, and 
the military bill was passed at once, creating a fund for arming and 
equipping the militia — appropriating all the money in the Treasury, as 
well as that to be received from the assessments for 1860-61, and the 
proceeds of the moneys levied for other purposes, except a sufficiency to 
carry on the State government and support its penal and benevolent 
institutions. The Governor was authorized to purchase arms and muni- 
tions of war. Every able-bodied man was made subject to military duty, 
and required by oath to obey only the Governor, who was made com- 
mander-in-chief. 

Unexampled and wide-spread excitement pervaded the State ; and in 
the midst of threatened perils and impending war, the convention was 
called by a majority of the committee to meet at Jefferson City, on the 
22d of July. It declared the office of president vacant, and elected 
Robert Wilson to occupy that position. Among other acts, it passed an 
ordinance (56 to 25) declaring the office of Governor, Lieut. Governor 
and Secretary of State vacant ; and elected Hamilton R. Gamble, 
Governor; Willard P. Hall, Lieut. Governor; and Mordecai Oliver, 
Secretary of State ; and on the 31st, the ninth day of its session, adjourned. 

It met at St. Louis, Oct. loth, 1861, and adjourned on the i8th ; and 
at Jefferson City, June 2d, 1862, and adjourned on the 14th. June 15th, 
1863, it met at Jefferson City, and adjourned sine die July ist. 

The acts and ordinances of this body, although not very voluminous or 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 699 

great in number, were of the gravest importance. Great and serious 
divisions existed among the people of Missouri during the war, and large 
armies on both sides were often within her borders, between whom bloody 
battles were fought, the memory whereof is too vivid in the minds of all 
to require recital here. 

CONVENTION OF 1 865. 

On Feb. 13th, 1864, the General Assembly passed an act authorizing 
the call of a convention "to consider such amendments to the constitution 
of the State as might be by it deemed necessary for the emancipation of 
slaves ; to preserve in purity the elective franchise to loyal citizens, and 
for the promotion of the public good." This convention was composed 
of sixty-six members, and met in St. Louis on January 6.th, 1865, and 
was organized by the election of Arnold Krekel president. 

The ordinance emancipating the slaves in the State was passed by this 
convention on January nth — ayes 60, nays 4 — and took effect imme 
diately. 

After adopting — ayes 38, noes 13 — a new constitution very materially 
changing the old one, and passing an ordinance submitting it to the vote 
of the people in June following, the convention, on the loth of April, 
adjourned sine die. 

Among the marked changes in the* constitution submitted, were: 

Sections prohibiting any religious society from owning, if in the country, 
more than 5 acres of land, and if in a town or city, more than one acre ; 
also rendering void all legacies and devises to any minister or religious 
teacher as such, and to any religious society. 

Sections establishing an " Oath of Loyalty," and declaring that no 
person who did not take the oath could vote, or hold any State, county 
or municipal office, or act as a teacher in any school, or preach, or 
solemnize marriage, or practice law. 

A section that carries with it the taxing of churches, cemeteries, etc. 

A section specially designed to prevent the State from furnishing fur- 
ther railroad aid. 

An educational qualification for suffrage as follows : 

After the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and seventy- 
six, every person who was not a qualified voter prior to that time, shall 
in addition to the other qualifications required, be able to read and write, 
in order to become a qualified voter ; unless his inability to read and 
write shall be the result of a physical debility. 

On the ist of July, 1865, Governor Fletcher made proclamation of the 
adoption of the constitution by the people — for it, 43.670, against it, 
41,808 — and that instrument, with the exception of a few amendments 
since adopted, is now the organic law of the commonwealth of MissourL 



CHANGES IN GOVERNMENT, 

Name and Area of the territory formerly associated with, and now com- 
prising the State of Missouri, together with a complete list 
of the Governors and Members of Congress. 

By Capt. J. P. Cadman, A. M., St. Louis. 

UNDER THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT. 

April 9th, 1682, Robert Cavalier de La Salle took formal possession 
of the country near the mouth of the Mississippi in the name of the 
King of France, and gave the new province the title of 

Louisiana. By this act France claimed dominion over nearly the 
entire Valley of the Mississippi. By treaty with England Feb. loth, 
1763, France relinquished her claim to the country lying east of the 
Mississippi River. 

The Province of Louisiana from that time till about 1776, con- 
tained an estimated area of 1,160,577 square miles. Its chief officer 
was styled "Governor of the Province of Louisiana," with official resi- 
dence from 1698 to 1 701 at Fort Biloxi, near New Orleans, and from 
1 701 to 1723 at Mobile, when it was again located at New Orleans, 
where it remained without further change. 

COMMANDANT. 
April 9th, 1682, Robert Cavalier de La Salle. 

GOVERNORS. 

1698-July 22, 1701 — Sauvolle. 1733-May 10, 1743 — Bienville. 

July 22, 1701-May 17, 1713 — Bienville. May 10, 1743-Feb. 9, 1753 — Marquis de 

May 17, 1713-1717 — Lamothe Cadillac. Vaudreuil.* 

March 9, 1717-1718 — De I'Epinay. Feb. 9, 1753-June 29, 1763 — Kerlerec. 

Marchg, I7i8--Jan. 16,1724 — Bienville. June 29, 1763-Feb. 4, 1765 — M. D'Ab- 

Jan. 16, 1724-1726 — Boisbriant. badie. 

1726-1733 — P6rier. Feb. 1765 — M. Aubry, acting governor. 

The Province of Upper Louisiana (sometimes called Illinois) 
embraced nearly all the province of Louisiana, except that part lying 
south of what is now the State of Arkansas. Capital, St. Louis. 

COMMANDANT. 
July 17,1765 to May 20, 1770 — Louis St, Ange de Bellerive, de facto. 

♦From an original document in the' possession of Hon. Wilson Primm, we leam that Vaudreuil was 
also Captain of Marines and Knight of the Royal and Military Order of St. Louis. 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 701 

UNDER THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT. 

On November 3d, 1762, France ceded Louisiana to Spain, but the 
Spanish authorities did not take possession of Upper Louisiana till May 
20th, 1770. The chief officer was styled "Lieutenant-Governor of the 
Province of Upper Louisiana." Capital, St. Louis. 

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS.* 

May 20, 1770-May 19, 1775 — Pedro Sept. 24, 1780-Nov. 27, 1787— Francisco 

Piernas. Cruzat. 

May 19, 1775-June 17, 1778— Francisco Nov. 27, 1787-July 21, 1792— Manuel 

Cruzat. Perez. 

Junei7, 1778-June 8, 1780— Fernando De July 21, 1792- Aug. 29, 1799 — Zenon 

Leyba. Trudeau. 

June 8, 1 780-Sept. 24, 1780— Silvio Fran- Aug. 29, 1799-March 9, 1804— Carlos 

Cisco de Cartabona, acting. 'Dehault Delassus. 

UNDER FRENCH GOVERNMENT. 

By treaty of Oct. ist, 1800, ratified March 21st, 1801, Spain retro- 
ceded Louisiana to France, but Upper Louisiana was not transferred 
until March 9th, 1804, at St. Louis. 

AGENT AND COMMISSIONER. 
March 9, 1804-March 10, 1804— Amos Stoddard.f 

UNDER U. S. GOVERNMENT. 

On April 30th, 1803, France ceded the province of Louisiana to the 
United States, but Upper Louisiana was not transferred until March 
loth, 1804, at St. Louis, From the latter date until Oct. ist, 1804, the 
executive was styled " acting civil commandant of the province of 
Upper Louisiana," and had " the powers and prerogatives of a Spanish 
lieutenant-governor. ' ' 

COMMANDANT. 
March 10, 1804-October i, 1804 — Capt. Amos Stoddard. 

The District of Louisiana was the name from Oct. ist, 1804, to 
March 3d, 1805, given by Congress to all that part of the territory pur- 
chased by the United States from France, except that portion lying south 
of what is now the State of Arkansas. The area of the " District of 
Louisiana" was about 1,122,975 square miles, and embraced what is 
now known as the States of Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska and 
Oregon and the largest parts of Kansas and Minnesota, also the Territo- 
ries of Washington, Montana, Idaho, Dacotah and parts of Wyoming, 

♦Compiled from Livre Terrien. 

fCapt. Stoddard had, on Jan. 12th, 1804, been appointed temporarily agent and commissioner of the 
French Republic ; in that capacity he received the province from Delassus March 9th, and on the following 
day delivered it to himself for the United States. Capt. Stoddard received it on behalf of the United 
States, by authority derived from Wm. C. C. Claiborne, Governor of Mississippi, who, by act of Con- 
gress, was ex-officio governor of the new purchase. 



702 CHANGES IN GOVERNMENT. 

Colorado and Indian, The government of this immense territory was 
assigned temporarily to the ofificers of the Territory of Indiana, the cap- 
ital of which was then Vincennes. 

GOVERNOR. 
Oct. I, 1804-March 3, 1805 — William Henry Harrison. 

The Territory of Louisiana was erected by Congress March 3d, 
1805, with the same limits as the District of Louisiana. It had a gov- 
ernor and two judges of the superior court, and the three constituted 
the legislature. Capital, St. Louis. This organization continued till 
Dec. 7th, 181 2. 

GOVERNORS. 

March 3, 1805, to 1806 — James WilkinsoTi. Sept., 1809-Sept. 19,1810 — Fred. Bates, 

Last part of 1806 — Joseph Brown, secre- secretary and acting-governor. 

tary and acting-governor. Sept. 19, 1810-Nov. 29, 1812 — Benjamin 

May, 1807-Oct., 1807 — PVederick Bates, Howard. 

secretary and acting-governor. Nov. 29, 1812-Dec. 7, 1812 — Fred. Bates, 

1807-Sept. 1809 — Meriwether Lewis. secretary and acting-governor. 

The Territory of Missouri was erected by act of Congress ap- 
proved June 4th, to take effect December 7th, 1812, and had the same 
limits, government and capital as the Territory of Louisiana. It was 
entitled to one delegate in Congress. The County of St. Charles, formed 
under this organization, and being defined as all that part of the ter- 
ritory lying north of the Missouri River and west of the Mississippi, 
stretching off to the Pacific Ocean and the British Possessions, must 
have been one of the largest counties ever formed in America. The 
Territory of Missouri continued its organization till Sept. 19th, 1820. 

Delegates in Congress. — Edward Hempstead, from Dec. 7th, 181 2 to 
1 81 4; RufusEaston, from i8i4to 1816; and John Scott, from 18 16 to 1820. 

GOVERNORS. 

Dec. 7, 1812-July, 1813 — Fred. Bates, July, 1813-1820 — "William Clark, 
secretary and acting-governor. 

The State of Missouri, as organized in conformity with the act of 
Congress passed March 6th, 1820, comprised an area of 62,182 square 
miles. The convention, to frame a State constitution, met in St. Louis on 
July 19th, 1820. The State officers assumed their duties Sept. 19th, and 
the first State legislature convened Sept. 28th, 1820. By joint resolution of 
Congress, March 2, 1821, the admission of the State was further provided 
for, and by proclamation of August loth, 182 1, Missouri was admitted as 
a State. By act of Congress June 7th, 1836, which took effect by pro- 
clamation March 28th, 1837, the western boundary of the State was 
extended to include the "Platte Purchase," area 3,168 square miles. 
Present area of the State 65,350 square miles. The capital of the State 
was at St. Louis until November ist, 1821, at St. Charles from 1821 to 
October ist, 1826, and since the latter date at Jefferson City. 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 



703 



GOVERNORS. 



1820 — Alexander McNair. 
1824 — Frederick Bates — Deceased. 
1825 — Abraham J. Williams — vice Bates. 
1826 — John Miller — vice Bates. 
1828— John Miller. 

1832 — Daniel Dunklin — Resigned; ap- 
pointed surveyor-general U. S. 
1836 — Lilbum. W. Boggs — vice Dunklin. 
1836 — Lilburn W. Boggs. 
1840 — Thos. Reynolds — Died 1844. 
1844 — M. M. Marmaduke — vice Reynolds. 
1844 — John C. Edwards. 
1848 — Austin A. King. 
1852 — Sterling Price. 



1856 — Trusten Polk — Resigned. , 

1857 — Hancock Jackson — vice Polk. 

1857— Robert M. Stev/zrt— vice Polk. 

i860 — C. F. Jackson — Office vacated by 
ordinance. 

1861 — Hamilton R. Gamble — vice Jack- 
son ; Gov. Gamble died January 
31, 1864. 

1864— Willard P. Hall— vice Gamble. 

1864— Thos. C. Fletcher. 

1868— Joseph W. McClurg. 

1870 — B. Gratz Brovt'n. 

1872 — Silas Woodson. 



SENATORS. 



1820— Thos. Hart Benton. 

1820 — David Barton. 

1824 — David Barton, 

1826— Thos. Hart Benton. 

1830 — Alexander Buckner — Died in 1833. 

1832 — Thos. Hart Benton. 

1833 — Lewis Field Linn — vice Buckner. 

1836 — I^wis Field Linn. 

1838— Thos. Hart Benton. 

1842 — Lewis Field Linn — Died 1843. 

1843 — David R. Atchison — vice Linn. 

1844 — David R. Atchison. 

1844 — Thos. Hart Benton. 

1849 — David R. Atchison. 



1851 — Henry S. Geyer. 

1857 — James S. Green. 

1857— Trusten Polk. 

1861 — Waldo Porter Johnson. 

1862 — Robert Wilson. 

1863 — B. Gratz Brown. 

1863 — Jbhn B. Henderson. 

1867— Chas. D. Drake— Resigned 1870. 

1869— Carl Schurz. 

1870 — Daniel F. Jewett — vice Drake. 

1871 — Francis P. Blair, Jr. 

1873 — Lewis V. Bogy. 



REPRESENTATIVES. 



CONG. YEAR. 



17th, 

I 8th, 

19th, 
20th, 

2 1st, 

22d, 
22d, 

23d, 
23d, 

24th, 
24th, 
25th, 
25th, 
26th, 
26th, 
26th, 
27th, 
27th, 
28th, 
28th, 
28th, 
28th, 



820 — John Scott. 

822 — John Scott. 

824 — John Scott. 

826 — Edward Bates. 

828 — Spencer Pettis. 

830 — Spencer Pettis — Died 1 83 1. 

831 — Wm. H. Ashley — wV^ Pettis. 

832— Wm. H. Ashley. 

832— John Bull. 

834— Wm. H. Ashley. 

834 — Albert G. Harrison. 

836 — Albert G. Harrison. 

836— John Miller. 

838— A. G. Harrison— Died 1839. 

838— John Miller. 

839 — J. Jameson — vice Harrison. 

840 — John Miller. 

840 — John C. Edwards. 

842 — James M. Hughes. 

842 — James H. Relfe. 

842 — John Jameson. 

842 — James B. Bowlin. 



CONG. YEAR. NAMES. 

28th, 1842 — Gustavus M. Brown. 

29th, 1844 — James B. Bowlin. 

29th, 1844 — James H. Relfe. 

29th, 1844 — Sterling Price — Resigned. 

29th, 1844 — John S. Phelps. 

29th, 1844 — Leonard H. Sims. 

29th, 1846 — Wm. McDaniel — vice Price. 

30th, 1846 — Jas. B. Bowlin, 1st district. 

30th, 1846 — John Jameson, 2d district. 

30th, 1846 — James S. Green, 3d district. 

30th, 1846— Willard P. Hall, 4th district. 

30th, 1846 — John S. Phelps, 5th district. 

31st, 1848 — James B. Bowlin, ist district. 

31st, 1848— Wm. V.N. Bay, 2d district. 

31st, 1848 — James S. Green 3d district. 

31st, 1848— Willard P. Hall, 4th district. 

31st, 1848 — John S. Phelps, 5th district. 

32d, 1850 — John F. Darby, ist district. 

32d, 1850 — Gilchrist Porter, 2d district. 

32d, 1850 — John G. Miller, 3d district. 

32d, 1850— Willard P. Hall, 4th district. 

32d, 1850— John S. Phelps, 5th district. 



704 



CHANGES IN GOVERNMENT. 



REPRESENTATIVES— Continued. 



33(1, 
33d. 

33d, 
33d, 

ZZ^, 
34th, 
34th, 
34th, 
34th, 
34th, 

34th, 
34th, 
34th, 

35th, 
35th, 
35th, 

35th. 
35th, 
35th, 
35th, 
35th, 

36th, 

36th, 
36th, 
36th, 
36th, 
36th, 
36th, 
36th, 

36th, 

37th, 
37th, 
37th, 

37th, 
37th, 

37th, 
37th, 
37th, 

37th. 

38th, 
38th, 
38th, 

38th, 

38th, 
38th, 



VEAR. NAMES. CONG. 

852— Thos. H.Benton, ist district. 38th, 

852— Alfred W. Lamb, 2d district. 38th, 

852 — John G. Miller, 3d district. 38th, 

852 — Mordecai Oliver, 4th district. 38th, 
852— John S. rhelps, 5th district. 

852 — James I. Lindley. 39th, 

852 — Samuel Caruthers. 39th, 

854 — L. M. Kennett, 1st district. 39th, 

854 — Gilchrist Porter, 2d district. 39th, 

854 — James I. Lindley, 3d district. 39th, 

854 — Mordecai Oliver, 4th district. 39th, 

854 — ^John G. Miller, 5th district ; 39th, 

died 1855. 39th, 

854— John S. Phelps, 6th district. 39th, 

854 — Sam'l Caruthers, 7th district. 40th, 

855 — Thomas P. Aken, 5th dist.; 40th, 

vice Miller, deceased. 40th, 
856— Francis P. Blair, Jr., 1st dist. 

856 — T. L. Anderson, 2d district. 40th, 

856 — James S. Green, 3d district; 40th, 

U. S. Senator, 1857. 

856 — James Craig, 4th district. 40th, 

856 — James H. Woodson, 5th dist. 40th, 

856 — John S. Phelps, 6th district. 40th, 

856 — Sam'l Caruthers, 7th district. 40th, 

85 7 — John B. Clark, 3d district, vice 40th, 

Green. 

858— J. Richard Barrett, 1st dis- 40th, 

trict; declared not elected. 

858 — Thos. L. Anderson, 2d dist. 41st, 

858— John B. Clark, 3d district. 41st, 

858 — James Craig, 4th district. 41st, 

858 — James H. Woodson, 5th dist. 41st, 

858 — John S. Phelps, 6th district. 41st, 

858 — John W. Noell, 7th district. 41st, 

860 — Francis P. Blair, Jr., 1st dist. ; 41st, 

resigned. 41st, 

860— J. Richard Barrett, 1st dist.; 41st, 

vice Blair, resigned. 42d, 

860 — Francis P. Blair, Jr., is' dist. 42d, 

860 — James S. Rollins, 2d district. 42d, 

860 — John B. Clark, 3d district; 42d, 

expelled. 42d, 

860— E. H. Norton, 4th district. 42d, 

860— John W. Reid, 5th district; 42d, 

expelled. 42d, 

860— John S. Phelps, 6th.district. 42d, 

860 — John W. Noell, 7th district. 43d, 

862 — Wm. A. Hall, 3d district, vice 43d, 

Clark, expelled. 43d, 

862 — Thomas L. Price, 5th dist,,; 43d, 

vice Reid, expelled. 43d, 

862 — Francis P. Blair, Jr., 1st dist. 43d, 

862— Henry T. Blow, 2d district. 43d, 

862— John W. Noell, 3d district; 43d, 

died 1863. 43d, 

862 — Semphronius S. Boyd, 4th 43dj 

■district. 43d, 

862 — Joseph W. McClurg, 5th dist. 43d, 

862 — Austin A. King, 6th district. 43d, 



fBAR. NAMES. 

862 — Benj. F. Loan, 7th district. 
862— Wm. A. Hall, 8th district. 
862 — John S. Rollins, 9th district. 
863 — John G.Scott, 3d district, wV^ 

Noell, deceased. 
864 — John Hogan, 1st district, 
864 — Henry T. Blow, 2d district. 
864— Thos. E. Noell, 3d district. 
864 — John R. Kelsoe, 4th district; 
864 — Joseph W. McClurg, 5 dist. 
864— Robt. T. Van Horn, 6th dist. 
864 — Benj. F. Loan, 7th district. 
864 — John F. Benjamin, 8th dist. 
864 — Geo. W. Anderson, 9th dist. 
866 — Wm. A. Pile, 1st district. 
866 — C. A. Newcombe, 2d district, 
866— Thos. E. Noell, 3d district ; 

deceased. 
866— J. J. Gravely, 4th district. 
866— Joseph W. McClurg, 5 dist. ; 

resigned. 
866— Robert T. Van Horn, 6th dist. 
866 — Benj. F. Loan, 7th district. 
866 — John F. Benjamin, 8th dist. 
866 — Geo. W. Anderson, 9th dist. 
866 — ^James R. McCormack, 3d 

dist.; vice Noell, dec'd. 
867 — ^John H. Stover, 5th district; 

vice McClurg, resigned. 
868 — Erastus Wells, 1st district. 
868— G. A. Finkelnbuig, 2d dist. 
868 — J. R. McCormack, 3d dist. 
868— S. H. Boyd, 4th district. 
868— Samuels. Burdett, 5th dist. 
868— Robt. T. Van Horn, 6th dist. 
868— Joel F. Asper, 7th dist. 
868 — John F. Benjamin, 8th dist. 
868— David P. Dyer, 9th district. 
870 — Erastus Wells, 1st district. 
870 — G. A. Finkelnburg, 2d dist. 
870 — J. R. McCormack, 3d dist, 
870— H, E. Havens, 4th district. 
870 — Samuel S. Burdett, 5th dist. 
870 — A. Comingo, 6th district. 
870 — Isaac C. Parker, 7th district. 
870 — Jas. G. Blair, 8th district. 
870 — Andrew King, 9lh district. 
872 — E. O. Stanard, ist district. 
872 — Erastus Wells, 2d district. 
872 — W. H. Stone, 3d district. 
872— Robt. A. Hatcher, 4th dist. 
872— Richard P. Bland, 5th dist. 
872 — Harrison E. Havens, 6th dist. 
872 — Thos. T. Crittenden, 7th dist. 
872 — Abram Comingo, 8th dist. 
872 — Isaac C. Parker, 9th district. 
872 — Ira B. Hyde, lOth district. 
872 — John B. Clark, Jr., nth dist: 
872 — ^John M. Glover, 12th disti 
872 — A. H. Buckner, 13th dist. 



RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. 

The United States census of 1870 gives the following general statistics 
of churches for Missouri : Total number of church organizations, 3,229 ; 
edifices, 2,082; sittings, 691,520, and value of property, ^9,709,358. 

Baptist.* — The first Baptist Church organized in what is now the 
State of Missouri, was founded near the present site of Jackson, Cape 
Girardeau County, in 1806, under the labors of Rev. D. Green. 

The growth of the denomination has been marked. It has gone 
steadily on in its increase until now it marshals a great host, and it is still 
rapidly enlarging in number and advancing in intelligence and general 
thrift. 

The Annual of the Baptist General Association of Missouri, for 1873, 
gives the following statistics : 63 District Associations (into which the 
General Association is divided) ; 1,327 churches; 1,047 ordained minis- 
ters; 83,803 members. About two-thirds of these churches have houses 
of worship with an aggregate value of $1,120,000. There are Baptist 
houses of worship in every county in the State, and Baptist ministers 
in every county with, perhaps, one exception. 

Rev. S. W. Marston, D. D., Missionary Secretary of the Missouri 
Baptist Sunday School Convention, in his report for 1871, gives the 
following summary : 806 Sunday Schools in the State; 6,247 teachers; 
48,261 scholars. 

The Bible and Publication Society, with headquarters in Philadelphia, 
has a branch house in St. Louis, under the management of Rev. G. J. 
Johnson, D.D., which has become one of the chief book establishments 
of the State. 

The Baptist periodicals of the State are \ht Central Baptist, St. Louis, 
by Messrs. Luther & Teasdale, and edited by Rev. J. H. Luther, D.D. ; 
and Ford's Repository, of St. Louis, edited and published by Rev. S. H. 
Ford, LL. D. 

The Baptist seats of learning in Missouri are : — 
William Jewell College, Liberty. 109 students and 6 professors. 
Stephens College, Columbia. Rev. E. S. Dulin, D.D., LL. D., presidents 
Mt. Pleasant College, Huntsville. Rev. J. W. Terrell, A. M., president. 
Baptist Female College, Lexington. Prof. A. F. Fleet, A. M., president. 
La Grange College, La Grange. Rev. J. F. Cook, LL.D., president. 
Baptist College, Louisiana. Rev. J. D. Biggs, A.M., president. 
Liberty Female College, Liberty, in charge of Miss Emerson. 

*By Rev. A. H. Burlixigham, D.D., Pastor Second Baptist Church, St. Louit, 



714 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

St. Louis Seminary for Voung Ladies, Jennings Station. B. T. Blewett, 

A.M., president. 
Fairview Female Seminary, Jackson. Rev. J. Reld, A.M., president. 
Boonville Seminary for Young Ladies. Rev. G. W. Rogers, A.M., 

president. 
North Grand River College, Edinburg, Grundy County, 
Ingleside Academy, Palmyra. Mrs. P. A. Baird, principaL 

Christian. — This is one of the largest denominations in Missouri. 
We copy the following statistics from the U. S. census of 1870, for Mis- 
souri : Number of organizations, 394 ; edifices, 229 ; sittings, 68,545 ; 
and value of church property, $514,700. 

The literary institutions of the denomination are : 
Christian College, Columbia, Boone County, which was chartered in 

1 85 1, and is a flourishing school for young ladies. J. K. Rogers, 

president. 
Christian University, Canton, Lewis County. Value of property, $50,000. 

Prof. B. H. Smith, president. 
Woodland College, Independence, Jackson County. Prof. A. W. 

Buckner, principal. 
Christian Orphan Asylum, Camden Point, Platte County. Prof. R. A. 

Broadhurst, in charge. 

The publications of this denomination in Missouri are, The Christian, 
302, n. Main street, St. Louis, J. H. Garrison, editor-in-chief. From 
this office are also issued The Little Watchman, L. H. Dowling, editor; 
The Little Sower, W. W. Dowling, editor, and the Morning Watch. 

Congregational.* — The following are the approximate statistics in 
1874: 

The first Trinitarian Congregational Church was organized in St. 
Louis, in 1852, Rev. T. M. Post, D. D., pastor. The church in Han- 
nibal was organized in 1859. In 1864-5, fifteen churches were organized 
in towns along the Hannibal & St. Joseph R. R. 

The statistics for 1874 are as follows: Number of churches, 68; min- 
isters and pastors, 53 ; church members, about 3,430 ; parish expenses 
(including building churches) in 1873, ^34>675 ; benevolent contri- 
butions, $5,426; churches organized in 1873-4. 

There are five District Associations : Hannibal Association, Rev. W. 
H. Hiles, register ; Kansas City Association, Rev. F. G. Shonell, regis- 
ter ; Kidder Associition, Rev. O. Brown, register; Springfield Associa- 
tion, Rev. G. H. Ashley, register; St. Louis Association, Rev. Charles 
Peabody, register. 

There as-e two Colleges: Thayer College at Kidder, Rev. Samuel D. 
Cochran, professor, has a fine building, and a large endowment of 
land in the vicinity, and has been in successful operation two years. 

♦By Rev. C. L. Goodell, Pastor Pilgrim Congregational Church, and Hon. S. B. Kellogg, St. Louis. 



RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. 715 

The other, Drury College, is located at Springfield, Rev. N. J. Morri- 
son, president. It is in successful operation. 

Episcopal.* — The first service of the Protestant Episcopal Church in 
Missouri, was held October 24th, and Christ Church, St. Louis, was 
organized as a parish November ist, 1819. The Rev. John Ward, previ- 
ously of Lexington, Kentucky, was the first minister. Six persons 
united in the first service. 

The following are the statistics of the denominations for 1874: Num- 
ber of communicants, 4,548; ministers, 49; church buildings, 48; Sun- 
day schools, 55; scholars, 3,470; teachers, 444. The denomination 
controls 4 schools, with 200 scholars and 13 teachers. There are church 
building in 29 counties ; ministers resident in 22 ; and churches organ- 
ized in 56. 

The contributions of this diocese for 1873 "^^re as follows: For Dio- 
cesan missions, $3,588; other missions, ;^2,5oi ; to Episcopal fund, 
$1,087 i ^y Sunday schools, $1,944; .charitable purposes, $4,032 ; alms, 
$2,261; salaries and assessments, $45,669; parish purposes, $62,258; 
miscellaneous purposes, $67,181; total, $190,522. The Diocese of 
Missouri is conterminous with the State of Missouri. 

Friends. — The census of 1870 gives the following statistics of this 
denomination in Missouri : Number of organizations and edifices, 2 ; 
sittings, 500; value of property, $2,000. 

Israelite.f — There is scarcely a county in the State of Missouri, 
where not at least one dozen of Jewish families are settled. Jefferson 
City, Sedalia, Springfield, Rolla, Washington, Macon City, Louisiana, 
Hannibal and different other places have wealthy, influential Jewish 
citizens, but too few in numbers to form independent religious com- 
munities. Only in St. Louis, St. Joseph and Kansas City have they 
established congregations. Sabbath schools, houses of worship and institu- 
tions of charity. 

The oldest Hebrew congregation in Missouri was organized in 1838, 
in St. Louis. The following summary gives an approximate statement 
of the congregations in Missouri : 

In St. Louis — Four congregations, 270 members, 4 ministers, 3 houses 
of worship, value of property, $225,000, 3 Sabbath schools, 6 teachers, 
and 265 scholars. 

In Kansas City — Two congregations, 80 members, 2 ministers, 2 
houses of worship, 2 Sabbath schools, 2 teachers, and 75 scholars. 

In St. Joseph — One congregation, 45 members, i minister, i house of 
worship, I Sabbath school, i teacher and 50 scholars. 

Total — Seven congregations, 495 members, 7 ministers, 6 houses of 
worship, 6 Sabbath schools, 9 teachers, and 390 scholars. 

* By the Rt. Rev. C. F. Robertson, D.D., Bishop of the Diocese of Missouri. 

t By Rev. Dr. S. H. Sonneschein, Rabbi of Temple of the Gates of Truth, St. Louis. 



7i6 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Evangelical Lutheran.* — The first Lutheran Church organized in 
the State of Missouri was founded in St. Louis in 1839. 

The following are the statistics of the denomination for 1874: 

Number of ordained ministers in Missouri, 70 ; Lutheran churches, 
85; congregations, 85; parochial schools, 125. 

The Lutheran educational institutions of the State are : 

Concordia College in St. Louis — Theological students, 200. 

High School in St. Louis — Scholars, 75. 

The charitable institutions are : Lutheran Hospital and Asylum in St. 
Louis ; Lutheran Orphan Home in St. Louis County. 

At St. Louis are also located the Lutheran Central Bible Society and 
the Lutheran Book Concern of the German Evangelical Lutheran Synod 
of Missouri, Ohio and other States. 

The following Lutheran periodicals are published in St. Louis: Der 
Lutheraner (semi-monthly). Die Abendschule (semi-monthly), Lehre und 
Wehre (monthly). Evangel. Luth. Schulblatt (monthly). 

German Evangelical.f — The Evangelical Synod of the West pre- 
sents the following statistics for Missouri : Number of churches, 40 ; 
communing members, 7,000 ; clergymen, 40 \ Sunday schools, 40 ; 
teachers, 400; Sunday school children, 4,200; parochial schools, 32; 
scholars, 3,300 ; value of church property, $440,000 ; of school property, 
^160,000; total church and school property, $600,000. The Friedens- 
bote is the name of a newspaper published under the patronage of this 
denomination in Missouri. Evangelical Missouri College is the theolog- 
ical seat of learning of this Synod, and is located in Warren county. 

Methodist Episcopal Church. | — The Methodist Episcopal Church 
in Missouri dates from an early period in the history of the State. 
Indeed, several societies were formed before it became a State, and these 
were a part of the old Illinois Conference. 

When the separation of 1844-45 took place, and the Methodist Epis- 
copal Church South was formed, the societies in Missouri were broken 
up, with few exceptions, and the members either joined the M. E. Ch. South 
or remained unable to effect a reorganization until 1848, when the Missouri 
Conference resumed its sessions. These were held annually until the 
late Civil War, when preachers and members were driven from nearly all the 
stations and circuits, and the membership was reduced to almost a nom- 
inal figure, so that reports could not indicate the facts. There were 
probably less than 3,000 in actual fellowship in 1861 and 1862. 

In May, 1862, the General Conference added Arkansas to the Missouri 
Conference, and it bore the name of " The Missouri and Arkansas Con- 

• By Rev. C. F. W. Walther, President of Concordia College, St. Louis. 
•f-By Rev. Ernest Roos, Pastor of St. Peter's German Evangelical Church, St. Louis. 
\ By Rev. Thomas Bowman, Bishop, and B. Stinson, Esq., Assistant Editor Central Christian 
Advocate, 



RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. 717 

ference," until 1868, when the Conference was divided — the societies 
north of the Missouri River retaining the old name, Missouri Conference. 
The societies south of the river in Missouri, and those in Arkansas, were 
formed into "The St. Louis Conference." 

In May, 1872, the societies in Missouri south of the river became the 
St. Louis Conference, those in Arkansas, the Arkansas Conference. 

The number of members in the Missouri Conference, which includes 
Missouri north of the Missouri River, in 1873 ^"d 1874 was 14,625 ; of 
probationers, 4,063; and of local preachers, 186. The church property 
is valued at $291,425, including 121 churches, value $272,400, and 36 
parsonages, valued at $19,025. The number of Sunday schools was 203 ; 
of officers and teachers, 1,790; and of scholars, 10,675. 

The St. Louis Conference, including Missouri south of the Missouri 
River, reports for 1873-74, 13,544 members, 2,609 probationers, and 193 
local preachers. Its church property is valued at $509,785 — having 124 
churches, value 466,385 ; and 37 parsonages, value $43,400 ; Sunday 
schools, 122; officers and teachers, 1,198; scholars, 9,616 — giving a 
total for the State of Missouri as follows : Members, 28,169; probation- 
ers, 6,672; local preachers, 379; value of church property, $801,210 — 
including 245 churches valued at $738,785, and 73 parsonages valued at 
^62,425 ; number of Sunday schools, 325 ; officers and teachers in 
Sunday schools, 2,898; scholars in Sunday schools, 20,291. 

There are several flourishing schools and colleges in the State under 
the patronage of the Church, the principal of which are Lewis College, 
Glasgow. Johnson College, Macon City; and Carleton Institute, in 
Southeast Missouri. 

The Western Book Depository is doing a large business, in St. Louis — 
Hitchcock & Walden, agents, who also publish the Central Christian 
Advocate, a weekly journal of church news. The editor is appointed by 
the General Conference, which meets quadrennially, and which will meet 
in St. Louis in 1876. The present editor is Benj. St. James Fry, D.D. ; 
B. Stinson, assistant. 

New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian). — The census of 1870 gives the 
following statistics of this denomination in Missouri : Organizations, 4 ; 
edifices, 3: sittings, i,ooo; value of property, $22,500. 

Presbyterian.* — The Synod of Missouri is conterminous with the 
limits of the State and is in connection with the General Assembly of 
the Presbyterian Church, in the United States of America. It was first 
organized by order of the General Assembly, in October, A. D., 1832. 
It has several times in its history been divided, and other large and flour- 
ishing Synods have been formed out of it. It is now composed of six 
Presbyteries : Osage, Ozark, Palmyra, Platte, Potosi and St. Louis, with 

•By Rev. S. J. Niccolls, D D,, Pastor Second Presbyterian Church, St. Louis, and Rev. J. W. Allen, 
District Secretary of Home Missions, St. Louis. 



7i8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

10,000 members, 220 churches, and 140 ministers. The growth of the 
membership has been rapid during the past 7 or 8 years. 

The Synod has under its care Lindenwood Female College, located at 
St. Charles. Rev. J. H. Nixon, D.D., president. 

The Presbyterian Board of Publication, with headquarters in Philadel- 
phia, has a Depository in St. Louis in charge of Rev. Robert Irwin, 
District Superintendent of colporterage. 

Cumberland Presbyterian Church* was organized in Tennessee, 
Feb. 4th, 1810, with 3 ordained ministers. The denomination is con- 
fined to the Mississippi Valley and the Pacific slope. The general sta- 
tistics of the church for the United States are approximately as follows : 
I general assembly, 24 synods, 104 presbyteries, and about 135,000 
members ; 3 universities, several colleges, and numerous academies and 
high schools. The first congregation in Missouri was organized in 1820. 
The statistics of the denomination in this State are as follows : 3 synods, 
13 presbyteries, 155 ordained ministers, 50 licensed preachers, and 48 
candidates preparing for the ministry; 340 congregations, 18,000 mem- 
bers, 10,000 persons in Sunday school; value of church property, 
$262,000 ; 4 academies and high schools. The denomination controls 
McGee College (Macon County), which contains ii professors and 273 
students, with Rev. J. B. Mitchell, D.D., President. 

The periodicals of the State are the Cumberland Presbyterian (weekly), 
Rev. J. R. Brown, D.D., editor, Messrs. Brown & Perrin, publishers, St. 
Louis. Also by the same, the Ladies Pearl (monthly) ; the McGee Col- 
lege Record, (semi-annually,) in the interest of McGee College, by Rev. 
J. B. Mitchell, D.D., and others. The General Assembly has a Board of 
Missions that holds its meetings in St. Louis. 

Old School Presbyterian. f — The first Presbyterian sermon in St. 
Louis, after the cession of the territory to the United States, was preached 
November 6th, 181 4, by Rev. Daniel Smith, of Bennington, Vermont, who 
in company with Rev. S. J. Mills, of Carringford, Connecticut, was 
sent hither by the Bible and Missionary Society of New England and 
Philadelphia. The first baptism by a Presbyterian minister in St. Louis, 
was administered March 3rd, 1816, by Rev. Gideon Blackburn, of Nash- 
ville, Tennessee. The late Mrs. Mortimer Kennett was one of the 
children then baptized. The Lord's Supper was administered by Rev. 
T. Flint for the first time in St. Louis, to members of this denomination, 
Sunday July 21st, 1816. The first Presbyterian Church west of the Mis- 
sissippi River, was organized August 3d, 18 16, as the Bellevue Church, at 
Caledonia, Washington County. Bonhomme Church, St. Louis County, 
was organized October 4th, 181 6. First Presbyterian Church, St. Louis, 

* By Rev. J. E. Sharp, Pastor of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, Kansas City, and Hon. R, C: 
£wing. Judge of the Criminal Court, Jackson County. 
t By Rev. R. P. Farris, D.D., editor of the " Old School Presbyterian." 



RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. 719 

was organized November 23d, 181 7. St. Charles Presbyterian Church 
was organized August 30th, 1818. 

The Old School Presbyterian Synod of Missouri consisted, in 1872, 
of 6 Presbyteries, 90 ministers, 130 churches, 8,000 communicants, 600 
Sunday school teachers, 6,000 Sunday school scholars. 

Westminster College, at Fulton, under the patronage of this denomi- 
nation, has 6 professors, 100 students, and ;^ioo,ooo endowment. 

The Old School Presbyterian (weekly), is published in St. Louis by 
Charles B. Cox. Its editor is Robert P. Farris. 

United Presbyterian.* — This denomination has i Presbytery, 
organized at Warrensburg in 1867, consisting of 11 congregations which 
are principally in Jackson, Johnson, Cass and Bates Counties. The deno- 
mination has 7 ministers located in the State, and all the congregations 
have comfortable houses of worship. Lincoln College, located at Green- 
wood, Mo., was founded Sept. ist, 1869, under the patronage of this 
denomination, and is an excellent and flourishing institution. It has a 
library of one thousand volumes, and property valued at about $5,000. 

The Reformed Church in the U. S. (late German Reform.) — 
The census of 1870 gives the following statistics of this denomination in 
Missouri: Organizations, 11; edifices, 9; sittings 1,900; value of pro- 
perty, $16,900. 

Roman Catholic. f — The archives of the archdiocese of St. Louis, 
place the date of the building of the first Catholic church in the city of 
St. Louis in 1770. The first pastor of the church was Rev. Mr. Gibault, 
a native of France. Bishop Dubourg, of New Orleans, had then charge 
of Upper and Lower Louisiana, and more than once visited St. Louis. 
St. Louis was erected into an Episcopal See in 1826. Rt. Rev. Joseph 
Rosati was the first Bishop of St. Louis. There are now, in 1874, two 
Catholic Sees in the State of Missouri : the Archdiocese of St. Louis, 
and the Diocese of St. Joseph. Most Rev. Peter Richard Kenrick, 
assisted by Rt. Rev. Patrick John Ryan, his coadjutor, consecrated in 
April 1872, governs the archdiocese of St. Louis. Rt, Rev. John Hogan 
governs the Diocese of St. Joseph. 

The Catholic Almanac of 1874, shows the following prosperous con- 
dition of the Catholic Church in this State : 

The archdiocese of St. Louis contains: Churches, 187; in course of 
erection, 10; chapels and stations, 40; priests, 213; clerical students, 
48. The literary institutions for young men are : i university, 2 col- 
leges and I academy ; religious orders of men, 7 ; female academies and 
convents, 9 ; hospitals, 4 ; orphan asylums, 4 ; number of orphans, 
1,000; benevolent and charitable institutions, 6; religious orders of 
women, 36 ; Catholic population, about 250,000. 

* By Rev. Randall Ross, President of Lincoln College, Greenwood, 
t By Rev. Wm. Walsh, Pastor St. Bridget's Church, St. Louis. 



72a CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Besides the above religious and literary institutions, there are about 
ICO Catholic parish schools attached to the churches of the archdiocese, 
educating not less than 25,000 children of both sexes. These schools are 
under the direction of the Catholic clergy, whose congregations build 
and support them. The teachers are generally religious, and receive but 
small salaries. There are Sunday schools in all the churches, attended 
by the children of the parish schools, and all others who desire religious 
instruction. 

The diocese of St. Joseph contains : Churches, 24 ; missions and 
chapels, 23 ; priests, 1 7 ; colleges, academies and parish schools, 30 ; 
Catholic population, about 16,000. 

These figures give the following summary for the State of Missouri : 
Churches, 211; in course of erection, 10; chapels, missions and 
stations, b^, ; priests, 230 ; clerical students, 48 ; literary institutions, 
including universities, colleges, academies and parish schools, 134 ; female 
academies and convents, 9 ; religious orders of men, 7 ; hospitals, 4 ; 
orphan asylums, 4; number of orphans, 1,000; benevolent and charit- 
able institutions, 6 ; religious orders of women, 36 ; Catholic popula- 
tion, about 266,000. 

The value of the church and school property in this State is about 
$4,000,000. It must be admitted that this Church has done much for 
Christian education, and to bestow charity upon the distressed. 
There are two excellent Catholic book stores in St. Louis, one in charge 
of P. Fox, and the other in charge of F. Saler ; also two Catholic news- 
papers, the Western Watchman (weekly), English, and the Herald 
Des Glaubens (weekly), German. There are two very valuable libraries 
in the archdiocese, one, the Diocesan Library, attached to St. John's 
Church, St. Louis, and the other attached to the St. Louis University. 
There is a very excellent library at the Christian Brothers' College, and 
a circulating library attached to most of the Catholic churches of the 
city of St. Louis. 

The literary institutions of the denomination are as follows : 

Theological Seminary, St. Vincent's, Cape Girardeau. Very Rev. 
A. Verrinna, C. M., president. 

St. Louis University, St. Louis. Rev. J. G. Zealand, S. J., president. 

Christian Brothers' College, St. Louis. Bro. James, director. 

Saint Patrick's Academy, St. Louis. Bro. Nicholas, director. 

Convent and Academy of the Visitation, St. Louis, for young ladies, 
in charge of the Sisters of the Visitation. 

Convent and Academy of the Sisters of Saint Joseph, Hannibal. 

Convent and Academy of the Sacred Heart, for young ladies, to which 
is attached a day-school in the old convent, St. Louis. 

Saint Joseph's Convent and Academy, South St. Louis — lately Caron- 
delet — under the Sisters of Saint Joseph. 



RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. 721 

Convent and Academy of the Sisters of Loretto, Florissant. 

Convent and Academy of the Sisters of Loretto, Cape Girardeau. 

Ursuline Convent and Academy, St. Louis. 

Academy and Convent of the Sacred Heart, St. Charles, in charge of 
the Sisters of the Sacred Heart. 

Convent and Academy of the Sisters of St. Joseph, Ste. Genevieve. 

Convent and Academy of the Sisters of St. Joseph, Kansas City. 

Unitarian.* — In St. Louis the First Unitarian Church (the Church 
•of the Messiah,) was organized in 1834 by Rev. W. G. Eliot, who 
remained its pastor for 37 years. The Second Church (Church of the 
Unity,) was established in 1868, under Rev. J. C. Learned, its present 
pastor. A " Free School and Mission House," for reception and educa- 
tion of destitute children, has been supported by the above churches for 
thirty-five years. The first free day school in Missouri was established 
"by the Church of the Messiah. There are twelve or fifteen other Unita- 
rian churches in Missouri, but the statistics have not been received. 

German Independent Evangelical Protestant Union, or 
United Church. f — The first society of this Union was founded in 1834 
in St. Louis. Revs. Wall and Picker were the pioneers of this work. 
With the increase of German population of St. Louis and Missouri, many 
new societies with similar views were formed, but remained all isolated 
from each other until 1869, when a number of ministers and laymen from 
:several of these societies formed a Union ( Verein) in St. Louis. Since 
then three annual conventions of delegates have been held. The Protes- 
.tantischen Zeitbldtter, in Cincinnati, is at present the outward organ of 
the Evangelical Protestant Union of the West. 

United Brethren in Christ. — The census of 1870, gives the fol- 
lowing statistics of this denomination in Missouri : Number of organiza- 
tions, 38; edifices, 20; sittings, 5,800, and value of property $32,000. 

Universalist. — The census of 1870 gives the following statistics of 
this denomination in Missouri : Number of organizations, 5 ; edifices, 2 j 
sittings, 1,300, and value of property, 1^8,300. 

M. E. Church South. | — The first preaching by Methodist or any 
Protestant minister in what is now the State of Missouri, was by Rev. 
John Clark, who resided in the American Bottom, where now stands the 
city of Alton, and occasionally crossed the river and preached to a set- 
tlement of Americans near Florissant of St. Louis County. He was a 
local, or lay preacher. 

The first regularly appointed Methodist preacher in Missouri was 
Rev. John Travis, who received an appointment from Bishop Asbury in 
1806. He formed two circuits, and at the end of the year returned one 

* By Rev. John Snyder, Pastor of the First Unitarian Church, St. Louis. 

t By Rev Dr. J G. Eberhard, Pastor of Church of " Holy Ghost," St. Louis. 

X By Rev. D. R. McAoally, D. D., Editor St. Louis Christian Advocate. 



722 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 

hundred members. These circuits were called " Missouri " and " Mar^^ 
emac," and at the Conference of 1807, Jesse Walker was sent to supply 
the first, and Edmund Wilcox fhe latter. 

From this time preachers were regularlv appointed and worked to 1820, 
at which time there were in Missouri 21 traveling preachers, and 2,079 
members. In 1821, Methodism proper was introduced into St. Louis by 
Rev. Jesse Walker, who, that year, secured the erection of a small house 
of worship on the corner of what is now Fourth and Myrtle streets, and 
returned 127 members. 

The interests of the church have been carried forward steadily fronv 
the first, and the statistical reports for 1873 show in the M. E. Churcn 
South 604 preachers, (253 traveling and 351 local), 46,786 members, 401 
churches ; estimated value, $936,585 ; 50 parsonages ; estimated value,. 
$88,500. 

The General Conference of 1850 made arrangements for the establish- 
ing of a publishing house in St. Louis, and in 1851 the St. Louis Chris- 
tian Advocate (weekly), under the editorial managenent of D. R. 
McAnally, who, with an intermission of four years, has continued to edit 
it to the present. There is also published at the same house a quarterly 
called the Southern Review, edited by A. T. Bledsoe, LL.D. The house 
has issued tens of thousands of religious books, pamphlets and tracts, 
besides thousands that were issued for others in the regular way of busi- 
ness. Among the institutions of learning in Missouri, under the patron- 
age of the Church, are : 

Saint Charles College, founded in 1835. 

Central College, Fayette, founded in 1852. 

Arcadia College, at Arcadia, founded in 1843. 

Pritchett Institute, Glasgow \ Bellevue Collegiate Institute, Caledonia. 

Shelby High School, Shelbyville ; Macon High School, Bloomington.. 

Monticello High School, Monticello ; Charleston High School, 
Charleston ; Central Female College, Lexington 3 Howard Female Col- 
lege, Fayette; with others of less note. 



CLIMATOLOGY. 

By George Engelmann, M. D., St. Loms. 

The climate of a country is the result of its geographical position and 
its topographical configuration. Missouri, in the center of that part of 
the great North American Continent which extends from the Rocky Moun- 
tains eastward to the Atlantic Ocean, constituting a great plain, so' to say, 
unprotected by mountain ranges, unmodified by the proximity of oceans 
and their currents, largely partakes of and typically exemplifies the 
"continental climate," i. e., a climate of extremes, extremes in heat and 
cold, moisture and drought. 

Missouri is a great undulating region extending from the 36th to the 
41st degree of north latitude, and between the 12th and 19th degree of 
longitude west of Washington, rising from its eastern border, on the 
winding course of the Mississippi River, toward the west and northwest, 
from less than 300 feet to 1,200 or 1,400 feet above the ocean ; open 
towards the Gulf of Mexico, 500 miles distant ; open toward the 
northern country at the sources of the Mississippi and the Arctic regions, 
open eastward through the Ohio Valley to the Alleghany Ranges, and 
open westward through the Missouri Valley toward the Rocky Mountains ; 
well watered by the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers and their affluents. 

The altitude above the sea on the Mississippi River rises from only 
about 275 feet near the southeast corner of the State, to 445 feet on its 
northeast corner. On the Missouri River, it rises from near 400 feet at 
its mouth to over 1,000 feet at the northwest corner of the State. The 
inland portion on these points lies from 50 to 200 feet higher than the 
low water-mark of the rivers, and on the water-sheds of their affluents 
it is from 400 to 600 feet higher yet, while the elevation of the Ozark 
Hills, in the south-eastern and southern parts of the State, stretching from 
Pilot Knob south-southwestward, amounts to several hundred feet more, 
just enough to influence the climate locally, but not sufficient to bear 
on that of the whole State. 

The principal elements of the climate of a country are its temperature- 
and its moisture. They influence and condition the existence and pros- 
perity of organic life and the well-being of the human family. But these 
elements are to be considered not only in their averages, but even more 
so in their extremes ; for the extremes, more than the means, establish 
the capability for, and the geographical limits of many productions. 
Unfortunately, we have an extended series of meteorological observations 
only of St. Louis. In 8 or 10 other stations throughout the State, observ- 
ations have been made by private individuals, mostly for the Smithsonian 



724 



CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 



Institution, but their results have only been partially made available. 
The signal service of the U. S. army, established in 1871, has only one 
station in Missouri, at St. Louis, but the results of the stations at Cairo 
on our south-eastern border, at Keokuk, near the north-eastern angle, and 
Leavenworth on the western line, give us important data, which will 
become more valuable as they extend over a longer series of years. 

My records, embracing a period of nearly 40 years, give the mean 
temperature of the city of St. Louis 55*5 F., with a variation in different 
years from 53°4 to 58°o, and with a range between extremes from — 23°© 
to + io4°o. Comparative observations prove that these temperatures 
are peculiar to the built-up, paved and almost vegetation-less city, and 
that in the country, even in the immediate neighborhood, the temperature 
is on an average 2 degrees lower, while in certain localities and under 
certain influences of wind and moisture, it may differ occasionally as much 
as 8 or 10 degrees. We are, therefore, justified in assuming for the 
■country near St. Louis, a mean temperature of 53 degrees. 

The mean temperature of the seasons varies even more than that of the 
whole year. Our winters, taken in the usually assumed meteorological 
sense, from the first of December to the last of February, have in the city 
an average temperature of 33^3, and may be estimated for the surround- 
ing country at 32°, but they vary in different seasons between 25° (winter 
of 1855-56 and 1872-73), and 40° (winter of 1844-1845). Our sum- 
mers (from June ist to Aug. 31st) have in the city a mean temperature 
of 76°8, and are calculated to reach in the country 75° ; ranging between 
the coolest summer of 71^5 mean temperature (1835, 1839 and 1848), and 
the warmest of 80° mean temperature (1838, 1850, and especially 1854). 
The following table gives the exact data for the city: 



Mean Temperature 

Highest Means 

Lowest Means 

Range of Mean Temperatures 

Range of Highest Temperatures.. 

Amount of Range 

Range of Lowest Temperatures .... 

Amount of Range 

Absolute Range of Temperatures.. 



Winter. 



33°6 

40°4 

26°4 

i4°o 

49° : 81° 

32° 

— 23°4-IO° 

33° 
104° 



Spring. 



55"4 

62°2 

48°6 
I3°6 

85° : 97° 
12° 

0° : 28° 
28° 
97° 



Summer. 



76°8 



104" 
57° 



Autumn. 



56"3 
6o°s 
5i'3 

9''2 

82" : 



Whole Year.' 



55°6 

S8"2 

53'4 

4''8 

93° : 
n 

-23": 

33° 
127O 



This table contains some novel but practically quite important features, 
which require explanation. It indicates that the lowest temperature 
in our St. Louis winters may not fall below + 10°, or it may fall as low 
as — 23° ; it ranges between -f 10° and — 23° ; thus in the same season 
we reach always a temperature of at least 49°, but it may rise to 81°. 
Then, our summer heat sometimes does not exceed 93°, but may rise to 
104°, while it never falls below 43°, but sometimes not below 57". The 
table further shows that mean temperatures of winter and spring are the 
most variable, that in different years they may vary as much as 14° and 



CLIMA TQL OGY. 725 

13.6°, while those of summer and autumn vary only 8° and 9° in different 
seasons; and in the whole year as much as nearly 5°. The last line 
gives the actually observed range of temperatures, (not of a single year, 
but of the series of nearly forty years,) for winter and autumn 104° and 
103°, for spring 97°, and for summer only 61°, but for the whole year as 
much as 127°. Doubtless these numbers, expressing the range of tem- 
peratures, will be considerably exceeded in the western and especially 
north-western parts of the State, when exact observations have been 
continued for a number of years. The extreme daily ranges of temper- 
ature amount, in winter and spring, sometimes to 56°, while in summer 
and fall they do not exceed 40°, but usually amount to about 20° in clear 
weather. 

The Diagram No. II exhibits, in a graphic shape, the conditions of 
temperature in every month of the year at St. Louis. , The central curve 
represents the mean temperature of every month, as it rises from January 
to July, and gradually falls again to December. The shaded band shows 
the limits within which the means of every month may range. The upper 
margin gives the highest mean, and the lower one the lowest mean found 
for each month in the years, through which the observations were carried 
on. It will be noticed that the band is broadest, the extremes are 
farthest apart, the range is greatest, from January to April, and narrow- 
est, the range least, from June to September. The uppermost and 
the lowest curves (above and below the shaded band) represent the actu- 
ally observed highest and lowest temperatures of each month. A glance 
at the diagram shows that the range of temperature was found greatest 
from October to April, and least from June to August. May and Sep- 
tember exhibit an intermediate condition. 

The last frosts in spring occur between March 13th and May 2d, on 
an average about April 5 th ; and the earliest autumnal frosts set in 
between October 4th and November 26th, on an average about October 
27th; the period between these two terms extends in different years, 
from 184 to 252 days, on an average 205 days. In the south-east part 
of the State these limits of the freezing point will, of course, be much 
wider apart : and in the north-west they are narrowed down considera- 
bly. Our spring opens in March, though in some favored seasons veg- 
etation breaks through its wintry bounds already in the latter part of 
February, while in a few very late springs it can hardly be said to have 
fairly commenced before the middle of April. The progress of veget- 
able development can best be appreciated by the observation of common 
wild or cultivated trees and shrubs. It is of course well known that 
different varieties, especially of the cultivated trees, blossom at slightly 
different periods, that soil and exposure have considerable influence 
on the flowering time, and that even the age of a tree is not without 
its effect. We must therefore, in instituting such observations, ta)ie an 



726 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

average of many trees in a neighborhood, or confine ourselves to certain 
individual trees, comparing their development in different seasons. 
Thus we find that the first in bloom is the alder and the hazel, next — not 
Tarely retarded by intervening cold spells — the soft or silver-leaf maple ; 
our common white elm blooms a few days after this, between Feb- 
ruary 24th and April i5tVi, on an average March 19th. During the next 
following days roses, syringas, gooseberries, and many other bushes, and 
the weeping willows show their young leaves. About two weeks after 
the elm — between March i8th and April 25th, on an average about April 
2d — the peach trees open their first blossoms, and are one week later in 
full bloom. Plum and pear trees, and sweet cherries blossom about the 
same time, or a few days later, and then the sour cherries and the glory 
of our rich woods, the redbuds, get into bloom. Between March 21st 
and May ist, (mean April 14th), the early apple trees begin to bloom; 
and between March 28th and May loth (mean April 20th) they may be 
said to be in full bloom. Syringas flower about the same time, crab 
apples five to eight days later, and a few days after them the quince 
bushes. The acacia, or black locust, native of our south-eastern border 
and cultivated everywhere about farms and in towns, begins to bloom 
between April nth and May 23d, on an average May ist, and six to ten 
days later is in its fullest fragrant glory. Ripening strawberries and 
•cherries, and blooming roses closely follow it, and the catalpa, a very 
irregular bloomer, comes in full development generally between two and 
three weeks after the acacia. 

The maturity and harvest of winter wheat immediately succeeds the 
catalpa bloom, between June loth and July ist, usually about June 20th. 

The two seasons of 1842 and 1843 well represented the extremes, the 
former having exhibited the earliest and the latter about the latest vege- 
table development, within the last 40 years, in this neighborhood, the 
•difference embracing a period of five to seven weeks. 

The average temperature of a State of the extent of Missouri must 
necessarily vary considerably from that of the country about St. Louis ; 
it recedes as we approach the more elevated plains of the West and of the 
North. The mean summer temperature varies but little throughout the 
State. In the summer of 1873, ^^ mean temperature in the south-east was 
found only i^^ degree higher than that of the north-east, and the differ- 
ence between St. Louis and the west was even less. The winter temper- 
atures, however, show a wide range, as the isothermal lines on the map 
approximately indicate. The Signal Service observations for 1872-73 
show the winter in the south-east (Cairo) to have been 4° warmer 
than about St. Louis, and 11° warmer than in the north-eastern cor- 
ner of the State (Keokuk), and 3° warmer in St. Louis than on the 
western border (Leavenworth), the greater difference naturally occuring 
on the north and south line, the lesser, but quite perceptible one, in the 



CLIMATOLOGY. 



727 



east and west directions. In spring, the difference was found to amount to 
over 6° between the south-eastern and north-eastern, and only i^° between 
the eastern and western parts of the State. The difference of the mean 
temperature of the autumnal season, in the different parts of the State, is 
intermediate between the difference which exists in summer and that 
■which is found in spring ; for we observe a diminution over 4° from 
south to north, and over 2° from east to west. 

The mean temperature of the south-eastern part of the State is 2)^ to 
3° higher than at St. Louis, and 5^° higher than in the north-eastern 
angle ; and the mean temperature of Leavenworth and the adjacent parts 
of Missouri, is fully 2° less than that of the region about St. Louis. 

In connection with our winter temperature, it must be mentioned tnat 
the Mississippi at St. Louis freezes over about once in four or five years, 
partly, no doubt, in consequence of the heavy ice floating down from the 
North, and it then remains closed for one or two or even four or six weeks, 
sometimes passable for the heaviest teams. Our river has been known to 
close as early as the first week in December, and, in other years, to open 
as late as the last week in February, while the running ice may impede 
or interrupt navigation between the end of November and the end of 
February, sometimes as low down as the south-east corner of the State ; 
the river is said, however, never to freeze over below Cape Girardeau. 

The Missouri River is sometimes closed in the latter part of November, 
and has been known to remain firmly bridged over into the first week of 
March. 

The climate of Missouri is on the whole a dry one, with strong evap- 
oration and an atmosphere but rarely overloaded with moisture. The 
average amount of vapor, or rather dissolved water, in the atmosphere, 
the relative humidity, is only 66 (66 per cent, of complete saturation), 
72 in winter, 59 in spring, 66 in summer, and 68 in autumn. Thus, 
spring proves to have the driest atmosphere, and April (56) more than 
any other month, which, by the way, is perfectly compatible with the 
considerable fall of rain which we often notice in spring. 

We enjoy in Missouri an unusual amount of fair weather. Our 
autumnal season is celebrated for it, and also in the other parts of the 
year fair weather and bright sunshine prevail to the great benefit of 
organized life and the well-being of the human family. 



Clear or nearly clear days 

Partially clear and variable days 

Days when the sun remains obscured.... 



Winter. 



Spring. 



Summer. 


•Autumn. 


Whole 
Year. 


40 
48 
4 


40 

39 
12 


143 
173 
49 



Meteorologists have still another method to express the same facts, by 
rating the clear sky as o, and the overcast one as lo, with the intermedi- 



728 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 



ate numbers designating the intermediate grades of cloudiness. After 
this method, we find the five months from November to March rated 
between 5 and 5^ ; April, May and October between 4 and 5 ; June till 
September between 2>/t and 4; and the whole average year at 4^ of 
proportional cloudiness. 

The average annual rainfall, including the melted snow, in St. Louis^ 
is 41 inches, but varies considerably in different years ; it has been as 
low as 25 and as high as 68 inches. Our regular rainy season extends 
from the middle of April to the middle of July, comprising the latter 
part of spring and the earlier part of summer. This, however, 'often suf- 
fers exceptions, as in our latitude the seasons are not so distinctly marked 
as nearer the tropics. 



RAINFALL. 


Winter. 


Spring. 


Summer. 


Autumn. 


Whole 
Year. 




7 
16 

2 


12 

21 

5 


13 
32 

5 


9 
20 

3 


41 




68 




25 





In the low south-eastern part of the State, the annual rainfall is some- 
what higher than at St. Louis, while westward and especially north-west- 
ward, it diminishes to not more than 28 inches. 

The accompanying map exhibits the areas of greater and lesser rainfall 
(44 inches south and south-eastward, to 28 inches northward) taken from 
the carefully prepared "Tables- and Results of the Precipitation of Rain 
and Snow, digested by Ch. A. Schott," for the Smithsonian Institution, 
based on the best and most extensive observations obtainable. 

Our Diagram No. Ill exhibits the monthly means and extremes of the 
rainfall, as observed here in 35 years. It will be seen from it that the aver- 
age quantity is least in January and February, increases till June, is much 
less in July and August, and from September to December is only some- 
what higher than in January and February. March to August comprises 
our wet, and September to February our dry season. The extremes vary 
excessively, as the same diagram shows, the upper line giving the highest 
observed in each month, and the lower line the lowest amount collected. 
It will be seen that in every month, rain to the amount of nearly 8 inches 
or more may fall in St. Louis; only January has never given as much as 
5 inches. In May and December, we have had as much as about 11 
inches; and in June, even 17. That was in the year 1858, when, in 
that month, several extremely heavy but quite local rains descended, 
amounting to 6 or even 7 inches in a single day. 

The Diagram further exhibits by the lower line, the least amount of 
rain for each month. Only in November it ever reached zero ; August 
to October, it sometimes amounted to a small fraction of an inch ; in 
every other month, except May, it was occasionally less than one inch ; 
in May only, it amounted to less than 2 inches. 

The Signal Service observations find the annual quantity of rain in 
1872-73 to have been about 2 inches less in Keokuk than in Leavenworth, 
and 2yi inches more in Cairo than in St. Louis; whilst the difference 
between St. Louis and Keokuk amounted to over 10 inches, the maximum 
of 41^ inches in Cairo, and the minimum in this area which includes 
our State, in Keokuk, of nearly 29 inches. 



ifliiNtTatin^ Hie 

GEO. ENGELM/VKN^MJ) 



I. 

ANNUAL RAIN FALL (including melted snow^ 

« FROM 1839 TO 1874-. 



Comtnided / mgra vat 
expressly for 
CJaIIPBEUJS GAZETTEER OFMSSOURl. 




MEAN ^EXTREME TEWPERATURES OBSERVED, 1835 TO 1873. 




MEAN & EXTREME QUANTITIES OF RAIN (INCLUDINGMELTEO 

OBSERVED, 1839 TO 1873- 




|^woviea3TJ3M aMtaujDwi}JJA1 MIAfl JAUHMA, 



r.- ,- P • MfT 



11(11 'm»b>r!7!oj) 






U-1'^' Mi i U !- 



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oil .\WK^^?.m'\Q s^aKiTSSi4>A,wa3YWA:> 



£Y8f OT ee8Ka3Vy?33aO 83«UTA?13S1V!1T 3M3?=!TX1^ MA3M 






W — 



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a.-v. 



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frv. 












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-g^atOT e&8f .gavy^aea o _____ \ 



• vA\ i_. • I «\ r. . w^ . '^i^vj . ^^sA. 



j5.w\m^<\v\s\\. 






V. 
A 



t. r- 

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-rrr:_,L 



CLIMATOLOGY. 729 

The winter rains were twice as heavy in Cairo as on the 3 other 
stations, but less in Keokuk than either St. Louis or Leavenworth. The 
spring rains were very nearly equal in 3 stations; in Keokuk, however, 
only about ^ of the quantity of the others was observed. The summer 
rains were heavier in St. Louis and Keokuk than in Cairo and Leaven- 
worth ; and the autumnal rains were neaarly equally distributed, with a 
little less at the northern station. In Cairo, the greatest quantity of 
rain fell in the winter and spring ; in St. Louis, in spring and summer ; 
in Leavenworth, in spring; and in Keokuk, in summer. 

The Diagram No. I exhibits the amount of rain observed in St. Louis 
in every year from 1839 to 1873. ^^ shows at a glance the years of drought 
(1842, 1843, 1853, i860, 1870, 1871, and 1872), and those of excessive 
rains (1847, 1848, and principally, 1858 and 1859). It is seen that in the 
year of our great flood, 1844, the local rains in St. Louis did not reach 
much above the average; the flood came from the confluents of the 
Missouri, especially the Kansas River. It is further seen, that the law 
of compensation is noticeable only in a longer series of years; we may 
pick out 2 to even 7 years in succession, above the average, or 2 to 4 
consecutive years below the average. It is true that the three years 
from 1870-72, and especially the year 187 1, were excessively dry, but 
to conclude from this observation, that our climate is undergoing an 
essential change, is very short-sighted and quite erroneous. Moreover, 
Mr. Schott's discussions, alluded to above, which embrace the observ- 
ations made for a much longer series of years, and over almost the whole 
of North America (Mexico excepted), give the positive assurance that 
at least for a century, the climate has not changed, or the amount of rain 
on an average diminished. 

Our summer rains mostly descend with great abundance and in a com- 
paratively short time, so that the average 13 inches of summer rain falls 
in 70 hours, distributed over 24 days, while the 7 inches of winter rain 
(and snow) descend in x6o hours and on 22 days. The days on which 
it rains vary between 68 and 115 in the year. On the average we have 
92 days in the year, on which it rains. Our rains last from a fraction of 
an hour to a few hours, and very rarely extend through the 24 hours. 

Snow is rather scarce in our climate, and rarely continually covers the 
ground for more than a few days or a week, but it has been known to fall 
about St. Louis as early as October 5, and as late as April 16. In some 
years it amounted, when melted, to 5^ inches, in others to only one 
half inch; the average is about 2^ inches. 

Our rivers rise generally between April and June, principally in con- 
sequence of the heaviness of our spring and summer rains, and much 
less from the thawing of snows in the north-western plains and moun- 
tains — to which, commonly, our floods are ascribed. The Mississippi at 
St. Louis rises sometimes not more than 20 or 25 feet, but occasionally 
(1844) as much as 42 feet, above low water-mark, while in the fall and 
winter months the rivers are quite low. 

The atmospherical pressure (indicated by the stage of the barometer) 
is with us in summer more uniform and regular than on the Atlantic coast, 
while in winter it fluctuates considerably, and often very rapidly. The 
average barometrical pressure is highest in January, falls till May, and 
gradually rises again till January ; it is most variable from November to 
March, and least so from June to August. 

The barometrical indications perfectly correspond with the winds; 



739 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

these are more moderate here in the interior than on the Atlantic coast, 
but winter storms from the West and Northwest are not rare, and extend 
over the whole country, traveling from the Rocky Mountains across the 
Mississii)pi Valley to the Atlantic coast in about two days. Daring the 
winter season, westerly winds prevail scarcely more than south-easterly 
ones, while during the warmer months, from May to October, south- 
easterly ones largely predominate over all others. 

Thunderstorms are frequent in spring, (on an average 14) and especi- 
ally in summer (20), principally from May to July ; they occur much 
rarer in autumn (7), and in winter (2). In the warmer seasons they are 
sometimes accompanied by short but violent tornadoes, which invariably, 
like most thunderstorms, come from the south-west, and sometimes do 
considerable damage. Violent hailstorms have prevailed in some 
seasons and some localities, while others have been rather free from their 
injurious visitations. 

The native vegetation which covers the surface of our State results 
from the climatological conditions above enumerated, and thus permits 
us to judge of and mark these conditions. In the south-eastern corner 
of the State, marked on the map as being blessed with the warmest tem- 
perature and the greatest moisture, we find the cypress and the cane in 
the predominating low grounds, and the Spanish oak, mixed with more 
northern oaks and hickories on the slopes. Besides corn and tobacco, 
cotton is a staple product of this district. West and north of this region 
we find the broad belt of timbered lands of the State, which sends its 
spurs up the river valleys. The characteristic trees in the wide river 
bottoms are, the cottonwood and the sycamore, the elm and black 
walnut, the pecan, the hackberry and the honey locust, with very {qw 
oaks. The smaller river and creek bottoms, and the slopes of their 
bluffs, are the favorite localities for the linden, the mulberry, the black 
birch, the buckeye, the silver maple, while on the fertile hills the sugar 
maple abounds, with the red oak and several species of hickory. The 
rolling uplands are characterized by numerous oaks, prominent among 
which are the white, post and black oaks, and the different hickories. 
Wheat, corn, hemp and tobacco are the staples of this district, dis- 
tributed according to the fertility of the soil. 

The only pine woods in the State (yellow pine, Firms fnitis), are found 
where the Silurian formation furnishes a sufficiency of silicious material ; 
they occupy a belt south of the Missouri River, extending in a south- 
western direction along the Ozark Hills. 

West and north-west of the timbered region spread the great prairies, 
covered with native grasses, interspersed with numerous flowering herbs, 
especially of the aster and sunflower tribes ; even here some timber is 
generally found in the valleys along the water courses, and sometimes on 
the ridges. They furnish excellent wheat and corn lands. 



THE LEAD DEPOSITS. 

By R. O. Thompson, M. E., St. Louis. 

Perhaps there is no country of equal area on the globe that possesses 
one-half the extent and variety in lead deposits that Missouri can justly 
-claim. The lead veins, lodes and disseminations of this State are not 
■confined to narrow, definite localities, nor do they occur at remote dis- 
tances from one another. 

The deposition of the lead ores did not occur at one time nor, indeed, 
in one geological epoch. The lithological character of the veinous mines, 
and the associate mineral contents of the same have been somewhat 
determined. The extent, dip and thickness of* the lead deposits have 
not been fully ascertained, though they have been developed sufficiently 
to show that their range is much more extensive than in any other of 
the lead-bearing regions of the world. 

We find galena in Missouri occurring in ferruginous clay that becomes 
jointed ; or separating in distinct masses, quite regular in form when 
taken out and partially dried. We also find lead in regular cubes in 
gravel beds or with cherty masses in the clays associated with the same. 
These cubes in some localities show the action of attrition, while in 
others they are entirely unworn. Throughout large districts lead is found in 
the carboniferous rocks, but perhaps the greater portion is obtained from 
the magnesian rocks of the Lower Silurian, and in one or two localities 
galena has been discovered in the rocks of the Azoic period. At Dugal's 
on the Tom Suck, in Reynolds County, lead is found in a disseminated 
■condition in the porphyry. 

One mile east of Annapolis in Iron County, lead is found in a compact, 
fine grained, dark brown sandstone in a regularly disseminated condi- 
tion. This deposition, however, must have been after the elevation of 
the azoic rock, as its strata rest upon or are lapped up against an exten- 
sive dyke of porphyry on the southeast. 

The great disseminated lead region of the State, so far as known, 
occupies about one-half of the northern portion of Madison and the 
same amount of land in St. Francois County. There is no mistaking 
the character of this galeniferous formation, or confounding it with that 
of any other yet discovered in Missouri. At Mine LaMotte, St. Joe, 
Mine a Jo and at the Fox Mines, as well as at the Captain Shaw lands, 
this grand dissemination has been clearly determined to exist as one belt 
and conforming to one system of sedimentary deposition. There are 
many localities between the points named where the members of the 



732 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MLSSOURL 

Lower Silurian rock have been elevated, presenting disseminated galena 
with the same unmistakable forms and associations. 

The topographical character of the disseminated belt is a succession 
of elevations, valleys, and in several localities, considerable hills or small 
mountains. The elevations in the region of the Fox Mines, 2 miles west 
of Fredericktown, present a dark reddish porphyry cropping out from 
their summits and scatterd along their sides. Further down, and near 
the bottom of the valleys, also in many places lapping the porphyrys are 
the second sandstone and third magnesian limestone. Over the greater 
part of the disseminated lead region indicated, the rocks will be found 
to carry the same lithological character as those already named, and 
over none of this region have we observed rocks of a later geological age 
than the Lower Silurian, but let it not be inferred that these formations 
are uniform throughout this district, for, at the Fox Mines the second 
sandstone is entirely wanting, its place being occupied by 12 feet of a 
hard, brownish, crystalline silico-magnesian limestone, in which are 
found the organic remains of Orthis, StraparoUus and other forms. That 
a clear and comprehensive idea of this formation and association may be 
had, we present the measurement of a shaft 50 feet deep, made from the 
bottom upward : First came 20 feet of hard, bluish-gray, silico-magne- 
sian limestone, in which was disseminated galena with sulphuret of 
nickel, cobalt, copper and sulphuret of iron; above this are 9 feet of 
hard, dark-brown, irregularly crystallized limestone with large masses of 
sulphuret of iron scattered through which are traces of nickel ; next 2 
feet of compact, hard, bluish-white magnesian limestone, containing 29 
per cent, of lead with many regular cubes of galena coated with cobalt 
occurring in little openings; then 12 feet of brownish-gray compact 
magnesian limestone ; then 7 feet of clay and alumina, in which are 
broken masses of sandstone, chert and limestone. 

\\\ the bottom of this shaft a drill was sunk through the 3d magnesian 
limestone which is of a uniform character. After boring 138 feet, the 
drill penetrated the 3d sandstone. 

There are several localities in this metalliferous belt where slates are 
found carrying the richest disseminations of lead yet discovered; in this 
the lines of deposition can be plainly traced. 

It is not difficult to determine the physical progress, active force and 
manner of the consolidation of these strata. The deposition of galena 
and silver in the porphyry at Dugal's Mine, in Reynolds County, presents 
all the characteristics of a sedimentary formation. The lead found here 
enters the magnesian limestone series, which covers a large portion of the 
porphyry hill, and contains silver sufficient to class it as argentiferous. 

The Azoic rocks in this region, when the great Silurian System began 
to be formed, were so many islands, their heads only elevated above the 
vast sedimentary sea. The bed upon which the limestones and sandstones 



THE LEAD DEPOSITS. 733 

were deposited, consisted of the weatherings of the Azoic rocks, which 
naturally sought the valleys and became a base for the sedimentary rock. 

This boundless sea held in solution lime, magnesia, alumina, manga- 
Jiese, lead, copper, cobalt, nickel, iron and other mineral substances. 
In this chemical condition gases were evolved and the work of forma- 
tion commenced. The two gases forming the great creative power and 
aiding solidification, were carbonic acid and sulphuretted hydrogen ; the 
former seeking its affinity in lime and forming limestone ; the sulphur in 
the latter naturally combining with the other metals, forming sulphates 
or sulphurets. The work of deposition and solidification being in 
Jharmony, it is easy to understand how these minerals exist in a dissemi- 
nated condition in these rocks. 

The slates that we find so rich in galena, presenting the myriad forms 
•of Lingula, must also have been formed in the Silurian Age. The distri- 
,bution among the magnesian limestones of these decomposing slates, can 
be most easily accounted for: The decomposed feldspar produced by 
ihe weathering of the porphyry, became in its change a silicate of 
alumina; and the sulphur combining with the lead, disseminated the same 
in the slate as readily as in the limestone. 

We have been thus explicit in describing this formation, because this 
lead dissemination is the only one known to exist, and is the source from 
which millions of pounds of lead annually reach our markets to be 
merged into various commercial forms. 

The region just described, and which is known as the Mine LaMotte 
district, was discovered about 1720 by LaMotte and Renault. It was 
not, however, until this territory was ceded to Spain, that any consider- 
able mining for lead was done in this part of Missouri, Mine a Breton, 
was discovered by M. Le Breton, and a general excitement ran through 
all the Spanish settlements of the territory. 

Moses Austin of Virgina secured from the Spanish Government a large 
grant of land near Potosi, and sunk the first regular shaft upon the lode of 
.mineral found going down in an opening in the magnesian limestone. 
After taking out large quantities of lead, he, in 1789, erected the first 
.reverberatory furnace for the reduction of lead ever built in America. 

In some portions of Ste. Genevieve, Jefferson and other south-eastern 
counties, lead has been found in the carboniferous rocks, but not in any 
considerable quantity. It is in the magnesian limestone only that paying 
quantities have been developed. In all the region named we find crys- 
tallyzed cubes of galena in the " tallow clay" occurring as "float "; and 
usually in the immediate vicinity, the openings in the second and third 
jnagnesian limestone are filled with cubes of galena, clay, sulphate of 
baryta, calc spar, sulphuret of zinc or black jack, and the silicate of 
iinc. The minerals named usually occur as a gangue for the lead, and 
the baryta and sulphuret of zinc in amorphous forms. The vertical posi- 



3fj4 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

tion of the mineral in these fissures or openings, often "pinches" up, 
and the mineral is lost, but the " fault " is soon run, the lode again found, 
and the lead struck with the same gangue as before. In Franklin County, 
and also in Washington and Jefferson, galena is found in ferruginous clay 
and coarse gravel, often associated with small masses of brown hematite 
iron and the sulphuret of iron. Sometimes the openings in the lime- 
stone do not present well defined walls, the lead and other substances; 
lying in small cavities or pockets. The most noted of the Franklin 
County mines are the Virginia, Mt. Hope, Golconda, Evans, Skewes, 
Elliott, Darby, Patton, Massey, Berthold, Gravelly, Enloe and Hamilton. 
The first mentioned has produced by far the greater portion of lead from, 
this section. 

A New York company purchased the Virginia mines in 1873, ^"^^ 
made extensive preparations for work, erecting a large furnace and iron 
warehouse before any ore was raised. But little judgment was used in 
sinking for the lead, and the results have not been at all satisfactory^ 
When this and the other mines were abandoned years ago, water was, in 
almost every instance, the cause. . The richer and more extensive depos* 
its probably lie beneath the lowest shafts sunk. 

Passing into Jefferson and Washington Counties, the geological for- 
mation does not differ materially from that of the lead region in Franklin, 
although the associations are in some instances quite different. At the 
"Webster Mines the silicate and carbonate of zinc are found always 
Accompanying the lead. At the Valle Mines, silicate of zinc and 
baryta occur as well as hematite iron ore. The great Mammoth Mine 
was a succession of caves, in which millions of pounds of lead were 
found adhering to the sides and roof, and on the bottom with clay and 
baryta. The Sandy, Tarpley, Edging, Yankee, Miller and many other 
diggings are well known, though now producing but little lead. 

The Frumet or Sinstein Mines are the most productive that have ever 
been opened in Jefferson County, and are now producing 107 pigs of 
lead a day, also large quantities of zinc ore. The Jenner's tract with 
mine of the same name is near by, and is thought to be as extensive and 
rich in ore as the former. The mines belonging to Dr. Dyer have 
attracted considerable attention from the richness of the ore and the 
presence of silver in the same. The Darby Diggings, on the Benton 
claim, are valuable mines, but the galena is so mixed with baryta that 
crushing and separating is necessary to secure the lead in a condition for 
reduction. 

In Washington, lead-mining has been carried on for a greater length 
of time uninterruptedly, and more acres of land have been dug over that 
have produced lead than in any other county in the State. The galena has 
been usually found in the gravel and clay overlying the magnesian 
rocks, and in a few instances assumes a lode form in fissures of the same. 



THE LEAD DEPOSITS. 735 

At the mines of the Memphis Lead Company, south-east of Potosi, are 
found small cubes of lead disseminated through a hard geodic limestone, 
in which sulphate of baryta and silicate of zinc are in association. At 
Mine a Reed the lead follows a well-defined fissure in the second magne- 
sian limestone, occurring in flattened masses or depressed cubes with 
laminar structure ; but all resting upon their edges in the fissure. 
These, with the Harris and one or two others, are mines of recent dis- 
covery. Old Mines, Cannon, Scott, Bellefontaine, Austin, Burts, 
Layton, Cook, Elliott, Shore, Old Ditch, Turkey Hill, Richwoods and 
more than a hundred other mines are too well known to need here 
any detailed history. The lead production of this county is not nearly 
as large as it was between the years 1841 and 1854, but in some local- 
ities renewed energy is supplanting that lethargy which has held the 
lead-mining people of this rich galeniferous region in almost complete 
inactivity. 

In St. Frangois County, lead deposits which bear no relation to the 
grand system of dissemination at the St. Joe Mines, Capt. Shaw's Mines, 
Mine a Jo, etc., are found in the ferruginous clay and gravel, but these clay 
diggings, with but two or three exceptions, are not now worked to any 
great extent, though they have produced many millions of pounds in past 
years. 

Over portions of Madison County considerable lead is found in the 
clay ; but is not profitable working when compared with the richness and 
quantity of the celebrated Mine LaMotte region in the same county. 
Several localities in Iron County show a good prospect for lead. 
In Wayne, Carter, Reynolds and Crawford lead has been found, and in 
the eastern portion of the last named county considerable was mined a 
few years ago. Wherever it has been found in Wayne County it is 
invariably associated with the carbonates of copper and heavy spar, and 
lies in the magnesian limestone or in the drift above those rocks ; there 
is evidence of extensive deposits here. In Carter County, near Brushy 
Creek and some of the tributaries of Current River, the writer has seen 
several small exposures of galena, but no developments have yet been made. 
In Reynolds lead is found, as before stated, in porphyry and limestone, 
and in one or two localities, in the clay and cherty mass overlying the 
limestone. 

Ste. Genevieve County has a deposit of lead known as the Avon Mines 
on Mineral Fork, where mining and smelting has been prosecuted for many 
years. In this vicinity lead has also been found as "float" in several 
places. At the Avon Mines the mineral in the second sandstone, which 
rests here upon the third magnesian limestone, is scattered or dissem- 
inated through the same in almost horizontal strata. With the one, 
hematite iron ore and yellow ochre are found as well as in other portions 
of the sandstone in which the lead does not exist. Perry County 



736 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

presents many localities where lead has be^n mined : Rozier, Horn's 
and Valle's may be mentioned, but there are no considerable deposits 
now known there. The lead has invariably been found in the clay 
openings of the third magnesian limestone. 

Lead exists in the small streams in several places in the western parts 
of Cape Girardeau County. 

In the twelve counties named, we may safely estimate that 2,000 square 
miles are underlaid with lead, upon which territory can be found almost 
anywhere, either in the clay, gravel openings, or in a diseminated con- 
dition. The lead production of this portion of the State, though on the 
increase, is not one-tenth what it would be could capital and skilled labor 
be made to understand its galeniferous wealth. 

What has been termed the central lead district of the State comprises 
the counties of Cole, Cooper, Moniteau, Morgan, Miller, Benton, Maries, 
Camden and Osage, and here again a marked difference is observed in 
formation and association. 

The galena is first discovered in isolated cubes scattered through a 
joint or tallow clay of a yellowish color. Where there has been no 
disturbance of the strata a silico crystalline magnesian limestone, 
answering to the second magnesian limestone of Swallow, is found 
immediately beneath the clay holding the masses of galena. In one or 
two localities the third magnesian limestone approaches very near the 
surface. Along the Moreau the exposures of the magnesian or calciferous 
sandrock series are more favorably presented for identification. Crossing 
from Brazito to Centertown, a ridge with outcroppings of the second 
sandstone is traceable for miles ; in many places overlaid with cotton 
rock. In two localities the cotton rock or first magnesian limestone has 
been found to carry galena in paying quantities. At the Pioneer Mines, 
known as the Scott Mines, as well as at Barber's and a dozen other places 
in the vicinity, galena occurs in the clay but a few inches below the surface. 
Large masses of lead in crystallized cubes are found in the clay at a depth of 
from 6 to 8 feet, when masses of broken cotton rock, sandstone, chert, 
and conglomerate were met with, and galena in sheets from 2 to 8 inches 
thick sandwiched between the masses, associated with sulphate of baryta 
and tallow clay. There is no regularity to the clip, inclination or associa- 
tion, until the regular beds of second magnesian limestone are reached. 
Here the galena passes into large openings in the rock, and becomes 
disseminated in the edges of the walls as well as completely mixed with 
the baryta. 

In Cole County the lead is uniformly met with in the joint clays, 
cherty conglomerate, finally assuming the vein and lode form in the 
magnesian limestone series. In this region lead is more uniformly 
found where surface exposures are met with, than in any other part of the 
State. In two shafts that have been sunk nearly 100 feet in the rock, the 



THE LEAD DEPOSITS. 737 

third magnesian limestone has been struck ; and in it, the richer deposits 
of lead. Near Locust Mound, in the western part of the county, lead is 
found in magnesian limestone passing down between well defined walls, 
and held by a gangue of baryta, calc spar and brown hematite iron in 
the form of "pipe ore." It is a most singular and interesting formation 
and association. The galena and baryta are formed into round bale-like 
masses, with the pieces of pipe iron stuck through them in all directions. 
The " Old Circle," 3 or 4 miles distant, was discovered several years ago, 
and more than 3,000,000 pounds of lead mined ; but the water came in, 
the war began and operations ceased. In the same locality a number of 
•other shafts were sunk and worked for a time profitably, but all or nearly 
all were abandoned on account of the water. For the past three years, 
the lead development of Cole County has been more to the north-western 
•corner, passing into Moniteau and Cooper Counties. In the former, 
several valuable mines have been opened. The West Diggings have been 
extensively developed and proved rich. The mineral is found in con- 
nected cubes in limestone rock containing a large percentage of magnesia. 
It lies in lodes and pockets in the openings, filled up with a dark red 
■clay. This lead seems to have been slightly oxydized upon the outside 
-of the masses of cubes, and sand sprinkled upon it, while in a condition 
to fasten the particles of silex firmly upon it ; thereby presenting a 
rough appearance, but yielding a large per cent, of lead. In Cooper 
County, lead has been found in several places, but not in any very con- 
siderable quantity. Near Otterville there have been two leads, probably 
paying ones, opened. In Osage, lead has been found in five places ; but 
none of these deposits are worked at present. Maries County has pro- 
duced but little lead ; though the Carter & Hunsucker Mines, 7 miles 
south of Shiler's Ferry, have yielded considerable galena of excellent 
• quality. The lead was discovered in a horizontal lode running along the 
: surface of the ground, and resting in an opening in the second magnesian 
-limestone. Lead has been found 13 miles west of Vienna, but associated 
Tvith sulphuret of iron, and so impure as to be almost worthless for 
.reduction. Many new discoveries were made during the winter of 1873, 
;none of which have been fully developed. 

Camden possesses considerable deposits of lead, and in the vicinity of 
Linn Creek a number of mines have been successfully worked, and new 
developments are yielding large quantities of mineral. Lead has also 
-been found in many localities along the Little and Big Niangua, and as 
the entire northern portion of the county is underlaid with the magne- 
.sian limestone formation, it may be discovered in many places where its 
existence has never been suspected. Miller County is particularly rich 
in galeniferous ore. The whole county is underlaid with the 3d mag- 
nesian limestone, as can be plainly seen along the Osage River and the 
<Jravois and Saline Creeks. Lead is often met with in the loose cherty 



738 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS O URL 

mass covering the surface, and in the tough, impervious clay, also im 
veins, lodes and pockets, or isolated masses in the limestone. Paying lead 
has been found north of the Osage River in Miller County. On the Gra- 
vois. Big and Little Saline and Bush Creeks, rich lead deposits have been 
opened. The Fox, Walker, Mt. Pleasant and Saline Diggings have 
yielded millions of pounds of lead in the past 4 years ; the mines now 
worked in the county are paying well. 

Benton County contains a number of lead deposits, the most impor- 
tant being the Cole Cany Mines. There are 2 or 3 well-defined small 
vertical veins observable in the 2d magnesian limestone. Lead has been 
found as a " float " in many localities. The lead mines of Benton are 
now unworked. 

Morgan County, like Washington, can boast of having lead in every 
township, either as "clay mineral," "float" or in veins, lodes, pockets 
and caves. The magnesian limestone series of Morgan, in which the 
lead ores now are or have all existed, are the most complete and well 
defined of any in Missouri. The ist magnesian saccharoidal, 2d mag- 
nesian, 2d sandstone, 3d magnesian limestone, 3d sandstone, and 4th 
magnesian limestone have all been exposed. From the association that 
we have met with in this county, there is no question but lead or galena 
will be found in all the magnesian rocks of the series, and the most 
extensive deposits thus far developed have been found in the 2d and 3d 
magnesian limestone. The most extensive deposits of lead in Morgan 
have been found south of the center of the county, yet in the north-west- 
ern part are several well known lodes that could be worked at a large 
profit. On Lake Creek are 2 lodes opening up in the bottom of the creek, 
that have not been worked on account of the water. On the Swickerath 
Farm there are over a dozen places where lead has been mined with profit. 
The Bond Mines, O'Brien's and a number of others have been worked a 
long time. The first of these is situated on a small tributary of the 
Gravois about 2^ miles from the Osage. Mineral was first found here 
in the clay and among the loose chert and conglomerate covering the 
surface. Going down to the 2d magnesian limestone, openings or crevi- 
ces were found filled with clay baryta and lead in irregularly formed 
cubes or masses. These lodes are quite regular, and give more and 
richer ore as they are followed down into the 3d magnesian limestone. 
There seems to be a region here, representing more than a thousand acres 
where lead is everywhere found by digging a few feet. The Lidian 
Creek Mines have yielded considerable lead, usually found in veins or 
lodes, withcalc spar asagangue. On the head waters of the Big Gravois 
a large number of rich paying mines have been opened, among them the 
Coffin Spring Mines, Ferguson, Buffalo and New Granby. South and 
east of these are the Gray Horse Diggings, Brushy, O'Brien and New 
Joplin Mines, all lying a little west of the Main Gravois and Hume's Mill^ 



THE LEAD DEPOSITS. 739. 

while on the East Fork of the Gravois and a very little east of Versailles 
are the rich and profitable African Diggings, Gum Spring, Moorland and 
Wyan Spring Mines, besides several others belonging to the Granby 
Company. The Kelley Mines, Gabrielle Diggings, Doffe and Rock Ford 
Mines and hundreds of others have been and are being successfully 
worked. A region covering 12 by 18 miles in Morgan County seems to 
be almost entirely underlaid with lead. Upon Buffalo, Gravois and Haw 
Creeks are numerous well-defined veins occurring in the 2d and 3d mag- 
nesian limestone. These veins were discovered by finding disconnected 
masses of galena in the clay and cherty mass above. The lead deposits 
of this county, like others in the district, are but little developed, and 
when deeper mining is done the region will be found much richer than is 
now anticipated. 

The southern lead region of the State comprises the counties of Pulaski, 
Laclede, Texas, Wright, Webster, Douglas, Ozark and Christian. The 
mineral deposits of this region may be said to be almost wholly undevel- 
oped, very little practical mining having been done. The galeniferous 
deposits remain almost untouched, save a limited development of the 
surface ores, and in one or two instances where, by deeper mining, the 
mineral has been reached in the rock formation. The lead -bearing por- 
tion of this region lies wholly in the Ozark Mountain range. The rock 
formation is entirely magnesian in character, with one or two exceptions, 
where the Azoic rocks have been elevated close to the surface. 

In Pulaski County lead has been discovered in several localities. 
Laclede County has a number of lead deposits, one or two of which could 
be worked profitably, but the lack of capital has prevented any satisfactory 
development. About 11 miles from Lebanon, the county seat, a lead 
deposit is now being worked, where the ore is found in a disseminated 
condition in the soft magnesian limestone. 

In the south-western portion of Texas County, along the head waters 
of the Gasconade River, considerable deposits of lead are known ta 
exist. Several mines have been partially opened, but whenever the 
rock was reached, the parties mining not having the capital to proceed, 
invariably abandoned the prospect and looked for another surface deposit. 
Wright has a number of lead mines almost unworked, which are located 
ifi the south-eastern portion of the county, and are a continuation of the 
deposits in Texas County. Considerable work has been done in some 
shafts, and a deposit of lead has been found in a cave from which several 
thousand pounds have been taken, the lode being followed down in a 
shaft inside the cave. The lead carries, as a gangue, calc spar, sulphuret 
of zinc and sulphuret of baryta. Further operations have been stopped 
by want of capital. 

In Douglas County, near the eastern line, and near Swan Creek, are 
considerable deposits of galena which are entirely unworked. 



740 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Ozark County has a number of lead deposits almost entirely undevel- 
oped. On the Little Fork of White River, near the northern portion of 
the county, are several localities quite rich in lead. A little south of 
Gainesville, on a tributary of White River, very rich lead deposits are 
known to exist. In all these mines, or wherever lead is found zinc 
almost invariably accompanies the same. 

In Christian County, T. 26 N., R. 19 W., and T. 27, same range, is 
a large lead-bearing section. Over both these townships lead can be 
picked up in many places, where denuding agencies have uncovered it. 
Much of the region above described is quite distant from any means of 
transportation, a fact which has, to some extent, retarded the develop- 
ment of the deposits. 

The western lead district comprises Hickory, Dallas, Polk, St. Clair, 
Cedar and Dade Counties. 

In Hickory County quite extensive mining has been carried on for two 
or three years, the largest deposits having been found near Hermitage. 
In the northern portion of the county, and along the Pomme de Terre 
River, lead occurs as "float" and in the rock formation. In two or 
three places the lead is found to fill openings in the Archimedes lime- 
stone. All the more prominent lodes, however, are found in the second 
magnesian limestone, with a deposit occurring in the third. The lead 
deposits of Hickory County are richer than any other in this district, and 
are also more fully developed. 

Dallas County has a few deposits of lead, but no developments have 
(been made sufficient to determine their extent. 

Float lead has been found in various localities in Polk County. 

In St. Clair County the galeniferous deposits are in the second sand- 
stone and in the ferruginous clay with chert, conglomerate and gravel. 

Cedar County presents a deposit of lead, copper and antimony in a 
closely defined vein in the lower carboniferous limestone that lies below 
the coal of that region. Galena is found in the clay and gravel, but no 
mines are being worked in the county. 

In Dade a considerable quantity of galena has been found in the 
south-eastern corner of the county, but the old prospects are entirely 
un worked. 

The south-west lead district of Missouri comprises the counties of 
Jasper, Newton, Lawrence, Stone, Barry and McDonald. The two 
counties first named, in 1873 produced more than one-half of the pig 
lead of Missouri, and may well be proud of their immense deposits of 
galeniferous wealth. 

The geology of the lead-bearing portions of Jasper and Newton 
Counties shows unmistakably a later formation than that of any other 
-portion described. Over a country of more than 25 miles from east to 
west, by 30 miles from north to south, are the exposures of the Archi- 



THE LEAD DEPOSITS. 741 

medes limestone, the mounds and elevations being capped with ferru- 
ginous sandstone, which in some localities becomes almost micaceous in 
character, though it does not entirely lose its character of deposi- 
tion. At Twin Groves, Pilot Grove, Diamond Grove, near Smithfield, 
and in many other localities this sandstone may be seen in a weathered 
condition upon the elevations ; and southward from these points sand- 
stone rock is sometimes exposed, though the Archimedes limestone is 
more generally presented. Nearly all the lead deposits of the region are 
followed from their cherty or clay beds, down into the sub-carboniferous 
rock. The exposures met with in a number of shafts, drifts, wells and 
cuts, of this Archimedes limestone, show variableness of character, but 
there are enough organic remains to determine its character. 

At Leadville the Archimedes limestone comes to the surface as 
immense beds of chert or flint, and in this limestone are geodic masses 
set with beautiful crystals of calc spar ; and in one instance filled with 
crystallized quartz. In others were small modified cubes of galena and 
crystallized sulphuret of zinc. 

At Mr. Snapp's, 2 miles south, a well sunk 18 feet through this lime- 
stone shows thin strata of bituminous shale. At Grove Creek and many 
other mining localities this brown or blue shale is met with in great 
abundance, and with it coal of a poor character, and bitumen in small 
nodules, are found. 

The thickness of the Archimedes limestone, which is here nearly- 
filled with organic remains, is very variable over this entire district. Its 
greatest thickness is about 2.00 feet, and its thinnest beds are not more 
than 28 feet. In more than 150 shafts examined, galena, sulphuret of 
zinc, calamine, calcite, sulphuret of iron, sulphate of baryta, sulphate 
of iron and carbonate of lead and magnesia were observed, all com- 
bined or differently associated in each. 

Over the whole region — bottom-lands, prairies and timbered lands, — 
galena is met with in the clay, in loose cherty beds, or exposed by the 
action of water in ravines and in the beds of the streams. To account 
for the presence of lead in the clay and debris is not a difficult matter. 
The rock formation that once held the lead has disintegrated and become 
a portion of the soil, setting free the lead, which from its specific gravity 
sunk deep into the plastic clay. 

At Minersville there are some very peculiar formations. The lead is 
found in masses of various sizes before reaching the rock formation, but 
in small quantities compared with other localities. Over quite an extent 
of territory, whenever the Archimedes limestone is reached, lead is 
found, usually in openings as well as in regular lodes in this rock. In 
many cases there is no clay in association with the lead which is closely 
surrounded with the wall rock. In a shaft nearly due north of the fur 
naces is a most remarkable lode, which for nearly 50 feet in the solid 



742 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

limestone has gone down solidly filled with cubes of galena and sulphu- 
ret of zinc, some of which masses present such a variation that we 
denominate them elongated lamellar, distorted cubes ; the front face is 
more evenly modified, while the posterior portions are warped into 
irregular bands. Portions of these masses show beautifully associated 
prismatic colors, always more brilliant where the bands are most distorted 
or the cubes most modified. Many of the cubes from 3 to 4 inches 
square, have small modified cubes half sunk into and almost covering one 
•of their sides. These little attached cubes are most brilliantly polished,|the 
face of the main cube presenting an indented appearance, and all is 
formed as evenly as the finest mosaic work. Many of these cubes are 
as evenly coated with sulphuret of zinc, as if done with the hand of an 
artist. In some instances this coated surface is finely dotted with little 
crystals of the silicate of zinc, others are evenly covered with angular 
particles of silex. Large crystals of the sulphuret of zinc are found 
attached to much of the lead, or occurring in the same lode, of a 
beautiful orange green color, at whose bases a great number of smaller 
ones are piled in a very regular manner ; the upper point presenting a 
h*lf formed pyramid, and each point exposed by the receding of the 
outer one toward the base, the points and facets of all being polished 
as bright as the finest steel. These remarkable crystalline forms are 
often resting on cubes of lead ; and again small modified lead cubes are 
thickly attached to the base of the zinc crystals or half way up their 
sides. These mineral masses go down in the lode very regularly, the 
rock holding all tightly, and no other mineral showing itself. From 
this and other shafts of similar and various characters, millions of tons of 
lead have been mined, and the prospect of permanency is more assured 
now than 10 years ago. 

A little south-west of Minersville, there are a number of shafts that 
show remarkable forms of crystallization and decomposition ; from 4 
to 6 feet below the surface, a loose cherty mass of rock is found, in which 
are masses of partially oxidized lead associated with green carbonate of 
copper and little drops or nodules of asphaltum. Regular cube spaces 
are found where the sulphuret of lead has been changed to an oxide, and 
can be taken out in the form of white lead. The largest body of lead 
ever found in one solid, unbroken mass, the weight being over 7 tons, 
was taken out during 1873 ^^ this point. Over this entire region, cover- 
ing more than 3 square miles, there are unmistakable indications of lead 
deposits. 

The Leadville diggings west of Minersville occupy about 4 square 
miles ; Davis & Murphy and the Granby Co. are the principal operators. 
Thompson & McConnell have several tracts of valuable lead lands in the 
vicinity, which are soon to be developed. 

At the Horse Shoe diggings, in this vicinity, 6 or 7 feet of lead hav« 



THE LEAD DEPOSITS. 743 

been found beneath the cap rock. All along the ravines and creeks and 
out on the rolling prairie lead is found almost everywhere. A shaft now 
94 feet is being sunk, to reach a second deposit believed to exist beneath 
the one extensively worked. 

The celebrated Stephens diggings are located on a creek 2^ miles s. w. 
Moffat & Sargeant are the principal operators, though Davis & Murphy 
and others are engaged in mining here. In several shallow shafts lead 
was found over quite an extent of country. 

On the Walkinshaw land occurs a remarkable deposit of lead. It is 
neither a vein nor a lode, but rather a vast underground chamber filled 
with very fine galena associated with which were chert, clay and black 
jack. At Lone Elm large quantities of lead have been raised, and the 
greater the depth reached the better the prospects, though at these mines, 
as well as at Leadville, water comes in rapidly. From here to Joplin, 
lead has been found in almost every instance where a ten foot shaft has 
been sunk. 

The Joplin mines proper are located on the Moon Range, which is 
about 1,400 feet long, and runs west down to Joplin Creek. Large 
quantities of lead have been mined here at a depth of from 30 to 68 
feet, the deposits occurring in vaults that seem to connect with one 
another under the entire range. 

The main Joplin valley is also the main mining district of the region. 
These lands occupy the Joplin valley, and lie across Joplin Creek. 
Over these lands, at from 4 to 60 feet, lead has been found in immense 
quantities. A number of companies are working these lands, and 
millions of pounds of lead are mined monthly. Connecting East Joplin 
and West Joplin, and adjoining the Moon Range, are 120 acres, called 
the Porter lands, and on a portion of this are the well known Swindle 
diggings. The mineral is found associated with zinc blende in large 
quantities, and occurs in two well defined lodes or veins \ one above the 
other below a cap rock of Archimedes limestone. Several fortunes have 
been made from the development of these lands, and still at the lower 
depths reached rich returns await and reward the miner. 

The 220 acre Pitcher tract, and some 1,400 acres owned by other 
parties higher up on Joplin Creek, are thought to contain mineral in 
paying quantities. The Jasper Mining Co., Hutton & Harlan, and 
Workizer & Temple are working these lands with varied success. 

The Paxton lands represent 160 acres running up to the northern por- 
tion of West Joplin, and the Lone Elm lands lie along it on the north. 
The same mineral formation that exists at the latter mine is found on this 
tract. 

South of these lands are located the Byre and Murphy lands or dig- 
gings, comprising 1 20 acres, and lead has been found on every shaft 
sunk. But here the presence of an immense volume of water almost 



744 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

discourages the attempt at anything but surface mining. Lead has been 
found in several shafts at the Taylor diggings 2^ miles east of Joplin. 
At the Thurman Mines 4 miles south-east of Joplin, the lead is found in 
clay openings, and has, in times past, been mined with profit. The 
Cornwall Mines, including the Cotton Hill, Clay, Corn, College, 
Sandstone and other diggings ; Mundic, Dry Bone and Potter, in sand- 
stone peculiar to the locality, were opened by Corn & Thompson, 
and in all of them paying lead has been found. Grove Creek 
Mines, 8 miles east of Joplin, are producing many thousand pounds of 
mineral weekly. The mining is yet quite shallow, and in no instance 
has a shaft been sunk through the cap rock of Archimedes limestone to 
determine the extent of the deposits. The silicate and sulphuret of 
zinc are associated with ore mined, and in several of the shafts the pres- 
ence of lead in a disseminated condition is apparent. 

The Cedar Creek Mines are producing some lead, but will pay the 
miner better when worked for the silicate of zinc which they contain. 
There are also lead mines on Shoal and Short Creeks, besides the old 
Mosely Mines and many others that have been worked with varied 
success. 

There is an extensive region rich in lead and zinc, lying between 
Turkey and Center Creeks, that is attracting attention, as rich strikes are 
being made, and the deposits have the character of permanency. 

The mines of Granby have been so well known for years, that they 
will not need a description. The Granby Co. own and control about 
3,600 acres of land in and about Granby in Newton County. The 
greater mining operations are located on section six. The mineral is a 
sulphuret of lead and silicate of zinc, but there is also here the largest 
deposit of carbonate of lead to be found in the country, and furnaces for 
the reduction of such ore are running at Granby. 

In the many years that have passed millions of pounds of lead were 
taken from these lands, and at this time, under the management of the 
Hon. H. T. Blow, the Granby Co. is more successful in mining from the 
same grounds, than at any time in its history. The other counties named 
in this district have produced but little lead. As elsewhere over the 
magnesian lead-bearing portion of the State, galena has been found as 
** float" and followed to clay openings in the rock formation. The 
counties of Ozark, Douglas and McDonald will be found to contain exten- 
sive deposits of lead. 

The figures showing the pig lead production of Missouri for 1872 and 
1873, will be of the utmost importance to establish Missouri as the great 
lead-bearing territory of the United States. 

The production for 1872 was as follows: Jasper County, 6,000,000 
lbs.; Newton County, 3,300,000 lbs.; Mine LaMotte, 3,200,000 lbs.; St. 
Joe, 2,400,000 lbs.; Central Missouri Mines, 1,360,000 lbs,; Washington 



THE LEAD DEPOSITS. 745 

County and other portions of the State not enumerated above, 4,000,000 
lbs.; total for 1872, 20,320,000 lbs. These figures are rather under than 
over the amounts, as we have used only round numbers of thousands, while 
many districts exceed the sum named. 

A careful review of the mining operations in the State,— using exact 
figures where obtainable, and carefully considered estimates where 
figures were refused, (which was the case with some large operators ) 
shows a total product for 1873 of about 25,000,000 pounds of lead for 
Missouri. Much of this increase is due to the extended mining oper- 
ations in Central and the increased yield of lead in Sfrtb-western 
Missouri. 



THE IRON DEPOSITS. 

By R, O. Thompson, M. E., St. Louis. 

In the mining, shipping, smelting and manufacturing of the ores of iron 
in our State, there is perhaps more capital invested and more labor em- 
ployed, than any other one metal industry, if not more than all others 

The iron ores of Missouri are red hematite, red oxide, specular, brown 
hematite or limonite, hydrous oxide, oxidulous or magnetic, and spathic 
or carbonate of iron. Besides these, there are found almost every other 
character and condition of iron formation known, but they cannot be 
made useful in the production of iron, and will not here be described 
The specular ores, magnetic, manganiferous and silicious specular oxide 
ores, are found in the lower Silurian rocks, in the porphyries of the Pal- 
aeozoic age, in the granites, and in the boulder, drift and clays of a very 
late period. Any lengthy theorizing in regard to the various iron forma- 
tions, will not be indulged in. 

Where the ore occurs in veins or lodes in the older rocks, it was 
deposited ther« by igneous action and force, in the manner of an injec- 
tion. It was forced into the rents and openings in a fluid form and there 
crystallized. There are other localities where the formation was made 
by steam carrying the gaseous matter to its present beds, where it slowly 
solidified. ' 

The silicious specular oxide of Pilot Knob, Cedar Mountain, and one 
other deposit, in and below regular porphyry dykes, lying in beds or strata, 
must have been deposited by a system of replacement. There is every 



746 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

convincing evidence that some chemical agency was at work and destroyed 
the porphyry in a very gradual manner, and the space the porphyritic 
slates occupied, became filled with iron. There is every proof that these 
iron formations are greatly modified and lithologically characterized by 
the rock formation in which, or with which, they are formed. 

The limonite ore deposits of the State occur in the second sandstone, 
on the second magnesian limestone, third magnesian limestone, in the 
shales of the Silurian period, and in the lower carboniferous rocks. 

They were formed by the action of water, infiltration and segrega- 
tion. A portion are in their regular beds, others have been moved by 
denuding forces, while others still, have been so associated with ele- 
ments of change that they are highly hydrated. 

The red hematites are found in the carboniferous rocks, subcarboni- 
ferous, and in strata or beds in clay and chert. They were deposited in 
the beds in which they are found, and have often been infiltrated into 
the sandstones that present such marked ferruginous characters. 

Spathic iron ores of the State are found in beds of limonite and hema- 
tite and with specular ores ; but these ores are generally found in the 
banks of the west and central portion of the State. The carbonates 
or spathic ores are usually found in disturbed banks, with many asso- 
ciations of broken masses of chert, lime and sandstone, baryta, iron 
pyrites and calc spar, which clearly establishes their deposition, or 
formation, or metamorphism to have taken place after the general dis- 
turbance of the bed or deposit. 

Speculation, however, has little to do with determining the extent, 
value and utilization of our iron deposits. While many in Missouri have 
been speculating upon formation and association, Michigan, Pennsyl- 
vania, Ohio, Tennessee, and other States have been developing, mining, 
smelting and manufacturing. 

Iron Mountain is the greatest exposure oi specular iron ye., discovered. 
It is the result of igneous action, and is the purest mass or body of ore 
known. The work of years has only just uncovered the massive 
columns of specular ore that seems to pass down through the porphyry 
and granites, to the source of its existence. The region about, so 
covered with the ore debris, is being cleaned up, and the specular ore 
chips that are being shipped by thousands of tons, will last many years 
longer. The broken masses have the same general color and quality as 
the vein ore of Iron Mountain. The fresh fracture presents a light gray, 
tinged distinctly with blue. The crystallization is often coarse, presenting 
an irregular fracture. All the ore is more or less magnetic ; the streak 
is a bright cherry red, and possesses the hardness of 6. Analysis shows 
It to contain from 65 to 69 per cent, of metallic iron. 

The ore of Shepherd Mountain is called a magnetite. In some por- 
tions of the veins, it shows itself to be granular, brown in color, and to 



THE IRON DEPOSITS. 747 

have a clear oiack streak. Other portions present all the qualities of 
a specular ore. In portions of the specular, as well as magnetite, beauti- 
ful crystals of micaceous ore are found. The streak of the specular and 
micaceous is a dark red ; the hardness about 5, with 64 to 67 per cent, 
of metallic iron. The magnetic qualities of this ore are quite variable, 
usually the strongest at or near the surface, but this is not the case in all 
the veins. The ore of Shepherd Mountain is superior to any yet devel- 
oped in Missouri, not quite as rich as that of Iron Mountain, but so 
uniform in character, and devoid of sulphur and phosphoric acid, that it 
may be classed as superior to that, or any other ore that we have. 

The ore of Pilot Knob is fine grained, very light bluish gray in color, 
and with a hardness representing 6, with a luster sub-metallic. There 
is a most undoubted stratification to the deposition, occurring as before 
indicated. The ore of Pilot Knob gives 53 to 60 per cent, metallic iron, 
and is almost free from all deleterious substances. The ore below the 
slate seam is much tke best, and should all be mined and kept separate, 
as it does not contain more than 5 to 12 per cent, of silica, while the 
poorer ores show sometimes as high as 40 per cent. There have been more 
than 200,000 surface feet of ore determined to exist here 3 the depth of 
the deposit has probably not yet been reached. 

The Scotia Iron Banks are most remarkable formations. They are 
located on the Maramec River, in Crawford County, and have been 
worked a number of years, supplying the Scotia Iron Works with ore and 
also shipping quantities to the East. Here the specular ore is a deep, 
steel-gray color, and with a metallic luster. The crystals are fine and 
quite regular in uniformity. This ore is found in the shape of small to 
immense boulders, resting in soft red hematites, that have been produced 
by the disintegration of the specular ores. These boulders contain a 
^reat number of small cavities in which the ore has assumed botryoidal 
forms; and upon these, peroxide iron crystallizations are so formed, that 
a most gorgeous show of prismatic colors is presented. The hardness 
of this ore is about 6 ; the soft red ore in which it occurs not more 
than 2^. 

In these banks, there are some carbonates and ochraceous ores, but not 
in any quantity to deteriorate or materially change the character of the 
other ores. Many of the boulders present a soft, red mass with a blue 
specular kernel in the center. This ore is found to be slightly magnetic, 
and gives 58 to 69 per cent, metallic iron. 

The Iron Ridge ores are very much of the same character as those of 
Scotia, specular boulders imbedded in soft, red hematite make up the 
deposit. Some portions of the specular ore masses are remarkably metallic 
in luster, while others are a dull, dark, grayish red. In this ore, the most 
complete and convincing evidences are at hand to substantiate the theory 



'748 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

of these red hematites being changed ores from the speculars. In many 
cases a portion of the boulders will show little cavities filled or lined with 
red ore; and upon either sides, faint lines running out into the specular 
mass, presenting the first change to a red hematite. In the boulders are 
frequently cavities filled with masses of crystallized quartz, sometime 
presenting very fair amethysts. 

Some of the ores are soft oxides mixed with white and yellow clays. 
In the same mass we have seen carbonate of iron in process of formation, 
and in large crystals fully formed. It seems very probable that carbonic 
acid has here combined with the protoxide of iron, after the specular 
ore became changed, and by the combination the carbonate of iron is 
formed. These mines are near the line of the A. & P. R. R., in Crawford 
County, and afford thousands of tons weekly, as freight to that road. 
The ores from Iron Ridge that occur as boulders, are very uniform in 
character, showing about 60 per cent, of metallic iron. 

These two deposits have been worked a number of years, and their 
quality and permanency fully established. These banks have been very 
perceptibly disturbed, the masses of specular ore being much broken 
up and disintegrated. The rock formation is a hard sandstone, with 
portions seemingly softened by the action that disturbed the ore beds. 

Lewis Mountain iron bank is situated in Iron County near Arcadia, on 
the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W. The hill is filled with porphyry, the vein of 
ore is about four feet thick and is hard, blue specular iron. This forma- 
tion indicates most plainly that the ore is a replacement, and now occupies 
the place of porphyry. Over the elevation, there are scattered boulders 
of specular ore of the same character as that filling the vein. But little 
development has been made to aid us in a correct judgment of the extent 
of the deposit. 

Buford Mountain, Iron County, contains a bed of specular ore that 
possesses highly manganiferous qualities. The ores were originally 
formed in porphyry, but it is now decomposed. This is an extensive 
deposit and can be most economically worked. 

The mines of Hogan Mountain are on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W. The 
rock enclosure is a quartz-like porphyry of a red color. Some portions of 
the hill or mountain show decomposed porphyry. The ore is found in 
pockets or chambers, many of which have been developed. 

The ore is specular, of micaceous structure and of good quality, 
coarsely crystalline. This ore gives 50 to 59 per cent, metallic iron. 

The Shut-in, Russell, Ackhurst, Culbertson and Big Bogy Mountain 
banks are all located in Iron County, and exist in porphyry. These ores 
are all specular. Those of Ackhurst's bank are also manganiferous. 

Cedar Hill ore is a grayish, hard specular, without any magnetic 
qualities, and with a sub-metallic luster. It contains silica in about the 
proportion that Pilot Knob ore does, and lies in porphyry that is clearly 



THE IRON DEPOSITS. 749 

stratified. It has not been sufficiently developed to establish an opinion 
as to its extent. It gives 65 per cent, of metallic iron. 

The Maramec bank is 6 miles south of St. James, Phelps County. 
The ores found in this deposit are specular' and red hematite. They 
occur in the second sandstone, that lies above and below the ore beds. 
In the beds are cherty masses that have been metamorphosed and are red 
and green in color. After the deposition of this ore, there must have 
been a considerable disturbance, as the ore and rock mass are much 
broken, and the sandstone is often impregnated with iron, and upon the 
other the action of heat is plainly discernable. The specular ore of this 
mine is of a clear, bright, gray color, close and compact, with a hard- 
ness representing 6, and carrying 62 per cent, metallic iron. This 
bank has been worked for more than 20 years, and the ore yield is yet 
liberal in supply. 

IJhe Benton Creek bank is situated in Crawford County, on a creek of 
that name. The hill on which this bank is located shows a great amount 
of brown hematite and specular boulders upon the outside. The occur- 
rence of the bedded ore is in the second sandstone, which shows an 
important disturbance, the sandstone dipping to the center of the eleva- 
tion. The ores are also very much broken up, but compacted by the 
central dip given the hill by the disturbance. Across the elevation 
there is a large dyke of specular ore of most excellent quality. The 
center of this elevation is no doubt a mass of very fine specular ore, in 
which will be found red hematite. 

Simmons Mountain, one-half mile south of Salem, Deiu County, is about 
.100 feet high, and covers nearly 40 acres. The second sandstone is the 
country rock, and at the summit is uncovered, and mixed with specular 
and brown ores. Down the elevation larger masses of ore are met with, 
that have the appearance of being drifts from the main deposit higher 
up. Shafts have been sunk in this elevation, determining more than 30 
feet of solid ore. The ore is a splendid close, compact, brilliant spec- 
ular, very hard and free from deleterious substances. The ores of this 
mountain do not show near as much metamorphism as many of the other 
banks in the second sandstone of this region. The ore is quite strongly 
magnetic, and gives a bright red streak. Pretty extensive mining opera- 
tions are now being carried on in this deposit. It is one of the largest 
specular iron deposits (Iron Mountain alone excepted,) that is known 
in the State. 

The Taylor bank, about 8 miles north of Salem, has a considerable 
deposit of brown hematite; at or near the foot of the elevation the specu- 
lar ores present themselves in considerable quantity. The hill shows a 
very marked disturbance, with an extensive depression at the summit. 
Several hundred feet square ore of the best quality is known to exist. I 
regard this deposit as a most extensive one. The central portion of the 



750 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

elevation will be found to hold an immense quantity of ore lying m 
sandstone, and reaching down to the third magnesian limestone. The 
brown hematites that occupy the higher ground, I am persuaded, have no 
relation to the specular ores below. 

The Pomeroy bank is about 3 miles north of Salem ; the ore is first 
discovered upon the west side of an elevation 140 feet high. The ore is 
first found in clay and chert, and like the Taylor, has brown ore high up 
the elevation. Farther down the hill the second sandstone is in place, 
and the center of the elevation is probably an immense storehouse of 
specular ore. 

Beaver Creek bank is situated about 5^^ miles south-west of Rolla, in 
Phelps County. The A. & P. R. R. company have built a branch road to 
the mines, affording good facilities for the transportation of ore from this 
as well as other deposits in this region. The geology of the hill in which 
the ores of Beaver Creek are located, presents the second sandstone as 
true walls, with linings of ferruginous clay and chert. The body of one 
seems to be immense, and the work already done fully confirms the 
highest anticipations of its owners. The ore is a heavy specular,[changing 
to a red hematite. 

The Thurmond bank north and east of Stanton, on the A. & P. R. R., 
about ^ of a mile from the road, lies pretty well upon the south side of 
a sharp hill, with hematite and red ore down almost to the ravine to the 
south. A number of holes have been dug, in all of which brown and red, 
specular and ochraceous ores are found. A shaft was sunk here a num- 
ber of years ago for copper, and nearly 40 feet of red hematite, oxide and 
specular ore was passed through. There seems to be a large body of ore 
here, but it has been most unmistakably disturbed. 

The Cherry Valley banks, east of Steelville, are considerable deposits 
of specular ore in the second sandstone. Large quantities of specular 
ore cover several hundred feet of the hills upon the surface, and occupy 
the center of the elevations. The banks seem to be entirely undisturbed 
and must be accepted as important deposits. 

Steelville bank, 2 miles west of Steelville, is a very disturbed deposit. 
The ore is presented in the shape of soft red hematite, with masses of 
specular ore, in no regular beds or formation. The disturbance has evi- 
dently entirely removed the ore from its former bed, and the sandstone 
in which the deposition took place is not to be found. 

The Arnold bank, near Benton Creek, Dent County, has large quanti- 
ties of specular ore scattered over the hill. Shafts sunk to gain an 
intelligence of the extent of the bank, have struck ore at the foot of the 
elevation ; but this may only be the mass of ore removed by the marked 
disturbance the elevation has undergone. The hill is composed of a 
solid boulder-like sandstone, often seamed with iron ore. 

The Orchard bank, at Salem, shows the hill to be made up of yellow and 



* THE IRON DEP0SI7S. 75 ^ 

red sandstones, impregnated with iron. The hill is somewhat flattened, 
upon which considerable specular ore is found, of small sized fragments. 
These have been broken up, and the source whence they came, has not 
been discovered. 

Santee & Clark's bank is situated on the east side of Dry Fork River, 
about 4 miles from St. James, in Phelps County. 

The ore is specular and red hematite, and is found very irregular in a 
high elevation capped with sandstone and third magnesian limestone in 
sight towards the river. The ore is associated with chert, clay and other 
substances, that leave us to regard it as a removed deposit. 

The Buckland bank, in Phelps County, shows considerable soft red 
hematite and specular ore. (The ore is very much mixed up with debris, 
and shows well known character of a general disturbance.) 

Kelley banks No. i and No. 2 are in Phelps County. No. i is in 
second sandstone, very little disturbed. The ore is a heavy, pure specu- 
lar of good quality. No. 2 is also in sandstone, with clay chert and car- 
bonate of iron. The deposit is very irregular ; up the elevation a large 
mass of brown ore is found ; while farther down, the specular ore rests in 
beds of debris showing a marked disturbance. 

At Taylor's bank, near Rolla, the ore is found in clay and sandstone. 
The soft red ore is found in a bed almost isolated from the specular, and 
with it, as well as with the specular boulders, the carbonate of iron is 
found in considerable quantity. We are inclined to the opinion, that the 
true body of ore of this deposit has not yet been reached. 

The Fitzwater bank in Dent County, Anderson, Carson, Reuben Smith 
and Ganter, situated in Crawford County, are very much the same in 
lithological character. The ores are specular boulders that overlie 
the sandstones, and very probably will be found to occupy irregular beds 
in the elevations, and possibly pass down through the sandstones. 

Ferguson bank in Crawford County, presents fully 8 feet of depth in 
specular and red ores, the surface covered with specular boulders. 

At Smith's banks, i and 2, Phelps County, the elevations are covered 
with a great quantity of small masses of^^pecular ore, and shafts sunk dis- 
close red paint ore with the specular boulders. In No. i, the ore in many 
places has crystallized in the pipe form. The true body of ore in both these 
banks has probably not yet been struck 

At Primrose bank, in Washington County, a number ot shafts sunk 
fail to reach the main body of ore that the surface boulders indicate is 
there, from their occurrence in a depression on the elevation. 

The Jameson bank, 3 miles south of Salem, is upon a high elevation, 
where sunken places show considerable qu?ntities of specular ore. Upon 
the eastern slope of the elevation, a great quantity of ore is scattered 
upon the surface. The deposit, wherever it has been situated, has been 
broken up and removed, as the scattered associates indicate. 



752 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

The Zeigler bank, east of Salem, shows specular ore upon the surface, 
but is not associated with sandstone, as are many others we have 
described. We regard this bank as a very promising one. There are 
also several other important banks in Crawford County, among which we 
may name Buckland, Dovey, Isabella, Clark and Card banks. 

Some of the most extensive red hematite banks in the State are located 
in Franklin County. Along the Bourbeuse, upon the lands of Gen. L, B. 
Parsons, there are 13 exposures of fine red hematite iron ore. In another 
place there is presented a large deposit of red hematite, undeveloped, but 
no doubt quite extensive. 

One mile and a half from Dry Branch Station, on the A. & P. R. R., 
is an elevation, capped at the summit with saccharoidal sandstone, 
beneath which there is a vast body of red and specular ore. The red 
hematite however predominates, and is remarkably pure and free from 
sulphur or other deleterious substances. The sinking of a number of 
shafts upon this hill reaches the deposit in several places, in all of which 
the red hematite shows itself to be the prevailing ore. This ore will be 
found to work well with the hard speculars and ores of the silicious 
character, like Pilot Knob. 

The Kerr bank, situated 2^ miles n. w. of St. Clair Station, is a large 
deposit of brown and red ore. A number of shafts have been sunk upon the 
hill occupying 50 or 60 acres, and ore struck in most of them. A drift has 
been run in at the base of the hill, and several feet in thickness of red 
hematite exposed. Here has been found a large deposit of spathic ore in 
most beautiful crystallization. 

Adjoining this on the west, is a bank where shafts sunk 38 feet, have 
gone down all the way in solid red hematite, with boulders of blue 
specular ore. This is a very important iron deposit, and can be worked 
with profit from the first shipment of ore. 

In the vicinity of Stanton, on the A. & P. R. R., are 13 exposures of 
red hematite iron ore 

In Gasconade County, 3 miles west of Japan Post Ofiice, there is a con- 
siderable deposit of red hematite. Masses of ore are found over the 
surface, mixed with boulders of saccharoidal sandstone. Upon the hill 
north and west, ore again presents itself, coming out from the boulder 
sandstone, as it occurs a half mile away. 

The Shaft Hill bank, in Callaway County, is a quite extensive red 
hematite deposit. The ore occurs all around a considerable elevation 
upon the surface, in the form of loose boulders. The ore in the hill, 
where it has been struck by shafts sunk, shows complete lines cf stratifi- 
cation, and is about four feet thick. 

The Dun, Knight and Bloomfield banks, Callaway County, are all of 
like character. 

The Henderson bank in Callaway County, and some half dozen others 



THE IRON DEPOSITS. 753 

■of very much the same exposures, are banks that have been very much 
-disturbed, and their permanency of character is by no means assured. 

The Parker, Brown and Miller banks in Henry County, and the Mar- 
maduke, Gover and Collins banks in St. Clair County, are all exposures 
that have not been developed. They lie in sandstone, much of which is 
highly impregnated with iron. 

In Miller, Maries, Cole and Camden Counties, there are a number of 
red hematite banks of considerable promise. 

The Chenoz bank in Wayne County, is a very large deposit of red 
hematite ; within a circuit of five miles, there are a number of very promis- 
ing exposures, but all unworked. 

In Bollinger, Stoddard and Butler Counties, along the line of the 111., 
Mo. & Texas R. R., there are a number of red hematite banks of con- 
siderable promise. 

In the northern portion of Texas and Wright Counties, are some half 
dozen promising red ore banks as yet unworked. 

There are banks of red hematite in Morgan, Benton, Cedar and 
Laclede Counties ; their values yet being undetermined. 

The red ores are found in 21 counties of the State, and many of them 
of great commercial value when known. The brown hematite, or limonite 
iron ores of Missouri, extend over a greater extent of country, than all the 
others combined. They are found scattered over 94 counties of the 
State, and in 31 determined to exist in immense quantities. By much 
the most extensive belt containing those ores, is that of south-east and 
south Missouri. The counties of Ste. Genevieve, Madison, St. Francois, 
Cape Girardeau, Bollinger, Wayne, Stoddard, Washington, Reynolds, 
Shannon, Carter and Ripley, are the ones where the greatest exposures of 
these ores are met with. 

There are a great number of foot-hills in Cape Girardeau, Bollinger, 
Stoddard, Butler and Wayne Counties, that break away southward from 
the Ozark range. Many of these hills are largely made up of brown 
hematite iron ore. 

The Brown, Snyder, Loufsy, Tucker and a hundred other deposits of 
like character, do not require separate description. These ores occur 
upon the magnesian limestone series, and the greater portion of them are 
entirely undisturbed. In most cases they are quite irregular, not having 
stratified forms, or resting in true beds, but filling small to large cavities 
in the limestones. The Duck Creek and Indian Ford deoosits seem to 
be in strata to some extent. 

The Loufsy bank is situated i mile from Castorville, on the I. M. & 
T. R. W. There are more than 2,000 tons of fine brown hematite ore in 
sight, from the top of the hill to its base; the masses that will weigh 10 
to 30 tons partly exposed, while the whole hill is so ferruginous that veg- 
etation has scarcely secured a foothold upon it. 



754 CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

At Cornwall Station, on the St. L., I. M. & S. R. W., the Ford bank 
presents a very large bank of limonite ore. This has been quite exten- 
sively mined, and has furnished a large amount of good ore. 

The Lutz, Francis, Bess, and many other banks in Bollinger County, are 
of the same character. The ores occur in mammillary and botryoidal 
forms — all irregular. Many times yellow ochre is found in considerable 
quantities associated in the ore bed. 

In Wayne County, there are over 70 different limonite ore banks — the- 
Crane, Ford, Clarkson, Williamson and Hulse being fair representatives. 

In Miller, Maries, Camden, Cole, Moniteau and Callaway Counties, 
there are very extensive limonite banks. In Morgan, Benton, St. Clair,. 
Cedar, Hickory and Vernon Counties, considerable brown hematite has. 
been found. In Franklin, Gasconade, Phelps, Crawford, Laclede, Chris- 
tian, Webster and Green Counties, large limontie beds have been founds 
In the Moselle region very large deposits have been opened and worked 
for many years. In Osage County there are a number of promising 
brown ore banks, as well as fine specular and red hematite. 

It is needless to go over the various banks and describe them in detail ;; 
their lithological character is much the same, and they have ore enough, 
to run 100 furnaces for 1,000 years. More could not be desired, with- 
out an appearance of too much solicitude for posterity, who would be 
too far removed to appreciate our good wishes. 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 

By Prof. G. C. Swallow, M.D., LL.D. 

I_TopoGRAPHY*; II— Geology; III — Mines and Useful Minerals; 
IV— Rivers AND Springs; V— Prairies; VI— Timber; VII— Soils. 

II. GEOLOGY. 

The stratified rocks of Missouri belong to the following divisions : 
I— Quaternary; II— Tertiary; III — Cretaceous (?); IV— Car- 
boniferous ; V— Devonian ; VI— Silurian ; VII— Azoic. 

The rocks of these divisions will be examined in their order from the 
top, down. 

I — Quaternary. — When it is remembered that these formations con- 
tain the entire geological record of all the cycles from the end of the Tertiary 
period to the present time, and that their economical value is greater 
than that of all the other formations combined, I shall need no apology 
for entering somewhat into detail in recording the phenomena they 
present. 

The Quaternary or Post Tertiary system comprises the Drift and all 
the deposits above it— all the strata included in the Alluvium and Dilu- 
vium of former authors. There are, within this period, four distinct 
and well marked formations in this State, which we have thus named in 
the order of their stratigraphical position : 

Alluvium, 30 feet thick ; Bottom Prairie, 35 feet thick ; Bluff, 200 
feet thick; Drift, 155 feet thick. All of the latest deposits — all that 
have been formed since the present order of things commenced upon our 
continent — are included in the 

Alluvium.— The deposits observed in the State, belonging to this for- 
mation, are, Soils, Pebbles and Sand, Clays, Vegetable Mold or Humus, 
Bog Iron Ore, Calcareous Tufa, Stalactites and Stalagmites, Marls. 

Soils are a well known mixture of various comminuted and decom- 
posed mineral substances, combined and mingled with decayed vege- 
table and animal remains, all comprising those ingredients peculiarly 
adapted to the nourishment of the vegetable kingdom. But the soils of 
Missouri are made up by the mingling of organic matter with the com- 
minuted marls, clays and sands of the Quaternary Deposits, which cover 
nearly all parts of the State with a vast abundance of the very best 
materials for their rapid formation. Hence the soils of the State are very 

* For Topography see page 651— Ed. 



756 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

deep and wonderfully productive, save in those limited localities where 
the materials of the Quaternary Strata are unusually coarse, or entirely 
wanting. 

Pebbles and Sand. Many of our streams abound in water-worn 
pebbles, which constitute their beds, and form bars along their margins 
and across their channels. These pebbles were derived from the drift 
and the harder portions of the adjacent rocks. They vary in size 
according to the transporting power of the streams in which they are 
found. 

The economical value of these pebbles for roads and streets, and the 
obstruction they often present to navigation, as in the Osage, give them 
unusual importance in our geology. The Osage, Gasconade, Niangua, 
Marais Des Cygnes, Sac and Spring Rivers of the South, and the Salt, 
South and North Fabius and Chariton of the North, all furnish good and 
abundant examples of those deposits which have been formed by the 
action of those streams. 

Sand is the most abundant material in the alluvial bottoms of the great 
rivers in the State. Vast quantities of it are constantly borne along by 
the irresistible current of the Missouri. Its whirling, rolling, turbulent 
waters form of it extensive bars in incredibly short periods, which they 
again wear away, often still more rapidly than they were formed. These 
sand-bars, so common in this stream, frequently extend along its bed 
several miles, with a breadth varying from one to five or six furlongs, 
and limited in thickness only by the depth of the water. A slight fall 
in the river leaves these vast sand-beds dry, when their surfaces are soon 
covered by a growth of weeds, interspersed with young willows, cotton- 
wood and sycamores. The fickle stream, however, seldom leaves these 
sand-beds to a long repose, but returns to its old channel by a rapid 
removal of their loose materials. 

At high stages of water, both the Missouri and Mississippi overflow 
their low bottoms, and leave deposits of a grayish-brown, or a grayish- 
yellow sand, similar to that in the sand-bars mentioned above. The 
thickness of these beds, depends upon the height and continuance of the 
overflowing waters, varying from a mere perceptible stratum to several feet. 

Clays. These are dark bluish-gray, argillaceous strata, rendered more 
or less impure by fine silicious, calcareous and decomposed organic 
matter. When the floods of the Mississippi and the Missouri subside, 
the lagoons, sloughs, and lakes are left full of turbid water. The coarser 
materials soon settle into a stratum of sand, but the finer particles more 
gradually subside, and form the silico-calcareous clays of their alluvial 
bottoms. Thus, after each flood, new strata of sand and clay are 
deposited, until the lakes and sloughs are silted up. 

Then to sustain vegetable life, the decay of the annual growth, and of 
the foreign matter which falls or floats into these waters, forms a stratum 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 757 

of humus over the beds of clay and sand, previously deposited by the floods 
and still waters ; and each succeeding annual crop of vegetable matter 
gives another stratum of humus. In time, these shallow waters became 
mere marshes, where a rank vegetation rapidly formed thick beds of 
vegetable mold, for the support of the magnificent forests which now 
occupy the sites of those ancient lakes and sloughs. Such is the struc- 
ture of the vast alluvial plains bordering the Missouri and Mississippi 
Rivers. 

The bottom of the Missouri, from the Iowa line to its mouth, presents 
an area of 3,500 square miles; about 2,000 square miles may be set 
down as alluvium, while the river, "bottom prairies" and lakes, occupy 
the remainder. The Missisippi Bottom in Missouri, occupies about 4,300 
square miles. Thus the alluvial bottoms of our two great rivers alone, 
give some 4,000,000 acres of land based upon these strata of sands, clays, 
marls and humus. And the quantity is constantly increasing by the silt- 
ing up of the sloughs and lakes, as above described. The soil formed 
upon these alluvial beds is deep, light and rich almost beyond com- 
parison. 

Bottom Prairie. — This important formation, in many respects, 
resembles that of the alluvial bottoms above described, with which it 
has usually been confounded by geologists ; though agriculturalists 
have made a distinction. There are, however, important differences: 
ist. The stratification in the prairie is much more uniform, and more reg- 
ularly extended over wide areas. 2d. In the prairie formation, the strata 
are not so distinct, nor are they so purely silicious or argillaceous. 
3d. It was evidently formed by agencies operating over the entire bot- 
toms, whose action was more uniform and quiet, and continued uninter- 
rupted through longer periods than those now forming the alluvial deposits 
in the same bottoms. 4th. Where these two formations meet, one can 
usually trace out the line of demarcation. Either the strata of the 
prairie pass under those of the alluvium, or are cut off and replaced by 
them. 5th. The alluvial bottom is continually increased at the 
expense of the prairie, through the action of the rivers. The current is 
constantly cutting away the prairie, forming new channels, and filling up 
the old ones with drift and silt. 6th. No causes now in operation could, 
at the present level of the country, produce a formation of such extent 
and uniform structure as the bottom prairie. Several facts show it to be 
distinct from, and newer than, the bluff. Its composition, structure and 
position, are entirely different, and in many places the bottom prairie 
rests non-conformally upon the bluff, as at St. Joseph, and the mouth 
of the Big Nemaha. 

This formation, like the last, is made up of sands, clays, vegetable 
mold, variously interstratified. The sand in the upper part is fine and 
yellowish-brown, like that of the Missouri sand-bars ; but the lower beds 



75 8 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

are more purely silicious. The clays are usually dark, bluish-brown and 
marly, with more or less sand and humus intermingled. The humus or 
vegetable mold has a brownish or black color ; when wet it is somewhat 
plastic, and slightly tenacious ; when dry, it is brittle, and breaks into 
angular fragments, and can be easily reduced to an impalpable powder. 
These beds of humus were evidently formed by the growth and decay of 
plants in the localities where they are found. This formation is confined 
to the bottoms of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, and is more abund- 
ant and better characterized on the former. The bottom prairie is about 
half as extensive as the alluvial bottoms above described, and sustains a 
soil of equal fertility. This estimate will give us about 1,500,000 acres 
of these vastly rich savannas, all prepared by nature for the plow. Their 
agricultural capacities are scarcely inferior to any lands in the world. 
The organic remains of the bottom prairie, are numerous and well pre- 
served. All the shells of the bluff, save the Helicina occulta, have been 
found in it. The remains of the mastodon have been found in it ; and 
many trees and other plants, all of living species. 

The scenery in the alluvial bottom and the bottom prairie is well rep- 
resented in Section 2 and Plate 12 of my Geological Report. 

Bluff. — This formation rests upon the drift, as is obvious whenever 
the two formations are well developed. In many places, as at St. Joseph 
and at the mouth of the Big Nemeha, it is seen dipping beneath the 
beds of the bottom prairie. The bluff formation rests upon the ridges 
and river bluffs, and descends along their slopes to the lowest valleys. 
Thus, while the bottom prairie occupies a higher geological horizon, the 
bluff is usually several hundred feet above it in the topographical. This 
formation, when well developed, usually presents a fine pulverulent, 
obsoletely stratified mass of light-grayish buff, silicious and slightly 
indurated marl. Its color is usually variegated with deeper brown stains 
of oxide of iron. The bluff above St. Joseph exhibits an exposure of it 
140 feet thick, presenting its usual characteristic features. When but 
sparingly developed, it generally becomes more argillaceous, and assumes 
a deeper brown or red color, as on the railroad south of Palmyra, where 
it is a dark brick-red tinged with purple. In some places the ferrugi- 
nous and calcareous matter increases, and we find concretions of marl 
and iron-stone, either disseminated through or arranged in horizontal 
belts. At other places, it has made more arenaceous matter, and is 
mueh more decidedly stratified. 

So far as my own observations extend, this formation caps all the 
bluffs of the Missouri, from Fort Union to its mouth, and those of the 
Mississippi from Dubuque to the mouth of the Ohio. It forms the upper 
stratum beneath the soil of all the high lands, both timber and prairie, 
of all the counties north of the Osage and Missouri, and also St. Louis 
and the other Mississippi counties on the south. 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 759 

Its greatest development in this State, is in the counties on the 
Missouri River from the Iowa line to Boonville ; but thence to St. Louis 
it is not so thick. In some places it is 200 feet thick. At St. Joseph it 
is 140; at Boonville, 100; and ^t St. Louis, in St. George's Quarry, 
and the Big Mound, it was about 50 feet ; while its greatest observed 
thickness in Marion County was only 30 feet. 

The fossils of the bluff are very numerous and interesting. I have 
collected from it, of the Mammalia, two teeth of the Elephas priinige- 
ntus, the jaw bone of the Caston fiber Americana, a molar of a Ruminant, 
and the incisor of a Squirrel; of the Mollusca, seventeen species of the 
genus Helix, eight of Limnea, eight of Physa, three of Pupa, four 
Planorbis, 6 Succinnea, and one each of the genera Vdlvata, Amnicola, 
Helicina, and Cyclas, besides some others not determined. 

These lacustrine, filuviatile, amphibious and land species indicate a 
deposit formed in a fresh-water lake, surrounded by land and fed by 
rivers. 

I have been thus minute in my examinations of the bluff, the bottom 
prairie, and the alluvial formations, both on account of their vast impor- 
tance to our agricultural interests, and the comparative little attention 
geologists have given to them. It is to this formation that the central 
Mississippi and southern Missouri valleys owe their preeminence in 
agriculture. Where it is best developed in western Missouri, the soil is 
inferior to none in the country. 

The scenery presented by the bluff formation is at once unique and 
beautiful, and gives character to nearly all the best landscapes on the 
Lower Missouri. 

Drift. — This formation lies directly beneath the bluff, and rests upon 
the various members of the Palaeozoic series, as they successively come to 
the surface. In this formation there appear three distinct deposits: — 

Altered Drift, as it may be called, frequently appears in the banks 
of the Missouri River. These strata of sand and pebbles seem to be the 
finer materials of the drift, removed and rearranged by aqueous agencies 
subsequent to the Drift period, and prior to the formation of the bluff. 
The pebbles are from all the varieties of rocks found in the true drift, 
but are comparatively small. 

The Boulder formation, as it was left distributed by those powerful 
and widely extended agencies, which formed that deposit of the northern 
hemisphere. It is a heterogeneous stratum of sand, gravel and boulders, 
all water-worn fragments of the older rocks. A large part is from the 
Igneous and Metamorphic rocks, in place at the north, and the remainder 
from the Palaeozoic strata, upon which they rest. The Metamorphic and 
Igneous rocks must have come from the northern localities of those 
strata, the nearest of which is on the St. Peter's River, about three 
hundred miles north of St. Joseph. But the Palaeozoic fragments are 



76o CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

usually from localities near where they rest, as shown by the fossils they 
contain, and are as co7npletely rounded as those from more distant points. 

Some of these beds, as in St. Louis County, contain scarcely any 
pebbles from foreign rocks; but nearly all are rounded portions of the 
underlying strata. The largest boulders observed in Missouri are five or 
six feet in diameter. They are usually granite and Metamorphic sandstone. 

Boulder Clay. — In northern Missouri, the Boulder formation just 
described often rests upon a bed of bluish or brown sandy clay, through 
which pebbles of various sizes, are disseminated in greater or less 
abundance. In some localities this deposit becomes a pure white pipe- 
clay. 

The Altered Drift has been observed more frequently in the north- 
western part of the State, and is often twenty-five or thirty feet thick. 
The Boulder formation abounds in all parts of the State north of the 
Missouri, and exists in small quantities as far south as the Osage and 
Maramec. Its thickness is very variable, from one to forty-five feet. 
Its development is greater, the boulders larger, and those of a foreign 
origin more numerous, towards the north. Its thickness varies from one 
to fifty feet. The Boulder clay is also most abundant in the northern 
part of the State, and is, in some places, more than one hundred feet 
thick. 

I have seen no fossils in this deposit, save a few logs in the Altered 
Drift of the Missouri. Some of these are still sound, and burn quite 
well when dry, as we have proved by building our camp fires with them 
on several occasions. There are other deposits, particularly in the 
middle and southern parts of this State, which are not genuine drift; 
and yet they bear a greater resemblance to that than to any other for- 
mation, and occupy precisely the same stratigraphical position. 

II. — Tertiary. — There is a formation made up of clays, shales, iron 
ores, sandstone, and a variety of fine and coarse sands, extending along 
the bluffs, and skirting the bottoms, from Commerce, in Scott County, 
westward to Stoddard, and thence south to the Chalk Bluffs in Arkansas. 

The iron ore of these beds is very abundant, and exceedingly valua- 
ble. The Spathic ore has been found in no other locality in south-east- 
ern Missouri, so that the large quantity and excellent quality of these 
beds will render them very valuable for the various purposes to which 
this ore is peculiarly adapted. 

The white sand of these beds will be very valuable for glass-making, 
and for the composition of mortars and cements. The clays are well 
adapted to the manufacture of pottery and stoneware. 

III. — Cretaceous. (?) — Beneath the Tertiary beds above described 
in the bluffs of the Mississippi above Commerce, the following strata 
were observed: No. i, 13 feet, argillaceous variegated sandstone; No. 
2, 20 feet, soft bluish-brown sandy slate, containing large quantities 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 761 

of iron pyrites ; No. 3, 25 feet, whitish-brown impure sandstone, 
banded with jDurple and pink ; No. 4, 45 feet, slate, like No. 2 ; No. 5, 
45 feet, fine white silicious clay, interstratified with white flint more or 
less spotted, and banded with pink and purple; No. 6, 10 feet, purple, 
red and blue clays; — the entire thickness is 158 feet. 

These beds are very much disturbed, fractured, upheaved and tilted, so 
as to form various faults and axes, anticlinal and synclinal ; while the 
strata above described as Tertiary, are in their natural position, and rest 
nonformably upon these beds. 

These facts show the occurrence of great disturbances subsequent to the 
deposition of these beds, and anterior to the formation of the strata above. 

We have no clue to the age of these rocks, save that they are older 
than the Tertiary beds above, and newer than the Trenton limestone 
below. They somewhat resemble some Cretaceous beds found in several 
places on this part of the continent ; and these facts have led me to the 
inquiry, whether they are Cretaceous. Our future investigation may 
show their true position. 

We have observed no fossils in these rocks. 

IV. — Carboniferous. — This system presents two important divi- 
sions: Upper Carboniferous, or Coal- Measures ; Lower Carbonifer- 
ous, or Mountain LiinestoJie. 

The Coal-Measures are made up of numerous strata of sandstones, 
limestones, shales, clays, marls, spathic iron ores and coals. We have 
observed about 2,000 feet of these coal-measures, containing numerous 
beds of iron ore, and at least eight or ten beds of good workable coal. 

These rocks, with the accompanying beds of coal and iron, cover an 
area of more than twenty-seven thousand square miles in Missouri.* 

The geological map, accompanying, shows the division between the 
great body of the coal-measures, on the north-west, from the older rocks 
on the south-east. Besides the large body of coal-measures on the 
north-west side of this line, there are extensive beds in Cole, Moniteau, 
St. Charles, St. Louis and Callaway Counties. The common bitumin- 
ous and cannel coals are the only varieties of this mineral observed. 
These exist in vast quantities — one might almost say inexhaustible. 

The fossils are numerous and interesting. So far as our observations 
extend in Missouri, the Fusuliua cylindrica, Spirifer cameratus, S. piano- 
convexa, S. hemplicata, S. Kcntuckensis, Productus splendens, P. cequicos- 
tatus, P. Nebrascencis, P. W abashensis , P. Calhounanus, Chonetesnieso- 
loba, C. Parva, C. Smithi, Myalina subquadrata, Allorisvia regularis, 
A. terminalis, Leda arata, Plcurotomaria sphaerulata, Catnpophylhim 
torquium, and Chcetetes 7nilleporaceus are confined to, and very character- 

* The Missouri coal basin is one of the largest in the known world. Besides the 27,000 square miles 
in Missouri, there are in Nebraska at least 10,000 square miles ; in Kansas, i2,ooc) ; in Iowa, accord- 
ing to Dr. Owen, 20^000 ; in Illinois, 30,000 ; making, in all, at least 100,000 square miles. 



762 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURL 

istic of, the coal-measures. The discovery of the fact that these fossils 
are confined to the coal-measures, has enabled us to point out the exist- 
ence of the coal-measures, and the coal beds contained in them, over an 
area of many thousand miles, where some geologists had supposed no 
coal measures and no coal existed. 

In the Lower Carboniferous rock we have observed Upper Archi- 
Tnedes Limestone, 200 feet ; Eernigtnous Sandstone, 195 feet ; Middle 
Architnedes Limestone, 50 feet; St. Louis Litnestone, 250 feet; Oolitic 
Limestone, 25 feet; Lower Archimedes Limestone, 350 feet; Encrinital 
Limestone, 500 feet. 

The Upper Architnedes Limestone is developed in Ste. Genevieve 
County and contains the following fossils : Productus cora, P. elegans, 
Spirifer Leidyi, S. incrassatus (.?), S. spinosus, S. lineatus (.?), Spirigera 
hirsuta, Athyris subtilita, Atrypa serpentina, Orthis umbraculum {f), Fen- 
estella lyra, F. swallvana, F. Meekana, Pentremites pyriformis, P. sul- 
catus, Agassizocrinus dactyliformis, and Poteriocrinus occidentalis. 

The Ferruginous Sandstone is variable in its lithological characters. 
In some portions it is very white and saccharoidal ; in others, fine, 
impure particles are disseminated through the mass, and the color 
becomes a dirty brown ; and in a few localities, as near Fulton, Callaway 
County, it is a coarse conglomerate. But generally, when well devel- 
oped, it is a coarse-grained, heavy bedded, friable sandstone, colored 
with various shades of brown, red and purple, as it appears in the bluffs 
near Salt Creek, Sulphur Springs, some two miles west of Osceola ; or 
clouded with yellow and red, as on Turkey Creek, in Cedar County. 
The upper part is more regularly stratified and finer grained, contains 
more argillaceous matter, and has a light-brown yellowish-gray or cream 
color. It is very soft when quarried, and may then be dressed for build- 
ing purposes ; but exposure renders it much harder and more durable. 
This sandstone contains large quantities of oxides of iron, brown and 
red hematites, which, in many places, form extensive beds of excellent 
ore. The large quantities of iron in this sandstone have led me to give 
it the provisional name, Ferruginous Sandstone. It is found skirting the 
eastern borders of the coal-measures, from the mouth of the Des Moines 
to McDonald County. 

The St. Louis Limestone is made up of hard crystalline, and compact, 
gray and blue, somewhat cherty limestones, interstratified with thin 
partings of blue shale. Its stratigraphical position is between the Fer- 
ruginous Sandstone and the Archimedes limestone, as seen near the Des 
Moines, and near the first tunnel on the Pacific Railroad. It is found in 
Clark and Lewis Counties, but attains its greatest development in St. 
Louis, from which the name is derived. The most characteristic fossils 
yet described, are, PalcBchinus multipara, Lithostrotion Canadense, Echi- 
nocrinus Nerei, Poteriocrinus longidactylus, and Atrypa lingulata. 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 763 

The Lower Archimedes Limestone. In this formation are included the 
"Arenaceous bed," i\vQ '' Warsaw or second Archimedes Limesiojie,'' 
the " Magnesian Litnestone,'' the " Geode bed," drnd the " Keokulk or 
Lower Archimedes Limestone'' of Prof. Hall's section, and the lead- 
bearing rocks of south-western Missouri, which, though different from 
any of the above beds, are more nearly allied to them than to the Encri- 
nital limestone below. All of the above beds are easily recognized in 
Missouri, save, perhaps, the Warsaw limestone, which is but imperfectly 
represented in our north-eastern counties, where the "Keokuk lime- 
stone," the " Geode beds " and the Magnesian limestone, are well devel- 
oped. The most characteristic fossils described, are Fenestella Worth- 
enii (/), F. Owenancs, Agaricocrinus Tuberosiis, Actinocimus Hionboldtii, 
Spirifer incrassatus (/), Orthis Swallovi. 

This formation extends from the north-eastern part of the State to the 
south-west, in an irregular zone, skirting the eastern border of the Fer- 
ruginous Sandstone. The extensive and rich lead deposits o^ south-west- 
ern Missouri are partly in this formation. These mines occupy an area 
of more than one hundred square miles, in the counties of Jasper and 
Newton. 

The Eiicrinital Limestone is at once the most extensive and best 
characterized of the divisions of the Carboniferous limestone. It is 
made up of brown, buff, gray and white, coarse, crystalline, heavy 
bedded limestones. The darker colored, impure varieties prevail near 
the base, while the lighter and more purely calcareous strata abound in 
the upper part. It everywhere contains globular, ovoid, and lenticular 
masses of chert, disseminated or arranged in beds parallel to the lines of 
stratification. These masses of chert are more abundant in the upper 
beds; in fact, the upper beds are made up almost exclusively of this 
mineral. The strata of this formation are frequently intersected by joints 
resembling the sutures of the cranium. The remains of corals and 
mollusks are very abundant; some of the strata are made up almost 
entirely of their exuviae, especially of the joints and plates of Criri- 
oideans. In the south-west, these strata rest upon some 70 or 80 feet of 
hard, porous and thick-bedded silicious rock, which are included in this 
formation, as they have more affinities with it than with the Chemung 
below. There are nine divisions of this formation in Missouri, which 
are quite well marked by their fossils and lithological characters. The 
Encrinital limestone extends from Marion County to Greene, forming an 
irregular zone on the east of the Archimedes beds. 

V. — Devonian. — This system contains: Chemung Group, Hamil- 
ton Group, Onandaga Limestone, Oriskany Sandstone. 

The Devonian rocks occupy a small area in Marion, Ralls, Pike, Cal- 
laway, Saline and Ste. Genevieve Counties; also narrow belts along 
the carboniferous strata to the south and west. 



764 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

The Chemung Group presents three formations, very distinct in 
lithological characters and fossil remains. They have received the 
following provisional names : Chouteau Lvnestone, 85 feet ; Vermicular 
Sandstone and Shales, 75 feet; Lithographic Lvnestone , 125 feet. 

The Chouteau Limestone, when fully developed, is in two dirisions. 

At the top, immediately under the Encrinital limestone, we find some 
40 or 50 feet of brownish-gray, earthy, silico-magnesian limestone, in 
thick beds, which contain disseminated masses of white or limpid 
calcareous spar. This rock is very uniform in character, and contains 
but few fossils. Reticulated corals, and Fucoidal markings, like the 
Cauda-galli, are most abundant. In the quarry it is quite soft, but 
becomes very hard on exposure, and forms a very firm and durable 
building rock. It is also hydraulic and forms a good cement. 

The upper division passes down into a fine, compact, blue or drab, 
thin-bedded limestone, whose strata are quite irregular and broken. Its 
fracture is conchoidal, and its structure somewhat concretionary. Some 
of the beds are filled with a great profusion of most beautiful fossils. In 
many, the organic substance has been replaced by calcareous spar. The 
most characteristic are Spirifer Marionensis, Productus Murchisoni- 
anus, Chonetes ornata, Atrypa gregaria, A. Occidentalis, A. Obscura- 
plicata, Leptaena depressa, Avicula Cooperensis, Mytilus elongatus, and 
several new species of Trilobites. 

In the north-eastern part of the State, the Chouteau limestone is repre- 
sented by a few feet of coarse, earthy, crystalline, calcareous rock, like 
the lower division of the Encrinital limestone, as there developed. 
There is, indeed, in this part of the State, no change of lithological 
characters as you pass from the Encrinital limestone to this formation ; 
but the change in the organic remains is both sudden and great. 

The Vermicular Sandstone and Shales. The upper part of this forma- 
tion is usually a buff, or yellowish-brown, fine-grained, pulverulent, 
argillo-calcareous sandstone. It is usually perforated in all directions 
with pores, filled with the same materials more highly colored, and less 
indurated. This portion, when exposed to atmospheric agencies, often 
disintegrates, and leaves the rock full of winding passages, as if it were 
worm-eaten. 

This formation contains but few fossils, and those are in the upper por- 
tions. Spirifer Marionensis, Productus Murchisonianus, Chonetes ornata, 
Avicula-circula, the Fucoids, above named, and the cauda-galli, are the 
most numerous. These beds can always be detected by the lithological 
characters and its peculiar Fucoids. 

The Lithographic Limestone is a pure, fine, compact, even-textured, 
silicious limestone, breaking rather easily, with a conchoidal fracture, 
into sharp, angular fragments. Its color varies from a light drab to the 
lighter shades of buff and blue. It gives a sharp, ringing sound under 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 765 

the hammer, from which it is called "pot-metal," in some parts of the 
State. It is regularly stratified in beds varying from 2 to 16 inches in 
thickness, often presenting, in mural bluffs, all the regularity of masonry, 
as at Louisiana, on the Mississippi. The beds are intersected by numer- 
ous fractures, leaving surfaces covered with beautiful dendritic markings 
of oxide of iron. 

It has but few fossils. The most abundant are Spirifcr Marioncnsis 
Cyrtia cuspidatus, Productus Murchisonianus, P. minutiis, Proteus Mis- 
souriensisy Filictes gracilis, a conularia, Fiicoides caudagalli, (?) and several 
large chambered shells. The Chemung rocks extend from Marion 
County to Greene, along the eastern border of the carboniferous strata. 

The Hamilton Group is made up of some 40 feet of blue shales, and 
170 feet semi -crystalline limestone, containing Da/mania CalHteks,Pha- 
cops biifo, Spirifer mucronatus, S. sculptilis, S. congesta, Chonetes carinata, 
Favosites basaltica. 

Onondaga Limestone. This formation is usually a coarse gray or 
buff, crystalline, thick-bedded and cherty limestone, abounding in 
Terebratula reticularis, Orthis resupinata, Chonetes nana, Productus 
subaculeatus, Spirifer euruteines, Phacops bufo, Cyathophyllum rugosum, 
Emmonsia hemispherica, and a Pentamerus, like galeatus. 

No formation in Missouri presents such variable and widely different 
lithological characters as the Onondaga. It is, generally, a coarse, 
gray, crystalline limestone ; often, a somewhat compact, bluish concre- 
tionary limestone, containing cavities filled with green matter or calc- 
spar ; in a few places, a white saccharoidal sandstone ; in two or three 
localities, a soft, brown sandstone, and, at Louisiana, a pure white oolite. 

The Oriskany Sandstone of Missouri is a light-gray limestone, which 
contains the Spirifer arenosa, Leptaena depressa, and several new species 
of Spirifer, Chonetes, Illcenus and Lichas. 

VI. — Silurian. — Of the U,pper Silurian series, we have the follow- 
ing formations : Lower He Iderberg, 350 feet ; Niagara Group, 200 feet; 
Cape Girardeau Limestone, 60 feet. 

The Lower Helderberg Group is made up of buff, gray and reddish, 
cherty, and argillaceous limestones, blue shales, and dark graptolite 
slates, Dabnania tridentifera, Chierurus Missouriensis, Calymene rugosa, 
Orthis hybrida, O. elegantula, and several species of Platyostoma, are the 
prevailing fossils. 

Niagara Group. "^ The upper part of this formation consists of red, 
yellow, and ash colored shales, with compact limestones, variegated with 
bands and nodules of chert. Halysites catenularia, Columnaria inequalis, 
Calymene Blumenbachii, and Caryocrinus ornaius', are the the most 
characteristic fossils. 

* I am indebted to Dr. Shumard for the information possessed respecting the Niagara, Lower 
Helderberg and Cape Girardeau Groups, and the Oriskany Sandstone 



766 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

The Cape Girardeau Limestone, occurring on the Mississippi about i 
mile above Cape Girardeau, is a compact, bluish-gray, brittle limestone, 
with a smooth fracture, in layers from 2 to 6 inches in thickness, with 
thin argillaceous partings. These strata contain a great many fossils, 
principally Trilobites and Crinoides. In a slab, 3x3 inches, were found 
four genera of Trilobites, namely : Cyphaspis Girardeauensis, Acid- 
aspis Halliy Proteus depressus, Asaphus, Nov. Sp. None of the Trilo- 
bites have been before mentioned in this country, and, so far as I can 
ascertain, the species are distinct from European forms. According to 
Barande, the first three genera occur in the greatest number in the 
Upper Silurian period, and are very sparingly represented in the Lower 
Silurian groups. The Crinoids belong mostly to the genera Glypto- 
crinus, Homocrinus, Tentaculites, and Palseaster ; and the shells to 
Leptaena, Orthis and Turbo — all being of undescribed species. 

Lower Silurian. — We have thus far observed ten formations belong- 
ing to this series: Hudson River Group, 220 feet; Trenton Limestone, 
360 feet; Black River and Birds- eye Limestone, 75 feet; ist Magnesian 
Limestone^ 200 feet; Saccharoidal Sandstone, 125 feet; 2d Magfiesian 
Limestone, 230 feet; 2d Sandstone, 115 feet; jrd Magnesian Limestone, 
350 feet; jrd Sandstone, 60 feet, 4th Magnesian Limestone, 300 feet. 

Hudson River Group. — There are three formations, which we have 
referred to this group. 

ist. Immediately below the Oolite of the Onondaga limestone, in the 
bluffs both above and below Louisiana, we find some 40 feet of blue, gray 
and brown, argillaceous, magnesian limestone. The upper part of these 
shales is in thick beds, presenting a dull, conchoidal fracture, and con- 
taining Asaphus megistos, and Calymene senaria. The lower part of this 
division becomes more argillaceous, and has several thin beds of bluish- 
gray, crystalline limestone, intercalated, which contain many fossils of 
the following species : Leptcena sericea; L. alternata, L. planumbona, 
Orthis jugosa, O. subquadrata, and Rhynconella capax. There are also 
strata of calcareo-arenaceous slate, in the same position, filled with 
remains, which I am unable to distinguish from Prof. Hall's PalcBophycus 
virgatus, and another contorted species. There are, also, beds of slate, 
similar to those above mentioned, at the base of these shales, whose sur- 
faces are covered with great numbers of the Lingula ancyloidea. 

2d. On the Grassy, 35^ miles north-west of Louisiana, about 60 feet 
of blue and purple shales are exposed below the beds above described. 
They contain three species o^ Lingula: Lingula quadrata, L. fragilis, 
and still another, not named. 

3d. Under the 2d division are some twenty feet of argillo-magnesian 
limestone, similar to that in the ist division, interstratified with blue 
shales. Orthis subquadrata, O. Jugosa, Leptcena alternata, Rhynconellct 
capax, and Asaphus megistos are abundant. 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 767 

These rocks crop out in Ralls, Pike, Cape Girardeau and Ste. Gene- 
viere Counties. On the Grassy, a thickness of 120 feet is exposed; and 
they extend below the surface to an unknown depth. 

J'renton Lhnestone. — The upper part of this formation is made up of thick 
beds of hard, compact, bluish-gray and drab limestone, variegated with 
irregular cavities, filled with greenish materials ; while the beds below are 
filled with irregular cylindrical portions, which readily decompose on ex- 
posure, and leave the rocks perforated with numerous irregular passages that 
somewhat resemble those made in timber by the Toredo navalis. These 
beds are exposed between Hannibal and New London, north of Salt 
River, and near Glencoe, St. Louis County, and are 75 feet thick. Below 
them are thick strata of impure, coarse, gray and buff, crystalline, mag- 
nesian limestone, with many brown, earthy portions, which rapidly dis- 
integrate on exposure to atmospheric influences. This part may be seen 
in the bluffs of Salt River, 150 feet thick. The lower part is made up 
of hard, blue and bluish-gray, semi-compact, silico-magnesian limestone, 
interstratified with light bufif and drab, soft and earthy magnesian beds. 
Fifty feet of these strata crop out at the quarries south of the plank road 
bridge over Salt River, and on Spencer's Creek in Ralls County. The 
middle beds sometimes pass into a pure white crystalline marble of great 
beauty, as at Cape Girardeau and near Glencoe. Fossils are abundant in 
all parts of the formation. Leptcena deltoidea, L, Sericea, L. alternata, 
Orthis pectinella, O. testidudinaria, O. tricenaria, Rhynconella capax, 
Murchisoiiia gracilis, M. bellicincta, Receptaculites sulcata, and Chaetees 
lycoperdon are most common. 

Black River and Bird' s- Eye Limestones are bluish-gray or dove-col- 
ored, compact, brittle limestones, with a smooth conchoidal fracture. 
The beds vary in thickness from a few inches to several feet. Near the 
base, the rock is frequently traversed in all directions by vermicular cav- 
ities and cells. Gonioceras anceps, Ormoceras tenuifoliutn, Cythere sub- 
levis are the most abundant fossils. 

The ist Magnesian li?nestone is developed in many parts of the State. 
It is usually a gray or buff, crystalline, cherty, silico-magnesian lime- 
stone, filled with small, irregular masses of a soft white or greenish-yel- 
low, silicious substance, which rapidly decomposes when exposed, and 
leaves the rock full of irregular cavities, and covered with rough, pro- 
jecting points. These rugged, weather-worn strata crop out in the 
prairies, and cap the picturesque bluffs of the Osage in Benton and the 
neighboring counties. 

These beds often pass into a homogeneous buff or gray crystalline 
magnesian limestone, which is frequently clouded with blue or pink, and 
would make a good fire-rock and building stone. At other places the 
strata become compact, hard and clouded, as above, forming a beautiful 
and durable marble. 



^68 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

Some of the iipper beds are silicious, presenting a porous, semi-trans- 
parent, vitreous mass, in which are disseminated numerous small, globu- 
lar, white, enameled oolitic particles. They are sometimes in regular 
and contiguous strata; at others, in irregular masses, presenting mam- 
millated and botryoidal and drusy forms of this beautiful mineral. In 
some parts of Benton and the neighboring counties, these masses left 
by the denuded strata, literally cover the surface, and render the soil 
almost valueless for ordinary cultivation. Other strata abound in con- 
cretions, or organic forms, which resemble wooden-button molds, with a 
central aperture and one convex surface. Masses of calcareous spar are 
quite abundant in the upper beds. The lower part of this formation 
is made up of thin, regular strata, of a soft, earthy, light-drab or 
cream-colored silico-argillaceous magnesian limestone, called cotton rock. 

Above the beds already described, we find, in several places in the 
State, a succession of hard, silicious, dark bluish-gray, semi-crystalline 
limestone, interstratified with grayish-drab, earthy, magnesian varieties, 
all in regular layers, destitute of chert. Straparollus laevata, a small 
variety of Cythere sublevis, and a large Crthoceras, have been observed 
in these rocks. 

The Saccharoidal Sandstone is usually a bed of white friable sand- 
Stone slightly tinged with red and brown, which is made up of globular 
concretions and angular fragments of limpid quartz. It presents very 
imperfect strata, but somewhat more distinct lines of deposition, variously 
inclined to the planes of stratification. 

This interesting formation has a wide range over the State. Its 
thickness is very variable, from i to 125 feet. At times it thickens 
very rapidly, so much so as to increase 30 or 40 feet in a few hundred 
yards. In a bluff about 2 miles north-west of Warsaw, is a very striking 
illustration of this change of thickness. This sandstone crops out along 
the bluff, between the ist and 2d Magnesian limestone, and in a few 
yards decreases in thickness from 20 feet to i foot. Where thinnest it is 
semi-vitreous, and the line of demarcation between it and the limestone 
is very distinct. A very large Orthoceras is found in this sandstone. 

The 2d Magnesian Limestone in lithological character, is very much like 
the ist Magnesian limestone, above described. 

The 2d Sandstone is usually a brown or yellowish-brown, fine grained 
sandstone, destinctly stratified in regular beds, varying from 2 to 18 
inches in thickness. The surfaces are often ripple-marked and mica- 
ceous. It is sometimes quite friable, though generally sufficiently 
indurated for building purposes. The upper part is often made up of 
thin strata of light, soft and porous, semi-pulverulent, sandy chert or 
hornstone, whose cavities are usually lined with limpid crystals of quartz. 
Fragments of these strata are very abundant in the soil and on the 
ridges, where this sandstone forms the surface of the rock. It some- 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 769 

times becomes a pure white, fine-grained, soft sandstone, as on Cedar 
Creek, in Washington County, in Franklin, and other localities. 

The jd Mag?iesian Limestone is exposed in the high and picturesque 
"bluffs of the Niangua, in the neighborhood of Bryce's Spring, where the 
followiing strata were observed : 

No. I, 50 feet of the 2d Sandstone; No. 2, 80 feet of gray and 
crystalline silico-magnesian limestone, somewhat clouded with flesh- 
colored spots and bluish bands ; No. 3, 50 feet of blue and white 
ferruginous chert, interstratified with hard, compact and flesh-colored 
silicious limestone; No. 4, 190 feet like No. 2, save some beds are hard, 
"Compact, buff or flesh-colored silicious limestone; No. 5, 20 feet of 
light-drab, fine grained crystalline silico-magnesian limestone, often 
islightlj tinged with peach-blossom, and beautifully clouded with darker 
;spots and bands of the same hue or flesh-color. It is distinctly stratified 
in beds of medium thickness; No. 6, 50 feet like No. 2 ; No. 7, 30 feet 
'of the 3d Sandstone. 

It also covers large areas in the south-east mining region. It is the 
.great mineral-bearing rock of Missouri. 

The jd Sandstone is a white, saccharoidal sandstone, made up of 
-slightly cohering, transparent, globular and angular particles of silex. 
It shows but little appearance of stratification, yet the well marked lines 
■of deposition, like those of a Missouri sand-bar, indicate its formation in 
;moving water, on the Niangua and Osage. 

The 4th Magncsian Limestone presents more permanent and uniform 
lithological characters than any other of the Magnesian limestones. It 
is usually a grayish-buff, coarse-grained, crystalline Magnesian limestone, 
containing a few crevices filled with less indurated silicious matter. Its 
thick, uniform beds contain but little chert. The best exposures of this 
formati.on are on the Niangua and Osage Rivers. 

This Magnesian Limestone Series is very interesting, both in its 
scientific and economical relations. It covers a large portion of south- 
ern and south-eastern Missouri, is remarkable for its extensive caves and 
springs, and contains all the vast deposits of lead, zinc, copper, cobalt, 
ores of iron, and nearly all the marble beds of the State. It indeed 
contains a large part of all our mineral wealth. 

TJie lower part of the ist Magnesian limestone, the Saccharoidal sand- 
jstone, dae 2d Magnesian limestone, the 2d Sandstone, and the upper part 
■of the 3d Magnesian limestone belong, without doubt, to the age of the 
'Calciferous sand-rock ; but the remainder of the series, to the Potsdam 
isandstone. 

VII — Azoic Rocks. — Below the Silurian rocks, as above described, 
"we find a series of Silicious and other slates, which contain no remains 
of organic life. These rocks, therefore, we refer to the so-called 
Azoic Ase. 



77© CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

In Pilot Knob we have a good exposition of these Azoic Strata. The 
lower fossiliferous rocks rest non-con formably on these strata. 

Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks. — There is a series of rounded 
knobs and hills in St. Francois, Iron, Dent, and the neighboring counties, 
which are principally made up o{ granite , porphyry , syenite and greenstone.. 
These Igneous and Metamorphic rocks contain some of those wonderful 
beds of Specular Iron, of which Iron and Shepherd Mountains are samples.. 
This iron ore often occurs in regular veins in the porphyry. 

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. 

In the short space allotted me, it will be possible to give a mere out- 
line only of the wonderful events, which transpired during the formation 
of the rocks above described, and the development of our State into its 
present physical condition. 

If we go back to the time when this continent began to emerge from 
tJie primeval ocean, the geological record will inform us that Pilot 
Knob, Shepherd Mountain, and some of the neighboring heights, were 
among the first portions of land that appeared above the waters. When 
Pilot Knob became an island, there was an unbroken ocean on all sides, 
save an island to the north-west, the top of the Black Hills, a larger 
cluster to the north-east, in New York and Canada, and a small cluster 
to the south-west. 

These islands were formed in the Azoic Seas by the eruptions that 
forced up the porphyry, granite, the azoic slates and iron beds of Pilot 
Knob, and the neighboring heights. 

In the tranquil cycles which succeeded, the ocean was peopled with 
innumerable species of MoUusca, Zoophytes, Protozoans and Trilobites. 
Plants too appeared in the waters. But for some reason these animals 
were not abundant in the waters about Pilot Knob. 

This is what we call the Age of MoNusks; and in it were deposited the 
series of magnesian limestones and sandstones, so largely developed in 
the southern and eastern portions of the State. In the middle portion 
of this age, moUusks, with conical shells as large as saw-logs, made their 
appearance. 

Towards the close of this age the higher portions of south-east Mis- 
souri became dry land, and the surrounding waters were filled with vast 
numbers of Corals, Trilobites, bivalve, spiral and conical shells. At the 
end of the Age of Mollusks, the land emerged as high up the Mississippi 
as Louisiana, and all that portion of the State colored yellow on the 
map, became dry land ; and the waters of the Pacific and Atlantic were 
separated by a chain of islands along the line of the Upper Mississippi 
and the Great Lakes, and the St. Lawrence. 

The next period, the Age of Fishes, was characterized by tranquil seas 
filled with coral reefs, around which sported the primeval fishes. Huge 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 771 

Nautili spread their sails over the placid waters, and plants clothed the 
rising continent in green. At the close of this age the Pacific retired a 
little to the north-west, and left a narrow belt of Devonian rocks along its 
sinuous shores. These are colored in green on the map. 

For many cycles the seas remained tranquil and continued to be filled 
with numerous fishes, corals, stone lilies, trilobites, star fish and algse, 
while the vast beds of Carboniferous limestone were deposited. Rep- 
tiles and insects appeared upon the land. But toward the close of this 
period turbulent times intervened. Rocks were broken up, rounded to 
boulders and pebbles, or ground to sand, and drifted to the sea and 
piled into vast beds, in the central portions of the Mississippi Valley. 

St. Louis now rose above the waters and formed a peninsula which had 
its connection to the South with the older part of the continent. A 
shallow bay extended around St. Louis to the north and west. It 
widened out over all the coal regions of Illinois and Kentucky, and out 
into the Pacific through St. Charles. All north-west Missouri, and the 
coal regions of Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Arkansas and the Indian Terri- 
tory were covered with warm shallow waters, steaming under the rays of 
tropical suns. 

A hot atmosphere filled with vapor and carbonic acid nourished the 
rapid growth of trees, ferns, lepidodendrous sigillaria, and other plants in 
vast forests. Steaming marshes, fens and lagoons abounded. The lands 
were many times raised and submerged, and the forests swept away into 
vast beds, which formed the coal deposits over more than 100,000 square 
miles in the States above named. The turbulent waters deposited the 
clays and sands intercalated with the coal beds. Clear, tranquil waters 
returned filled with fishes, mollusks and corals, and the limestones of the 
coal-measures were deposited. 

Such changes followed each other in some twenty successive courses, 
revolving through the vast cycles of the Age of Plants. 

At the close of this period the Pacific had retired westward to Sioux 
City and Manhattan ; the Gulf of Mexico extended up as high as Cape 
Girardeau, and a part of Scott County was a large island. 

During the succeeding Age of Reptiles, while the vast saurians, like the 
Zeuglodon, were sporting in the waters that covered the Lower Missis- 
sippi Valley, and the flying Pterodactyli were flapping their wings over 
the shores of the Pacific, in Wyoming and Colorado, Missouri was quies- 
cent, producing her quota of animal and vegetable life. 

In the succeeding Age of Mammals Missouri remained as before, but 
the regions bordering on the Gulf of Mexico and those on the Upper 
Missouri and westward to the Pacific, underwent various depressions and 
elevations by which several dynasties of wonderful animals were buried 
in the rocks which now contain their remains. At the close of this vast 
period the continent assumed its present form, with some unimportant 



772 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

exceptions. The Gulf of Mexico still extended above the mouth of the 
Ohio. Our large rivers had cut their present channels to depths varying 
from loo to 500 feet, and in width from i to 10 miles. Mighty waters 
poured over the solid strata and wore for themselves these vast channels 
to the sea. 

But a change came over the continent. Some mighty power of water 
or ice, or both, swept over the surface, grinding the softer rocks to atoms 
and rounding the harder into pebbles. Vast boulders were moved hun- 
dreds of miles and dropped in strange places. 

Another change, and a large part of the Upper Mississippi and the 
Lower Missouri Valleys were covered with a vast fresh water lake. The 
land was covered with forests similar to our own. The land and waters 
were peopled with many of our present races of animals. The beaver 
built his dams as now. The squirrel ate the same mast and the deer 
cropped the same herbage. But the huge elephant and mastodon were 
then lords of the soil. The ^/«^ formation was deposited in this lake. 
Another change and the lake was gradually drained and the waters sub- 
sided to the channels of the rivers. The currents of the great rivers 
were sluggish, their waters were spread from bluff to bluff, and the Bot- 
tom Prairie was deposited, covering the valleys of our great rivers. 

Again the level changed, the great rivers became more rapid, and cut 
their present channels in the Bottom Prairie. 

The alluvial deposits were formed, the gulf was driven back to its 
present limits, the swamp country was added to our State, the soil was 
formed, and Missouri was finished. 

The Age of Man commenced, and the Geological Record gives place 
to History. 

DEVELOPMENT AND NATURAL SELECTION. 

But in this countless array of animals, whose orders and genera and 
species have come and gone through the vast cycles since Pilot Knob 
announced the rising continent, among them all, do we find one species 
of animal developed from another? Nay, verily. 

Species come without progenitors, maintain their identity for countless 
ages, and utterly perish, leaving nothing developed to call them 
ancestors. 

But have not the species, and genera, and orders, improved by natural 
selection ? Not at all. 

When we examine through their whole existence, they degenerate 
rather than improve. In some instances they do improve for a time ; 
but in almost all instances they retrograde again, and finally perish mis- 
erably. 

The Trilobite was one of the first animals that appeared in the prime- 
val ocean ; he lived through the entire palaeozoic period. They some- 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 773 

times improved and sometimes degenerated ; but finally they dwindled 
down to a few insignificant species, and utterly perished. 

The Trilobite stood at the head of the primitive orders. He had the 
world for his field and all time was before him. He perished by no 
catastrophe ; and yet natural selection did not improve him, much less 
save him from utter extinction. 

At the close of the Age of Mammals, the elephant and mastodon were 
at the head of the order on this continent. They had space enough, 
climates enough, time enough, and none to molest or make them afraid, 
and yet natural selection did not save them. They dwindled away and 
died out. 

The genus Cyrtia and the species Spirifer cameratus, and a thousand 
others, might be named to show that natural selection, where it had the 
widest field, the longest time, and the most favorable circumstances, 
failed utterly to make a new species. Such at least, is the testimony of 
the rocks of Missouri. 

III. MINES AND USEFUL MINERALS. 

There is no territory of equal extent on the continent, which contains 
so many and such large quantities of the most useful minerals as the 
State of Missouri. Some good fortune has set the boundaries of this 
State around a portion of country filled with an unusual amount of the 
mineral snbstances useful in the arts and manufactures. Several of those 
most useful are found in such quantities that the supply is virtually 
inexhaustible. There are some that no demand for home consumption, 
or for foreign supplies, can exhaust within the time allotted for the rise, 
progress and decay of nations. 

Only small portions of the precious metals have been discovered in 
Missouri ; nor is it desirable that there should be more. It is true that 
deposits of silver and gold concentrate populations very rapidly, and 
yield many large fortunes; but history does not show that countries 
yielding silver and gold have been permanently more prosperous. Gold 
built up California very rapidly, and it is now filled with a great and 
prosperous people; but gold does not keep them there, nor does it induce 
the present immigration. The beautiful climate and wonderful agricul- 
tural resources are its great present attractions. 

The most important mineral resources of the State are Iron and Lead, 
but as these have been treated of under distinct heads, the reader is 
referred to the articles bearing those headings, on pages 731 and 745. 

If Missouri will work up her iron and coal, she may become as 
powerful and rich as England. She has more territory and better soil, 
more and better iron, and quite as much coal. 

People who work iron partake of its strong and hardy nature. They 



774 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

move the world and shape its destinies. The region tributary to St. 
Louis, has more of the very best varieties of iron ore than can be found 
available for any other locality in the known world; and the facilities 
for working these vast deposits are unsurpassed. The country is well 
watered ; timber is abundant ; and all is surrounded by inexhaustible 
coal beds. These facts alone will make St. Louis the great iron mart of 
the country. 

CoaL — Mineral coal has done much to promote the rapid progress of 
the present century. Commerce and manufactures could not have 
reached their present unprecedented prosperity without its aid ; and no 
people can expect great success in those departments of human industry 
unless their territory furnishes an abundance of this useful mineral. 

It was known that coal existed in several counties in the State ; but 
there was no knowledge of its vast extent, until the explorations of the 
Geological Survey made known the great extent of our coal deposits. 

The south-eastern boundary of the coal measures has been traced 
from the mouth of the Des Moines, through Clark, Lewis, Scotland, 
Adair, Macon, Shelby, Monroe, Audrain, Callaway, Boone, Cooper, 
Pettis, Benton, Henry, St. Clair, Bates, Vernon, Cedar, Dade, Barton, 
and Jasper, into the Indian Territory, and every county on the north-west 
of this line is [known to contain more or less coal, giving us an area of 
over 26,000 square miles of coal beds in that part of the State. Vast 
quantities of coal exist in Johnson, Pettis Lafayette, Cass, Cooper, Chari- 
ton, Howard, Boone, Saline, Putnam, Adair, Macon, Carroll, Ray, Calla- 
way, Audrain, and the counties to the north-west will prove to be as rich 
when fully examined. Outside of the coal field as given above, the regular 
coal rocks also exist in Ralls, Montgomery, Warren, St. Charles, Calla- 
way and St. Louis, and local deposits of cannel and bituminous coal in 
Moniteau, Cole, Morgan, Crawford, Lincoln, Callaway, and probably 
other counties. Workable beds of good coal exist in nearly all places 
where the coal measures are developed, as some of the best beds are 
near their base, and must crop out on the borders of the coal field. This 
is found to be the fact where examinations have been made. All of the 
little outliers along the border contain more or less coal, though the 
•strata are not more than 40 or 50 feet thick. But exclusive of these out- 
liers and local deposits, we have an area of 26,800 square miles of the 
regular coal-measures. If the average thickness of workable coal be one 
foot only, it will give 26,800,000,000 tons for the whole area occupied 
by coal rocks. But in many places the thickness of the workable beds 
is over 15 feet, and the least estimate that can be made for the whole 
area is 5 feet. This will give over 134,000,000,000 tons of good, 
available coal in our State. 

Such were our estimates of the coal in Missouri in 1855. Since then 
ii€W beds have opened in the area above designated and large tracts 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 775 

discovered in other parts of the State, along the whole line of the south- 
eastern outcrop of the lower coal strata, from the mouth of the Des 
Moines to the Indian Territory. Along the lines of all the railroads in 
North Missouri, and along the western end of the Missouri Pacific, active 
and systematic mining has opened our coal beds in a thousand localities, 
and developed a series of facts which render it absolutely certain that 
our former estimate falls far below the real quantity in the State. Prior 
to 1855 no coal beds had been discovered on the Missouri River 
between Kansas City and Sioux City, save a few thin beds in the upper 
coal measures, and practical men were slow to believe the geologist could 
detect the existence of coal beneath the surface. But some brave men 
at Leavenworth City have sunk a shaft to one of the lowest coal beds, 
700 feet beneath their city, and more than 500 feet below the Missouri 
River at that point. The success of this enterprise proves the deductions 
of science, that our lower coal beds, which crop out along the eastern 
boundary of our coal-field, from Clark county to Vernon, dip beneath 
the surface and extend to the west as far, at least, as Leavenworth, or 
beyond the western boundary of Missouri. 

This and other similar developments prove that our estimate of the coal 
in the State at 134,000,000,000 tons is much too small. But since that is 
enough, we need not make new figures. But it is not the coal of Mis- 
souri alone, which is tributary to St. Louis. The 12,000 square miles of 
coal measures in Kansas, as much more in the Indian Territory and 
Arkansas, and still larger areas in Iowa, Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky, 
are so located as to form around St. Louis a circle of fuel at once acces- 
sible and inexhaustible. 

Economical Value of Our Coal.— Coal is but one remove from 
the diamond ; but that slight difference makes it vastly more valuable— 
the motive power of the world. Could all the millions of men on the 
earth live a thousand years, and put forth all their strength for that 
whole period, the power exerted would sink into insignificance when 
compared with the latent power inherent in this circle of coal-fields. 
What crow?i, then, can be more fitting for this queen city than this circle 
of coal-fields ^^';;/w<f^ with mountains of iron! 

In our efforts to appreciate the value of so vast a deposit of this most 
useful mineral, and its influence on the growth of the State, we should 
constantly bear in mind the position of these beds, beneath the soil of 
one of the richest agricultural regions on the continent, within a State 
whose manufacturing and commercial facilities and resources are scarcely 
inferior to any, and adjacent to the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, and 
our numerous railroads, and especially to the two great trans-continental 
lines. 

Copper.— Several varieties of copper ore exist in the Missouri mines. 
The copper mines of Shannon, Madison and Franklin Counties have 



776 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

been known for a long time. Some of those in Shannon and Franklin 
were once worked with bright prospects of success, and some in Mad- 
ison have yielded good results for many years. 

Deposits of copper have been discovered in Dent, Crawford, Benton, 
Maries, Green, Lawrence, Dade, Taney, Dallas, Phelps, Reynolds and 
Wright Counties. But the mines in Franklin, Shannon, Madison, 
Crawford, Dent and Washington give greater promise of yielding profit- 
able results than any other yet discovered. When capitalists are pre- 
pared to work those mines in a systematic manner, they may expect 
good returns for the money invested. 

Zinc. — Sulphuret of zinc is very abundant in nearly all the lead mines 
in south-western Missouri, particularly in the mines of Newton and 
Jasper, in the mountain limestone. The carbonate and the silicate occur 
in the same localities, though in much smaller quantities. Zinc ores are 
also found in greater or less abundance in all the counties on the A. & 
P. R. R., but the distance from market and the difficulties in smelting 
the most abundant of these ores, — the sulphuret — has prevented the 
miners from appreciating its real value. It often occurred in such large 
masses as to impede very materially the progress of mining operations. 
For this reason black-jack was no favorite with the miners of the south- 
west. Many thousand tons had been cast aside with the rubbish as so 
much worthless matter, but the completion of the A. & P. R. R. has 
given this ore a market, and converted into valuable merchandise the 
vast quantities of it which may be so easily obtained in Jasper, Newton, 
and other counties of the south-west. Considerable quantities of the 
sulphuret, carbonate and silicate also occur in the eastern lead regions 3 — 
at Perry's Mine, at Mount Hope Mine, near Potosi, at Frund Mine, 
Jefferson County, and in other localities. Little has been done to test 
the value of the ores of zinc in these and other localities in the State, 
but a beginning has been made with promising results. There is an 
extensive vein of calamine in Taney County, which will doubtless prove 
very valuable. 

Cobalt exists in considerable quantities at Mine LaMotte. It has 
been found in one other locality. 

Nickel is also worked at Mine LaMotte in considerable quantities. 

Manganese. — The peroxide of manganese has been found in several 
localities in Ste. Genevieve and other counties. 

Silver occurs in small quantities in nearly all the lead mines in the 
State, in combination with the lead. 

Gold, though often reported In sundry localities, has never been prof- 
itably worked in any part of the State. 

Tin. — Ores said to have large quantities of tin, have attracted much 
attention, and much money and labor have been spent in efforts to mine 
and reduce them, but as yet without pecuniary success. 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 777 

Platinum has been reported by some explorers as existing in small 
quantities in scienitic dykes in Madison County. But I could never 
detect any in the localities pointed out by those who reported its dis- 
covery. 

Marble. — Missouri has numerous and extensive beds of marble of 
various shades and qualities. Some of them are very valuable, and will 
become a very important item in the State resources. 

Fort Scott Marble is a hard, black, fine grained marble, with veins of 
yellow, buff and brown. It receives a fine polish, and is very beautiful. 
It belongs to the Coal Measures, and is found in several places in Kansas 
near the Missouri line, and doubtless extends into Missouri. 

There are several beds in the St. Louis limestone, in St. Louis County, 
which have attracted some attention as fine marbles. Some of them are 
very beautiful and durable. 

The 4th division of Encrinital Limestone is a white, coarse-grained, 
crystalline marble of great durability. It crops out in several places in 
Marion County. One of the best localities is in the bluffs of the Missis- 
sippi, between McFarland's Branch and the Fabius. The Lithographic 
Limestone will furnish a fine, hard-grained, bluish-drab marble, that 
would contrast finely with white varieties, in tessellated pavements for 
halls and courts. 

The Cooper marble of the Onondaga Limestone has numerous pellucid 
crystals of calcareous spar disseminated through a drab or bluish-drab, 
fine, compact base. It exists in great quantities on La Mine River, in 
Cooper County, on Lee's Creek, and in some other places in Marion 
County. It is admirably adapted to many ornamental uses. There are 
many extensive beds of fine variegated marbles in the upper Silurian lime- 
stones of Cape Girardeau County. They crop out in many places extend- 
ing from Apple Creek, on the northern boundary of the county to Cape 
Girardeau, and thence along the bluffs facing the swamps to the south- 
west. Cape Girardeau marble is also a part of the Trenton Limestone 
located near Cape Girardeau. It is nearly white, strong and durable. 
This bed is also found near Glencoe, St. Louis County. 

There are several beds of very excellent marble in the Magnesian 
Limestone series. Near Ironton are several beds of semi-crystalline, 
light-colored marbles, beautifully clouded with buff and flesh colors. 
They receive a fine polish, are durable, and well fitted for many varieties 
of ornamental work and building purposes. But one of the most desira- 
ble of the Missouri marbles is in the 3d Magnesian Limestone on the 
Niangua: It is a fine-grained, crystalline, silico-magnesian limestone, 
light-drab, slightly tinged with peach blossom, and beautifully clouded 
with deep flesh-colored shades. It is 20 feet thick, and crops out in the 
bluffs of the Niangua for a long distance. This marble is rarely surpassed 
in the qualities adapted to ornamental architecture. 



778 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

There are also several other beds in this and the other magnesian 
limestones. Some are plain white, others are so clouded as to present 
the appearance of breccias. The beautiful Ozark marbles are well 
known. Some of them have been used in ornamenting the Capitol at 
Washington and for other purposes. Wherever the magnesian lime- 
stones come near the igneous rocks, we may expect to find them so 
changed as to present beds of these beautiful variegated marbles. Many 
of our marbles have been used in St. Louis for various purposes. 

Limestones. — There is a great variety of excellent limestones in all 
parts of Missouri, which will furnish any quantity of the best materials 
for that class of building stones. Some of these limestones have been 
much used, and others will supply the increasing demand, as the means 
of transportation are extended to interior localities. 

Hydraulic Limes are abundant in numerous localities. Some of 
them have been tested with good results. The middle beds of the 
Vermicular Sandstone in Cooper and Marion Counties are hydraulic. 
The upper beds of the Lithographic Limestone in Marion, Ralls and 
Pike Counties, possess marked hydraulic properties ; and several lime- 
stones in Cape Girardeau County appear to be hydraulic. 

The upper beds of the Chouteau Limestone in Boone, Cooper, Moni- 
teau, Pettis and other counties are in the highest degree hydraulic. 
They resemble the hydraulic strata at Louisville. The uppper and 
lower strata of the Hudson River Group have the same properties. 
The same is true of some portions of the Magnesian Limestone series, as 
developed in some parts of south Missouri. From these sources we may 
confidently expect an abundant supply for home consumption and all 
demands for exportation. 

Gypsum. — Though no extensive beds of gypsum have been found in 
Missouri, there are vast beds of the pure white crystalline variety on the 
line of the Kansas Pacific Railroad, on Kansas River, and on Gypsum 
Creek. In is also found in several other localities accessible to Missouri 
by both rail and boat, as at Fort Dodge in Iowa, and on the Republican 
and Blue Rivers in Kansas. 

Sulphate of Baryta, in its pure white form, is very abundant in 
Missouri. It occurs in large beds in the mining regions, as the gangue 
of our lead veins, and as large masses, especially in the magnesian lime- 
stones of the Lower Silurian rocks. It is largely utilized as a pigment in 
connection with lead. It may be made valuable for the same purposes 
in connection with some of our ferruginous and argillaceous paints. Its 
weight and durability will give these materials more body and stability. 

Quick Lime. — All of the limestone formations in the State, from the 
coal measures to the Fourth Magnesian, have more or less strata of very 
nearly pure carbonate of lime, which will consequently make good 
quick lime. 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 779 

Clays. — Potters' clay is found in great abundance and worked m 
many localities in the State. 

Kaolin has been discovered at a few places, and worked at one or 
two. 

Brick Clays have been found and worked in nearly all the counties 
where there has been a demand for them. The argillaceous portions of 
the bluff formation make good brick, as shown in the brick yards of 
nearly all the towns on our large rivers. The brick yards of St. Louis 
are supplied from this source. Some of the tertiary clays will make the 
very best brick. 

Fire Bricks are manufactured from the fire-clays of the lower coal 
series in St. Louis County. These bricks possess fine refractory proper- 
ties. There are many beds of fire-clay in the Coal Measures. Some beds 
of the Hudson River Group in Ralls and Pike Counties, of the Hamil- 
ton Group in Pike and Marion, and of the Vermicular Sandstone and 
Shales on North River, seem to possess all the qualities of the very best 
fire-clays. The quantity of these clays is great, almost beyond computa- 
tion. No possible demand could exhaust it. Good fire-clays exist in 
all the north-eastern counties. 

Fire Rock has often been observed. Some of the more silicious beds 
of the Coal Measures are very refractory. The upper strata of the Ferru- 
ginous Sandstones, some arenaceous beds of the Encrinital Limestone, the 
upper part of the Chouteau Limestone, and the fine-grained, impure beds 
of the Magnesian Limestones, all possess qualities which will enable them 
to withstand the action of fire. But the Second and Third Sandstones, 
used in the furnaces at Iron Mountain and Pilot Kjiob, are the most 
refractory rocks yet examined. 

Paints. — There are several beds of purple shales in the Coal Measures 
which possess the properties requisite for paints used in outside work. 
Yellow and red ochres are found in considerable quantities on the Mis- 
souri River. Some of these paints have been thoroughly tested, and 
found fire-proof and durable. There are extensive beds of ferruginous 
clays, which will make paints of the very best qualities for all the shades 
of brown and dark red. These ores mixed with baryta and lead will 
make excellent and beautiful pigments. 

Sandstones, of various shades of buff, red and brown, occur in all the 
geological systems of the State. Many of them are firm and durable, 
and they present colors suited to various styles of architecture. They 
also furnish an abundance of fire-rocks. 

Granite and Sienite of several varieties occur in Missouri. The 
most abundant is a coarse-grained, red granite of great beauty as a build- 
ing material for heavy, strong work. Some of the beds of this granite 
are quite durable, but the most of it is readily decomposed by atmos- 
pheric influences. We also have fine gray granites and sienites and 



78o CAMPBELVS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

diorites, which split and work well, and are the most durable, substantial 
and desirable of all our building stones. 

Road Materials. — Missouri has a large abundance of the very best 
materials for streets and roads. Limestones of the very hardest and 
most durable kinds occur everywhere. The Green Stone, Trap, Sien- 
ite and Gray Granites of Madison and the adjoining counties, will make 
most excellent block paving. But the red granite is usually too coarse 
and brittle, and decomposes too rapidly for paving stones. 

Pebbles and Gravels are also abundant in the Drift and in the beds of 
many of our streams. These materials in the Drift are of the most dura- 
ble kinds, and would make better streets than limestone McAdam. 
There are inexhaustible quantities of this gravel and pebbles in St. Louis 
and several other counties. 

This brief and general view of the deposits of useful minerals in Mis- 
souri, shows that nature has been lavish of the materials necessary for 
the growth and stability of a populous State. If, in connection with 
these vast and varied mineral products, we take into view the well 
known facts that Missouri and the adjacent States possess soils of wonder- 
ful fertility, and in varieties suited to all the staple crops and fruits of 
the temperate zone ; that the whole region is intersected by rivers and 
creeks, and watered by countless living springs, that it is supplied with 
boundless forests of nearly every variety of the best timber on the conti- 
nent ; that numerous railroads and thousands of miles of river navigation 
center here ; that we are in the great highway of the moving populations 
of both hemispheres, we shall have more of the causes and conditions of 
growth, wealth and permanence than have ever surrounded any people 
of ancient or modern times. 

IV. WATERS OF MISSOURI. 

But few portions of the world are so well watered as Missouri. 
Springs in vast numbers, great variety, and of all sizes, come welling up 
to refresh and beautify in all parts of the State. Streams, too, scarcely- 
equalled in size, beauty and variety, water every part of our territory. 

Navigable Waters. — The Mississippi washes the entire eastern bor- 
der of the State, a distance of 500 miles. The Missouri washes the western 
boundary from the north-east corner southward some 250 miles, to the 
mouth of the Kansas, and thence south of east, through the heart of the 
State, to its junction with the Mississippi. 

Besides, these two mighty rivers have many tributaries within the 
State, which are more or less navigable for steamboats, keel boats and 
barges. On the right bank of the Missouri, the Gasconade, the Osage, 
and La Mine are navigable. The lumber business of the Gascon- 
ade makes its navigation a matter of importance. The trade of the 
towns on the Osage has induced steamers to make regulars trips as high 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, 781 

as Warsaw. Barges and keel boats might pass up as high as the State 
Line. On the left bank, the Platte, Chariton and Grand River are nav- 
igable for keel boats and barges, and even steamboats have made some 
few trips on their waters. The Des Moines, Salt River and the Mara- 
mec, the St. Francois and White Rivers have been navigated by boats 
on a few important occasions. 

Smaller Streams. — The are a vast number of smaller streams, such as 
are called rivers, creeks and branches. A glance at the map will show 
how well these are distributed over the entire surface, supplying an 
abundance of water to all parts of the State. 

Springs. — The State is well supplied with bold springs of pure waters. 
Out of the bottoms, there is scarcely a section of land but has one or 
more perennial springs of good water. Many of these springs are large, 
even beyond the conception of those who have not seen the rivers which 
flow from them and drive the mills and machinery placed upon their 
waters. One may serve as a sample. Bryce's Spring on the Niangua, 
drives a large flouring-mill, and flows away a rapid river 42 yards in 
width. These vast springs are very numerous in the south part of the 
State. 

Salt Springs are very abundant in the central part of the State. 
They discharge vast quantities of brine, in Cooper, Saline, Howard and 
the adjoining counties. These brines are near the navigable waters of 
the Missouri, in the midst of an abundance of wood and coal, and might 
furnish salt enough to supply all the markets of the continent. Consid- 
erable salt was made in Cooper and Howard at an early day. 

Sulphur Springs are also numerous throughout the State. The 
Chouteau Springs in Cooper, the Monagaw Springs in St. Clair, the 
Elk Springs in Pike, and the Cheltenham Springs in St. Louis County, 
have acquired considerable reputation as salubrious waters, and have 
become popular places of resort. There are good sulphur springs in 
many other counties of the State, and the waters of most of them are 
similar to the waters of the Chouteau and Elk Springs. 

Chalybeate Springs. — There are a great many springs in the State 
which are impregnated with some of the salts of iron. Those contain- 
ing carbonates and sulphates are most abundant ; some of these have 
acquired considerable reputation as medicinal waters. Sweet Springs, 
on the Blackwater, and the Chalybeate Spring in the University cam- 
pus, are perhaps the most popular of the kind in the State. 

Petroleum Springs. — Tar and Oil Springs, as they are called, are 
found in Carroll, Ray, Randolph, Cass, Lafayette, Bates, Vernon and 
other counties of the State. Many of these springs discharge consid- 
erable quantities of oil. The variety called lubricating oil, is the more 
common. It is impossible to say with certainty whether petroleum 
will be found in paying quantities in these localities; but the fact 



782- CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

that it has been flowing from springs in such quantities would indi- 
cate some abundant source ; and there is scarcely a doubt that there are 
reservoirs of considerable quantities. Where these reservoirs are, no 
one can tell with certainty, and all explorations, as even in the best 
petroleum regions, must be undertaken in a considerable degree of 
uncertainty. 

Water PoAver. — There are numberless streams that might be dammed 
and made to drive machinery. Such places are most numerous in the 
southern part of the State, where the streams have rock beds to support 
the dams and make them permanent. I have noticed excellent localities 
of the kind on the Osage, Niangua, Pomme de Terre, Sac, Spring River, 
Big River, Castor, Maramec, Bourbeuse, Gasconade, Currant River, 
White River, Grand River, La Mine, etc. But the most valuable water- 
powers are the large springs which are so abundant throughout nearly- 
all the counties in the southern part of the State. Many of these springs 
are now used to drive mills of various kinds. They are particularly 
abundant on the waters of the Maramec, Gasconade, Bourbeuse, Osage, 
Niangua, Spring, White, Sugar, Big, Currant, Little and Black Rivers. 

No water power can excel that at Bryce's Spring, on the Niangua. 
It discharges about 11,000,000 cubic feet of water per diem, with no 
perceptible variation of temperature or quality. The temperature is 
about 60° Fahrenheit, so warm that no ice forms in it to obstruct the 
machinery ; and the quantity is so regular that the machinist may know 
how much power it will exert each hour from the beginning to the end 
of the year, and can construct his dams and machinery economically, 
with just enough strength to meet the necessities of the case; where- 
as, in streams, the uncertain rise and fall of the water, and ice are 
sources pf great loss and annoyance. 

There are hundreds of these springs sufficiently large to drive mills 
and factories; and the time is not far distant when these vast limpid 
fountains will make a thousand burrs and saws whirl to their dashing 
music. 

v.— PRAIRIE. 

Many articles have been written to show "How the prairies were 
made," but the more appropriate question would be, "How the forests 
were made," since the prairie preceded the forests, and the forests are 
constantly encroaching upon the prairies. 

When the country emerged from the waters which last covered it, the 
marls of the bluff formation occupied nearly all the surface of the State, 
and a rank vegetation of grasses and other plants sprang up, forming one 
vast prairie. Young trees grew with the other vegetation, but the fires 
which overran the country killed them out of the dryer and richer por- 
tions. They grew apace where the fires were too weak, by reason of 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 783 

water or a scarcity of vegetation, to destroy them. As the forests 
increased in size, they acquired power to withstand and check the fires ; 
and thus they have gradually encroached upon the prairie, until more 
than one-half of the State is covered by our magnificent forests. 

If a line be drawn from Hannibal to the south-west corner of the 
State, much of that portion to the north-west of the line will be 
prairie, and that on the south-east of it will be timber. Large areas of 
timber skirt the streams and cover portions of the uplands on the 
prairie side, and long arms of the prairie extend along the divides into 
the timbered side, as from Macon down along the St. Louis, Kansas City 
and Northern Railway to St. Charles, from Cass eastward along the 
Pacific Railroad to Cole, and from Newton up along the highlands through 
Greene to Webster and eastward ; and small patches of it checker the 
whole timbered region, even to the swamps of the south-east. 

The bottom prairies are level, and often sublime in their vast extent ; 
while upland prairies are rolling and grand in their endless succession of 
undulation, like the ocean subsiding from the effects of a storm. 

VI — TIMBER. 

The followmg trees of Missouri will show a great variety of the very 
best kinds of lumber for domestic, farm and manufacturing purposes : 
Pine, walnut, cherry, ash, maple, birch, hickory, oak, linden, cotton-wood, 
poplar, and sweet, black and yellow gum, cedar, cypress, sycamore, 
locust, coffee-tree, elm, pecan, chestnut, tulip tree, (the "white and 
yellow poplar" of Kentucky and southern Missouri,) beech, willow, 
hackberry, mulberry, tupelo, catalpa, ironwood, hornbeam and box- 
elder are found in great abundance in the State and some of them in all 
their known varieties. There are six species of hickory, three of locust, 
eighteen of oak, and varieties of other trees in like proportion. All 
these kinds of trees grow very large in our deep rich soils and our warm 
climate. The following, selected from the catalogue, will give an idea 
of the vast size to which these trees grow in our State : Sycamores, 130 
feet high and 43 feet in circumference ; cypress, 130 feet high and 29 feet 
in circumference; walnuts, no feet high, and 22 feet in circumference. 

But no figures, no descriptions can give an idea of the grandeur and 
glorious beauty of our forests. Like Niagara, they must be seen, exam- 
ined from above and below, and reexamined, visited and revisited before 
they can be fully appreciated. One must walk in the midst of these 
mighty monarchs of the forest until he feels like a pigmy among giants ; 
and must admire the grape-vines hanging like huge cables from their 
lofty branches, and mingling their purple clusters with the highest 
foliage, and the large orange flowers of the trumpet-creeper, and the 
crimson foliage of the American ivy, warming and beautifying their 



784 CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

sombre shades ; he must see these glories before he can appreciate the 
sublime beauty and grandeur of our forests. 

Here, too, the utilitarian can find woods suitable for all the useful 
purposes to which they are applied. Millions of these varieties of 
lumber are destroyed every year in opening farms. Meanwhile we are 
importing millions in furniture and agricultural implements, and lumber 
for the various kinds of carpentry. There is poor economy in importing 
furniture from the Ohio and its tributaries, when we are destroying upon 
our farms more and better lumber of the same varieties, every year. 

VII. SOILS. 

In the resources of the State, the soils must stand in the first rank, 
since they are the great source of national prosperity and power, and the 
basis of individual wealth and happiness. Adam commenced dressing 
the soil in Eden, and his successors have ever found its cultivation their 
most useful and delightful employment. No department of agricultural 
science is more defective than the classification and nomenclature of 
soils. 

The varieties of soil pass into each other by such minute gradations 
that it is well nigh impossible to point out any definite lines of separa- 
tion. In the popular nomenclature we have some very general names, 
which are very definite when considered in some of their relations, as 
timbered lands and prairie lands. These names do not indicate the quality 
of the soils any further than they are produced by these relations. To 
the same class of names belong bottom lands and uplands, sometimes 
called bluff lands. These terms, like those named above, point out an 
important natural division of our soils, though they have no reference 
to the fertility of those in either division. Each division contains soils 
of all grades of productiveness, from the best to the poorest. And yet 
the timbered lands have one advantage over the prairie. If two soils be 
taken side by side, both based upon the same formation and both subject 
to the same influences^during their formation, save one has produced trees 
and the other grasses, and the trees have decayed on the one and the 
grasses have been burned on the other — the former will have more 
decaying vegetable matter, and will be lighter, warmer, and more kindly 
in cultivation. But if both be put under the same culture, this differ- 
ence will gradually disappear, as the vegetable matter will decrease in 
the one and increase in the other. This difference in these classes of 
soil, rendered the timber lands much the more popular among the older 
settlers. 

The Prairie Lands occupy nearly one-half of the entire area of the 
State. They possess all the varieties of soil found in the timber, and 
are identical with them, save in the differences above named. The grasses 
are as diversified and as distinctly mark the varieties of soil on the 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 785 

prairies, as do the trees in the timber. The resin-weed, crow-foot, and 
wild sorghum, indicate as good soils on the prairies as do the elm, hick- 
ory and walnut in the timber. But, as the trees are more conspicuous 
and better known, the varieties of soils are best known by the timber 
they produce. 

These divisions of soils have other natural distinctions well marked 
by location, as bottom timber and upland titnber. The former is in the 
river bottoms, and the latter in the highlands. So also we have bottom 
prairie and upland prairie. These lands are still further divided so as to 
indicate the quality of the soil with a marked degree of certainty by 
their natural productions, their chemical composition, and by their 
physical structure. The determination of the qualities of soils by the 
natufal productions, is best understood by our farmers, as all are well 
aware that the soil that produces hackberry and elm, is much better than 
the soil that produces black-jack and black hickory ; that the former will 
yield abundant crops, while the latter will produce but a very inferior 
growth. In this division are those soils marked by the growth of partic- 
ular trees and shrubs, from which they derive their names. 

Hackberry Lands possess the best upland soils in the State. The 
growth is hackberry, elm, wild cherry, honey-locust, coffee tree, pignut 
hickory, chestnut and burr oak, black and white walnut, mulberry, 
linden and papaw. 

The Crow-foot Lands of the prairie region have soils very similar in 
•quality to the hackberry lands, and these two soils generally join each 
other where the timber and prairie lands meet. These soils, covering 
.about 6,500,000 acres, abound in the western counties, from Atchison 
to Cass, and eastward to Saline and Howard. They also cover small 
areas in other parts of the State. The productive and durable qualities 
of this soils are surpassed by none in the country. It has sufficient 
sand for the water to drain off rapidly in wet weather, and enough of 
clay, lime, magnesia and humus to retain the moisture in the dry. It 
rests on a bed of fine silicious marls, which will render it perpetually 
fertile under deep tillage. These productive poweis are well illustrated 
in the gigantic forests and luxuriant grasses produced by it. White 
oaks grow upon it 29 feet in circumference, and 100 feet high; linden, 
23 feet in circumference, and 100 feet high ; burr oak and sycamore 
grow still larger. Herds of buffalo, elk and deer were entirely concealed 
from the hunter by the tall prairie grasses on the crow-foot lands. 

Hemp, tobacco, corn and the cereals grow upon it in great luxuriance, 
.and no soil is better adapted to fruits of all kinds. These 6,500,000 
acres of the best land on the continent, are capable of feeding and sus- 
taining 2,000,000 people. A population of 1,000,000 could live on these 
rich, broad acres in comfort and luxury. 

Mlm Lands are but little inferior to the hackberry. The name is 



786 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 

derived from the American elm, which grows so large and abundant in 
the magnificent forests of these lands. The principal growth is elm, hack- 
berry, honey locust, black walnut, cherry, blue ash, black oak, redbud, 
ami jjapaw. This soil has about the same properties as the hackberry 
soil;, save that the sand is finer and the clay more abundant, owing to 
the finer nature of the marls from which it is derived. This soil abounds, 
interspersed with hackberry lands, in the region above named ; and in 
the east, it covers large areas in Marion, Monroe, Boone, Coojjer, St. 
Louis, Greene and many other counties. 

The Resin Weed Lands of the prairie, have about the same quality 
of soil, and occupy an area of about 3,000,000 acres. Its heavy 
forests and luxuriant prairie grasses, and its chemical properties, clearly 
indicate its great fertility ; and the marls upon which it is based fully 
assure its durability. A grape-vine growing on this soil was 22 inches in 
circumference, and 180 feet long, and an elm 22 feet in circumference, 
and 90 feet high. Hemp, tobacco, corn, wheat and other staple crops 
grow luxuriantly, and all kinds of fruits, adapted to the climate, do 
well. 

Hickory Lands hold the grade next to the elm lands, and are character- 
ized by a growth of white and shell-bark hickory, black, scarlet and laurel 
oaks, sugar maple, persimmon, dogwood, haw, redbud and crab-apple. In 
the south-east the tulip tree, beech and black gum, grow on soils of about 
the same quality. This soil is more clayey and not so deep, and has a sub- 
soil more impervious, and the underlying marls have less sand and lime and 
more clay. Large areas of prairie in the north-east and south-west have 
soils of nearly the same quality, often called "mulatto soils" in some parts 
of the State. There is also a soil based upon the red clays of Southern 
Missouri of about the same quality. It is a highly productive soil,, 
which is greatly improved and rendered more durable by deep culture. 
Our farmers hold it in high estimation for the culture of corn, wheat and 
other cereals, and the grasses. Its blue-grass pastures are equal, if not 
superior, to any in the State. Fruit is cultivated with marked success. 
The area is very great in the central and eastern counties north of the 
Missouri, and in many of those south — 6,000,000 acres may be a fair 
estimate of the area. 

White Oak Lands occupy ridges where the lighter materials of the 
soil have been washed away. They sustain a growth of white and black 
oak, shell-bark and black hickory, dogwood, sassafras, redbud and 
fragrant sumach. The surface soil is not so rich in humus as the last 
variety, but the sub-soil is quite as good, and the underlying marls not so 
clayey and impervious. In many places the sub-soil is better than the 
surface, and the land may be greatly improved by turning it to the 
surface. The white oak ridges produce superior wheat, good corn and 
the finest quality of tobacco. Grapes, peaches, and other fruits yield 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 787 

abundant and sure crops. This soil occupies many of the ridges in the 
region north of the Missouri and east of the Chariton, and those south 
of the former river and north of the Osage, as well as some south of the 
Osage and the Missouri — 1,500,000 acres may be a fair estimate. 

Post Oak Lands occupy ridges generally on the south side of the Osage,, 
and produce post and black oak, hickory, sassafras, dogwood and sumach. 
The growth is about the same as the white oak ridges, substituting the 
post for white oak. This soil is based upon a light colored marl, with, 
less lime and sand than is found in the marls underlying the white oak 
ridges ; but it produces good crops of the staples of the country, and has 
for several years yielded the best tobacco of the West. Fruits of all varie- 
ties cultivated in our latitude excel on this soil. Deep culture will render 
this land more productive and durable. The area covered by post oak 
lands is very large, but not definitely known — probably 3,000,000 acres. 

Black Jack Lands have few trees, save black jack and black hickory ; 
sometimes a few grapes and some sumach. They occupy the high flint 
ridges which are usually underlaid with hornstone and sandstone, and some 
strata of magnesian limestone. The sub-soil is usually a lifeless sandy clay, 
and the soil full of fragments of flint. This is the poorest soil in the State,, 
and will be of little use save for pastures and vineyards. The cultivation 
of grapes on these flint ridges will be more expensive, but the juices may- 
be rich enough to pay the extra expense. They will produce excellent 
wines, and become profitable grape lands when wines shall be more 
esteemed for their quality than their quantity. These lands occupy a 
large portion of the flint and sandstone ridges on the south of the Osage, 
perhaps 3,000,000 acres. 

Pine Lands have a growth of pine, post, white and black oak, black 
hickory, dogwood and sassafras. They have an inferior, sandy soil, and 
occupy the plateaus, hills and ridges of southern Missouri, which are 
underlaid by the sandstones of the magnesian limestone series. The area 
of this soil is not fully determined, but it will not be less than 2,000,000 
acres. The soil is sandy and thin, and would be greatly benefited by 
clay and humus ; but plaster and clover, or buckwheat, are the most avail- 
able means of improvement. 

Other soils are better determined by a consideration of both the trees 
they produce and the rocks from which they are derived. Of this class 
are the 

Magnesian Limestone Soils, which are based upon and derived from the 
magnesian limestone or mineral bearing series of southern Missouri, and 
produce black and white walnut, black gum, white and whahoo elms, 
sugar maple, honey locust, rock chestnut, scarlet and laurel oaks, blue 
ash, white and shell-bark hickory, buckeye, hazel, sumach and dogwood. 
These lands occupy the slopes, hillsides and narrow valleys of the southern 
and south-eastern part of the State, and the northern slopes of the Missouri 



788 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 

east of Boone County. The soil is dark, light and warm, rich in lime, 
magnesia and humus. It is very productive and durable. The region 
occupied by it is often so broken as to be inconvenient for ordinary cul- 
ture in farm crops. It is, however, well adapted to fruit. It covers an 
area of 10,000,000 acres. 

This large area, extending from the Missouri River to Arkansas, and 
from Marshfield to Cape Girardeau, is a table-land varying in the elevation 
from 500 to 1,500 feet. It is cut by deep winding valleys in the south 
and north, and broken into knobs and ridges towards the east. Large, 
"bold springs of pure, cool waters gush from every hillside, and fill the 
valleys with limpid streams. Magnificent forests abound, and wild grapes 
everywhere mingle their purple clusters with the foliage of the elm and 
the oak, the mulberry and the buckeye. 

The climate is delightful. The winters are short and mild, the 
summers long and temperate. Its skies vie with those of Italy, and its 
fountains and streams, valleys and mountains, equal their favored proto- 
types in classic Greece. , No soil can surpass this for the grape, and the 
mild winters and long summers, favored by the warm dry winds of the 
south-west, are most favorable for maturing their rich juices. 

Such are the soils on the uplands of Missouri. The bottom lands are 
not less important and interesting. They present the following varie- 
ties. The whole is divided into Bottom Prairie and Botto7n Timber : 

Bottom Prairie has a light, rich, deep, dark and productive soil, 
clothed with luxuriant native grasses, among which a species of sorghum 
is conspicuous. Before these savannas were pastured, the grasses grew to 
a height varying from 5 to 10 feet. 

The bottom prairie soil is rich in all the elements of fertility. It 
is deep and light, and but slightly affected by excessive wet or dry 
weather. Hemp, tobacco, and all the staple crops grow on it with great 
luxuriance. The bottom prairie covers a large portion of the Missouri 
Bottoms above Glasgow, and some considerable areas in St. Charles, 
Marion and the south-eastern counties on the Mississippi. Some of 
these prairies on the Missouri are 20 or 30 miles long, and from 2 to 10 
miles wide — as the broad Wyaconda and Huppan Cuty. The area of 
these lands is constantly decreasing by the action of the river and the 
encroachments of the forests; but there still remains about 1,000,000 
acres of these rich and beautiful natural meadows. 

The Bottom Timber has several natural divisions, well recognized by 
the people of the country, and designated as "high bottom," "low 
bottom," "wet bottom" or "swamp" and "cypress." 

High Bottoms have a deep, porous and rich sandy soil, which produces 
a gigantic growth of elm, sugar maple, white ash, cherry, locust, linden, 
sweet gum, buckeye, burr, red, Spanish, swamp and scarlet oaks, thick 
shell-bark hickory, hackberry, pecan, black walnut, plum and mulberry. 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 789 

Grape-vines, trumpet and Virginia creepers, poison oak, wistaria and 
staff-tree climb the highest trees, and mingle their scarlet and purple 
flowers and fruits with their highest foliage. 

The fertility of this soil is well attested by its chemical properties, and 
the large trees grown upon it. The following, among other samples, 
were measured in 1857: 



Sycamore, 


43 feet in circu 


tnference, 65 feet high. 


Catalpa, 


10 ** * 


90 « « 


Cypress, 


29 '* 


t. 1^0 it it 


Cottonwood, 


30 " 


izS « « 


Black Walnut, 


22 « « 


t jio «* ic 


Spanish Oak, 


26 " * 


90 " " 


Grape Vine, 


33 inches * 


* 160 " long. 



This soil covers about 2,000,000 acres, occupying all the bottoms which 
are above the usual high waters along our rivers. It is very productive, 
and so deep and porous that the crops are but little affected by dry and 
wet seasons. Hemp, corn, tobacco, and the cereals, are produced in 
rich abundance. 

Low Bottoms have a soil similar to the high bottoms, but they are so 
low as to be covered with water at ordinary overflow. Sycamore, 
Cottonwood, white maple, box-elder, red birch, buckeye, hackberry, 
willow, river and frost grapes and poison ivy, are the most common 
productions. They grow to vast proportions. The overflows render 
these lands nearly useless for farming purposes ; but when the floods are 
kept out by levees, they are most productive and valuable. There are 
large areas of these lands in South-east Missouri — in the State nearly 
1,000,000 acres. 

Swamp and Wet Bottom are terms usually applied to a variety of 
bottom lands very similar to the two preceding, but differing in being so 
located as to be saturated with or nearly covered by water. This excess 
of water renders them useless for ordinary culture. They sustain a 
heavy growth of pin, swamp and red oaks, holly, spice bush, white and 
black ash, red birch, box-elder, button bush, sycamore, cottonwood, 
whahoo elm, sweet gum, water locust, white and red maple, poison oak, 
frost and river grapes. 

Cypress. — This name is given to low bottoms which are covered by 
standing water for a large part of the year. The decomposition of 
vegetable matter in these waters adds a new deposit of vegetable mould 
annually to their rich soil, which sustains a very heavy growth of cypress, 
tupelo, sour gum, water locust, white and red maple, pin and Spanish 
oaks. These cypresses are numerous and very extensive in South-east 
Missouri. Buffalo Cypress and Honey Cypress are good samples. The 
central and wettest portions of them usually have deposits of bog ore. 
These soils are useless for ordinary farming purposes ; but their timber 



790 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISS O URL 

is unique, abundant and valuable. The area of swamp and cypress lands 
will reach 1,000,000 acres. 

Such are the soils of Missouri, as they are recognized by the people of 
the State from their natural productions; and a large range of chemical 
analyses fully sustain the popular estimate of these lands as to fertility. 
The area attributed to each has been determined with tolerable accuracy 
by observations extended over nearly every county of the Stat^ for a 
period of 20 years. 



MISSOURI POTTERY CLAYS. 

By Hugh M. Thompson, St. Louis, 

Great abundance and variety of nearly all the desirable articles nec- 
essary in the manufacture of all kinds of pottery, exist in Missouri. 

Its geological formations embrace great compass, including the rocks 
of the early, middle and later ages — such as granite, sandstone, porphyry ^ 
feld spar, flint, marble, slate, limestone, etc., many of which in the 
earlier periods, have been subjected to terrible upheavals, electrical and 
chemical action and slow decay, making deposits in various localities, of 
clays of great value — approximating by weight, the same value as silver. 
In the hands of skilled artists, and nice manipulations of manufacture, 
with them the choicest gems and designs in pottery may be produced. 

Entering into use among the commonest articles of household neces- 
sities, it rises from the li-ttle brown jug of common stoneware, runs along 
up through the yellow porringer and its tribe, to the quadroon, common 
C. C, and on to the neater white granite wares used in gentler circles — 
plain, or variously decorated, as it comes to us from the English pot- 
teries;, or the still neater French china sets, from Sevres, assuming its 
greatest beauty and value in the beautiful statuettes and fine ornaments of 
jewelry, nearly equalling in beauty and appearance the most costly pre- 
cious stones. 

It should be the ambition of Americans to take up the experience and 
perfections of the past in pottery, and applying cultivated mind and 
skill to the materials so abundant at home, to supply the demands of the 
nation, in this line — and excel in it, as we do already in many other 
industries. 

True kaolins (or decomposed feld spar), have been found in a few 
places in Missouri, and of late in Texas. 

TTie clays in Bollinger and Cape Girardeau Counties are very good, but 
not true kaolins. They seem to be decomposed chert and flint. Very 



MISSOURI PO TTER V CLA YS. 791 

good clays exist a few miles south of Kaolin, in Iron County, where the 
enterprising but now aged Capt. Elihu Shepard, potted successfully. 
His works were destroyed during the late war, and abandoned. The 
wares he made are said to have been very good. 

South of Fredericktown, Madison County, at several points, very good 
Icaolins and clays exist, whilst 5 miles west of Fredericktown, good cornish 
stone is abundant. 

In Jefferson County, some of the best ball clay known, is found in 
several places. These are convenient to railroad, and very desirable. 
Choice clays have been brought to us also from many other counties. 

The fire clays of Cheltenham, St. Louis County, stand first among 
their class, in the world. 

At several points, but more especially about 6 or 7 miles west of Cape 
Girardeau, decomposed flint of excellent quality exists in great abun- 
dance. In Europe this is not the case. Nearly all the flint there has 
to be calcined before used. 

Feld spar of excellent vitrifying qualities, containing much potash, is 
found at several places in Ste. Genevieve County, and it is known to exist 
elsewhere, but we have never tried any of it. 

Quartz rock and silica abound, very pure and easy of access, in several 
localities. Baryta and fluor spar are also abundant in Missouri and 
Illinois, whilst Kansas has large quantities of gypsum, or plaster of Paris, 
.all of which are desirable, and may be cheaply delivered at St. Louis for 
manufacturing purposes. In its infancy, as potting is at present, potting 
materials are not developed as the future will unfold them. Enough, 
liowever, is known to justify the conclusion, that every grade of clay 
and kaolin exists in this western country, for making all grades of pottery 
wares, even to the best of Parian marbles and transparent china. If 
taken hold of as the iron interest has been of late, with sufficient capital 
to work enterprises to advantage and perfection, St. Louis will at an early 
day, become extensively and profitably engaged in the production of 
•queensware — establishing a successful rivalry with foreign makers in 
every respect. 

The importations of crockery amount to nearly $7,000,000 annually. 
The English potteries alone give employment to about 100.000 opera- 
tives, backed with millions of capital, and send their wares into all 
nations. 

There are nearly 200 kilns in this country engaged in manufacturing 
the different classes of hollow and table ware. Trenton, N. J., is at 
]:)resent the leading potting city in the United States, having 56 kilns. 
East Liverpool, Ohio, ranks next in importance, working over 50 kilns.' 
Cincinnati has 12 kilns. 

The clays of Missouri and Illinois are extensively used at these estab- 
lishments. St. Louis is, however, one of their best markets. Our clays 



792 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURL 



go to their works, are made up, and returned to be sold here, necessita- 
ting expenditures for freights both ways, and large losses by breakages. 
This should not be, for the following reasons: ist. We have a very 
large home market. 2d. The raw material is abundant, and cheaper here 
than anywhere else. 3d. Fuel is abundant and suitable. 4th. Labor may 
be had here as economically, and of as good quality as elsewhere. 
5th. With home market, protective tariff, and saving in freights and 
breakages, and the advantages above enumerated, St. Louis should cer- 
tainly be able to consume her own raw material, and out-rival foreign or 
domestic competition, and become the potting Staffordshire of America. 




POTTERY WORKS OF H. M. THOMPSON & CO., ST. LOUIS. 



FRAGMENT OF COL. AUG. CHOUTEAU'S JOURNAL.* 



In the year 1 762, M. D' Abadie, at that time Director General and Com- 
mandant of Louisiana, granted to a Company the exclusive trade with the 
savages of the Missouri, and all the nations residing west of the Missis- 
sippi, for the term of eight years. This company was formed under the 
name of M. Laclede Liguest, Antoine Moxan & Company. Imme- 
diately after the terms and conditions were signed with the French Gov- 
ernment, they took measures to import from Europe all the merchandise 
necessary to sustain, on a large scale, their commerce, which they pro- 
posed to extend as much as possible. While waiting for the arrival of the 
goods which they had ordered in Europe, they formed a considerable 
armament, at the head of which was placed M. Laclede Liguest, known 
as a man of great merit, capable, from his experience, of conducting with 
skill and prudence, the interests of the company. He left New Orleans 
the 3rd of August, 1 763, and arrived in Illinois the 3rd November fol- 
lowing. 

Observe, that all the establishments which the French had on the left 
bank of the Mississippi, were ceded to the English by the treaty of 1762, 
and that upon the right bank, which remained to the French, there was 
only the small village of Ste. Genevieve, in which M. De Laclede could 
not find a house capable of containing one-fourth of his merchandise, 
M. De Neyon, Commandant of Fort de Chartres, learning the embarrass- 
ment of M. De Laclede, sent an officer to him, to tell him that he could 
offer him a place for his goods, until the English should come to take pos- 
session. Necessity made him accept this generous offer of M. De Neyon. 
He left Ste. Genevieve, and arrived at Fort Chartres on the 3d of Novem- 
ber, 1763, where he disembarked all his goods, and prepared immediately 
all the supplies for the different nations. After all the business of the 
trade was done, he occupied himself with the means of forming an estab- 
lishment suitable for his commerce, Ste. Genevieve not suiting him, 
because of its distance from the Missouri, and its insalubrious situation. 
These reasons decided him to seek a more advantageous site. In conse- 

* R. A. Campbell, Esq.— St. Louis : 

Dear Sir— In reply to your inquiry about the "old scrap" or piece of journal written by Col. 
Auguste Chouteau, in regard to the founding and settlement of St. Louis, I make this statement : I was 
in the habit of visiting Gabriel S. Chouteau, Esq., son of Col. Auguste Chouteau, with whom I have 
been on intimate terms of personal friendship for nearly fifty years ; when, on one occasion, he handed 
tome the original manuscript of this journal in the hand-writing of Col. Chouteau, written in the French 
language. By the kindness of Gabriel S. Chouteau, Esq., he gave the manuscript to me, and which I 
presented to the St. Louis Mercantile Library, for and in the name of Gabriel S. Chouteau, Esq. 

I am, with very great respect, etc., John F. Darby. 

St. Louis, Missouri, 9th May, 1874. 



794 CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISS OUR L 

quence, he set out from the Fort de Chartres in the month of December, 
took with him a young man in his confidence, and examined all the 
ground from the Fort de Chartres to the Missouri. He was delighted to 
see the situation (where St. Louis at present stands) ; he did not hesitate 
a moment to form there the establishment that he proposed. Besides the 
beauty of the site, he found there all the advantages that one could desire 
to found a settlement which might become very considerable hereafter. 
After having examined all thoroughly, he fixed upon the place where he 
wished to form his settlement, marked with his own hand some trees, and 
said to Chouteau, " You will come here as soon as navigation opens, and 
will cause this place to be cleared, in order to form our settlement after 
the plan that I shall give you." We set out immediately afterwards, to 
return to Fort de Chartres, where he said, with enthusiasm, to Monsieur 
De Neyon, and to his officers, that he had found a situation where he was 
going to form a settlement, which might become, hereafter, one of the 
finest cities of America — so many advantages were embraced in this site, 
by its locality and its central position, for forming settlements. He was 
occupied the rest of the winter in procuring all things necessary for the 
settlement — men, provisions, tools, etc. 

Navigation being open in the early part of February, he fitted out a 
boat, in which he put thirty men, — nearly all mechanics, — and he gave 
the charge of it to Chouteau, and said to him: "You will proceed and 
land at the place where we marked the trees ; you will commence to have 
the place cleared, and build a large shed to contain the provisions and 
the tools, and some small cabins, to lodge the men. I give you two men 
on whom you can depend, who will aid you very much ; and I will rejoin 
you before long." I arrived at the place designated on the 14th of Feb- 
ruary, and, on the morning of the next day, I put the men to work. 
They commenced the shed, which was built in a short time, and the little 
cabins for the men were built in the vicinity. In the early part of April, 
Laclede arrived among us. He occupied himself with his settlement, 
fixed the place where he wished to build his house, laid a plan of the vil- 
lage which he wished to found, (and he named it Saint Louis, in honor 
of Louis XV, whose subject he expected to remain, for a long time ; — he 
never imagined he was a subject of the King of Spain) ; and ordered me 
to follow the plan exactly, because he could not remain any longer with 
us. He was obliged to proceed to Fort de Chartres, to remove the goods 
that he had in the fort, before the arrival of the English, who were ex- 
pected every day to take possession of it. I followed, to the best of my 
ability, his plan, and used the utmost diligence to accelerate the building 
of the house. 



PETTIS COUNTY. 

The estimation in which Campbell's Gazetteer of Missouri is held by all classes of 
citizens is shown by the following partial List of Subscribers : 



SEDALIA. 

Name, Business or Profession. Mi'ssouri" 

P. G. Stafford, Abstracts of Title, 

(Stafford & Hewett) 1861 

John F. Philips, Attorney at Law, 

(Philips & Vest) born 

Heard & Bro., Attorneys at Law born 

C P. Townsley, Attorney at Law, 

(Townsley & Bro.) 1838 

Wm. H. H. Hill, Attornay at Law. born 
Crandall & Sinnett: f C. 1861 

Attorneys at Law \ S. 1865 

Jno. Montgomery, Jr., Att'y at Law. 1857 

W. L. Felix, Attorney at Law born 

Sampson & Bro., Attorneys at Law. 1865 
Geo. M. Maverick, Attorney at Law. 1872 

J. G. Sloan, Attorney at law 

S. A. Wardan, Attorney at Law 1863 

Geo. C. Brunell, Attorney at Law... 1873 
Jno. S. Cochran, Attorney at Law... 1865 

Henry Lamm, Attorney at Law 1867 

A. H. Jaynes, Banker 1865 

BOOTS AND SHOES. 

Mackey & Phipps, Wholesale Dealers 1 867 

Porter Bros., Wholesale and Retail. 1868 

John Burkhart, Man'fr. and Dealer. 1866 

H. Van Hall, Man'fr. and Dealer. 1868 

Jno. M. Kulmer, Man'fr and Dealer. 1866 
Walker & Kelk, Prop's Eastern Car- 
riage Works. Manufacturers of all 

kinds of Carriages 

Peter Kuhn, Man'fr. of Cigars 1868 

H. H. Lucking, Man'fr. of Cigars. 1867 
W. H. Russell, China, Glass and 

Notions 1871 

Francis W. Graham, Catholic Priest. 1859 

Blair Brothers, Clothiers 

AVm. P. Cousley, Contractor & Builder 1 868 
•Sicher Brothers, Confectioners — 

wholesale and retail 1853 

Henry Lamm, Circuit Clerk 1869 

R. H. Moses, County Clerk 1866 

J. D. Crawford, County Recorder... born 
R. T. Miller, Druggists. (Bard & 

Miller) 1844 

E. W. Bixby, Druggist & Apothecary 
McClure & McCreary, Druggists.... 
Mertz & Hale, Manuf'g Druggists... 1872 
Clute Brothers, Diy Goods — retail... 1871 
H. Levy & Bro., Dry Goods, Cloth- 
ing & Carpets — wholesale & retail 1858 
G. L. Faulhaber, Express Agent... 1857 
A. McVey, Farmer 1838 



Name, Business or Profession. 



Settled in 
Missouri. 



T. V. L. Harvey, Farmer 1841 

Geo.Husmann, Florist & Nurseryman 1839 

Theo. Hoberecht & Bro., Proprs. 

Sedalia Flouring Mills 1841 

John McHenry, Sec'y and Treas. 

Sedalia Foundry <& Machine Co... 1872 

A. H. Randall, Man'fr. Parlor Furn- 
iture and Upholstery 1867 

Hillis & Simmons, Dealers in Furn- 
iture, and Undertakers 1866 

J. F. Antes, Pres't Gas Light Co '859 

J. K. Yeater, Grocer — wholesale 

and retail born 

Hall & Beiler, Grocers — wholesale 
and retail 1861 

W. W. Cecil, Grocer — staple and 
fancy 1831 

A. B. Codding, Grocer — staple and 
fancy 1867 

Evans, Fletcher & Co., Dealers in 
Iron, Hardware, Carriage and 

Wagon material 

Bixby & Houx, Hardware and Stoves 1847 
John W. Siebe, Hardware and Stoves 1851 

F.J. Ott, Hides, Skins and Furs 1854 

Val. Hamburg, Wholesale and Retail 

Horse Collar Manufactory 1856 

Geo. T. Brown & Co., Prop's Ives 

House 1867 

Barrett & Newman, Prop's Ilgin 

House 

Matthias Zener, Insurance and Ren- 
tal Agent 1865 

J. H. Gest, Fire and Life Insurance 
Agency 1868 

B. H. Ingram, Life Insurance Ag't. born 

F. L. Robbins, Livery , 1867 

Farnham & Gilman, Livei-y 

Jno. Kulmer, Liverj', 5th near Ohio. 1866 
White & Meyer, Lumber Merchants. 1866 
Richard Ritter, Lumber Merchant. 1866 

C. H. Gauss, Lumber Merchant born 

E. T. Brown, East Sedalia 1863 

Clay & Hathaway, Proprs. Sedalia 

Marble Works 

Yost & Schupp, Proprs. Sedalia Meal 

& Feed Mill 1846 

A. Y. Hull, Editor of Z'^'woo-rt/' 1866 

C. A. Leach, Editor of Times 1872 

J. West Goodwin, Editor of Bazoo... 1866 
S. M. Morrison, Notions — wholesale. 1864 

E. R. Young, Sedalia Nursery 1869 

Dugan & Carr, Painters 1872 



796 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 



Name, Business or Profession! Missouri. 
SED ALI A — Continued. 

Wm. Latour, Photographer 1854 

J. B. Jones, M. D 1867 

E. C. & W. H. Evans, Physicians, 

Oculists and Aurists bom 

T.J.Montgomery, M.D.(M.& Trader) 1857 

A. H. Conkwright, M. D 1858 

A. C. Christy, M. D 1840 

A. C. Jones, M. D., " Homoeopath" 1868 

Ira S. Bronson, M.D., East Sedalia. 1873 

Benj. Hawes, Postmaster 1866 

R. S. Stevens, Gen. Manager M. K. 

& T. R. R 1870 

G. B. Simonds, Master Mechanic M. 

P. R. R 1872 

W, S. Hough, Foreman M. P. R. R. 1873 

J. C. Pusey, Clerk M. P. R. R 1872 

Major & Looney, Real Estate and 

Central Missouri Loan Agents 1848 



,, o , n r • Settled in 

Name, Business or Profession. Missouri. 

James M. Byler, Real Estate Agent 

and Investigator 

G. R. Smith, Real Estate Owner 1833 

John H. Andrus, Real Estate Owner. 1841 

Joseph Tice, Real Estate Owner born 

Edward Brown, Real Estate Owner. 1868 
C. M. A. Chany, Real Estate Owner. 1838 
Wm. G. Moore, Real Estate Owner. 1854 
McCormack's Reapers and Mowers, 

Frank Cray croft, Gen'l Agent 1864 

John Kaiser, Restaurant and Con- 
fectioner 1856 

Sicher Brothers, Restaurant and Con- 
fectioners 1853 

Henry Suess, Saddle & Harness Mfr. 1 857 
Louis Kumm & Co., Soap Man'frs. 
Geo. W. Ready, Sup't City Schools. 1867 
Geo. Scheer, Manufacturer of Scheer 

Wagon, and light work 1838 

Chas. G. Taylor, Watchmaker „ 1865 



WARREN COUNTY. 



WARRENTON. 

A. Ackerman, Attorney 

J. A. Howell, Abstract of Titles 

R. T. Stoneberger, Abstract of Titles 

F. Morsey, Attorney 

Frank T. Williams, Attorney 

J P. Tisserand, Cabinet Maker 

George Block, Clerk County Court... 

W. R. Gibbs, Clerk 

Gustav Reicke, Clerk Circuit Court.. 

Geo. H. Stoneberger, Clerk 

Library — College 

A. Ackerman, Editor 

Speed & Morgan, Editors « 

Wm. Schaden, Hotel 

G. D. Buck, Mechanic 

J. R. Hentz, Mechanic 

H. S. Smith, Mechanic 

John H. Faulkner, Merchant 

Raedurse & Brant, Merchants 

Rev. Greenup Jackman, Christian Ch. 

A. H. Rice, Photographer 

H. H. Middlekamp, Physician 

H. Koch, President, College 

J. Asling, Professor, College 

J. H. Frick, Professor, College 

E. P. Koch, Professor, College 

C. Steingrover, Professor, College... 

H. Voshell, Professor, College 

R. Ritter, School Commissioner 

George Adducks, Student 

Thomas B. Foster, Student 

Henry Koum, Student 

J. Pfuff, Student 

Edward G. Ruehl, Student 

Henry S. Sauer, Student 

D. M. Vosker, Student 



O. R. Wilderbrant, Surveyor 

A. W. Graham, Teacher 

M. Rorhman, Teacher 

G. A. Wiltz, Teacher 

August Blume, Farmer 

Laurence Butcher, Farmer 

O. S. Conklin, P'armer 

W. E. Crouch, Farmer 1854 

Charles Dunn, Farmer 

J. Ganon, Farmer 

H. Hohnhorst, Farmer 

E. Jewett, Farmer 

C. M. Johnson, Farmer 

E. Kountz, Farmer bom 

Phillip Lee, Farmer 

John Louvouski, Farmer 

John C. Morris, Farmer 

James Reynolds, Farmer 

Gott Rucker, Farmer 

D. B. Sherman, Farmer 

Louis Slit, Farmer 

WRIGHT CITY. 

Thomas Martin, Blacksmith 

G. W. Holman, Clerk 

F. W. Schneider, Justice of Peace. 

Sam. E. Davis, Mechanic 

Chas. E. Bird, Merchant 

W. H. Jones, Merchant 

A. S. Loving, Physician 

Jas. D. Finn, R. R. Engineer 

Wm. Kent, Teacher 

M. M. Amall, Farmer 

John Cox, Farmer 

John Cropper, Farmer 

Samuel Cutshaw, Farmer 

N. Ely, Farmer 



LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 



797 



"Uame, Business or Profession. Missouri. 

WRIGHT CIllY— Continued. 

"R. H. Harbaum, Farmer 

R. R. Junnys, Farmer 

Royal J. Kennedy, Farmer 

James E. Learned, Farmer 

James E. Lewis, Farmer 

L. Loeb, Farmer 

"E. W. Moreman, Farmer 

Thomas No an. Farmer 

"W. B. Oglesby, Farmer 

C. W. Saxton, Farmer 

HOLSTEIN. 

.August Harbaum, Farmer born 

-Phillip Werner, Farmer i860 

PENDLETON. 

ITranz Hartz, Clerk 

J. P. Childs, Lumber and Saw Mill. 

J. W. Shelton, Teacher 

"H. R. Allen, Farmer 1842 

-Dan'l Brooks, Farmer 

Robt. L.Brooks, Farmer born 

.Moses D. Clark, Farmer 

Thomas H. Crouch, Farmer 1859 

E. A. Finck, Farmer 1867 

R. D. Graves, Farmer born 

Abraham G. Harris, Farmer 

'Charles L. Mason, Farmer 1854 



., - n r ■ Settled in 

Name, Business or Professioni Missouri. 

H. R. Rankin, Farmer 

J. V. Reeder, Farmer 

E. Ritter, Farmer born 

George L. Sampson, Farmer 

Julius Sprecht, Farmer i860 

H. Voigt, Farmer born 

Adam J. Yocum, Farmer, born 

John C. Young, Farmer 

PINCKNEY. 

Fred. Koch, Farmer 

Thomas G. May, Merchant 

PITTS. 

J. Bockhorst, Farmer 

G. Bohrman, Farmer 

C. Fleming, Farmer 

W. F. Gendeman, Farmer 

Rich Grupp, Farmer 

H. J. Horschmer, Farmer 

D. Huteman, Farmer 

Fred. Kuhman, Farmer 

H. C. Nolting, Farmer 

Charles Struck, FaiTner 

George Walmuck, Farmer 

F. Woltmarl, Farmer 

NORTH WASHINGTON. 

G. H. Gehe, Farmer 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



DANVILLE. 

Richard Windsor, Agent 

.Stuart Cartcener, Attorney 

E. M. Hughes, Attorney 

Robert W. Jones, Attorney 

A. O. Sanders, Attorney 

L. A. Thompson, Att'y & Ed. of Ray. 

J. A. McNaly, Banker 

.S. M. Barker, Carpenter 

S. S. Nowlin, Clerk Circuit ^Court... 

S. H. Barker, County Clerk 

Thos. M. Buck, Druggist 

H. H. Craig, Furniture 

Wm. H. Arnold, Hotel 

Robert Fulkerson, Hotel 

S. D. Ham, Justice of Peace 

J. W. Cloud, Merchant 

Jno. C. Ellis, Merchant 

S, J. Singleton, Merchant 

F. S. Clare, Physician 

S. L. Jenness, Prof. High School.... 

Archibald White, Sheriff. 

R. J. McCormick, Stockman 

W. P. Anderson, Farmer 1 849 

•Geo. A. Brownholtz, Farmer 1849 



Alfred Davis, Farmer 1870 

A. V. Davis, Farmer born 

Chas. L. Davis, Farmer 1870 

Thos. H. Entvicken, Farmer 1864 

Wm. Fristoe, Farmer bom 

Geo. H. Gott, Farmer born 

Alex. Graham, Farmer born 

Edmund Harris, Farmer born 

Jno. W. Hart, Farmer 1868 

James Hilter, Farmer 1840 

D. F. Knox, Farmer born 

F. C. Kolny, Farmer bom 

G. B. Leachman, Farmer 1865 

Wm. Lilly, Farmer 1872 

Alfred D. McElroy, Farmer 1849 

Jacob See, Farmer I&33 

J. D. Sharp, Farmer born 

Sam'l Stewart, Farmer bom 

HIGH HILL. 

W. A. Diggs, Attorney 

T. J. Clise, Merchant 

F. M. Craig, Merchant 

F. R. Jones, Painter 

J. L. L. Badger, Farmer 



798 



CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 



., D ' a c ' Settled in 

Name, Business or Profession, Missouri 

HIGH HIIjIj— Continued. 

J. T. Davidson, Farmer 

J. S. Diggs, Farmer 1859 

Thomas Hogge, Farmer dorn 

JONESBURG. 

H. W. Johnson, Attorney 

H. Godfrey, Blacksmith 

C. Weyerich, Bootmaker 

George Clark, Carpenter 

H. M. Janiieson, Dentist 

D. Kimble, Livery 

H. M. Wood, Lumber 

C. M. Hines, Merchant 

J. K. King, Miller 

A. Goran, Stockman i860 

Job. Price, Stockman 

J. Miller, Wagon Maker 

J. D. Anderson, Farmer dorn 

W. G. Cravens, Farmer 1858 

M. S. Davis, Farmer 1871 

N. M. Edwards, Farmer 1855 

C. D. Foreman, Farmer 

J. A. Furguson, Farmer 1857 

Richard Hayth, P'armer 1871 

Charles R. Hickson, Farmer 1873 

H. H. Hutchinson, Farmer i860 

Thomas Jackson, Farmer 1873 

Walter H. Jones, Farmer l>orn 

Henry King, Farmer 1869 

Walter Lewis, Farmer 

Robert A. Marshall, Farmer 1873 

Dr. D. R. Mitchell, Farmer 1870 

John Ochenhausen, Farmer 1865 

Thomas Owings, Farmer 

Dr. Hale Pitman, Farmer dorn 

E. R. Porter, Farmer 1873 

H. Poulain, Farmer 1871 

Henry D. Pratt, Farmer 1871 

E. PuUen, Farmer 1864 

T. Purl, Farmer i860 

W.J. Skinner, Farmer 1859 

J. B. Sullivan, Farmer 1872 

Clay Taylor, Farmer ^.,., i860 

W. W. Taylor, Farmer dom 

S. Thompson, Farmer 1861 

Wm. Voll, Farmer 1873 

L. B. R. Wells, Farmer..; 1853 

Charles L. Williams, Farmer 1869 

MIDDLETOWN. 

J. McKelvey 

Albert Craig, Attorney 

Martin Fournier, Blacksmith 

L. R. Gregg, Blacksmith 

W. J. Sanders, Blacksmith 

D. R. Glenn, Bridge Builder 

Isaac Hockaday, Capitalist 

A. Metcinger, Clerk 



No < or- Settled in 

ame, Business or Profession, Missouri. 

M. B. White, Clerk 

J. A. Anderson, Merchant 

D. Bounce, Merchant 

James Cline, Merchant 

Chas. L. Irvine, Merchant 

George A. Little, Merchant 

H. Looker, Merchant 

John C. Tucker, Merchant 

John C. Vcy, Merchant 

Henry A. Staines, Miller 

Josiah Whiteside, Miller 

Timothy Ford, Minister 

M. S. Warren, Physician 

Wm. Rickard, Saddler 

Richard Paris, Sewing Machines... 

James A. Conway, Shoemaker 

Robert Ewing, Stockman 

John Grigsby, Stockman 

Levi D. Putner, Stockman 

S. M. Hammock, Teacher 

Oliver Crane, Wheelwright 

W. W. Adams, Farmer 185S 

George Archer, Farmer 1849 

George Bennett, Farmer l>orn 

Charles Bishop, Farmer 1852 

J. R. Bray, F,armer 1848 

E. Buchanan, Farmer i860 

Frank Butters, Farmer dorn 

Charles J. Callaway, Farmer dorn 

Henry H. Camp, Farmer dorn 

Kennedy Chambers, Farmer dorn 

Thomas M. Chapman, Farmer dorn 

A, J. Chaulin, Farmer dorn 

J. C. Clark, Farmer dorn 

Thomas M. Crowel, Farmer 1859 

Samuel Crutcher, Farmer 1 848 

Wm. S. Davis, Farmer 1848 

A. C. Dillion, Farmer dorn 

George Dillion, Farmer dorn 

Charles Dover, Farmer dorn 

George Dugan, Farmer dorn 

Robert L. Ewing, Farmer 1872 

E. R. Farlow, Farmer 1865 

L. B. Farthing, Farmer dorn 

Martin Fish, Farmer dorn 

W. P. Fisher, Farmer dorti' 

B.C. Ford, Farmer 1865 

Henry A. Ford, Farmer dorn 

E.J. Fuller, Farmer 1847 

James L. Gatewood, Farmer dorn- 

John L. Gibbs, Farmer 1865 

Theo. A. Gibbs, Farmer dorn- 

Edw. Grehardt, Farmer 1864 

M. P. Haney, Farmer 1849 

Robert Harris, Farmer 1858 

Edward Hart, Farmer dorn 

J. H. Hiatt, Farmer 1856 

Wm. M. Holloway, Farmer 1842 

James M. Howell, Farmer 1859 

William Huff, F"armer i860 

J. B. Johnson, Farmer 1842 



LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 



799 



Name, Business or Profession. Mi'ssouri" 

MIDDLETOWN— C<7«/'m«^(/. 

A.J. Kearney, Farmer born 

J. B. Keely, Farmer 1856 

George Knapp, Farmer 1864 

William Layson, Farmar ,. born 

W. C. Logan, Farmer born 

Howard Malcolm, Farmer 1840 

Frank Mansfield, Farmer born 

Jeff. R. March, Farmer 1868 

John R. Marshall, Farmer 1852 

Rufus Marshall, Farmer born 

Alex. H. Martin, Farmer 1855 

H. D. Martin, Farmer born 

Charles E. May, Farmer born 

G. H. Merrill, Farmer 1859 

E. M. Miller, Farmer born 

R. G. Moone, Farmer born 

Edward Morton, Farmer 1865 

William Nanne, Farmer born 

Phillip Orr, Farmer born 

C. Parker, Farmer borti 

John Powers, Farmer born 

M. S. Price, Farmer born 

J. E. Quick, Farmer 1854 

C. M. Rawling, Farmer born 

J. H. Ray, Farmer born 

Abel Reuter, Farmer born 

Jeremiah Roberts, Farmer born 

Thomas M. Rowe, Farmer born 

H. W. Sheets, Farmer born 

P. A. Spears, Farmer born 

William Stokes, Farmer 1842 

W. B. Stoler, Farmer 1840 

Edward M. Stout, Farmer born 

David Taylor, Farmer born 

Henry Trainor, Farmer 1859 

Samuel Waddle, Farmer born 

J. L. Waters, Farmer 1870 

Lem. White, Farmer born 

MOT.TTGOMERY CITY. 

W. L. Gatewood, Attorney 

M. N. Mallerson, Banker 

Thomas R. Grant, Blacksmith 

J. M. Downey, Book-keeper 

Francis Starr, Book and Newsdealer 

J. A. McNeeley, Cashier 

J. S. Poindexter, Clerk 

Charles Potts, Clerk 

J. H. Strain, Clerk 

John Vogt, Contractor 

E. McGiil, Druggist 

H. Pokoke, Druggist 

F. C. Koenig, Dry Goods 

Ham & Bros., Dry Goods, Groceries 

W. S. Bryan, Editor Standard. 

J. Hamilton, Furniture 

R. M, Covington, Hotel 

A. Spinsby, Hotel 

Hiram Bladge, Insurance Agent 



Name, Business or Profession. Ilislouri! 

H. C. Lewis, Justice of the Peace... 

Thomas Ferguson, Livery 

George Teace, Mechanic 

George W. Walton, Mechanic 

Thomas H. Clare, Merchant 

Gordon & Winegar, Merchant 

J. R. Hance, Merchant 

A. T. Maupin, Merchant 

W. Temple, Merchant Tailor 

Wm. C. Shoemaker, Notary Public 

J. R. Bodine, Physician 

F. A. Hamilton, Physician 

Wm. E. Martin, Restaurant and Con^ 

fectioner 

D. Snether, Saddlery 

Alfred Hopkins, Saloon 

C. D. Harper, Stockman 

B. R. Hensley, Stockman 

R. H. See, Teacher 

Edward D. Wells, Teacher 

T. C. Baker, Wagon Maker 

R. W. Bishop, Farmer born 

T. W. Branett, Farmer born 

Stephen Doarn, Farmer born 

Robert Ellison, Farmer born 

A. O. Forshey, Farmer 1836 

John E. Green, Farmer 1859 

W. T. Hampton, Farmer born 

Geo. Hardin, Farmer born 

John Harris, Farmer born 

Webster Hunt, Farmer 1869 

F. T. Lewis, Farmer 1848 

G. T. Munns, Farmer born 

George Neely, Farmer born 

John Nelson, Farmer 1858 

Jas. AL Owings, Farmer born 

J. A. Patton, Farmer born 

Albert C. Rankin, Farmer 1870 

Charles Reed, Farmer *bortt 

James R. Scott, Farmer 1870 

Charles A. Simpson, Farmer i860 

Spencer Stevens, Farmer born 

G. J. Walker, Farmer 1846 

NEW FLORENCE. 

R. H. Mansfield, Attorney 

T. J. Powell, Attorney 

C. H. See, Attorney 

Job Keeney, Blacksmith 

J. C. Ford, Druggist 

J. W. Stewart, Hay Press 

Callaway & Bishop, Livery 

J. S. Fitzhugh, Lumlier 

John Wilson, Merchant 

P. Gill, Physician 

G. Gowan, Shoemaker 

Frank Patten, Teacher 

Carter Adams, Farmer born 

Taylor Barnard, Farmer bortt 

Z.Carter, Farmer 1864 

B. M. Coy, Farmer 1866 



8oo CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OE MISSOURI. 



Name, Business or Profession. Missouri" 
NEW YTJyBiE^QiR— Continued. 

Fred. Duvalt, Farmer horn 

John Duvalt, Farmer horn 

Albert Fullington, Farmer 1866 

E. O. Gott, Farmer horn 

Rich Gott, Farmer born 

Rich. J. Growant, Farmer 1873 

Wm. Knox, Farmer horn 

John Lloyd, Farmer born 

William F. Lloyd, Farmer bom 

Samuel See, Farmer bom 

E. B. Sutton, Farmer 1864 

William Woods, Farmer born 

PRICE'S BRANCH. 

Ford Henry, Merchant 

J. F. Tippet, Stockman 

R. Alexander, Farmer i860 

Rev. M. L. Cope, Farmer 1853 

W. W. Crocket, Farmer 1858 

D. W. Graves, Farmer 185S 

Henry Pearl, Farmer i860 

Calvin Watkins, Farmer 1858 

Dr. W. A. Willis, Farmer 1858 

WELLSVILLE. 

Edward D. Jordan, Abstract of Titles. 

John M. Barker, Attorney 

Matt. Mahoney, Blacksmith 

Jas. Peyton, Blacksmith 

Geo. Whitehead, Carpenter 

Henry A. Sharp, Cheese Factory 

W. R. Bunch, Clerk 

John J. Mclntire, Clerk 

E. D. Bethel, Furniture 

Sam'l L. Hayden, Hay Press 

John Bunch, Hotel 

Alsanson Day, Merchant 

Edmund Shepley, Miller 

Chas. S. Shumate, Minister 

A. F. Barnett, Physician 

Thomas Perry, Physician 

Thomas R. Peters, Physician 

L. S. Pitzer, Professor 

J. M. Turner, Saddler 

Thomas Hickerson, Stage Line 

John Beck, Stock 

James Gowen, Stock 

Charles H. Peters, Stock 

David Petty, Stockman 

J. Pickett, Stockman 

John P. Powers, Stock 

Enoch Steere, Stockman 



Name, Business or Profession, Mi"souri" 

S. P. Hays, Teacher 

James P. Martin, Teacher 

Charles Moten, Tinsmith 

Henry Erlinger, Wagon Maker 

George Bains, Farmer 1852 

George Barton, Farmer born 

Robert Blackshaw, Farmer , bom 

J. S. Blanchard, Farmer 1869 

John D. Boone, Farmer 1854 

John W. Boyd, Farmer 1854 

J. W. Boyer, Farmer born 

Samuel Broushall, Farmer 1864 

Daniel Brooks, Farmer 

H. V. Bunch, Farmer bom 

Jed. O. Caskell, Farmer born 

Robert Callaway, Farmer bom 

R. M. Coonyton, Farmer bom 

Milton Cox, Farmer horn 

Robert Craig, Farmer 1846 

Frank Duclos, Farmer bom 

Henry C. Ellis, Farmer 1847 

Charles Farlow, Farmer born 

David Field, Farmer 1869 

John P. Gibbs, Farmer bom 

Robert Gilliland, Farmer 1849 

A. R. Grigsby, Farmer born 

Samuel P. Haines, Farmer born 

W. R. Harris, Farmer born 

John Harrison, Farmer horn 

J. N. Haslip, Farmer horn 

W. H. Hawley, Farmer horn 

George M. Keith, Farmer bom 

Albert Majors, FaiTner bom 

Samuel Martin, Farmer bom 

William Martin, Farmer 1870 

Robert McCreary, Farmer 1866 

George H. Moore, Farmer 1848 

J. Norris, Farmer born 

Wm. H. Pace, Farmer bom 

C. W. Proctor. Farmer , horn 

Ed. Purvis, Farmer 1868 

E. R. Rawlings, Farmer born 

John Rosser, Farmer 1872 

E. A. Russell, Farmer born 

Chris. Smalley, Farmer born 

T. M. Smirl, Farmer 1849 

Jeremiah Smith, Farmer 1869 

E.J. Steele, Farmer bom 

J. F. Stemmans, F"armer 1870 

Arthur S. Stewart, Farmer 1849 

Daniel P. Stewart, Farmer bom 

Harrison Stone, Farmer born 

A. J. Swallow, Farmer „ 1847 

Charles Taylor, Farmer 1859 

E. W. Wingfield, Farmer bom 



LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 



8oi 



CARROLL COUNTY. 



Name, Business or Profession. Missouri. 
CARBOLLTON. 

M. T. C. Williams, Attorney and 

State Senator 1865 

James H. Wright, Att'y and Mayor. 1870 

H. Rhoinberg, Brewer 1867 

Wm. M. Allen, City Marshall 1855 

Samuel H. Gleaspn, Clerk .^.... 1871 

Jas. E. King, Contractor and Builder. 1 865 

Noah Krout, Contractor and Builder. 1866 

H. T. Combs, County Clerk 1855 

O. J. Kerby, Editor Journal. 1847 

J. H. Turner, Ed. Wakenda Record. 1867 

A. Maxfield, J. P. and Boarding H'se 1865 

Max Markley, Livery 1874 

L. B. Ely, Merchant 1844 

J. T. Lawton, Miller 1865 

Rev. John. H. Cox, M. E. Church... 1859 

Rev. W. F. Drohan, Catholic Church 1873 



u r. • at' Settled in 

Name, Business or Profession. Missouri. 

Rev. J. A. Mampower, M.E. Church 

South 1874 

A. C. Blackwell, Recorder 1838 

J. C. Tiedemann, Restaurant 1871 

DE WITT. 

J. H. Kendrick, Citizen 1867 

James D. Armitage, Druggist 1873 

David Gilbert, Farmer 1852 

Chain & Wilson, Hardware, Tin- 
ware and Stoves 1873 

W. S. Ruckel, P. M. and Stationer. 1857 

NORBORNE. 

James H. Belt, Groceries 1874 

Robert W. Forrest, Lumber Dealer 
and Notary Public 1868 



SULLIVAN COUNTY. 



MILAN. 

L. T. Hatfield, Attorney 1872 

R. D. Morrison, Attorney 1845 

William Baas, Cabinet Maker 1869 

Geo. W. A. Preston, Clerk Cir. Court. 1859 

John Q. Boner, County Clerk 1856 

S. W. Mellor, County Surveyor 1858 

James S. Graham, Druggist 1865 

Ernst Ritze, Drugs and Groceries... 1869 

J. F. Beatty, Editor of Gazette 1864 

M. F. Lorentz, Editor of Standard.. 1871 

Berg & Block, Furnishmg Goods.... 1873 

Wm. Smick, General Store 1870 

Solomon Poole, Groc. & Queensware 1853 

W. H. Watson, Harness Maker 1853 

James Beatty, Judge of Probate 1857 

Rev. D. A. Wilson 1871 

J.E.Nelson, Physician 1865 

J. Ben. Ward, Physician 1867 

Thos. J. Turner, Prop. Billiard Hall. 1870 

Henry Boner, Real Estate Agent.... 1858 

Joseph M. Stanley, Real Estate Agt. 1856 

Benoni P. Downes, Saw & Grist Mill. 1873 

Aaron Glidewell, Jr.,Saw& Grist Mill 1869 

Robert Cochrane, Farmer 1862 

Wm. W.Davis, Farmer 1858 

Joseph C. DeWitt, Farmer 1843 

Wm. H. Emberton, Farmer 1848 

Armistead C. Hill, Farmer 1839 

Sharon McCulK)ugh, Farmer 1S40 

Addison Payne, T'armer 1S56 

Isaac Shrader, Farmer 1856 



BBOWNING. 

John T. Smith, Merchant 1839 

Lewis Patterson,Physician& Druggist 1869 

R.C.Clark, Farmer 1866 

Lot. B. Lontz, Farmer 1840 

Warren McCullough, Farmer 1840 

F. E. Stone, Farmer 1840 

GBEENCASTLE. 

Demertus Rich, Drugs, etc 1862 

John McLaughlin, Farmer 1858 

W. H. H. Marine, General Store... 1863 

A. McGuire, General Store 1858 

W. A. Watson, General Store 1859 

R.J. Reed, Hotel 1868 

M. P. Archer, Physician 1866 

J. W. Standley, Physician 1872 

W. W. Shearer, Physician & Druggist 1 861 

KIDDVILLE. 

Jeremiah G. Smith, Farmer 1839 

SCOTTSVILLE. 

S. A. Maloney, Carpenter 1840 

S. C. Hutchinson, Miller & Farmer. 1867 

George W. Norvell, Farmer '859 

W. H. Oliver, Farmer 1857 

Mrs. Maiy M. Reger, Farmer 1854 

Isaac Shrock, Farmer 184O 



802 



CAMPBELL'S GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 



AUDRAIN COUNTY. 



No \ or' Settled in 

ame, Business or Profession, Missouri. 

MEXICO. 

M. Y. Duncan, Attorney 1854 

W. O. Forrist, Attorney 1868 

G. B. Macfarlane, Attorney 1865 

Edwin Silver, Attorney 

J. R. Williams, Attorney 1854 

C. H. liarclin. Banker and Senator. 1866 
Thomas Hughes, Blacksmith 1872 

D. N. Evans, Builder 1859 

Samuel Apgar, Carpenter and Builder 

J. R. Bishop, Carpenter and Builder. 1865 

J. P. SuUinger, Carpenter 1848 

J. F. Llewellyn, Druggist 1869 

R. Scharlarh & Co., Druggists 1872 

W. G. Church, Editor Agrictdturist 

and Floral Guide 1865 



Name, Business or Profession. If "louri" 

D. C. Wright, Architect and Builder. 1868 

J. E. Hutton, Editor and PuMisher. 1871 

J. Linn Ladd, Editor and Publisher, i860 

Milton F. Simmons, Editor and Pub. 1865 

Dutcher & Gleason, Hardware 1867 

J. W. Brown, Hotel 1874 

N. M. Roberts, Hotel 1855 

Wm. F. Jones, House Mover 1865 

Jno. P. Clark, Land Agent 1843 

Joseph Thomas, Mechanic 

Rev. J. D. Murphy, Minister 1871 

Wm. Starr, Physician 

C. W. Baker, Real Estate and Gen'l 

Insurance Agent 1870 

A. D. Kellogg, Soap Manufactory... 

J. D. McKee, U. S. Express Agent. 1867 



CHARITON COUNTY. 



BRUNSWICK. 

W. Boush Cox, Artist 1837 

J. T. Keyte, Artist 1838 

Charles A. Winslow, Attorney 

James M. Douglas, Druggist 1845 

J.J. Bruce, Farmer 1844 

Samuel Heinmann, Grocer 1S65 

Jost tS: Hoffman, Grist Mill 1873 

R. H. Heggins, Hotel 1874 

John Kuechler, Hotel 1850 

John F. Cunningham, Physician and 

Druggist 1853 

Naylor & Balthis, Publishers 1865 

E. Reinwald, Saddlery and Harness 1856 

SALISBURY. 

Samuel & Gallemore, Publishers 1872 



TRIPLET. 

J. M. Marsh, Merchant and R.R. Agt. 1835 

Clement A. Jenning, Physician 1870 

Charles W. P'leetwood, Farmer and 

Justice of the Peace 1837 

John E. M. Triplet, Farmer, (Foun- 
der of Triplet) 1869 

DALTON. 

Jacob Fuhrer, Blacksmith and Wag- 
on Maker 1871 

"Wm. Carson, Hotel 1834 

KEYTESVILLE. 

James Shaughnessy, Boots and Shoes 1873 
Martin & Applegate, Druggists 1870 



SCOTLAND COUNTY. 



MEMPHIS. 

Schofield & Gwynne, Attorneys 

John D. Smoot, Attorney 

J. W. Barnes, Cashier Scotland Co. 
Bank 

Charles S. Martin, Circuit Clerk 

Sterling McDonald, County Clerk... 

A. B. McAntire, County Treasurer 

John Gharky, Editor Memphis Con- 
servative 



C. W, Jamison, Editor Memphis 
Reveille 

S. A. Dysart, Editor Scotland Co. 
News 

J. P. Craig, Lumber Dealer 

Charles Mety, Pres't Scotland Co. 
Bank 

R. L. Lotz, Principal Pub. School 

Thomas McAllister, Property Owner 



LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 



803 



MARION COUNTY. 



Name, Business or Profession, 
HANNIBAL. 



Settled in 
Missouri. 



A. J. Smith, Agricultural Imple'ts... 1873 
H. B. Leach, Agent Han. cSc St. Joe 

R. R. Co 

R. B. Dickson, Attorney 1865 

W. H. Fisher, Attorney 

Thomas F. Gatts, Attorney 

J. L. RoBards, Attorney 

A. M. Rigler, Bakery and Confe'ry 1863 
John L. Wise, Clerk Hardw'e Store 1872 

B. Q. Stevens, Dentist 1850 

E. M. Stockton, Dentist 1858 

Henry Walker, Drugs and Medic' ns 1867 
Johnathan Smith, Dry Goods 

A. Shenker & Co., Dry Goods and 
Carpets 

F. Van Patten, Engineer 1869 

James A. Sappington, Farmer and 

Gardener 1850 

Jacob Hock, Gas Fitter 

William V. Moss, Gen'l Ins. Agent 1872 

Brown & White, Gen'l Ins. Ag'ts 1873 

E. A. Parker, General Ticket Agent 

Han. & St. Joe Railroad 1873 

Ira Beckwith, Hotel 1873 

William J. Marsh, Liquor Dealer... 

George Munckton, Meat and Ice 1858 

Charles Cross, Merchant 1873 

Phillip Tucker, Sr., Merch't Tailor 

Irene Des Willis, Music i860 

William R. Rhoades, Photographer 1872 
J. W. Ayres, Prof. Public Schools... 

Clipper Print Co., Publishers 

Winchell & Ebert, Publishers 

M. G. Selleck, Real Estate Agent... 

James Ryan, Teas and Wines 1873 

James T. Brown, Watchmaker and 

Jeweler 1866 

PALMYRA. 

J. H. Engelhardt, Bakery 

C.Mitchell, Barber 

Hiener & Baker, Breweiy 

John Long & Son, Blacksmiths 



,, „ n r • Settled in 

Name, Business or rroTessioni Missouri. 

Swartz & Henritci, Carriage and 
Plow Manufacturers 

Daniel Merritt, Conductor Han. & 
St. Joe Railroad 

Baum & Trader, Gen'l Agents 

J. B. & L. D. Cort, Grange Store.... 

F. Flemming, Grocer 

A. K. Zigler, Harness Maker 

George W. Lane, Hotel 

Charles C. Lee, Machinist 

Presly C. Lane, Mayor of Palmyra 
James S. Green, Palmyra Seminaiy 

Jacob Sosey, Palmyra Spectator 

Berghofer ik Pollman, Plow Man'frs 

Happel & Diemer, Pork Packers 

Leflet & Gordon, Pub. Netu Era... 

Rev. Jacob Creth 

H. Nicol & Co., Steam Furnit'r Mfr. 

Harmon Gentry, Stock Dealer 

J. B. Holt, Farmer 

Thomas Lear, Farmer 

J. R. Palmer, Farmer 

NORTH RIVER. 

William Cox, Stock Manager 1870 

William Blade, Farmer 

A. Brown, Farmer 

Mrs. Kate Bryant, Farmer 1832 

Elisha Fogle, Farmer 

Edwin R. Hansbrough, Farmer 

Joshua Harsell, Farmer and Stock 1 847 
Thomas Lewis, Farmer 

G. W. Mathews, Farmer 1822 

E. G. Moore, Farmer..-. 

James Tate, Farmer 

Rev. Caleb S. Taylor, Farmer 

J. R. Yeager, Farmer 1854 

John R. Young, Farmer 1835 

WEST QUINCY. 

Jackson Randels, Blacksmith 

William T. Roberts, Engineer 

J. M. Randolph, Groceries and Hotel 
Lewis Taylor, Justice of the Peace 

J. W. Bradford, Lumber Dealer 

W. J. McCoy, Lumber 



SCHUYLER COUNTY. 



LANCASTER. 

R. Caywood, Attorney 

G. B. Gamble, Attorney 

Edward Higbee, Attorney 



Hughes & Hughes, Attorneys. 

Wm. Lindsey, Attorney 

C. Elliott Vrooman, Attorney. 

John Baker, Circuit Clerk 

b. T. Truitt, County Clerk.... 



8o4 



CAMPBELLS GAZETTEER OF MISSOURI. 



Name, Business or Profession. 
LANCASTER— Cb«/mMf<f. 



Settled in 
Missouri. 



W. H. Fulton, Co. Supt. Schools... 
W. B. Hays, County Treasurer 



Name, Business or Profession. M'slourU 

H. A. Miller, Editor Excelsior 

Samuel J. Jewitt, Farmer 

P. H. Fredericks, Principal High 
School 



SHELBY COUNTY. 



SHELBINA. 

W. O. L. Jewett, Attorney 

Charles M. King, Attorney 

Rawlings & Hoselton, Editors of 
Democrat 



J. W. Ford, Physician 

E. N. Gerard, Physician 

S. P. Swift, Physician 

Smith & Chandler, Real Estate. 

Towson Bros., Real Estate 

R. H. George, Surgeon Dentist.. 



ADAIR COUNTY. 



KIRKSVILLE. 

A. Slingerland, Abstracts of Titles... 
De France & Halliburton, Attorneys 

Greenwood & Pickler, Attorneys 

W. L. Griggs, Attorney 



Mrs. R. A. Harris 

R. L. Sharp, Lumber 

John A. Richardson, Marble Dealer. 

W. F. Smith, Real Estate 

J. D. Miller, Sheriff 

I. D. Pearce, Surgeon Dentist 



ST. LOUIS. 



ARCHITECTS. 

George I. Barnett, 36 Ins. Exchange 

ATTORNEYS AT LAW. 

Henderson & Shields, room 23, In- 
surance Exchange 

John B. Henderson 

George H. Shields 1844 

Noble & Orrick, 315 Olive street 

John W. Noble 1865 

John C. Orrick born 

Sharp & Broadhead, 211 N. 3d st 

James O. Broadhead 1837 

F. C. Sharp - 

A. W. Slayback, Pine street, n. w. 

corner 3d 1838 

Charles C. Whittelsey, 208 Chestnut 1840 
Dryden & Diyden, 207 Chestnut st 

John D. S. Dryden 1829 

John W. Dryden born 

Nat. C. Dryden born 

A. J. Baker, 211 North 3d street.... 1864 
James S. Garland, 201 N. 3d street 1856 
Chandler & Young, 517^ Chestnut 

Jeff Chandler 1863 

S. A. Young 

J. Q. Adams Fritchey, 215 Pine st... 

Finkelburg & Rassieur, 507 Chestnut 

E. B. Gale, s. e. cor. 5th and Olive 

streets, room 13 



Alex. J. P. Garesche, 517^^ Pine st 
Hamilton Moore, s. e. corner of 5th 

and Olive streets 

Hill & Bowman, n. w. corner Pine 

and 3d streets 

M. Kinealy, 511 Pine street 

Kitchen, Pope & McGinnis, rooms 

32 and 34, s. e. corner 5th and 

Olive streets 

H. B. Lighthizer, n. e. cor. 4th and 

Market streets 

Marshall & Barclay, 511 Olive st 

Peacock & Cornwell, 215 Pine st 

T. A. & H. M. Post, room 3, Ins. 

Building, s. e. cor. 5th and Olive 
George W. Taussig, loi N. 5th street 

Dexter Tiffany, 507 Chestnut st 

Albert Todd, 513 Chestnut street... 
Williams & Tittman, s. e. corner 

Court House 

BANKS. 

Central Savings Bank, 312 N. 3d st. 

Branch Gennan Bank, 1560 Caron- 
delet avenue 

Lafayette Savings Bank, 1 601 Caron- 
delet avenue 

West St. Louis Savings Bank, Wm. 
F. Wernse, Cashier, 1400 Frank- 
lin avenue 



LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 



805 



Name, Business or Profession. Mi'ssourT 

BOOKS. 

Madison Babcock, Agent Scribner, 
Armstrong & Co., 608 Chestnut 

Bible and Pub. Society, 209 N. 6th 

\V. J. Gilbert, 209 N. 4th street 

St. Louis Book & News Co., 307 
N. 4th street 

Van Beek, Barnard & Tinsley, 303 
and 305 N. 3d street 

CARRIAGE MANUFACTURERS. " 

Christopher J. Hohl, 902 Cass ave... 

James A. Wright, 809 and 811 N. 

5th street 

CHURCHES. 

E. A. Schindel, St. Boniface Church, 
Carondelet 

COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS. 

St. Louis University, corner Wash- 
ington ave. and 9th street 

Washington University, Washington 
ave. and 17th 

College of Christian Brothers, Bro. 
James, Pres't 

Father Ferdinand, South of Arsenal 

St. Patrick's Academy, Bro. Nicholas, 
702 Cass avenue 

Ursuline Academy — State, between 
Russel & Ann 

Young Ladies Academy of the Visit- 
ation, Cass ave. bet. 21st and 23d 

COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 

Bushey & Drucker, 216 n. Com. st. 

Cole Bro's., 316-318 South 3d st. 

McCormick, Adams & Amiington, 
Union Merchants Ex. Building.... 

George H. Morgan, Sec. and Treas. 
Union Mer. Ex., r. 3029 Morgan. 

E. M. Samuel & Sons, 422 n. Com. st. 

Web. M. Samuel, 422 n. Com. st 

Sam. Virden & Co., 302 n. Com. st. 

Foster, Williams & Co., 201 n. Com- 
mercial st 

COMMISSIONERS OF DEEDS. 

Garland & Greene, Commissioners of 
Deeds and Notaries Public, 201 n. 
3d street 

COTTON DEALERS. 

Myron Coloney, St. Louis Cotton As- 
sociation, cor. Market & Main sts-. 

DRY GOODS. 

Wm. Barr & Co., cor. St. Charles and 
3d and 4th streets 



Name, Business or Profession. Mi'slourL 

S. C. Davis & Co., n. w. corner 5th 
and Washington ave 

Dodd, Brown & Co., cor. 5th and St. 
Charles streets 

W. J. Koeln, Carondelet 

Scruggs, Vandervoort & Barney, 423 
and 425 n. 4th streets 

DRUGGISTS. 
A. A. Mellier, 600 and 602 Main st. 

FLORISTS. 

Henry Michel, 107 n. 5th street 

Connon & Co., 507 n. 4th street 

FURNITURE. 

National School Furniture Co., 708 
and 710 Chesnut street 

GROCERS. 

Nave, Goddard & Co., 524 n. 2d St.. 

D. A. January & Co., 406 to 412 n. 
2d street 

L. Dean, Carondelet 

GUNS, ETC. 

H. Folsom & Co., 620 and 622 Main 
street 

ICE DEALERS. 
J. Nickel, 1446 Columbus street 

INSURANCE. 

W. G. Bently, s. e. cor. 5th & Olive. 

W. R. Hodges, s. e. cr. 5th & Olive. 

Mound City Mutual Fire & Marine 
Insurance Co., s. w. cor. 2d and 
Pine sts., David H. Bishop, Sec. 

JEWELERS. 

L. Bauman & Co., 18 s. 5th street, 
Eugene Jaccard & Co., n. e. comer. 

5th and Olive streets 

Mermod, Jaccard & Co., 401 and 

403 n. 4th street 

LAUNDRY. 

E. Jones, Mound City Laundry, 614 
St. Charles street 

LUMBER DEALERS. 

Berthold & Jennings, (Commission) 
18 s. Main street 

James Ganahl & Co., 3430 Car. ave. 

Philibtirt & Johanning, 1 502 Market 
St., Sash, door and blind manuf y. 

Schulenburg & Boeckeler, s. w. cor. 
lOth and Mullanphy 



8o6 CAMFBE^rS GAZE 

., n < n c • Settled in 

Name, Business or Profession, Missouri. 

MANUFACTURING COMPANIES. 

Conrades & Logeman, 1121 n. 6th 
street, Chair Factory 

Excelsior Manufacturing Co., 612 & 
614 Main street 

J. H. McLean, 314 Chestnut street, 
Proprietary Medicines 

MINING COMPANY. 

Wm. Einstein & Co., Frumet M. & 
S. Co.... 

OFFICIALS. 

Herman Bleeck, chief clerk assessor's 
office 

W. H. Heath, county assessor, n. e. 
wing court-house 

PACKET COMPANIES. 

W. W. Atter, Sec'y Missouri River 
Packet Co 

PAPER WAREHOUSE. 

Snider & Holmes, 102 N. 2d street 

C. R. Williamson & Co., 311 N. 

2d street 

PHYSICIAN. 

Charles W. Stevens, 1015 Dillon st. 

PORK PACKER. 

John Mulhall, cor. Morgan street 
and Grand avenue 

PUBLISHERS. 

Amerika, H. J. Spaunhorst, Pres't 

Anzeiger des Westens. 

Luther & Teasdale, Central Baptist 
Benj. St. James Fry, Editor Central 

Christian Advocate, 913 N. 6th st 

St. Louis Dispatch Co .- 

St. Louis Democrat Qo 

McKee & Houser, Globe 

Wolcott & Hume Co., Evening 

yournal 

Charles B. Cox, Publisher of Old 

School Presbyterian 

Charles A. Mantz, Pres't Times Co. 
"William Hyde, Editor Republican 
George Knapp & Co., Republican 
Westliche Post, 5th and Market 



TTEER OF MISSOURI. 

Name, Business or Profession. Mi'slouri" 

QUEENSWARE. 

Miller & vStephenson, 502 N. 4th st. 

RAILROADS. 

Thomas Allen, Pres't St. Louis, L M. 

& S. R. R 

A. L. Deane, Land Com'r A. & P. 

R. R ; 

A. A. Talmage, Gen'l Superintend- 
ent A. & P. R 

W. C. Van Home, Gen'l Sup't St. 
L., K. C. & N. Ry 

REAL ESTATE. 

H. W. Leffingwell & Co., 320 Chest- 
nut street 

E. G. Obear & Co., 314 Chestnut st. 
J. W. Sutherland, 16 s. 5th street... 

SAWS. 

Curtis & Co., 117 Vine street 

SCALES. 

Fairbanks & Co., 302 and 304 Wash- 
ington ave • 

SEEDS. 

Kern, Steber & Co., 211 Market st. 
Plant Seed Co., 16 and 18 n. Main. 

SEWER PIPE, ETC. 

H. M. Thompson & Co., Sewer 
Pipes and Pottery, office in court- 
house 

SEWING MACHINE COMPANY. 

Grover & Baker, S. M. Co., 307 n. 

5th street 

Johnson, Clark & Co., 21 s. 5th st., 

Home S. M. Co 

Wheeler & Wilson, S. M. Co., 415 

n. 5th street 

STENCIL CUTTER. 

W. F. Ritchey, 100 s. Commercial st. 

STOVES. 

A. S. Petticrew & Co , 713 n. 2d st. 

SURGICAL IN.STRUMENTS & DENTAL GOODS. 
A. M. Leslie & Co., 319 n. 5th st. 



LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 



807 



LIBERTY. 

D. C. Allen, Attorney at Law 

Samuel Hardwick, Attorney at Law 
James E. Lincoln, Attorney at Law 
Liberty Savings Association, Bankers 

E. G. Hamilton, County Officer 

Ofallon Dougherty, Farmer 

Clinton Tillery, Merchant 

M. Goldman, iMerchant 

Lewis P, Gray, Merchant 

MISSOURI CITY. 

James F.Allen, Farmer 

R. & L. JUNCTION. 

Thomas Sweeney, Grocery 1872 

Reuben H. George, Merchant and 

Hotel 1869 

H. S. Warring, Restaurant , 1872 

GRANT CITY. 

Munn & Farwell, Bankers and Land 
Agents 

ST. CHARLES. 

Joseph H. Alexander, Banker and 
Insurance Agent 

ROLLA. 

C H. Frost, Banker and Real Estate 
Agent 

OSCEOLA. 

Osceola Savings Bank 

FORISTELL. 

G. Ruhwedel, Blacksmith 

CUBA. 
Frank Inland, Traveling Salesman 
WENTZVILLE. 

R. B. Dula, Tobacconist 

HICKORY GROVE. 
H. H. Kunkuff, Farmer 

MIAMI. 

Calhoon & Kirby, Eds. Index 

TROY. 

J. P. Davidson, Clerk 

J. W. M'Carty, Coal 



ATTORNEYS. 

J. W. Grabill, Savannah Andrew Co. 

James C. Higgins, Savannah Andrew 

A. C. Ketchum, Marble Hill Bollinger 

Doniphan & Reed, St. Joseph... Buchanan 
Dunn & Johnson, Kingston Caldwell 

D. P. Baily, Fulton Callaway 

Terrell & Mather, Harrisonville Cass 

W.J. Terrell, Harrisonville Cass 

A. C. Widdicombe, Boonville Cooper 

E. A. Pinnell, (Box 20) Cuba.... Crawford 

Peter Wilson, Buffalo Dallas 

William C. Gillihan, Gallatin Daviess 

James M. Orchard, Salem Dent 

Isaac P. Caldwell, Albany .....Gentry 

Joseph T. Rice, Springfield Green 

A. H. Bierkehoider, Trenton Grundy 

D. J. Heaston, Bethany Harrison 

William L. Avery, Calhoun Henry 

Ladue & Fyke, Clinton Henry 

T. G. Dungan, Oregon Holt 

Robert L. Linday, Ironton Iron 

R. Orendorff, Kansas City Jackson 

D. A. Harrison, Carthage Jasper 

N. Blackstock, Knob Noster Johnson 

G. H. Sack, Warrensburg Johnson 

John N. Boyd, Chillicothe Livingston 

B.Benson Cahoon, Fredericktown, Madison 
George S. Lamping, Pineville, McDonald 

John R. Reed, Iberia Miller 

A. H. Billings, Tuscumbia Miller 

Jacob Gantt, Tuscumbia Miller 

J. H. Bethune, Charleston Mississippi 

C. M. Gordon, California Moniteau 

Frederick Snyder, Maryville Nodaway 

George W. Carlton, Gayoso Pemiscot 

Sampson & Bro., Sedalia Pettis 

J. B. Upton, Bolivar Polk 

Shelton & Stidger, Unionville Putnam 

A. G. Lancaster, New London Ralls 

J. W. & J. E. Black, Richmond Ray 

Lyle Singleton, Eminence Shannon 

J. H. Alexander, St. Charles... St. Charles 

F. M. Carter, Farmington St. Fran9ois 

A.W. Van Swearingen, Montevello, Vernon 

Frank C. Neely, Greenville Wayne 

W. J. Gibson, Grant City Worth 



FOR SALE! 



The St. Louis, Ir on Mountain & Southern R. W. 

This road, through the consolidation of the St. Louis & Iron Mountain, the Arkansas 
Branch of that road, and the Cairo, Arkansas and Texas Railroads, of Missouri, with the 
Cairo & Fulton Railroad, of Arkansas, now forms a grand line of 686 miles, extending 
from St. Louis to Columbus, Kentucky, where it forms connection with the Mobile & 
Ohio Railroad, affording safe and rapid transit, both for freight and passengers through 
the South to Memphis and New Orleans ; also from St. Louis, through Little Rock, 
Arkansas, to the State Line of Texas, at Texarkana, forming close connection with the 
Texas & Pacific Railroad, and the whole system of railroads in Texas, and giving outlet 
to the Gulf of Mexico at Galveston and Columbia. It also extends from Poplar Bluff, 
in Butler County, Missouri, through the counties of Stoddard, Scott and Mississippi to 
Cairo, Illinois, where it connects by ferry with the Vincennes Railroad and the Illinois 
Central, thus makmg connection with the net work of railroad reaching to the great lakes 
upon the North and the Atlantic coast upon the East, and affording the very best facilities 
for transportation to the markets of the North, South and East, to all persons who may 
settle upon the lands along its line. 

500,000 Acres of these Lands lie in 
SOUTH-EAST MISSOURI, 

Which, since the building of this line of railroad, has improved with wonderful rapidity, 
and is destined, through its immense mineral, timber and agricultural resources, to 
become the wealthiest and most prosperous portion of the State. They are lands 
formerly known as Cairo & Fulton lands of Missouri, lying in the Counties of Scott, 
Mississippi, New Madrid, Stoddard, Dunklin, Butler and Ripley. There are 

IN ARKANSAS 
2,000,000 Acres of Fine Farming Lands, 

The whole, being a grant from the United States Government, made in aid of the con- 
struction of the Cairo & Fulton Railroad, and situated along both sides of the road, 
running diagonally across the State in a south-west direction from the southern boundary 
of Missouri to the northern boundary of Texas. 

These lands, both in Missouri and Arkansas, are covered M'ith a large and abundant 
growth of timber of numerous varieties. The soil is fertile and, in Arkansas, very pro- 
ductive of cotton, as well as the cereals, grains, grasses and fruits; while in Missouri, 
corn, grass and fruits can be grown in abundance, and cotton is produced to considerable 
■extent in the County of Dunklin, and portions of Mississippi, Stoddard and Butler 
Counties are well adapted to it. All these lands can be purchased on 

LIBERAL PRICE AND TERMS, 

The general prices ranging from three to five dollars per acre, and it being the desire to 
make such terms of payment as shall render them easily attainable by any industrioi!^ 
settler. The rate of interest upon all deferred payments will be six per centum per 
annum. Parties wishing to examine lands can obtain 

EXPLORER'S TICKETS 

j\t the ticket office. No. 105 South Fourth Street, St. Louis, Mo., and at the office in 
Little Rock. Should any holder of such a ticket purchase land from this Company, the 
full fare one way will be returned. For pamphlets, with maps and information in 
detail, address either 

THOS. ALLEN, JAMES M. LOUGHBOROUGH, 

President, Ziand Commitaioner, 

N. W. Cor. 5th and Market Sts., St. Louis. Little Rock. 



^\q G^fekt ^outl\we^tl 



Central and Southwest Missouri, 

Possessing all the requirements of good climate, good soil and good 
health — with varied and beautiful scenery, and springs, and streams of 
pure water running rapidly over rocky bottoms — with long, yet cool 
summers, and short and mild winters, invites 

Emigiation from all olher States, and from [urope. 

Come from the cold regions of all countries, where winter consumes 
all the products of summer; come from localities afflicted with con- 
sumption, to a place where pulmonary disease is almost unknown, except 
in the cases cured by its climate; come from crowded cities where the 
laboring man is poor, to a region where industry is sure of reward, where 
a home is easily obtained, and wealth always within the reach of humble 
men; come from high priced lands of the North to the cheap, yet better 
lands of Central and Southwest Missouri. 

THE 

^tlkiitid & fh6{i{6 %ilfokd Co., 

OWN 

1,150,000 Acres of Land, 

Which they offer cheap, on long credit, and with free transportation 
over their Road to all purchasers. The greatest inducements offered to 
men who will organize Colonies ! Village Plats, where are expensive 
depots and side tracts, and centers already of considerable trade, offered 
for sale by the acre on long credit. Colonists can obtain reduced rates 
from all points to St. Louis, whence this Company will provide tickets 
and transportation. 

For particulars, in pamphlets and maps, apply to 

A. L. DEANE, Land Commissioner, 

25 South Fourth Street, St. Louis. 



